Yana kara fitowa fili cewa mutane da yawa suna tsoron bunkasa fasahar Artificial Intelligence (AI) cikin hanzari, saboda dalilai daban-daban, kamar yadda ake zaton fifikonsa, idan aka kwatanta da mutane, dangane da sarrafa bayanai da sarrafa bayanai, da kuma yadda ya dace da ingancinsa a wurin aiki, wanda yawancin mutane ke fargabar zai haifar da maye gurbin mafi yawan mutane a kasuwannin aikin yi. Amazon kwanan nan ya sanar da cewa yana maye gurbin mutane 14,000 da robots AI, alal misali. Alex Valdes ya rubuta cewa:
Rahotanni sun ce korar da aka yi mafi girma a cikin tarihin Amazon, kuma ya zo 'yan watanni bayan Shugaba Andy Jassy ya zayyana hangen nesansa don yadda kamfanin zai hanzarta haɓaka ci gabansa generative AI da kuma Wakilan AI. Yanke sune na baya-bayan nan guguwar kora daga aiki a bana kamar yadda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fasaha waɗanda suka haɗa da Microsoft, Accenture, Salesforce da TCS na Indiya sun rage yawan ma'aikatansu da dubbai a cikin abin da ya zama yunƙurin saka hannun jari a AI.
Kada wannan ya zama mai matukar damuwa don jurewa, bambanta wannan tare da sanarwa mai ƙarfafawa, daga mai haɓaka AI, don taya, cewa wakilan AI ba za su iya maye gurbin mutane ba. Brian Shilhavy nunawa cewa:
Andrej Karpathy, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa OpenAI, a ranar Juma'a ya jefa ruwan sanyi kan ra'ayin cewa bayanan sirri na wucin gadi yana kusa da kusurwa. Ya kuma nuna shakku kan zato daban-daban game da AI da manyan masu haɓaka masana'antu suka yi, kamar Dario Amodei na Anthropic da Sam Altman na OpenAI.
Karpathy da ake girmamawa da ake kira ƙarfafa ilmantarwa - wanda za a iya cewa shine mafi mahimmancin fannin bincike a yanzu - 'mummunan,' in ji masu amfani da lambar AI ba su da daɗi kamar yadda mutane da yawa ke tunani, kuma ya ce. AI ba zai iya yin tunani game da wani abu da ba a riga an horar da shi ba.
Kalaman nasa, daga hirar da aka yi da Dwarkesh Patel, sun yi tasiri tare da wasu masu binciken AI da muke magana da su, ciki har da waɗanda su ma suka yi aiki a OpenAI da Anthropic. Sun kuma yi tsokaci da tsokaci da muka ji daga masu bincike a taron kasa da kasa kan koyon inji a farkon wannan shekarar.
Yawancin sukar Karpathy na filin nasa suna da alama sun gangara zuwa batu guda: Duk da yake muna son musanya manyan nau'ikan yare, ba za su iya kamanta da mutane ko ma dabbobi ba ta yadda suke koyo..
Misali, zebras sun tashi suna yawo a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan an haife su, suna nuna cewa an haife su da wasu matakan hankali, yayin da LLMs za su shiga cikin babban gwaji da kuskure don koyan kowace sabuwar fasaha, Karpathy ya nuna.
Wannan ya riga ya kasance mai ta'aziyya, amma don kada tsoron AI ya ci gaba, ana iya kawar da shi ta hanyar yin ƙarin bayani game da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin AI da 'yan adam, wanda, idan an fahimci shi sosai, zai kori gida da fahimtar cewa irin waɗannan damuwa sun fi yawa (ko da yake wasu ba haka ba ne, kamar yadda zan yi jayayya a kasa). Bambancin da ya fi fitowa fili a cikin tambaya shine gaskiyar cewa AI (misali, ChatGPT) ya dogara ne akan sanye take da babban rumbun adana bayanai wanda ya zana a kai don fito da amsoshin tambayoyi, wanda yake ƙirƙira da tsinkaya ta hanyar sanin ƙima. Sa'an nan, kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, ko da mafi ƙwararrun AI dole ne a 'horo' don samar da bayanan da mutum ke nema.
