"Maƙaryaci ya fara da sanya ƙarya ta bayyana kamar gaskiya, kuma ta ƙare da mai da ita kanta ta zama kamar ƙarya.Mawaƙi William Shenstone ya taɓa rubutawa.Waɗannan kalmomi da alama za su yi tasiri ga waɗanda ke bin yunƙurin da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ke yi don shawo kan al'ummar da ke daɗa shakku game da kyawawan manufofinta a wani yunƙuri na tabbatar da tsare-tsarenta na sabon tsarin rigakafin annoba a duniya.
Wannan sabon lamari ya zo ne makonni biyu da suka gabata lokacin da Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, Darakta-Janar na WHO, ya yi amfani da matakin duniya na taron gwamnatocin duniya don sake jaddada layin jam'iyyar WHO: cewa har yanzu cutar da cutar ta haifar da barazanar wanzuwa wanda duniya da ba a shirya ba dole ne ta hanzarta shirya kanta ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin WHO da aka gabatar ta hanyar tsarin kula da cutar ta hanyar sabon tsarin kula da lafiya na kasa da kasa (I). Yarjejeniya Kowane ɗayan waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin biyu an tsara za a amince da su ta hanyar hukumar WHO, Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WHA), a cikin Mayu 2024.
Duniya, a cewar Tedros, za ta iya yin barci cikin sauki da daddare idan ba don "manyan cikas biyu na cikar wa'adin [Mayu]."Na farko shine"rukunin batutuwan da har yanzu kasashen ba su cimma matsaya a kai ba"- waɗancan ƙasashe membobin da ba su da ƙarfi suna amfani da haƙƙinsu ba tare da izini ba!littafan karya da ka'idojin makirci game da yarjejeniyar” - mai yiwuwa yana nufin waɗanda suka so MuDonSu, sun ci gaba da yin yunƙurin tayar da damuwa na tushen shaida a shari'a game da girman ban tsoro da abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba na shawarwarin.
Toshewar farko tana fada a cikin kanta: nesa da wannan keɓantaccen damuwa na ɗaya ko biyu Membobin Membobi masu juyayi, da alama duk nahiya ce ke raba wannan tashin hankali, sannan wasu: Ƙungiyoyin da ake kira "Equity Bloc" na ƙasashe sun haɗa da yawancin ƙasashen Afirka. Ma'anar manne kanta ita ma tana bayyana: 'adalci' gajere ne don daidaitaccen damar samun samfuran kiwon lafiya da albarkatu kuma yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa ƙasashe masu tasowa, kusan an yanke su daga samun damar yin amfani da alluran rigakafi, da sauransu, yayin bala'in cutar ta Covid, a fahimta yanzu suna neman garanti don ƙarin 'daidaitan' damar yin amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin warkewa.
A cewar wani mai sharhi a cikin blog post, "Ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna yin duk ƙoƙarin da suke yi don lalata shawarwarin da aka yi na gyara adalci,"kafin ya bayyana hakan"Sakatariyar WHO ita ma tana kan layi daya," mai yiwuwa a kan cewa wannan hanyar fasaha ta tsarin gurguzu daga masu hannu da shuni zuwa matalauta za ta ƙunshi canja wurin dukiya da sanin ya kamata ga masana'antar harhada magunguna. Pharma alheri yana da iyaka, da alama.
Hankali na biyu - yawan karya da ka'idojin makirci - yana nuna wata takaddama game da girman da aka yi niyya da kuma tasirin tsarin cutar ta WHO tun daga ainihin sigar shawarwarin da aka buga a watan Fabrairu 2023.
Mutum baya buƙatar digiri a cikin dokokin duniya (ko da yake kamar yadda ya faru marubucin ya riƙe ɗaya) don fahimtar cewa tasirin shari'a na gyare-gyaren IHR da aka tsara zai kasance don ƙirƙirar sabon umarni da sarrafa tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a wanda kasashe mambobin za su mika wuya ga hukumar da ke daurewa na WHO dangane da gudanar da ainihin ko abin da aka sani na gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a na duniya. Lallai, don fahimtar abubuwan da ke faruwa, mutum kawai ya sami damar karantawa.
