Dokokin kiwon lafiya na duniya da aka kwashe shekaru da yawa ana yi, kamar yadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima a bara, sun fara aiki ne a ranar 19 ga Satumba. Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwayar cuta, wacce aka amince da ita a watan Mayu, za a buɗe don sanya hannu bayan yarjejeniyar samun damar kamuwa da cututtukan da ake sa ran za a cimma a shekara mai zuwa. Yarjejeniyar annoba ta WHO, kamar yadda aka san takardun biyu, misali ne mai kyau na nau'in shirye-shiryen gudanar da mulki a duniya wanda aka samu daidaito tsakanin masu fafutuka na fasaha, amma ana samun tashin hankali na jama'a. Wasu misalai guda biyu da Shugaba Donald Trump ya ambata a cikin nasa Adireshin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kan 23 Satumba ne shige da fice da kuma sauyin yanayi. Jawabin ya kasance mai faffadan kare yancin kai na kasa da kasa.
Zato mara kyau
Duk da haka, cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ba a cika samun su ba waɗanda, idan aka kwatanta da cututtuka masu yaduwa da cututtuka na yau da kullun, suna sanya ƙarancin nauyin cuta. Dalilin yarjejeniyar ya ta'allaka ne akan fahimtar ƙaryar cewa haɗarin annoba yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri, galibi daga haɓaka abubuwan da suka faru na zoonotic wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke motsawa daga dabbobi zuwa mutane. Kyakkyawan zato cewa Covid ya taso daga riba-na-aiki bincike da leb leak ya musanta kashi na biyu na wannan hujja.
Hakanan ana yin la'akari da hasashen karuwar haɗarin cutar ta hanyar aiki daga aikin Jami'ar Leeds. Sun nuna cewa rahotannin WHO, Bankin Duniya, da G20 da ke goyan bayan ajandar cutar ba sa goyon bayan ikirarin hukumomin. Bayanai sun nuna raguwar mace-mace da barkewar cutar a cikin shekaru goma kafin 2020. Yawancin 'ƙarin' da aka yi rikodin a cikin al'amuran suna nuna ingantattun fasahohin bincike, ba sau da yawa ba kuma mafi muni.
Manyan cututtukan da suka gabata kamar zazzabin rawaya, mura, da kwalara na ci gaba da raguwa gaba ɗaya. Jadawalin tarihin annoba ya nuna cewa ingantuwar tsaftar muhalli, tsafta, ruwan sha, maganin rigakafi, da sauran nau'o'in fadada hanyoyin samun ingantacciyar lafiya sun rage yawan cututtuka da mace-macen cututtuka tun bayan kamuwa da cutar ta Sipaniya (1918-20) inda aka yi imanin mutane miliyan hamsin sun mutu.
Bisa lafazin Duniyar mu a Data, a cikin shekaru 105 tun bayan cutar mura ta Sipaniya, jimillar duka 10-14 miliyan mutane sun mutu a cikin cututtukan da suka hada da Covid-19. Don sanya wannan a mahangar, a cikin 2019 kadai, kusan mutane miliyan takwas ne suka mutu daga cututtukan da ba na COVID-19 ba. Wasu miliyan 41 kuma sun mutu sakamakon cututtuka marasa yaduwa. A cikin shekaru biyar na 2020-2024, an sami rahoton mutuwar mutane miliyan 7.1 da ke da alaƙa da Covid. Tsare-tsare kan lamuran daga 2000-2019, a cikin shekaru biyar na 2020-24, da mun yi tsammanin kusan mutuwar mutane miliyan 35 daga cututtukan da ba na Covid-19 ba da kuma wani miliyan 220 daga waɗanda ba za su iya yaɗuwa ba; wato cututtuka masu tsanani.