Bugu da ƙari, ba kamar mutane ba, ba ta da damar 'kai tsaye' zuwa ga zahirin ƙwarewa cikin fahimta, yanayin yanayi - wani abu wanda na sha fama akai-akai lokacin da mutanen da suka zana ChatGPT suka fuskanci wasu muhawara. Misali, lokacin da na ba da jawabi kwanan nan kan yadda aikin Freud da Hannah Arendt - kan wayewa da kama-karya, bi da bi - ke ba mutum damar fahimtar halin da ake ciki na kisan gilla a kan tsohuwar al'umma, tare da ra'ayin kafa wata tsakiya, gwamnatin duniya mai sarrafa AI, wani a cikin masu sauraro ya samar da bugu na amsawar ChatGPT ga masu tunani guda biyu, ko a cikin waɗannan masu tunani zai iya yin hakan.
Tabbaci, ya taƙaita aikin da ya dace na waɗannan masu tunani guda biyu daidai gwargwado, amma abin da ake buƙata ya ƙushe shi don nuna yadda ya shafi haɓakar barazanar sarrafa kama-karya a ainihin lokacin. Mai magana da yawuna ya yi amfani da wannan a matsayin filaye don tambayar kaina ikirari game da wannan, a kan zaton cewa amsawar AI bot nuni ne cewa babu irin wannan barazanar. Ba sai an nanata ba, bai yi wuya a yi watsi da wannan ikirari ta hanyar tunatar da shi ChatGPT ta dogara ga samar da bayanan da suka dace ba, yayin da mu ’yan Adam ke da damar yin amfani da na karshen bisa dalilai na kwarewa, wanda na ci gaba da zayyana masa.
Tsoron AI kuma yana samun bayyananniyar magana a cikin almara na kimiyya, tare da tunanin yuwuwar hanyoyin juriya ga injinan AI waɗanda ƙila - ƙila za su yi ƙoƙarin kawar da mahaliccinsu na ɗan adam, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe a cikin finafinan almara na kimiyya, gami da Moore's Battlestar Galactica da Cameron Terminator fina-finai. Ba shi da wuya a nuna cewa irin waɗannan samfurori na al'adun gargajiya sun tsara alamun tsoro na yanzu da suka shafi AI a cikin tunanin tunani, wanda za a iya gani a matsayin crystallisation na damuwa, damuwa da rashin hankali, dangane da abin da Freud ya kira 'maras kyau' (mara lafiya, a Jamusanci; ƙari akan wannan a ƙasa).
Dukansu Moore da Cameron sun yi karin haske game da yuwuwar halittun da basirar fasahar dan Adam suka haifar da su a karshe za su karkata ga masu yin su su hallaka su. A cikin Alex Garland tsohon Machina (2014), kuma, daya shaida wani AI 'fembot' da ake kira Ava, da dabara ta yi amfani da takwarorinsu na ɗan adam har ta kubuta daga tsare da nasu halaka. Babu shakka, waɗannan, da dai sauransu makamancin haka, su ne shaida marar fahimta na tsoro mai ɓoye a kan ɓangaren bil'adama wanda AI ya zama wata barazana ga kasancewarsa. Daidai saboda waɗannan tsoro suna shiga cikin ɗan adam a sume, duk da haka, ba su ne babban dalilin ɗaukar duk wata barazanar da AI ke yi da gaske ba, kodayake sun ƙunshi ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙima.
Babban dalilin game da AI a matsayin halaltacciyar tushen tsoratarwa yayi ba tashi daga AI kamar haka, kamar yadda masu karatu da yawa tabbas sun riga sun sani. Maimakon haka, ya shafi hanyar da 'yan duniya ke niyyar amfani da AI don sarrafa abin da suke gani a matsayin 'masu cin abinci marasa amfani' - sauran mu, a wasu kalmomi. Kuma waɗanda daga cikin mu waɗanda ba su bi tare da manyan tsare-tsarensu na ikon sarrafa duniya gabaɗaya za su faɗa cikin kasancewa 'reprogrammed' cikin yarda da ' tumaki' ta AI:
Yuval Noah Harari ya fito daga inuwar don yin alfahari game da sabuwar fasahar da masana kimiyya ta WEF suka kirkira wacce ya yi gargadin cewa tana da ikon halaka kowane dan Adam a duniya ta hanyar canza su zuwa abubuwan da ba su dace ba.
Harari ya bayyana wanda zai tsira daga babban taron da manyan mutane suka yi ta yi mana gargadi na tsawon shekaru.
A cewar Harari, masu fada a ji a duniya za su ci gaba da rayuwa saboda ‘kwargin Nuhu na fasaha’ yayin da sauran mu za a bar mu a halaka.
