Kwanan nan ne Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da kariya kan keta ka’idojinta na shari’a ta hanyar gabatar da daftarin gyare-gyare ga dokokin kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa (IHR) domin kada kuri’a a taron lafiya na duniya karo na 77 (WHA) a wannan watan Mayu. Hakan dai ya kasance ne a matsayin martani ga matsaloli daban-daban da aka taso a majalisu da kungiyoyin farar hula. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda (i) wajen yin watsi da sharuddan doka da kuma gaggawar jefa ƙuri'a WHO tana jefa lafiyar duniya da tattalin arziƙin duniya cikin haɗari, (ii) Hukumar ta WHO tana aiki kamar ƙaramin yaro, wanda ke nuna ƙungiyar ba ta dace da aikinta ba.
Rush Ba tare da Dalili ba
Fiye da watanni goma sha takwas, ana tattaunawa a hukumar ta WHO kan wasu takardu biyu da aka yi niyyar sauya yadda ake gudanar da cututtuka da barazanar annoba, tare da daidaita daidaito da yanke shawara tare da WHO. Tun daga farkon watan Mayu, gyare-gyare ga Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya na 2005 (IHR) da wani sabo Yarjejeniyar annoba, har yanzu ana tattaunawa a Ƙungiyar Aiki akan gyare-gyare ga Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (WGIHR) da Ƙungiyar Tattaunawar Gwamnati (INB) bi da bi. Duk da cewa hukumar ta WHO ta yi mummunar bayyani kan shaidar da suke da ita kan yawaitar bullar cutar da kuma hadarin annoba, wadanda ke raguwa cikin shekaru daya zuwa ashirin da suka gabata, wadannan suna ci gaba cikin gaggawa.
Tare da barkewar Covid-19 da aka nuna mai yiwuwa sakamako daga hanyoyin da ba na dabi'a ba (samun aiki bincike) da a WHO nazari Daga cikin tasirin littafin da martani mai cike da rudani ba har sai 2030, ƙungiyoyin sasantawa na ƙasa da WHO suna ci gaba da sa ido kan yawan jama'a tare da yin alluran rigakafi da alluran rigakafin da za su yi. ba a sha gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na al'ada.
Wannan a fili bai dace ba ta fuskar kiwon lafiyar jama'a amma, watakila idan aka yi la'akari da wannan, duk baƙon ne a cikin cewa WHO ta keta ƙa'idodinta na doka don ci gaba da jefa kuri'a kan waɗannan a cikin makonni uku kacal. Hukumar ta WHO har yanzu tana shirin kasashe mambobinta su kada kuri'a a kansu ajanda na wucin gadi na 77th WHA ba tare da takaddu ba.
Wannan kuri'ar da aka shirya ba ta mutunta Mataki na 55(2) na IHR na yanzu wanda ya bayar:
Mataki na 55 gyare-gyare
1. Duk wani ɓangare na Jiha ko Darakta-Janar na iya gabatar da gyare-gyare ga waɗannan Dokokin. Irin waɗannan shawarwari don gyare-gyare za a gabatar da su ga Majalisar Lafiya don la'akari da ita.
2. Darakta-Janar za a sanar da saƙon duk wani gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar ga duk sassan Jihohi aƙalla watanni huɗu kafin Majalisar Kiwon Lafiyar da aka gabatar da ita don dubawa.
'Yan siyasa, masana ilimi, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da kungiyoyin farar hula sun nuna damuwa game da wannan bakon yanayi. Kwanan nan bude wasika yin kira ga hukumar ta WHO da kasashe mambobinta da su dakatar da shirin aiwatar da rubuce-rubucen biyu ya samu amincewar fiye da 13,000 na 'yan ƙasa daga ƙasashe da yawa. Daya Majalisar Turai ya jefa kuri'a don jinkirta kuri'un a WHA kuma ya mutunta tsarin doka (yana da, bayan haka, mai hankali ne kawai a sake duba wata yarjejeniya mai sarkakiya da sarkakiya kafin sanya hannu). Dukkan Sanatocin Republican 49 sun sanya hannu harafi mai ƙarfi A ranar 1 ga Mayu yana kira ga Shugaba Biden da ya janye goyon bayan Amurka ga duka daftarin rubutun da kuma nuni ga cin zarafin labarin 55(2).
Wataƙila don mayar da martani ga damuwa daban-daban da aka taso, Sakatariyar IHR kwanan nan ta sabunta ta Tambaya&A sashin layi, tare da da'awar cewa WHO ta cika buƙatun labarin 55(2), kamar yadda ke ƙasa:
A cikin cika sharuddan Mataki na 55(2), Sakatariyar WHO ta rarraba duk shawarwarin yin gyare-gyare ga hukumar ta IHR a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2022, wasu watanni 17 gabanin taron Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta saba'in da bakwai, wanda zai fara a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2024, lokacin da aka ba da shawarar yin nazari.