Lissafi na jami'ar Leeds REPPARE aikin Hakanan ya nuna yadda manyan ikirari na makudan kudade daga cututtukan cututtuka ke ƙaruwa yayin da ake rage farashin cututtukan cututtuka. Ƙaddamar da keɓe, tushen yarjejeniya, da injunan injunan ƙasa da ƙasa don shiryawa cutar mai raɗaɗi na barkewar cutar da ba ta wuce lokaci ba zai karkatar da fifikon lafiyar jama'a tare da karkatar da ƙarancin albarkatu da ƙarancin kulawa daga mafi gaggawar lafiya da sauran manufofin. Wannan mummunan manufofin jama'a ne wanda ya gaza ainihin gwajin ƙididdiga na fa'ida.
Fadada iko da Ƙarfafa albarkatu ga WHO
Covid ya ga nasarar juyin mulki wanda ya raba zababbun gwamnatocin tare da kwararrun da ba a zaba ba a matsayin masu tsara manufofin gaskiya. Yarjejeniyar cutar ta ba da ikon doka ta WHO don ayyana wani lamari na gaggawa ko kamawa da kuma ikon sarrafa albarkatun don kansa daga ƙasashe masu iko da kuma karkatar da albarkatun da masu biyan haraji na wata ƙasa ke bayarwa zuwa wasu jihohi, bisa ga abin da shugaban na WHO kaɗai ya ɗauka kawai haɗarin yuwuwar lahani.
Gwamnatoci da yawa suna jayayya cewa wasu batutuwa kamar sauyin yanayi, tashin hankalin bindiga, da wariyar launin fata suma sun zama abubuwan gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a. Wadannan za su kara fadada ayyukan hukumar ta WHO. Bugu da ƙari, yarjejeniyar cutar ta ƙulla yarjejeniya ta Lafiya ɗaya wadda ta haɗa da lafiyar dabbobi.
A daidai lokacin da ake ci gaba da nuna rashin jin dadin jama'a game da fadada tsarin gudanarwa da kuma fitar da shi zuwa ga duniya, yarjejeniyoyin sun sanya wasu bukatu don kara wasu allunan a cikin tsarin gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kwamitin jam'iyyun jihohi, da kuma kwamitin fasaha, don saduwa kowace shekara don sa ido kan aiwatarwa; ƙungiyoyin da za su yi aiki a matsayin 'Ikon' na ƙasa da 'Mahimmin Bayani' don aiwatarwa da daidaita matakan kiwon lafiya a cikin ƙasashe; tuntuɓar ƴan asalin ƙasar; da kuma wani taron jam'iyyu (COP) da za su hadu duk bayan shekaru biyar don nazari da karfafa aiwatar da yarjejeniyar.
Ana kuma buƙatar ƙasashe su gabatar da rahotanni na lokaci-lokaci kan matakan aiwatarwa, kiyayewa ko haɓaka kudade na annoba, da tattara ƙarin albarkatu don ƙasashe masu tasowa. Don wannan karshen, za a kafa tsarin hada-hadar kudi. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma bukaci jihohi da su samar da ingantaccen bita na tsari da ba da izinin kayayyakin kiwon lafiya masu alaka da cutar, sabanin da ke halartar izinin amfani da gaggawa na rigakafin mRNA Covid duk da haka.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da ɓarna da ɓarna za su haifar da cece-kuce, kuma duk da cutarwa da dawwama ga gadon wannan yayin Covid. Gaskiyar rashin yarda, ra'ayoyi daban-daban, da ingantaccen muhawarar kimiyya an ɓoye su daga mutanen da ba su amince da gwamnatoci da masana ba, kamar yadda suka yi a gaban Covid, don daidaitawa da su.
Jay Bhattacharya, yana magana a taron Conservatism na kasa a Washington DC a ranar 3 ga Satumba a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa, ya tuna cewa a cikin 2020-21, a cikin abokansa masana kimiyya, akwai.
'sun kasance da yawa daban-daban ra'ayoyi. Amma matsalar ita ce muhawarar kimiyya da kuka cancanci ku ji a cikin 2020 da 2021 - an hana ku, saboda 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki ya ba da tabbacin cewa an kwashe wannan ƙasa ta yau da kullun… Gyaran Farko ya kasance mataccen wasiƙa a lokacin bala'in.'