A cikin wannan duniyar da ba ta da yawa, ƙwararrun za su sami 'yanci su canza kansu zuwa abubuwan da ba su dace ba kuma su zama alloli da suka rigaya sun yarda da kansu.
To amma da farko masu fada aji suna bukatar kawar da talakawan da ba su yarda da su ba, wadanda ke adawa da tsarin WEF na kyamar rayuwa da rashin tsoron Allah, kuma kamar yadda Harari ke takama da shi, yanzu haka manyan mutane sun umurci fasahar AI da ta 'dabi'a' ta lalatar da mutanen da ba su yarda da su ba ta hanyar sace musu kwakwalwa.
Abin takaici, da'awar Harari ta dogara ne a zahiri kuma WEF tana fitar da fasahar sarrafa hankali yayin da muke magana. Davos ya yi iƙirarin fasahar na iya canza masu laifi, gami da waɗanda ake zargi da aikata laifukan tunani, zuwa ƴan ƙasa masu cikakken yarda da duniya waɗanda ba za su sake nuna adawa ba.
A can kuna da shi - AI zai zama kayan aiki, idan 'yan duniya suna da hanyar su, na tilasta mana mu shiga cikin biyayya. Ba sai an yi nuni ba, hakan na iya faruwa ne kawai idan isassun mutane sun kasa yin tsayayya da shirinsu, kuma idan aka yi la’akari da yawan mutanen da ke nuna adawarsu ga masu son zama sarakunan duniya, hakan ba zai faru ba.
Wata hanyar samun fahimtar tsoron AI ita ce kwatanta shi da abin da aka fi sani da 'boogeyman'. Kamar yadda wasu suka sani, 'boogeyman' (ko 'bogeyman') - wata halitta ce mai ma'auni na tatsuniyoyi, wanda ke ɗaukar siffofi da girma dabam dabam a cikin al'adu da yawa, sau da yawa don tsoratar da yara a matsayin hanyar haifar da kyawawan ɗabi'a - ana gabatar da su daban-daban a matsayin wata halitta mai ban tsoro, mai banƙyama, ko siffar maras kyau. Kamar yadda ɗan ƙaramin bincike ya nuna, kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Ingilishi ta Tsakiya, 'bogge,' ko 'bugge,' wanda ke nufin 'firgita,' ko 'ban tsoro.'
Da yake wani lamari ne na ɗan adam, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa yana da daidaitattun sunaye a yawancin al'adun gargajiya da harsuna a faɗin duniya. Kamar dai harsuna, kwatancen wannan adadi mai ban tsoro yana bambanta sosai, galibi suna kaiwa ga mummunan hali da ban tsoro daga sigar rashin tsari, kamar siffar 'El Coco' a cikin ƙasashen Mutanen Espanya, 'Sack Man' a Latin Amurka, da 'Babau' a Italiya, wani lokaci ana ɗauka a matsayin mutum mai tsayi, mai launin baƙar fata.
Mutumin boogeyman ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'i na Jungian archetype, wanda aka ci karo da shi a cikin sumewar jama'a, wanda mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata daga buƙatar iyaye na tsoratar da yara zuwa biyayya ta hanyar sigar da ba a sani ba. A Afirka ta Kudu, inda nake zaune, wani lokaci yana ɗaukar siffar abin da 'yan asalin ƙasar ke kira 'tikoloshe' – namijin namiji, kuma wani lokacin masifu, siffa dwarfish tare da tsananin sha'awar jima'i. Da yake shi ne archetype, shi ma ya sanya hanyarsa ta zama sanannen nau'i kamar fim mai ban tsoro, yana bayyana kansa a cikin manyan haruffa irin su Freddy Krueger, sanannen 'Mafarki mai ban tsoro a Elm Street. '
Don haka, a wace ma'ana AI yayi kama da 'boogeyman?' Ƙarshen yana da alaƙa da abin da Sigmund Freud ya tuna ya kira ' uncanny,' wanda ya rubuta (a cikin Cikakkun Ayyukan Ilimin Halitta na Sigmund Freud, wanda James Strachey ya fassara, 1974: 3676): '...abin ban tsoro shine ajin ban tsoro wanda ke kaiwa ga abin da aka sani na da da dadewa.'
