A Geneva a karshen watan Mayu a 75th An yi muhawara tare da kada kuri'a a taron hukumar da ke yanke shawara ta WHO, Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHA), gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa ka'idojin kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa (IHRs). Idan har aka amince da hakan, za su baiwa hukumar ta WHO damar yin matsin lamba ga kasashe kan su amince da hukumar ta WHO da manufofin kiwon lafiya idan WHO ta yanke shawarar cewa akwai barazanar lafiyar jama'a da ka iya bazuwa fiye da iyakokin kasar.
A matsayin Ramesh Thakur, mutum na biyu a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tsawon shekaru. ya lura, gyare-gyaren na nufin "haɓakar tsarin mulki na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ma'anar maƙasudi, kasancewarsa, iko da kasafin kuɗi zai dogara ne akan barkewar annoba, mafi kyau."
Wannan shi ne karo na farko a fili na yunkurin juyin mulkin duniya. Zai murƙushe ikon mallakar ƙasa a dukan duniya ta hanyar saka iko na gaske a hannun ƙungiyar masu gudanar da mulki na ƙasa da ƙasa. An dade ana zargin cewa masu fada a ji sun taso a lokacin covid-75 za su yi kokarin karfafa matsayinsu ta hanyar lalata jihohin kasa, kuma wannan XNUMXth jamboree shine hujja ta farko da ta tabbatar da hakan.
Abin da dama to don ganin wanda yake a cikin kulla makirci. Wanene ya tsara gyare-gyare? Menene a cikinsu? Wadanne mutane ne suka goyi bayansu ko suka yi magana a kansu?
SU WAYE Maƙarƙashiyar?
The gyara Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Amurka ta mika wa WHO taron a ranar 18 ga Janairu, WHO ta rarraba zuwa kasashe mambobinta ('Jam'iyyun') a ranar 20 ga Janairu kuma ta gabatar da ita ga WHA. a ranar 12 ga Afrilu.
Shawarwari, a cewar sanarwar ranar 26 ga watan Janairu, sun kasance tare da daukar nauyin Kasashe 19 da Tarayyar Turai. Ko da a ce wasu masu ba da tallafin ba su da hannu kai tsaye wajen tsara su, da dukkansu sun amince bisa manufa babban burin na kara matsawa hukumar ta WHO kan kasashe mambobi a yayin wani taron kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Loyce Pace, Mataimakin Sakatare na HHS kan Harkokin Duniya - jagoran jami'in Amurka wanda ke da alhakin gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar - ya isa gwamnatin Biden tun daga matsayin darektan zartarwa na wata kungiyar bayar da shawarwari da ake kira Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya.
Wannan majalisar tana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates kuma membobinta sun haɗa da Eli Lilly, Merck, Pfizer, Abbott Labs, da Johnson & Johnson. Kuna samun ra'ayin. Ta hanyar ɗayan foxes-juye-kaza-gadi, ya bayyana HHS ya 'yi aiki sosai' akan waɗannan gyare-gyare tare da manyan kamfanonin harhada magunguna, waɗanda za su ɗanɗana kaɗan don ƙarin ƙwazo (karanta: riba) martani ga kowane gaggawar lafiyar jama'a. , na gaske ko na zahiri.
Don haka kulob din da ke kulla makirci ya kunshi gwamnatin Amurka da kawayenta na Yamma da ke kulle-kulle tare da Big Pharma, kuma suna neman tauye ikon gwamnatocin su da na wasu kasashe, mai yiwuwa da ra'ayin cewa manyan kasashen yamma za su yi. gudu.
Me Yake Cikinsu? Blizzard of Acronyms da Euphemisms
Don fahimtar abin da Amurka ta gabatar a WHA, muna buƙatar farko mu fahimci yadda abubuwa suka yi aiki a cikin WHO har zuwa yanzu.
