Tarihi
Duniya za ta iya amfana daga ƙungiyar lafiya ta duniya da ke hidimar ƙasashe da bukatun jama'arsu suna zana manyan ilimin kimiyya, bisa mafi kyawun shaidar da ake da su, da yin aiki cikin ɗa'a da gaskiya. Koyaya, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta nuna a cikin martanin ta game da Covid-19, ajandarta na shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar a halin yanzu, da sauran fannonin aiki, ayyukan da suka saba wa kimiyya, shaida, ka'idodin al'adu, da yarda da ka'idodin lafiyar jama'a. A tsawon lokaci, ya zama abin kallo ga masu zaman kansu da bukatun bangaranci, tare da maye gurbin al'amuran gargajiya na manyan cututtuka masu nauyi tare da wadanda ke da babban damar samun riba na kamfanoni.
Amurka da Argentina sun nuna alamun janyewa daga hukumar ta WHO. Sauran kasashen kuma sun nuna damuwarsu game da tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a na kungiyar. Tattaunawa na baya-bayan nan game da gyare-gyaren dokokin kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa da ci gaban yarjejeniyar yaki da cutar ta WHO sun haifar da cece-kuce game da manufofin WHO da ke keta hakkin dan Adam da diyaucin kasa, tare da nuna gazawar rawar shaida da ka'idojin kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Cikakken bayanin bukatun hukumar lafiya ta kasa da kasa, gazawar WHO wajen cika wadannan sharudda, da kuma fayyace hanyar da za ta dace, za ta samar da ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya ga hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa a tsakanin kasashe kan lafiyar jama'a a duniya. Wannan ya kamata ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin 'yancin ɗan adam da ka'idojin likitanci waɗanda aka yarda da su waɗanda fahimtar zamani na dokokin duniya da ikon mallaka suka dogara, kuma waɗanda suka jagoranci samuwar WHO da farkon tsarin.
Shirin Gyaran Lafiya na Duniya (IHRP) ya haɗu da ƙungiyoyi masu yawa da na kasa da kasa tare da kwarewa a kiwon lafiya na duniya, doka, da ayyukan kungiyoyin kasa da kasa a yankuna da dama. Kwamitin yana nazarin muhimman ka'idojin kare hakkin dan adam, ikon mallakar kasa, da ka'idojin kiwon lafiyar jama'a wadanda ya kamata a tafiyar da kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta duniya da kuma yadda WHO ta gaza yin aiki da wadannan a halin yanzu. Hukumar ta WHO ta yi nisa daga tushenta a matsayin kungiyar da ke karkashin ikon kasashe mambobinta kuma bisa ka'idoji da ka'idoji da aka yarda da su bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Yin bita a fili kan wannan faifai zai taimaka wajen sanin ko za a iya yin gyare-gyaren da ya dace a cikin hukumar ta WHO, ko kuma a samar da sabon tsarin da ya dace.
Bita ya shafi kudade da rikice-rikice na sha'awa, abubuwan da ake bukata don kulawa da kulawa ta hanyar jihohi, da kuma buƙatar haɓaka iya aiki a matakin kasa don rage dogaro da masu ba da gudummawa da gina dogaro da kai. Ana buƙatar kafa mai ƙarfi don yin gyare-gyare na gaggawa amma mai inganci don tabbatar da cewa damar da ake samu a halin yanzu da wani tsari na ƙasa da ƙasa ya gabatar a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, janyewar Amurka, da firgita ba a ɓata ba.
Focus
- Sake ayyana lafiyar jama'a ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta dogara a kan ɗa'a, hukuma ɗaya, da ikon mallakar ƙasa
- Zayyana samfurin ƙungiyar da ya dace don ƙungiyar lafiya ta duniya (IHO)
- Tantance aikin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) daidai da wannan ma'auni
- Bayar da tsari da tsari don haɓaka hukumar da ta dace da manufa, ko sake gyara WHO zuwa wannan ma'auni.
panel
Ramesh Thakur
Farfesa Ramesh Thakur PhD shine farfesa na farko a Makarantar Siyasa ta Crawford, Jami'ar Kasa ta Ostiraliya, tsohon Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Babban Masanin Cibiyar Brownstone. An haife shi a Indiya kuma ya yi karatu a Indiya da Kanada, ya yi alƙawura na cikakken lokaci na ilimi a Fiji, New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatocin Australiya, New Zealand da Norwegian kan batutuwan tsaro na duniya. Ya yi aiki a kwamitocin ba da shawara na kasa da kasa na cibiyoyin bincike masu dogaro da kai a Afirka, Asiya, Turai, da Arewacin Amurka. Shi memba ne na Australiya don Kimiyya da 'Yanci. Littattafansa sun hada da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Indiana University Press), The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (Jami'ar Oxford), da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro (Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge). Ya buga labaran ra'ayi a ciki Asahi Shimbun, Jaridar Asiya ta Wall Street, Australiya, Binciken Kudi na Australiya, mutu tageszeitung, Times Financial, Globe da Mail, Guardian, Hindu, Hindustan Times, Indian Express, International Herald Tribune, Japan Times, Newsweek, San Francisco Chronicle, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Times of India, Da kuma Washington Post.