Wannan ya riga ya nuna abin da ya gano daga baya a cikin wannan maƙala, bayan ya fallasa abin mamaki cewa kalmar Jamus ta 'homely,' a iya fahimta,'a asirce,' ya zama mai ban sha'awa a cikin amfani da shi, ta yadda wani lokaci yana nufin akasin 'gidaje,' wato'.unheimlich' ('marasa gida,' an fi fassara shi azaman 'marasa kyau'). Wannan ra'ayi na 'maras kyau' ya dace da fahimtar abin da nake tunani lokacin da na yi magana game da 'tsoron AI,' ya bayyana a inda Freud ya rubuta (yana nufin wani marubucin wanda aikinsa a kan 'marasa'' ya ɗauka yana da mahimmanci; Freud 1974: 3680):
Lokacin da muka ci gaba da yin bitar abubuwa, mutane, abubuwan da suka faru, abubuwan da suka faru da kuma yanayi waɗanda ke iya tayar da mu a cikin mummuna a cikin wani nau'i na musamman na tilastawa da tabbataccen tsari, abin da ake bukata na farko shine a fili don zaɓar misali mai dacewa don farawa. Jentsch ya ɗauki misali mai kyau sosai 'yana shakkar ko wani abu mai rai da gaske yana raye; ko akasin haka, ko wani abu marar rai bazai zama mai rai a zahiri ba;' kuma yana nuni a cikin wannan haɗin zuwa ra'ayi da alkalumman aikin kakin zuma, ƙwararrun tsana da automata suka yi. To wadannan ya ƙara da uncanny sakamako na farfadiya fits, da kuma na bayyanar da hauka, saboda wadannan zumudi a cikin kallo da ra'ayi na atomatik, inji matakai a aiki a baya talakawa bayyanar shafi tunanin mutum aiki.
Anan, wanda ya riga ya ci karo da wani hali na rashin hankali wanda ya shafi AI a fili - ra'ayin da AI ya yi cewa yana da 'rai.' Hakan ya kasance har ma da na farko, 'kwamfutoci' na farko, kamar wanda ke cikin shirin a kan Dokar Farko, na jerin talabijin na Krzysztof Kieslowski na 1989 game da Dokoki Goma, da ake kira The Decalogue, inda kalmomin, 'Ina nan,' suna fitowa a kan allon kwamfuta lokacin da uba da ɗansa suka yi amfani da ita. Mummunan ma’anar da ke cikin wannan al’amari shi ne, idan ‘yan Adam za su maye gurbin Allah da AI, zai zama bala’i a gare mu, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin gaskiyar cewa uban ya isa ya zama ‘mai hankali’ don aminta da lissafin na’urar kwamfuta na kaurin dusar ƙanƙara da ɗansa ke kan kankara, wanda ya zama kuskure, wanda ya kai ga mutuwar yaron.
Freud ya ci gaba da bincikensa game da yanayin 'maras kyau' ta hanyar ba da kulawa ga aikin ETA Hoffman, wanda labarunsa suka shahara don samar da ma'anar rashin kyan gani, musamman ma labarin 'The Sand-Man' - 'wanda ke zubar da idanun yara' - wanda ke da siffofi, a tsakanin wasu nau'i mai ban mamaki (kuma mai mahimmanci), Olympia mai kyau, mai rai. Daga nan sai ya bayyana shi ta hanyar danganta shi a cikin sharuɗɗan ilimin halin ɗan adam zuwa hadaddun simintin gyare-gyare - haɗe da siffar uba - ta hanyar tsoron rasa idanun mutum (Freud 1974: 3683-3685). Freud ya ci gaba da fassararsa na uncanny a cikin hanyar bayyanawa ta hanyar yin kira ga wasu nau'o'in kwarewa na psychoanalytically, wanda mai zuwa ya bayyana don amfani da AI (1974: 3694):
…a sau da yawa kuma a sauƙaƙa ana haifar da wani mummunan tasiri a lokacin da aka kawar da banbance tsakanin hasashe da zahiri, kamar lokacin da wani abu da muke ɗauka a matsayin hasashe ya bayyana a gabanmu a zahiri, ko kuma lokacin da alama ta ɗauki cikakken ayyukan abin da yake alamta, da sauransu. Wannan lamari ne wanda ke ba da gudummawa ba kaɗan ba ga tasirin ban mamaki da ke haɗawa da ayyukan sihiri.
Ba shi da wuya a tuna da lokutta a cikin ƙuruciyar mutum, Freud ya ƙi, lokacin da mutum ya yi tunanin abubuwa marasa rai, kamar kayan wasan yara (ko masu rai, don wannan al'amari, irin su kare dabba) don su iya yin magana da ku, amma lokacin da ya bayyana ya faru (wanda zai zama abin hasashe, sabanin tunanin ganganci), yana haifar da wani sakamako marar yiwuwa.
