Tsarin lokaci: asalin kusancin SARS-CoV-2 ⋆ Cibiyar Brownstone Emily Kopp

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"Tsarin kusancin SARS-CoV-2" yana ɗaya daga cikin labaran kimiyya mafi tasiri a tarihi.

A watan Fabrairun 2020 - kusan wata guda kafin a sanar da barkewar cutar - manyan masana kimiyyar kwayar cutar guda biyar sun taru don bincikar bangarorin cutar sankara da ke fitowa da sauri wanda da alama ya fara kamuwa da kwayar halittar dan adam. Musamman ma, wani nau'i na musamman da ake kira rukunin furin cleavage ya haifar da damuwa, har ma Rikici daya daga cikin masu binciken kwayoyin cuta ya tashi har dare. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, likitocin virologist sun yanke shawarar cewa ba a yi amfani da kwayar cutar ba. A cikin Maris, an buga sakamakon su a cikin Yanayin Magunguna.

"Ba mu yi imani cewa kowane nau'in yanayin da ya dogara da dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da kyau ba," in ji labarin.

Labarin ya tabbatar wa da yawa daga cikin kafofin yada labarai, Washington da sauran al'ummomin cututtukan da ke yaduwa cewa babu bukatar yin bincike a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje a cibiyar barkewar cutar a Wuhan, China. Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan sananne ne don bincike kan coronaviruses-kamar SARS, gami da binciken riba-na-aiki. Ko da yake "haɗin kai" ba takarda ba ne, an buga labarin a cikin jarida 2,127 sau.

Ya ɗauki watanni 15 da kuma ƙarar Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai bayyana cewa kowane marubucin biyar ya bayyana damuwa na sirri game da aikin injiniya ko kantin Wuhan Cibiyar Nazarin Virology na coronaviruses da kuma aiki a cikin ƙananan matakan kare lafiyar halittu.

Hakanan damuwa: A sirrin tarho ya tsara farkon rubutun labarin. Amma masana kimiyya da yawa a kan kiran suna da rikice-rikice na sha'awa da ba a bayyana ba.

Daraktan Wellcome Trust Jeremy Farrar ne ya shirya taron wayar tarho bisa bukatar Cibiyar Kula da Allergy da Cututtuka ta Kasa Anthony Fauci.

NIAID ta ba da tallafin Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan - hakika an sanar da Fauci a ƙarshen Janairu. Mintuna kadan bayan sanar da daya daga cikin masu binciken kwayar cutar don samun aikin bincike da ake gudanarwa a Wuhan, Fauci ya aika da wani mataimaki don sanin ko cibiyarsa ta dauki nauyin wannan aikin. Fauci yana tattaunawa da Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa da Fadar White House kusan kowace rana a wancan lokacin, jadawalinsa ya nuna.

Hakanan gabatar akan kiran don "shawara da jagoranci"amma ba a bainar jama'a ba: darektan Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa Francis Collins.

Marubuta biyu sun kasance daga baya samu don samun tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Wuhan ko abokin tarayya na Amurka, EcoHealth Alliance.

Christian Drosten, fitaccen masanin ilimin halittu wanda ya halarci taron wayar tarho, an taɓa jera shi azaman ɗan takara a cikin aikin "farauta" EcoHealth Alliance ne ke jagoranta.

Ron Fouchier, wani masanin ilimin halittu wanda ya tsara mahimman ra'ayoyin labarin ba tare da bashi ba, yana kama da Injiniya mai rikitarwa.

Marubutan labarin “tushen kusanci” su ne Scripps Research virologist Kristian Andersen, Jami’ar Sydney masanin ilimin halittar dan adam Edward Holmes, Tulane School of Medicine virologist Robert Garry, Jami’ar Edinburgh virologist Andrew Rambaut da kuma masanin ilimin halittu na Jami’ar Columbia Ian Lipkin.

Wani masanin cutar jijiyoyi ba ya nan.

Ga Farrar, Holmes da Andersen, aikin wani masanin ilimin halittar ɗan adam ɗan Amurka ya bayyana a matsayin "littafin yadda ake gina Wuhan coronavirus a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje."

Masanin ilimin halittu na Jami'ar North Carolina Ralph Baric, babban mai haɗin gwiwa ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, babban kwararre ne kan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da dabarun injiniya. Bincikensa ya kasance a cikin cibiyar muhawarar riba-of-aiki a cikin Amurka 'yan shekaru baya, haifar da damuwa da zai iya haifarwa "SARS 2.0"

An tattauna da yawa daga cikin takardunsa akan kiran, bisa ga nunin faifan gabatarwa da aka samu a ƙarƙashin FOIA.