Musamman, gyare-gyaren IHR da aka gabatar sun ƙunshi sabbin maganganu waɗanda suka gyara ma'anar 'shawarwari' waɗanda ba su da alaƙa a baya, kuma waɗanda ke da alaƙa da cewa Membobin Membobin za su 'ɗaukar bin' martanin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da WHO ta ayyana, wanda hakan ya ƙunshi ikon bayar da shawarar kulle-kulle, keɓewa, izinin balaguro, gwaji na wajibi, da magunguna na wajibi. Daftarin farko na sabuwar yarjejeniya ta annoba ya ƙunshi alƙawarin da zai buƙaci ƙasashe membobin su aiwatar da kashi 5% na kasafin kuɗin kiwon lafiyar ƙasa don rigakafin kamuwa da cutar ta duniya. (Bayan bacin rai na farko, mun san cewa wannan babban himma na kuɗi daga baya an shafe shi cikin wani babban hakki don samun isasshen kuɗi.)
Wadannan shawarwari ko da yake sun yi kama da rashin tabbas a cikin niyya da tasirin su, don haka ya zama mai ban sha'awa masu sharhi bisa doka, malaman fikihu, Da kuma 'yan siyasa ya daga tutoci game da abin da ake ganin ya zarce a fili daga wannan kungiya da ba a zaɓe ba kuma wadda ba za ta iya aminta da ita ba, wanda ke cin zarafin ƴancin kai da ́yancin kai na gwamnatocin ƙasa da majalisu.
Tedros ya kalleta, zagi a social media a cikin Maris 2023 cewa "babu wata kasa da za ta mika wa hukumar ta WHO wani iko. Muna ci gaba da ganin bayanan da ba daidai ba… game da yarjejeniyar barkewar cutar…da'awar cewa yarjejeniyar za ta mika mulki ga WHO karya ce kawai. Labari ne na karya."
Muhawarar ta ci gaba tun daga wannan lokacin, kuma yayin da damuwar jama'a ta hauhawa - a takaice dai saboda gazawar hukumar ta WHO ta fitar da sabbin daftarorin musamman na gyare-gyaren IHR daidai da jadawalin nata, gazawar da ke kara rura wutar ka'idar cewa za a iya samun wani abu da za a boye - haka ma Tedros' firgicin ya karu, wanda ya kawo karshen jawabinsa na 'karshen karya' a cikin watan Fabrairun da ya gabata. shawarwarin cewa Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwalara "wani iko ne da WHO ta kama,""cewa za ta bai wa hukumar ta WHO ikon sanya dokar kulle-kullen ko alluran rigakafi ga kasashe,""cewa hari ne akan 'yanci,"As"karya mai hatsari,""kwata-kwata, kwata-kwata, karya ce."
To wanene ya dace?
Bayan da aka rasa ranar ƙarshe na nata na Janairu 2024 don buga daftarin gyara na IHR, ba zai yuwu ga jama'a su san ko mafi munin tanadinsa, kamar waɗanda aka ambata a sama, za su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin rubutun ƙarshe da aka gabatar wa WHA a watan Mayu. Kamar yadda daftarin aiki ke tsaye a halin yanzu, duk da haka, yana da wahala a ga yadda Tedros ke yin katsalandan tsakanin rubutun da aka rubuta cikin wajibai na fari da baki, da kuma tunanin cewa ko ta yaya hakan ba zai shafi 'yancin kai na kasa ba.
An yi la'akari da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan Tedros musamman kuma na musamman dangane da Yarjejeniyar Cutar Cutar, kuma saboda kyawawan dalilai: "Yarjejeniyar annoba ba za ta baiwa WHO wani iko akan kowace jiha ko wani mutum ba,” in ji shi kwanan nan a watan Fabrairu, "daftarin yarjejeniyar yana samuwa a gidan yanar gizon WHO ga duk wanda yake son karantawa… kuma duk wanda ya aikata ba zai sami jumla ko kalma ɗaya ba yana baiwa WHO wani iko akan ƙasashe masu iko."
Tedros ya zaɓi kalmominsa a hankali saboda a zahiri ya yi daidai cewa yarjejeniyar cutar ba ta ƙunshi waɗannan tanade-tanaden ba, kuma akwai daftarin wucin gadi na sa (daga Oktoba 2023) akan gidan yanar gizon WHO. Amma kamar yadda duk wanda ya saba da shawarwarin ya sani, tanade-tanaden da suka sabawa ba a cikin daftarin yarjejeniya ba, amma a cikin gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa IHRs wanda Tedros ya yi shiru game da shi kuma babu wani daftarin wucin gadi da ake samu a gidan yanar gizon WHO.