Bugu da kari, Sakatariyar IHR har ma da'awar cewa ta wuce bukatun fasaha a karkashin Art. 55 (2) IHR ta hanyar sadarwa "duk canje-canjen da aka gabatar ga waɗannan [308] gyare-gyaren da ƙungiyar tsara WGIHR ta haɓaka, zuwa ga dukkan Jam'iyyun Jihohi 196, bayan kowace taron WGIHR.. "
Koyaya, bayanan gaskiya na takaddun WHO masu dacewa yana nuna sauƙin cewa waɗannan da'awar ba su da lahani. Canje-canjen da aka gabatar sama da watanni 17 da suka gabata, gabaɗaya, ba su wanzu. Canje-canjen da aka cimma bayan kowane zagaye na shawarwari kuma an yi gyara, maye gurbinsu, ko share su. Canje-canjen da ake yi a halin yanzu ya samo asali ne na watanni na yin bita, sasantawa, da sake magana don canza ma'ana bisa ga umarnin Jam'iyyun Jiha.
Yin iƙirarin cewa babu sauran kalmomin kuma ba za a jefa ƙuri'a a kai ba ya cika abubuwan da ake buƙata don Membobin Kasashe don yin bitar rubutu kafin jefa ƙuri'a, yin watsi da rubutun da za a gudanar da su a zahiri, kuma yana sanya ayar tambaya kan muhimmancin tsarin WGIHR gaba ɗaya. Abu ne mai matukar takaici da matukar damuwa ganin wata kungiya ta duniya kamar WHO tana yin irin wannan rashin mutunta mutanen da ya kamata ta yi aiki, kuma watakila tana fadin abubuwa da yawa game da matsalolin da ke damun lafiyar jama'a a duniya.
WHO ta zayyana gyare-gyaren da aka yi niyya ƙarƙashin wajibcinta daga shawarar WHA 75(9) da yanke shawara A/WGIHR/1/5
A zahiri, lokacin da WHO ta rarraba kunshin gyare-gyare 308 da aka yi niyya a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2022, ƙungiyar kawai ta cika aikinta a ƙarƙashin yanke shawara na 75th WHA - Hukuncin WHA 75(9) para 2 (c) - karɓa a cikin Mayu 2022.
Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta saba'in da biyar (…) ta yanke shawarar (…):
(2) dangane da gyare-gyaren da aka yi niyya ga Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (2005):
(c) don gayyatar gyare-gyaren da aka tsara don gabatar da su ta 30 Satumba 2022, tare da duk irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren da Darakta-Janar ya sanar da su ga dukkan Jam'iyyun Jihohi ba tare da bata lokaci ba;
Wannan shawarar ta gayyaci Jihohi da su gabatar da shawarwarinsu na gyare-gyare kafin ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2022. Tattaunawar kalmomin kalmomi (nayyana sadarwar hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da Ofishin Jakadancin Jiha) an buga su akan layi a cikin duka biyun. harsuna na asali da kuma Turanci, mai suna "Ayyukan gyare-gyare ga Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (2005) da aka gabatar bisa ga shawarar WHA75 (9) (2022)". Shafukan murfin su sun nuna cewa an buga waɗannan takaddun bisa ga shawarar da WGIHR ta yanke a taronta na farko a ranar 14-15 ga Nuwamba 2022, kamar yadda aka ruwaito. takarda A/WGIHR/1/5:
3. (a) Sakatariya za ta buga gyare-gyaren da aka tsara a kan layi, kamar yadda Membobin ƙasashe suka gabatar sai dai idan ƙasashe membobin da ke ƙaddamarwa sun sanar da su; Bugu da kari, Sakatariyar za ta kuma buga kan layi wani labarin-bi-yarjejeniya na gyare-gyaren da aka tsara, kamar yadda kasashe membobi suka ba da izini, a cikin harsunan hukuma guda shida, ba tare da ba da shawarar shawarwari ga Membobin kasashe suna ba da shawarar su ba.
WGIHR ya zarce na 65 na WHA don yin cikakken bayani kan yanayin sadarwa na gyare-gyaren da aka yi niyya - kan layi da a cikin tari, a cikin duk harsuna shida na hukuma. Don haka, buga ta yanar gizo na tattara gyare-gyaren da WHO ta yi wata rana sakamakon waɗannan ƙudiri ne, ba na amfani da labarin 55(2) IHR ba.
An Yi watsi da Farkon Nufin Girmama Mataki na 55(2) IHR
Bugu da kari, da yawa muhimman takardu sun nuna cewa a farkon wannan tsari, duk WHO, WGIHR, da Kwamitin Bita na IHR (wani kwamitin kwararru da aka kafa daidai da labarin 47 IHR don nazarin sakamakon WGIHR) sun tuna da bukatu na labarin 55(2) kuma sun yi niyya don girmama shi.
Komawa cikin Oktoba 2022, a taronta na farko a ranar 14-15 Oktoba 2022, WGIHR ta ɗauki hanyar aikinta (takarda A/WGIHR/1/4) wanda ya kafa nasa rahoto da tsarin lokaci:
Bisa ga shawarar WHA75(9), Ƙungiyar Aiki za ta ba da shawarar kunshin gyare-gyaren da aka yi niyya don la'akari da Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Saba'in da Bakwai, daidai da Mataki na 55 na Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (2005).