Amma saboda alakarsa da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Wuhan, an bar shi cikin tattaunawar, a cewar Holmes.

"Mun yanke shawarar cewa ba za mu gayyaci Ralph Baric ba saboda kawai yana kusa da WIV… Shi babban masanin ilimin halittu ne. Ba shi da laifi, zan gaya muku hakan a yanzu. Amma muna son yin binciken da ya dace," in ji Holmes hirar Disamba 2022.

Wannan tsarin lokaci yana tattara tushe masu yawa a ƙoƙarin yin bayanin tarihin labarin mai matukar tasiri. Mai yiyuwa ne lokacin yin girma yayin da ƙarin bayani ke fitowa. An kiyasta duk lokuta zuwa lokacin Gabas.

Farrar ya ce "tunanin kusanci" ya samo asali ne sakamakon rashin binciken da WHO ta yi. Duk da haka, nuna imel cewa Farrar a lokaci guda ya kula da labarin kuma ya yi kira ga WHO.

A zahiri, Farrar ya bayyana sha'awar shugabanni a WHO don "ci gaba da kimiyya da labarin wannan." Fauci ya amince.

Kwanaki hudu bayan da aka ba da alama game da kwayoyin halittar da suka fito da injiniyoyi, Andersen ya ba da izini ga wani daftarin farko wanda ya bayyana cewa irin wannan yanayin ba zai "samu dace da bayanan ba." Bayan kwanaki ana tattaunawa akan yuwuwar cleavage wurin furin ya taso serial nassi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje - hanyar yin ƙwayar cuta mafi haɗari a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba tare da aikin injiniya ba - an yi watsi da yiwuwar a cikin rahoton karshe.

Farrar ya bayyana tashin hankali da firgici da ke gaban littafin " asali na kusa."

"Kaɗan daga cikinmu - Eddie, Kristian, Tony da ni - yanzu mun kasance masu sirri ga bayanai masu mahimmanci waɗanda, idan an tabbatar da su gaskiya ne, za su iya saita jerin abubuwan da za su fi kowane ɗayanmu girma. Ya ji kamar hadari yana taruwa," in ji shi.

Manufar, Farrar ya fadawa abokan aikinsa a lokacin, shine "saka da sanarwa mai mutuntawa don tsara duk wata muhawarar da za ta gudana - kafin muhawarar ta fice daga hannun tare da illa masu illa."

Masanin ilimin kimiyyar da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan game da sabon coronaviruses ya yi tambaya game da jigon jaridar - cewa SARS-CoV-2 ba za a iya yin injiniya ba saboda ya bayyana kamar labari ne.

Summary

Janairu 27, 2020Fauci ya koyi cewa yana ba da kuɗin Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan.

Janairu 29, 2020: Andersen ya gano wata takarda da ke bayyana dabarun samun aiki tare da coronaviruses da suka shafi Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan. Farrar ya nemi magana da Fauci.

Janairu 31, 2020: Fauci da Andersen sun yi magana a asirce. Masana ilimin halittu hudu, ciki har da marubuta uku na labarin - Andersen, Holmes da Garry - sun gano kwayar cutar "ba ta dace da tsammanin daga ka'idar juyin halitta."

Fabrairu 1, 2020: Farrar ya shirya wani taron sirri na wayar tarho tsakanin masana kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta da NIH. Na dabam, Fauci ya nemi ƙarin koyo game da ayyukan da NIAID ke bayarwa a ɗakin binciken.

Fabrairu 2, 2020: Likitocin virologist sun yi musayar tunani. Da yawa sun karkata zuwa asalin lab. Garry ya ce ba zai iya fahimtar yadda SARS-CoV-2 zai iya fitowa ta zahiri ba bayan kwatanta shi da RaTG13. Masanan kimiyya sun bayyana damuwa game da aiki tare da coronaviruses da ake yi a Wuhan a cikin yanayin BSL-2. "Wild west," in ji Farrar. Farrar ya jaddada mahimmancin buga wani abu cikin sauri don magance da'awar "lurid" da ke fitowa game da asalin lab.

Fabrairu 4, 2020: An rarraba daftarin aiki. Holmes, "Lab 60-40," in ji daftarin "bai ambaci wasu abubuwan da ba su dace ba saboda hakan zai sa mu yi kama da loons." Andersen ya raina ra'ayin kwayar cutar injiniya a matsayin "crackpot" kuma ya inganta kalmar "daidai da juyin halitta" ga masana kimiyya a waje da confab.