Zargin Tedros na cewa wadanda ke ba da shawarar cewa yarjejeniyar za ta kawo cikas ga ikon kasa ko dai "rashin sani ko karyaIdan Tedros ko WHO na son yin jayayya da wannan tuhume-tuhumen, ya kamata su yi hakan tare da bayyana ra'ayi na shari'a game da tanadin IHR da aka jera a sama.
A ci gaba da tallafa mana marasa ilimi, maƙaryata masu ra'ayin maƙarƙashiya, manufar ɗaukar iko na WHO an fi bayyana su da taimako a cikin wani yanayi. takarda da aka rubuta daya daga cikin manyan gine-ginen gyare-gyaren IHR, Lawrence Gostin, wanda a matsayin darekta na Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar WHO ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "shiga cikin ayyukan WHO don yarjejeniyar bala'i da sake fasalin IHR."
Dalilin da cewa "an sami rashin bin ka'ida da kuma amfani da madogara"a ƙarƙashin tsarin IHR na yanzu a matsayin dalili don nema"canje-canjen doka mai yuwuwa,"Gostin yana buɗewa cikin annashuwa game da gaskiyar cewa manufar gyare-gyaren IHR shine"ainihin sake fasalin tsarin gine-ginen harkokin kiwon lafiya na duniya."
Newm ka'idoji"zai, in ji shi, ganin yadda hukumar ta WHO ta sauya jagorar barkewar cutar zuwa"dokokin dauri," bukatar jihohi "bi"kuma in zama"wanda aka yi masa hisabi."Hakika, ya lura cewa yawancin Jihohi, ciki har da Amurka, sun ba da shawara"yarda"kwamitoci don manufar"haɓaka bin sabbin ƙa'idodin IHR."Ya yi magana a fili game da damuwa game da yuwuwar wannan sabon tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na yin tasiri kan cin gashin kansa, yana fahimtar da"hadaddun ciniki-offs"cikin da kuma gaskiyar cewa"yawancin dokokin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun ragu zuwa ma'auni tsakanin ingantattun matakan kare lafiyar al'umma tare da hani kan cin gashin kai.” Idan mai karatu yana cikin kokwanto, ya tabbatar da cewa duk wannan “.na iya buƙatar duk jihohi su bar wani matakin ikon mallaka don musanya don ingantaccen aminci da gaskiya,” kalmomin da bai kamata su tabbatar da kowa ba.
Batun mulkin mallaka ba shi ne kawai yankin da a bayyane yake cewa bayanan hukumar ta WHO da manyan jami'anta ba su da goyon baya. Halaccin - kamar akwai za a iya cewa ya kasance - na shawarwarin WHO don ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar an ƙaddara su ne a cikin duniyar da ke fama da cutar ta yau da kullun da haɗari: "Tarihi ya koya mana cewa annoba ta gaba ita ce ta yaushe ne, ba idan ba, " Tedros, wani ra'ayi da Daraktan gaggawa na WHO Mike Ryan ya raba wanda, saboda jinkirin jinkirin cimma yarjejeniya kan sabbin rubutun, kwanan nan ya koka da cewa yayin da kasashe mambobin ke tattaunawa. "elves sun kasance a cikin ginshiki suna sarrafa alamun 37,000 na yiwuwar annoba... "
Wannan labarin, duk da haka, ƙwararrun masana da ke Jami'ar Leeds ne suka yi jayayya sosai a cikin wata takarda mai taken "Manufofin Hankali Kan Firgici” sun ba da shawarar cewa tushen hujjar da ke zama ginshiƙi na ajandar mayar da martanin cutar ta WHO ya yi yawa sosai. “[T]yana da bayanai da shaida ba su da tasiri sosai game da hasashen haɗarin cutar ta yanzu,"Sun lura, suna bayyana hakan,"Bayanai sun nuna cewa karuwar barkewar cutar ta dabi'a za a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar ci gaban fasaha a cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike a cikin shekaru 60 da suka gabata… Covid-19, idan da gaske asalin halitta ne, ya bayyana a matsayin wani abu mai ma'ana maimakon wani bangare na yanayin da ke faruwa.. "