IHRs a cikin tsarin su na yanzu suna aiki a matsayin dokar kasa da kasa tun watan Yunin 2007. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, suna sanya buƙatu ga ƙasashe don ganowa, bayar da rahoto da kuma ba da amsa ga 'al'amuran kiwon lafiyar jama'a da ke damun ƙasashen duniya,' ko PHEICs. Babban daraktan na WHO ya tuntubi jihar da mai yiyuwa ne lamarin lafiyar jama'a ya faru, kuma a cikin sa'o'i 48 ana son cimma matsaya guda kan ko ainihin PHEIC ne ko a'a, ko yana bukatar sanar da shi ko a'a. duniya a matsayin haka, da kuma matakan da za a bi, idan akwai, ya kamata a ɗauka. Yana da gaske tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri akan manyan rikice-rikicen lafiya. Wannan abu ne mai kyau idan mutane ne ke tafiyar da shi wanda za ku iya amincewa da shi kuma idan yana da cak da ma'auni don ƙarfafa halayen haɓakawa.
Canje-canjen da aka gabatar za su ƙarfafa ikon WHO dangane da wannan tushe, ta hanyoyi da yawa.
Na farko, sun rage kofa ga WHO don ayyana dokar ta-baci ta lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar baiwa Daraktocinta na Yanki ikon ayyana wani taron kiwon lafiyar jama'a na yanki damuwa' (PHERC, rubutun namu) da kuma WHO ta fitar da wani sabon abu da ake kira' faɗakarwar lafiyar jama'a ta tsaka-tsaki.
Na biyu, sun ba WHO damar yin la'akari da zarge-zarge game da wani taron kiwon lafiyar jama'a daga majiyoyin da ba na hukuma ba, ma'ana wasu majiyoyi ban da gwamnatin jihar da abin ya shafa, kuma ta ba wa wannan gwamnatin sa'o'i 24 kacal ta tabbatar da zargin da kuma karin sa'o'i 24 don karɓar rahoton. tayin WHO na 'haɗin kai.'
Haɗin kai shine babban abin alfahari ga kima a wurin da ƙungiyoyin masu binciken na WHO suka yi, da kuma matsin lamba na lokaci guda bisa ra'ayin ma'aikatan WHO don aiwatar da matakai masu nisa kamar su kulle-kulle, ƙuntatawa motsi, rufe makarantu, shan magunguna, gudanar da alluran rigakafi da sauransu. duk wani ko duk wasu kayan aikin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da kiwon lafiya da muka zo don haɗawa da circus.
Idan gwamnatin jihar ta amince da ' tayin' na WHO ba ta zo ba, hukumar ta WHO ta ba da ikon bayyana bayanan da take da shi ga sauran kasashe 194 na WHO, yayin da ta ci gaba da matsa lamba ga jihar da ta amince da gayyatar da WHO ta yi mata na 'hadin kai'. Ƙasar da ba ta haɗa kai ba za ta yi kasada ta zama ɗan fariah.
Na uku, shawarar ta hada da wani sabon babi na IV, wanda zai kafa ‘Kwamitin Biyayya’ wanda ya kunshi kwararru shida da gwamnati ta nada daga kowane yanki na WHO da aka dorawa alhakin tada zaune tsaye don tabbatar da cewa kasashe mambobin suna bin ka’idojin IHR.
Akwai ƙarin ketare-fita daga cikin harshen IHR da ke akwai da kuma sabon harshe da aka ƙara a ciki, amma daɗin abin da kawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta ke harbi shine WHO wanda zai iya yanke shawara gaba ɗaya ko akwai matsala da abin da za a yi game da shi, kuma zai iya ware kasashen da ba su yarda ba.
Kasashe mambobi na WHO na iya yin aiki a matsayin masu tallafawa a cikin ƙoƙarin keɓancewa, ta hanyar rarraba kasafin kuɗin kiwon lafiyar su da manufofin 'da suka shafi kiwon lafiya', waɗanda zasu haɗa da hana tafiye-tafiye da kasuwanci. WHO za ta zama wani nau'in cibiyar umarni-da-sarrafa don ajandar ra'ayin duniya, tare da tura kayan amfanin (Yamma) Babban Pharma.
Me yasa kuma Yaya Wannan Zai Yi Aiki?
Mun koyi a lokacin covid dalilin da ya sa zai zama da ma'ana cewa Amurka da kawayenta suna dagewa kan waɗannan gyare-gyare.