Maris 6, 2020: Andersen ya gode wa Farrar, Collins da Fauci saboda "shawarwarinsu da jagoranci."

Afrilu 17, 2020Fauci ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa COVID-19 "ya yi daidai da tsalle-tsalle na jinsi daga dabba zuwa mutum," in ji jaridar.

Agusta 19, 2020: Collins da Fauci sun tattauna batun dakatar da tallafin EcoHealth Alliance da ka'idar leak. Kwanaki takwas bayan haka, an ƙara sabon tallafi daga NIAID zuwa EcoHealth da Lab Andersen.

Yuni 20, 2021: Collins, Fauci, Andersen da Garry sun ƙarfafa wani mai bincike da ya sake yin tunani game da tsarin farko na SARS-CoV-2 wanda NIH ta yi kuskure daga bayananta. Andersen ya ba da shawarar share shi daga uwar garken da aka fara bugawa.

Yuli 31, 2022Sabbin shigarwar zuwa bayanan NIH sun nuna dangantaka tsakanin Holmes da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, gami da aiki akan RaTG13.

tafiyar lokaci

'Tsakiya-Janairu': Daraktan CDC ya yi ƙararrawa

Robert Redfield, darektan Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka kuma masanin ilimin halittu, ya bayyana damuwar cewa wani hadarin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya faru a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan. Ya raba wannan damuwar tare da Fauci, Farrar, da Darakta-Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya Tedros Ghebreyesus, Vanity Fair ta ruwaito.

Farrar ya lura da tattaunawar imel a tsakanin masana kimiyya masu sahihanci "yana ba da shawarar cewa kwayar cutar ta kusan yin amfani da ita don cutar da sel ɗan adam" a cikin makon da ya gabata na Janairu, a cewar littafin tarihin Spike.

Janairu 14, 2020: Fauci ya gana da Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa

Fauci ya gana a karon farko tare da Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa game da sabon coronavirus, bisa ga jadawalin da aka samu a karkashin FOIA ta Bude Littattafai da Kallon Shari'a.

Fauci zai sadu da NSC sau 16 a cikin Janairu da Fabrairu, wani lokacin a cikin madaidaicin wurin bayanai ("SCIF") a NIH kuma wani lokacin a Ginin Ofishin Babban Ofishin Eisenhower.

Jadawalin ya nuna ganawa da Fauci tare da Daraktan NSC don Yakar Barazanatar Halittu Phil Ferro, Babban Darakta na Yaƙi da Yaɗuwa da Biodefense Anthony Ruggiero, da jami'in NSC Lauren Fabina. Wataƙila waɗannan tarurrukan sun haɗa da jami'ai da yawa a cikin ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin hukumomi, a cewar wani takarda daban Haƙƙin Sanin Amurka ya samu.

Janairu 23, 2020: Fauci ya gana da mai ba da shawara kan lafiyar halittu ga Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan

Fauci ya sadu da James Le Duc, sannan darektan dakin gwaje-gwaje na BSL-4 a Texas tare da yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan kuma kwararre a duniya kan kare lafiyar halittu.

Le Duc ya rubuta op-ed wallafa 'Yan kwanaki da suka gabata wanda ya bayyana cewa "dangantaka tsakanin bangarorin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da wuraren binciken kimiyya suna nan a bude da kuma inganci" tare da kasar Sin.

A zahiri, Le Duc ba zai yi nasara ba a yunƙurinsa na samun ƙarin bayani game da ka'idojin kare lafiyar halittu daga takwaransa na Wuhan. Ya tuntubi Yuan Zhiming, darektan babban dakin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta na cibiyar Wuhan, amma yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwar dakin bincikensa da dakin binciken ta kasance mai rauni. Bai taba samun amsar tambayoyinsa ba, da kuma yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa yarda don share duk bayanan da aka raba.

Le Duc da farko ya tabbatar wa Majalisa da kafafen yada labarai cewa ba zai yuwu a yi hatsarin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, amma daga baya a nitse aka zayyana yadda za a gudanar da bincike ga abokan aiki.

Janairu 27, 2020: Fauci ya fahimci cewa ya ba da tallafin Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan

6: 59 am

Farrar ya sami waya ta biyu don tattaunawa akan asalin SARS-CoV-2.