(sakin layi na 6)
Na dabam, da Terms of Reference na Kwamitin Bita na IHR ya kuma bayyana a sarari fatan WGIHR ya kai ga kunshin gyare-gyare na karshe nan da Janairu 2024, wanda zai baiwa Jihohi watanni hudu su sake duba su kafin 77th WHA a watan Mayu 2024.
15 Disamba 2023: Kwamitin Bita ya ci gaba da kasancewa "kwanciyar hankali" a lokacin 2023, kuma za a sake zama a cikin Disamba 2023, don sake duba kunshin gyare-gyaren da WGIHR ta amince da shi, da nufin gabatar da shawarwarin fasaha na ƙarshe ga DG kafin tsakiyar Janairu 2024.
Janairu 2024: WGIHR ta gabatar da kunshin karshe na gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar ga DG wanda zai sadar da su ga dukkan Jam'iyyun Jihohi daidai da Mataki na 55.2, don la'akari da Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta saba'in da bakwai.
Sharuɗɗan Magana don haka babu shakka suna komawa ga kunshin ƙarshe na gyare-gyaren da aka tsara; wato, gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa IHR a cikin su magana ta ƙarshe wanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da su ta hanyar WHA.
Waɗannan takaddun sun nuna cewa "kunshin gyare-gyare" da aka shirya don dubawa da jefa ƙuri'a ya kamata ya zama rubutu na ƙarshe na duk wani gyare-gyaren da aka tsara wanda WGIHR ya umarta ta kai. Kamar yadda ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin ba da shawara da tallafawa duka WGIHR da Kwamitin Bita na IHR, WHO na da alhakin ba da shawarar waɗannan don mutunta ƙa'idodi, matakai, lokutan lokaci, da umarni. Koyaya, tattaunawar tsakanin WGIHR har yanzu tana ci gaba da ƙasa da wata guda kafin kada kuri'a, tare da sabon daftarin aiki wanda aka saki a ranar 16 ga Afrilu. Idan har yanzu WHO na da niyyar ba da shawara ga WHA don keta ka'idojin doka a karshen watan Mayu, za a iya kaucewa cin amanar kasashen Membobi da sauran jama'a. WHO za ta yi izgili game da tsarinta na ciki.
Kira ga WHO da Jihohi 196 ga IHR don mutunta Mataki na 55(2)
A halin yanzu babu ƙara yawan bullar cutar ko annoba kuma nauyin fashewar yanayi, dangane da wasu nauyin cututtuka, ƙananan ne. Yawancin ayyukan da ake gabatar da su a cikin takaddun bala'in - kulle-kulle, rigakafin jama'a, da kuma "dukkanin gwamnati, al'umma gabaɗaya" rugujewar tattalin arziki da kuma kawar da haƙƙin ɗan adam don mayar da martani ga ƙarancin nauyi ko barazana kawai - ba a nuna cewa suna da fa'ida ba. Bayyanar rikice-rikice na sha'awar da ke damun yarjejeniyoyin, tare da masu tallafawa na WHO suna cikin waɗanda za su ci gajiyar tsarin da aka tsara, ba a magance su ba. Akwai tabbataccen haɗari cewa karkatar da albarkatun zai lalata lafiyar gabaɗaya.
"Nemo est supra leges” – Babu wanda ya fi karfin doka, al’ummominmu sun kafu a kan haka, dole ne a lura da mutunta doka daga shugabanni da masu yanke shawara, da’awar karya da rashin imani na lalata amanar jama’a.
Shawara mai hankali a wannan yanayin shine saita sabon ranar ƙarshe, kamar ƙarshen Mayu, don sabon lokacin bita na watanni 4. Babu wani abu da ya hana hukumar ta WHO kiran wani zama na musamman na WHA daga baya a wannan shekara don kada kuri'a kan irin wannan kunshin na karshe idan har aka cimma. Menene zai iya bayyana wannan gaggawar da wannan raini don keta labarin 55(2) IHR? Me yasa WHO ke ganin ya dace cewa Membobinta kada su sami lokacin da doka ta buƙata don duba takaddun da ke nufin ɗaure su?
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David Bell, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likitan lafiyar jama'a ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu a cikin lafiyar duniya. David tsohon jami'in kiwon lafiya ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shugaban Shirin Malaria da cututtukan zazzabi a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma Daraktan Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Duniya na Intellectual Ventures a Bellevue, WA, Amurka.
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Dokta Thi Thuy Van Dinh (LLM, PhD) ya yi aiki a kan dokokin kasa da kasa a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Drug da Laifuka da Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Daga baya, ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi don Intellectual Ventures Global Good Fund kuma ta jagoranci yunƙurin haɓaka fasahar kiwon lafiyar muhalli don ƙananan albarkatun ƙasa.
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