Rage mashaya don ayyana barazanar lafiyar jama'a ta duniya (ko yanki) yana haifar da babbar dama ga kamfanonin harhada magunguna na Yamma. Kamar yadda masana shari'a sun lura: "Sanarwar gaggawa ta WHO na iya haifar da ci gaba cikin sauri da kuma rarrabawar duniya da kuma gudanar da bincike na bincike mara izini, magunguna da alluran rigakafi.
Ana yin haka ta hanyar Tsarin Amfani da Gaggawa na WHO (EULP). Gabatar da wani 'tsakiyar faɗakarwar kiwon lafiyar jama'a' musamman zai ƙara ƙarfafa yunƙurin masana'antar harhada magunguna don kunna ƙa'idodin gwajin gaggawa na cikin gida da kuma don siye, samarwa da yarjejeniyar tara kuɗi tare da gwamnatoci kafin wanzuwar takamaiman barazanar lafiya. an gano yawan al'ummar duniya, kamar yadda aka riga aka yi a karkashin EULP ta WHO ta hanyoyin da aka samar don 'lokacin gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a'."
Kuna iya cin amana cewa ƙungiyar kwararru ta WHO da aka aiko don yin kima a ƙasa, ƙarƙashin tutar 'haɗin kai' tare da ƙasar da ke fuskantar taron kiwon lafiya, za su kasance tare da ma'aikata daga CDC da Wanene ya san abin da wasu hukumomin Yammacin Turai, duk ke yin yawo a kusa da wurare masu mahimmanci waɗanda gwamnati mai masaukin baki za ta iya da'awar haƙƙin mallaka na kiyaye kanta. Hakanan tare da 'Kwamitin Biyayya' da Amurka ta gabatar a ƙarƙashin sabon Babi na IV na IHRs: Membobinta da gwamnati ta naɗa suna da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani, wanda ke kunshe a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, don zama masu aiki.
A cikin sharuɗɗan ɗan adam, za a mayar da WHO ta zama ɗan daba na duniya, tare da ba da gudummawar membobinta na membobin ƙungiyar bayan gida.
A matsayin kari ga jiga-jigan Yammacin Turai, shawarwarin wani nau'i ne na sake rubuta tarihi. Ta hanyar ba da izini a cikin wata ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa don tantance wanzuwar rikice-rikicen lafiyar jama'a da kuma kai tsaye mai yuwuwar martanin gaggawa, gwamnatocin Yammacin Turai za su sami damar yin aiki tare da ba da izinin nasu martanin nasu game da barkewar cutar, kamar yadda muka nuna. a baya. Ta haka za a basu kariya daga kalubalen shari'a.
The Refuseniks: Kasashe masu tasowa
Kasashen Yamma ne suka tura shawarwarin: Ostiraliya, Birtaniya da EU sun hada da Amurka wajen yin muhawarar zartas. Kasashe masu tasowa ne suka jagoranci wannan turjiya da suke ganin tamkar wani kwanton bauna ne na ‘yan mulkin mallaka inda za a iya kawar da karfinsu na tsara manufofi da kuma magance barazanar kiwon lafiya ta hanyar da ta dace da yanayin cikin gida.
Rahotanni sun ce Brazil ta yi nisa da barazanar ficewa daga hukumar ta WHO, kuma kungiyar ta Afirka ta kusan kasashe 50, tare da Indiya, sun yi zargin cewa ana yin gyare-gyaren ba tare da tuntuba ba. Kasashen Rasha, China da Iran su ma sun ki amincewa da hakan.
Rashin nasara a farkon gwajin, amma Amurka da kawayenta a Yamma za su sami karin harbe-harbe don ingiza ta.
Ta yaya muke tsammanin za su yi hakan? Da kyau, lokacin da wata shawara ta shiga cikin babbar na'ura kamar hukumar ta WHO, amsar da babu makawa ita ce a kafa kwamitocin da za su yi aiki a bayan fage tare da wani sabon tsari na shawarwari da za a gabatar a wani taro na gaba. A gaskiya an kafa, ana tattara 'ƙungiyar ma'aikata' da 'kwamitin ƙwararru' don karɓar shawarwarin ƙasashe membobin game da sake fasalin IHR a ƙarshen Satumbar wannan shekara. Za a 'zurasu' kuma za a shirya rahotannin da hukumar zartaswar ta WHO za ta yi nazari a kai a watan Janairun shekara mai zuwa. Manufar ita ce a sami sabbin shawarwari akan tebur lokacin da WHA ta yi taro na 77th lokacin 2024.