"Ya kamata mu yi amfani da wayoyi daban-daban; mu guji sanya abubuwa a cikin imel; kuma mu watsar da adiresoshin imel ɗinmu na yau da kullun da lambobin wayarmu," Farrar ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa. "Ban san kalmar a lokacin ba amma yanzu ina da wayar ƙonawa, wacce zan yi amfani da ita don wannan kawai sannan in kawar da ita."

6: 24 x

Ya zuwa ranar 27 ga Janairu, Fauci ya san aikin da cibiyarsa ta samu kan coronaviruses a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan ta hanyar EcoHealth Alliance. imel Kwamitin sa ido da gyara na majalisar ya samu.

Ana raba wasu manyan abubuwan da aka karɓa daga binciken EcoHealth na NIAID tare da Fauci, amma an sake gyara wasu cikakkun bayanai. Ofaya daga cikin takaddun da aka yiwa alama ga Fauci: Nazarin dabi'a wanda ke nuna cewa coronaviruses da ke da alaƙa da SARS na iya ɗaure ga ƙwayoyin ɗan adam kuma suna haifar da cutar SARS a cikin berayen ɗan adam.

wannan takarda - Masanin ilimin coronavirologist na Jami'ar North Carolina Ralph Baric da Cibiyar Wuhan ta Wuhan masanin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata Zhengli Shi ne suka haifar da cece-kuce game da ko binciken da ake samu na iya haifar da "SARS 2.0" a 'yan shekarun baya.

Da alama takardar ta fito cikin tattaunawar da ta biyo baya a ƙarƙashin gajeriyar suna: “Samar aikin SARS.” Da farko ya bayyana ga rukunin masu ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin "hanyar hanyar gina Wuhan coronavirus a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje," Fauci mai firgita.

Amma an cire Baric daga tattaunawar da ta biyo baya saboda ana ganin yana da kusanci da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, a cewar Holmes.

"Mun ce 'kada mu gayyaci Ralph,'" Holmes ya ce.

Janairu 28, 2020: An fara tattaunawa

Farrar da ake kira Holmes, damuwa game da zance game da yuwuwar haɗarin lab da bugu na kwanan nan da aka buga akan sabar BioRxiv.

Farrar ta memo baya suna preprint.

Amma Holmes ya gano preprint a cikin wani 2022 hira a matsayin "Gano wani sabon labari na coronavirus mai alaƙa da bullar cutar huhu a kwanan nan a cikin ɗan adam da kuma yuwuwar asalinta na jemagu," wanda Cibiyar Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan ta shirya don kamuwa da cututtuka masu tasowa Zhengli Shi kuma wanda aka buga a ranar 23 ga Janairu. Rubutun ya bayyana jerin SARS-CoV-2 kuma ya kwatanta kwayar cutar zuwa irin wannan coronaviruses na jemagu wanda dakin binciken Wuhan ya gano, gami da coronavirus da ake kira RaTG13 mai kama da kashi 96 na SARS-CoV-2.

"Na sami imel daga Jeremy Farrar yana cewa, 'Akwai masu magana a Amurka game da ko wannan kwayar cutar ta fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje, shin kuna da lokacin yin magana yanzu?'" Holmes ya ce. "Ina tsammanin an fara wannan ne saboda Zhengli Shi ta buga takarda ta farko da ta ƙare a cikin Nature wanda ke da jerin ta da RaTG13."

"RaTG13 kasancewa mafi kusanci ga SARS-CoV-2… don haka ba shakka hakan yana haifar da yawan zance," Holmes ya ci gaba da cewa.

(Patrick Vallance, babban mashawarcin kimiyya ga Burtaniya, watakila shi ma yana kan layi, in ji Holmes.)

Holmes ya kasance "mai sha'awa" ga kamanceceniya tsakanin SARS-CoV-2 da RaTG13, a cewar memoir na Farrar, gano tsarin bambancin ya zama na al'ada.

"Ban yi tunani da yawa ba, idan na kasance mai gaskiya. Na shagaltu da tafiya da ƙoƙarin rubuta takardar kimiyya." Holmes ya ba da labarin Farrar.

Holmes ni a marubuci on jerin jeri na RaTG13 tare da Shi. An ƙaddamar da waɗannan jerin juzu'an zuwa bayanan NIH a cikin 2018, amma an buga su a cikin Yuli 2022.

Janairu 29, 2020: Andersen tutocin bincike-bincike-na-aiki

Andersen ya firgita cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da bat coronavirus don cutar da mutane, yana mai nuni ga yanki mai ɗaure mai karɓa da kuma wurin tsagewar furin, a cewar Ma'anar sunan farko Farrar.