Wannan yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don dalilai na shari'a da falsafa ba, har ma na tattalin arziki. Burin rigakafin cutar ta WHO ya ƙunshi babban karkatar da albarkatun daga sauran fannonin manufofin kiwon lafiya zuwa rigakafin cutar; kididdigar da WHO da Bankin Duniya ke amfani da su shawara c. Dala biliyan 31.5 a cikin jimlar kuɗin shekara-shekara don rigakafin cutar, idan aka kwatanta da c. Dala biliyan 3.8 a cikin kudaden da hukumar ta WHO ke bayarwa na shekara-shekara, da kuma dala biliyan 3 a cikin jimlar kudaden da aka kiyasta a duniya don cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ke kashe mutane sama da 600,000 a duk shekara. kusan 500,000 daga cikinsu yara ne.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin kansa, amma kuma saboda akwai shakku cewa masu rike da igiyar jakar ta suna jagorantar alkibla da manufar WHO da yawa. Kasa da kashi 20% na tallafin na WHO ya samo asali ne daga ainihin gudummawar da kasashe mambobin kungiyar ke bayarwa, yawancin kudaden da ta ke bayarwa don takamaiman dalilai ne, yawancinsu daga masu ba da taimako ne masu zaman kansu. Daga cikin wadannan kaso na zaki, gidauniyar Gates ce ta samar da; lallai kungiyar ita ce na biyu mafi girma gaba ɗaya mai ba da gudummawa ga WHO. Wannan kungiyar tana da alakar kudi mai karfi da masana'antar harhada magunguna, wacce ke samun riba sosai daga hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na allurar rigakafin cutar a tsakiyar cibiyar WHO ta kara mai da hankali kan rigakafin cutar.
A cikin 2022 WHO ta kafa gidauniyar ta WHO da nufin jawo ƙarin gudummawar agaji daga ɓangaren kasuwanci. Yin watsi da babbar tambaya game da dacewa da tsarin samar da kudade mai zaman kansa ga kungiyar da ke neman iko mai nisa a kan lafiyar jama'a ta duniya, ko da a kan nata tsarin samfurin yana da matsala: an kafa shi a fili don 'kare' WHO daga yuwuwar rikice-rikice na sha'awa da kuma hadarin da Gidauniyar take yi a cikin gajeren rayuwarta. An zargi na rashin gaskiya da halayya da ke lalata shugabanci nagari.
Don aron wani shahararren marubucin kalmomin, “Amanar marar laifi ita ce kayan aikin maƙaryaci mafi amfani.” kuma haka ya tabbata.
Duk da cewa tsarin samar da kudade na hukumar ta WHO ba boyayye ba ne, amma gaskiyar magana ita ce isar da masana'antar harhada magunguna da dimbin albarkatunta ke nuna cewa babu wani sharhi mai ban tsoro game da alakar hukumar ta WHO a kafofin yada labarai na duniya. Tare da kaɗan daga cikin fahimtar jama'a cewa mutane ɗaya waɗanda ke ba da tallafin WHO suma suna ba da gudummawar miliyoyin fam zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na duniya (a cikin Burtaniya kaɗai, jerin masu ba da tallafin Gidauniyar Gates sun haɗa da Guardian, BBC, da Daily tangarahu da Financial Times), abu ne mai sauƙi ga Tedros da Co's la'antar waɗanda daga cikinmu ke haifar da damuwa a matsayin masu haɗaka masu haɗari su kasance ba tare da ƙalubale ba: ɗauki misali wannan kwanan nan. Guardian yanki, wanda a cikin rashin zargi Tedros's "kwararar labaran karya, karya, da ka'idojin makirci"Mantra a fili ya kasa ambaton hakan, bisa ga jerin abubuwan bayar da gudummawar gidauniyar Gates. Guardian da alama ya karbi dala miliyan 3.5 a cikin 2020 kadai daga wannan kungiyar.
Tare da kafofin watsa labaru suna nisantar wallafe-wallafen ra'ayoyin masu sukar WHO da masu daukar nauyin magunguna, 'yan siyasarmu sun kasance makafi ga yanar gizo na ɓarna, abubuwan da ke haifar da sake fasalin lafiyar jama'a a duniya. Amma tare da wani sashe na ƴan wasan da suka zo kan tebur da hannayensu masu tsafta - babu wani tallafi na kuɗi da ba a bayyana ba ko jakunkuna da kamfanoni masu cin riba suka jawo - ɗayan kuma da hannayensu da ribar magunguna da rawa ga masu ba da kuɗi da ba a bayyana ba, wa zai amince da jama'a idan kawai za a ba su gaskiyar?
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Molly Kingsley babban wanda ya kafa kungiyar bayar da shawarwari na iyaye, UsForThem, kuma marubucin Tambayar Yara. Tsohuwar lauya ce.
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