Mutum na iya tsammanin abu iri ɗaya ya kasance game da AI, ko a cikin siffar kwamfuta ko robot, kuma a al'ada - watakila a farkon matakin ci gaban AI - tabbas hakan ya kasance. Amma a yau da alama ya bambanta: mutane, musamman ma matasa, sun saba da mu'amala da shirye-shiryen software na kwamfuta, kuma kwanan nan tare da AI chatbots kamar ChatGPT, cewa abin da zai iya zama gwaninta na ban mamaki a baya shi ne, ga kowane dalili, ba haka ba ne. A wannan yanayin, 'maras ban mamaki' ya bayyana a cikin gida.
Tun daga shekarar 2011, in kadai Tare, Sherry Turkle ta ruwaito cewa ta damu da yadda matasa ke nuna karuwar son yin mu'amala da na'urori, maimakon sauran mutane. Don haka, bai kamata a ko da yaushe abin mamaki ba cewa AI chatbots sun ɗauki siffar wani abu 'na al'ada' a fagen sadarwa (wajen barin tambayar matsayin wannan 'sadarwar' da aka fi sani da shi).
Bugu da ƙari kuma - kuma a nan tsoron abin da AI zai iya haifarwa daga ɓangaren mutane masu aminci sun ɗaga kansa - daga rahotanni na baya-bayan nan (kamar wannan) ya bayyana cewa, musamman ma matasa, suna da matukar damuwa ga 'shawarwari' 'chatbots' da shawarwari game da ayyukansu, kamar yadda Michael. Snyder nuni:
AI chatbots na kai hari ga yaran mu akan ma'auni mai yawa, kuma yawancin iyaye ba su da masaniyar cewa hakan na faruwa. Lokacin da kake matashi kuma mai ban sha'awa, samun wani ya gaya maka ainihin abin da kake son ji zai iya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai. AI chatbots sun zama nagartaccen tsari, kuma miliyoyin matasan Amurka suna haɓaka dangantaka mai zurfi da su. Shin wannan nishaɗi ne marar lahani, ko kuwa yana da haɗari sosai?
Wani sabon binciken da Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya & Fasaha ta fitar kwanan nan ya ƙunshi wasu ƙididdiga wanda ya gigice ni kwata-kwata...
Wani sabon binciken da Cibiyar Democracy & Technology (CDT) ta buga a ranar 8 ga Oktoba ya gano cewa 1 a cikin 5 daliban makarantar sakandare suna da dangantaka da AI chatbot, ko kuma sun san wanda ke da shi. A cikin rahoton 2025 daga Media Sense Media, kashi 72% na matasa sun yi amfani da abokin AI, kuma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na masu amfani da matasa sun ce sun zaɓi tattauna batutuwa masu mahimmanci ko masu mahimmanci tare da abokan AI maimakon mutane na gaske.
We ba magana kawai game da wasu keɓantacce lokuta kuma.
At wannan mataki, a zahiri miliyoyi akan miliyoyin matasan Amurka suna da muhimmiyar alaƙa da AI chatbots.
Abin takaici, akwai misalai da yawa inda waɗannan alaƙa ke haifar da mummunan sakamako. Bayan Sewell Setzer mai shekaru 14 ya haɓaka 'dangantakar soyayya' tare da chatbot akan Character.AI, ya yanke shawarar kashe kansa...
Kamar yadda tattaunawar da ta gabata ta nuna, akwai wasu wurare na ayyukan ɗan adam da ba dole ba ne mutum ya ji tsoron AI, sannan akwai wasu waɗanda irin wannan tsoro ya dace, wani lokaci saboda yadda mutane marasa mutunci suke amfani da AI a kan sauran mutane. Amma duk abin da ya faru, hanya mafi kyau don kusanci wurin da ba a sani ba game da damar AI vis-a-vis mutane shine su tunatar da kansu gaskiyar cewa - kamar yadda aka yi gardama a farkon wannan labarin - AI ya dogara ne akan ɗimbin bayanai don zana, da kuma 'horar da' masu shirye-shirye don yin wannan. Mutane ba sa.
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Bert Olivier yana aiki a Sashen Falsafa, Jami'ar Jihar Kyauta. Bert yayi bincike a cikin Psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, falsafar muhalli da falsafar fasaha, adabi, cinema, gine-gine da Aesthetics. Ayyukansa na yanzu shine 'Fahimtar batun dangane da girman mulkin neoliberalism.'
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