Elisabeth Paul
Farfesa Elisabeth Paul tana da digirin digirgir a fannin Kimiyyar Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Liège (2006), tare da yin nazari kan aikace-aikacen ka'idar karfafa gwiwa don inganta sarrafa albarkatun jama'a a kasashe masu tasowa. Ta haɗu da aikin ilimi da filin wasa, tare da tallafin fasaha kusan ɗari, kimantawa da ayyukan bincike don darajarta, galibi a Yammacin Afirka. A halin yanzu ita ce Mataimakin Farfesa a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Jami'ar Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), da kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike kan "Manufofin Lafiya da Tsarin - Lafiya na Duniya". Tana koyar da darussa daban-daban da suka shafi manufofin kiwon lafiya (tsare-tsare da kimantawa), ba da kuɗaɗen lafiya da nazarin tsarin kiwon lafiya (aiki). Ita kuma mai ba da shawara ce mai zaman kanta, kuma tsohuwar memba ce a Kwamitin Bita na Fasaha na Asusun Duniya da na Kwamitin Bincike mai zaman kansa na Gavi, Ƙungiyar Alurar riga kafi. Fannin gwaninta sune tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya da manufofi, tasiri na taimakon raya kasa, samar da kudade na tushen aiki, taimakon kasa da kasa da kula da kudaden jama'a.
Garrett Brown
Farfesa Garrett Wallace Brown shi ne Shugaban manufofin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya a Jami'ar Leeds. Shi ne Co-Jagoran na Ƙungiyar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya da kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na WHO akan shaida da nazari don gaggawar lafiya. Binciken nasa ya mayar da hankali ne kan gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ba da kuɗaɗen lafiya, ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya, daidaiton kiwon lafiya da ƙididdige farashi da bayar da yuwuwar shirye-shiryen kamuwa da cutar. Yana da fiye da shekaru 25 na bincike da ƙwarewar manufofi, ya buga fiye da 100 labarai game da lafiyar jama'a na duniya, kuma ya yi aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatoci a Afirka, Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a ta Burtaniya, Ofishin Commonwealth da Development Office na Burtaniya, Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, G7 da G20.
Thi Thuy Van Dinh
Dokta Thi Thuy Van Dinh ya tashi daga ƙasar Viet Nam don yin karatun lauya a Faransa, inda ya sami digiri na uku a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Limoges. Da ta kammala jarrabawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan harkokin shari'a, ta shiga sakatariyar MDD don tallafawa aiwatar da yarjejeniyar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da kare hakkin bil'adama a ofishin MDD mai yaki da miyagun kwayoyi da laifuffuka da kuma ofishin hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama. Daga baya, a Asusun Intellectual Ventures Global Good Fund (Amurka), ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi da yawa kuma ta jagoranci yunƙurin haɓaka fasahar kiwon lafiyar muhalli don ƙananan albarkatun ƙasa. A halin yanzu tana ba da shawara kan tsari da manufofin da suka shafi hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya gabaɗaya da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.
David Bell
Dokta David Bell likita ne na asibiti da lafiyar jama'a tare da PhD a cikin lafiyar jama'a da kuma baya a cikin maganin ciki, ƙirar ƙira da cututtukan cututtuka. Ya yi aiki a fannin kiwon lafiyar duniya da fasahar kere-kere tsawon shekaru 25 da suka gabata. A baya can, ya kasance Darakta na Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Intellectual Ventures Global Good Fund a Amurka, Shugaban Shirin Malaria da Cutar Cutar Kwalara a FIND a Geneva, kuma ya kasance Jami’in Kiwon lafiya da Masanin Kimiyya a Cututtuka masu Yaduwa a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. A halin yanzu yana tuntuɓar fasahar kere-kere da kuma lafiyar jama'a ta ƙasa da ƙasa ke jagorantar aikin REPPPARE akan tushen shaidar da ke tattare da ajanda a Jami'ar Leeds, kuma babban malami ne na Cibiyar Brownstone.