WHO ta yi imani da ' kimiyya na sarrafa infodemics' (na jaddadawa). Matsayinta na jagorar jagora a cikin rukunin masana'antu ta duniya wanda ya ƙunshi gwamnatoci, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai na gado, kafofin watsa labarun, da dandamali na fasaha ya sanya farashi mai yawa ga WHO a cikin ruɓar amincewar jama'a. Babban matsalar ita ce rashin yarda, ba rashin fahimta ba. Bayanan da aka sarrafa ba shine mafita ba. A akasin wannan, zai kara tsananta pathology.
Hukuncin Tarihi
Ba shi yiwuwa a san yadda masana tarihi za su tantance kwarewar Covid a cikin cikakken lokaci kan ma'aunin yarda da aka sanar, ka'idar ka'idar likitanci. A zahirin ma'ana, zaɓaɓɓe da fitar da bayanai da aka yi amfani da su sun tabbatar da cewa an lalata sanarwar yarda zuwa cikin rashin fahimta da rashin yarda. Matsakaicin girman shekarun bayyanar haɗarin mace-mace daga cutar an san shi, ko kuma ya kamata kowace hukuma mai ƙwazo da ƙwararrun kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta san ta. Yin watsi da wannan da gangan da dabarun manufofin da aka yi niyya ga ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari, tsoro na duniya ya tashi sama da ginshiƙi akan sikelin Richter na firgita tare da taƙaitaccen bayanin manema labarai na yau da kullun kan sabbin lamuran, asibiti, mace-mace, da matakan tsarewa.
Cikakkun raguwar haɗarin ya ruguje tare da rugujewa zuwa raguwar haɗarin dangi wajen nuna ingancin 'kashi 95' na alluran rigakafi. Haka kuma game da babban canji a cikin nahiyoyi. An yi zato na jarumtaka kan fa'idodin magunguna da ba na magunguna ba daidai da mafi munin yanayi na kiyama na ba da wuri ba, da wuya, da tsayin daka wajen mayar da martani ga babbar barazana.
Ba a yi wa wadanda ke da alhakin tada hankali ba. Madadin haka, manyan jami’an kiwon lafiya da ke kula da barkewar cutar sun sami karramawa ga jama’a, karin girma ga gwamnoni, da kuma karramawar kasa baki daya, yayin da masu sukar su, har da wadanda aka tabbatar da muryoyin rashin amincewarsu a yanzu, an zarge su da rashin da’a da hadari, an kore su daga aiki da kuma dandalin jama’a, kuma galibinsu a gefe.
Jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kasa da na duniya da kwararru ne suka yi shawarwari kan yarjejeniyar cutar ta WHO da suka rufe al'ummomi tare da sanya takunkumin rufe fuska da allurar rigakafi. Shekarun Covid sun ba su ɗanɗano manyan abubuwan gani da kuma ikon da ba a taɓa gani ba don mamaye manufofin jama'a da hankalin kafofin watsa labarai da ba da umarni waɗanda dole ne a bi su ga jama'a gabaɗaya, gami da sanya kowa a cikin gidan kama a ƙarƙashin lamuni na 'kullewa.'
Firayim Minista da ministocin kiwon lafiya sun ba su girma da girma, kafofin watsa labarai sun ba su zakoki kuma suna girmama su. Abubuwan da ke cikin sirri da na sana'a na malaman kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun fi dacewa ta hanyar gamsar da gwamnatoci da mutane cewa yawan haɗarin kamuwa da cutar yana ƙaruwa kuma yana ƙaruwa. Gina juriya a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya game da firgici na gaba yana buƙatar ƙarin albarkatu da iko ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, masu fasaha, da masana.
Ko kuwa da gaske muna tsammanin su ce haɗarin kamuwa da cuta yana da ƙanƙanta kuma ana iya samun su ta hanyar kasafin kuɗi da tsare-tsare na hukumomi, sannan su shuɗe a hankali su koma cikin inuwar pre-Covid? Tambaya shine amsa.
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Ramesh Thakur, Babban Babban Masanin Cibiyar Brownstone, tsohon Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne, kuma farfesa na farko a Makarantar Siyasa ta Crawford, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya.
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