Ba Duk Aka Rasa ba
Ceto wani abu daga gaskiyar cewa WHA ta gaza samun matsaya game da babban abin da ta ke da shi, Amurka da kawayenta sun sami karamin nasara kan lokacin da za su sake gwadawa - ko da yake a cikin ficewarsu sun bukaci keta na IHRs. dokoki don cika shi. Mataki na 55 na IHRs ya bayyana babu shakka cewa ana buƙatar lokacin sanarwar watanni huɗu don kowane gyare-gyare.
A cikin wannan misali, gyara gyara an gabatar da shi a ranar 24 ga Mayu, ranar da aka ƙi kuri'ar farko. An tattauna wadannan, an kara gyara a ranar 27 ga Mayu sannan aka karbe su a wannan rana. Canje-canjen da aka amince da su sun raba rabin tsawon shekaru biyu don kowane (ƙarin) da aka amince da gyare-gyare ga IHRs don aiwatarwa. (IHRs da suka fara aiki a 2007 an amince da su a cikin 2005 - amma a ƙarƙashin sabon ƙuduri, duk wani abin da aka amince da shi a 2024 zai fara aiki a 2025 maimakon 2026.)
Amma duk da haka, abin da aka cimma dangane da saurin sa ido kan ƙarfin sabbin gyare-gyare ya ɓace a cikin sannu a hankali aiwatar da su. Kasashe za su sami watanni 12 - ninka shawarar da ta gabata na watanni shida - don aiwatar da duk wani gyare-gyare na IHR wanda sabon shiga cikin doka.
Jihar na Play
Ina duk wannan ke tafiya?
Idan WHO ta dauki nauyin yanke shawara game da abin da ke haifar da matsalar lafiya, kuma za ta iya matsa wa kowace kasa lamba a cikin matakan da suka dace da kowane tsari wanda ita, WHO, ta yanke hukunci, hakan bai isa ba. Amma fa idan gayyatar ta na 'haɗin kai' tare da ƙasashe an goyi bayan haƙora, kamar takunkumi a kan waɗanda suka ƙi? Kuma yaya game da idan ta faɗaɗa ma'anar 'lafin lafiyar jama'a' ta hanyar, alal misali, bayyana cewa canjin yanayi yana ƙarƙashin wannan ma'anar? Ko wariyar launin fata? Ko nuna wariya ga mutanen LBTQIA+? Yiwuwar da aka buɗe don gudanar da duniya ba su da iyaka.
Daular 'lafiya' ta duniya za ta kawo babbar illa ga bil'adama, amma iko da kuɗi da yawa suna neman hakan. Kar ka yi tunanin hakan ba zai iya faruwa ba.
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Paul Frijters, Babban Malami a Cibiyar Brownstone, Farfesa ne na Harkokin Tattalin Arziki Lafiya a Sashen Harkokin Siyasa a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Birtaniya. Ya ƙware a cikin micro-econometrics, wanda ya haɗa da aiki, farin ciki, da tattalin arzikin kiwon lafiya Co-marubucin Babban tashin hankali na Covid.
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Gigi Foster, Babban Malami a Cibiyar Brownstone, Farfesa ne a fannin Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar New South Wales, Australia. Binciken ta ya shafi fannoni daban-daban da suka hada da ilimi, tasirin zamantakewa, cin hanci da rashawa, gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, amfani da lokaci, tattalin arziki, da manufofin Ostiraliya. Ita ce mawallafin marubucin Babban tashin hankali na Covid.
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Michael Baker yana da BA (Tattalin Arziki) daga Jami'ar Yammacin Ostiraliya. Shi mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ne mai zaman kansa kuma ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa wanda ke da tushe a cikin binciken siyasa.
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