Wellington Oyibo
Farfesa Wellington Oyibo kwararre ne kan cututtuka masu zafi, Farfesa kuma mashawarcin Likitan Parasitologist a Kwalejin Magunguna, Jami'ar Legas, Idi-Araba, Legas, Najeriya. Tare da fiye da shekaru biyu da rabi na gwaninta da ke aiki a cikin sararin cututtuka na wurare masu zafi da kuma fiye da takardun 120 da aka buga a cikin mujallolin nazari na ƙwararru, Wellington ya ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga bincike na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi. Shi ne Darakta na Cibiyar Bincike na Canji a Cutar Maleriya da Cututtukan wurare masu zafi (CENTRAL-NTDs) da kuma Ma'aikacin Bioethics na Cibiyar Nazarin Da'a ta Afirka ta Kudu ta NIH (SARETI).
Roger Bate
Roger Bate yana binciken manufofin kiwon lafiya da ci gaba na ƙasa da ƙasa, tare da sha'awa ta musamman ga magunguna da samfuran nicotine. Yana da PhD a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Cambridge kuma a halin yanzu abokin aiki ne a Cibiyar Shari'a da Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya da Cibiyar Brownstone. Rubuce-rubucensa sun bayyana a cikin, da sauransu, New York Times, Lancet, Jaridar Tattalin Arziki na Lafiya da Jaridar Likitan Burtaniya. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Dr Bate ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a Indiya da kasashen Afirka da dama kan illar da lafiyar jama'a ke haifarwa na jabun magunguna da marasa inganci. Ya wallafa takardu sama da dozin biyu na nazari kan matsalar, musamman game da magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Shi ne marubuci ko editan littattafai 14 da kuma labaran mujallu da jaridu sama da 1,000. Manyan muradunsa sun haɗa da manufofin agaji a ƙasashe masu tasowa, kimanta ayyuka da ingancin hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka (musamman FDA da USAID) da hukumomin duniya (musamman Bankin Duniya da WHO).
Youssoupha Ndiaye
Dr. Youssoupha Ndiaye ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar – UCAD (MD), Jami'ar Leeds (MPH) kuma ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin kula da lafiya tare da UCAD – LSHTM. Tsawon shekaru 25 da suka gabata, ya yi aiki a tsarin kiwon lafiya na Senegal, inda ya kai matsayin Darakta a Tsare-tsare, Bincike da Kididdiga da kuma daidaita kawancen dabaru. Ya yi aiki a kasashen duniya a fannin kudi kai tsaye tsakanin gwamnati da gwamnati da dabarun bayarwa. Dr. Ndiaye ya gwada kuma ya buga bincike daban-daban na aiki, kan manufofin lafiya, zazzabin cizon sauro, cutar kanjamau, haihuwa, tabin hankali da lafiyar duniya. Shi kwararren mai tsara dabarun kiwon lafiya ne, mai himma sosai wajen karfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya jagoranci kwamitoci don tsare-tsare da gyare-gyare na kasa a Senegal cikin nasara.
Hector Carvallo
An haifi Héctor Eduardo Carvallo a Buenos Aires, Argentina, a shekarar 1957. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Likitanci ta de Buenos Aires a shekarar 1983, kuma ya kai digirin Adjunct Professor of Internal Medicine a wannan Makarantar, a shekarar 2006. Dr. Carvallo ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ta aiki ga koyarwa, taimakawa da haɓaka ayyukan jin kai, kuma ya yi rubuce-rubuce sosai kan likitancin cikin gida, ilimin halittar jiki da kuma maganin rigakafi. Ya halarci zama mai jawabi da aka gayyata a tarurrukan kasa da kasa da dama, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta City Keys daga Sidney (NE) da Seneca Falls (NY). An kuma ba shi sanarwar daga Majalisar Dattawa ta New York da ke Albany (NY).
Harriet Green
Harriet Green tana da digirin MA mai ban sha'awa a Ka'idar Siyasa da kuma digirin PhD. Bincikenta a fannin Shari'a da Lafiya na Rarraba Duniya ya mayar da hankali kan fayyace Manufar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 3.8 na Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya.
(UHC), tana tantance abin da UHC ya kamata ta samar a matsayin jagorar ci gaban lafiya a duniya. Harriet ta yi aiki tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan manufofi da sake dubawa, inda ta kammala da wani rahoto wanda ya yi nazari sosai kan hanyoyin da ake bi wajen yin bita kan ayyukan da ake gudanarwa. Ta wallafa a kan ci gaban duniya da lafiya.
Lokaci:
Phase 1: A farkon 2026: Rahotanni na farko na fasaha da na siyasa suna yin nazari kan tushen da ya dace da hadin gwiwar kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kasa da kasa da kuma wata hukuma ta kasa da kasa, da tantance WHO a halin yanzu a kan wannan ma'auni, da kuma bayyana shawarwarin gyara ko sauyawa.
Phase 2: A tsakiyar 2026: Cikakken kima na yuwuwar sake fasalin WHO, tsarin da ya dace don sabuwar hukuma bisa manyan bayanai da ra'ayoyi.