Ya kuma ba da alama wani binciken da aka samu wanda "ya yi kama da littafin jagora don gina Wuhan coronavirus a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje," jihohin tarihin.

"Andersen ya sami takarda ta kimiyya inda ainihin wannan dabarar aka yi amfani da ita don canza furotin mai karu na ainihin kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-1, wacce ta haifar da barkewar SARS na 2002/3," Farrar ya rubuta. "Ma'auratan sun san wani dakin gwaje-gwaje inda masu bincike suka kwashe shekaru suna yin gwajin cutar coronavirus: Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, a cikin garin da ke tsakiyar barkewar."

Ba a san taken wannan takarda ba.

Amma a bayyane yake cewa Baric's Takaddun 2015 wanda ya haɗa da riba-na-aiki aiki tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan da alama ta firgita Fauci bayan 'yan kwanaki. Baric ya ci gaba gwaninta a cikin yadda rukunin yanar gizo na proteolytic kamar rukunin furin ke taimakawa shigar da coronaviruses cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa.

An ba da takardar 2015 taƙaitaccen take a cikin imel: "Samun aikin SARS."

Andersen ya aika wa Holmes rubutu.

"Kristian ya ce, 'Eddi, za mu iya magana? Daga baya Holmes ya ba da labarin.

Andersen da Holmes sun hadu kusan akan Zuƙowa.

Andersen ya jagoranci hankalin Holmes zuwa wani ɓangare na kwayoyin halitta.

Holmes ya ce, "Ya ce akwai wannan wurin tsagewar furn tsakanin mahadar S1 da S2," in ji Holmes. "Akwai wuraren ƙuntatawa guda biyu, BamHI, a kusa da shi. Kuma wannan sashin, tsakanin wuraren ƙuntatawa, yana kama da ya rage bambancin."

"Jahannama na jini wannan mummunan abu ne," in ji Holmes.

Wurin ɓarkewar furotin akan furotin mai karu na SARS-CoV-2 yana ba da gudummawar shigowar ƙwayar cuta zuwa sel ɗan adam. Bincike ya nuna cewa ba tare da wannan fasalin ba, SARS-CoV-2 ba zai haifar da barazanar cutar ba. Babu wani sanannen SARS-kamar betacoronaviruses da ke da wuraren tsagewa.

(Kodayake ba a san shi ba a lokacin, Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan tana da sha'awar yin aiki tare da Baric akan wuraren da ke lalata ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin SARS-kamar coronaviruses, leaked. bada shawara ya nuna.)

Sauran bayanan damuwa da Andersen ya raba tare da Holmes a waccan kiran zuƙowa na farko, bisa ga sakewar Holmes: Shafukan ƙuntatawa guda biyu da ake kira "BamH" waɗanda ke kusa da wurin ɓarnawar furon tare da kwayar cutar. Wadannan wuraren ƙuntatawa yawanci ana amfani da su don injiniyan kwayoyin halitta, amma kuma suna faruwa a yanayi.

Dukansu Andersen da Farrar sun damu cewa an gano mafi kusancin kwayar cutar COVID-19, RaTG13, a cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan.

A ƙarshe, kwayar cutar ta bayyana tare da ƴan alamu a cikin yawan mutane kuma da alama tana yaduwa cikin sauri da inganci.

Holmes ya ce "Wannan kwayar cutar ta tashi kamar gangbusters daga ko'ina," in ji Holmes.

Nan da nan Holmes ya faɗakar da Farrar game da damuwar Andersen.

"Kira ni yanzu," Holmes yace Farrar.

Holmes ya ce lamarin ya karu da sauri bayan ya raba damuwar Andersen da Farrar.

"Yana tafiya daga sifili zuwa 100," in ji shi.

1: 32 x

Farrar ya fara tambayar Fauci ya yi magana da shi a sirrance.

A cikin sa'o'i kadan, Andersen ya tattauna da jami'an leken asiri a Amurka, Farrar ya yi magana da jami'an leken asirin a Burtaniya sannan Holmes ya yi magana da jami'an leken asirin a Australia, a cewar Holmes.

"Ta hanya madaidaiciya… cikin sa'a guda ina magana da shugaban ofishin leken asirin kasa a Ostiraliya," in ji Holmes. "Kayan John le Carré, dama?"

Janairu 31, 2020: 'Ba ya dace da tsammanin daga ka'idar juyin halitta'

5: 23 x

Farrar ya nemi yayi magana da Fauci.

Source: Jimmy Tobias, ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa

Daga nan sai Farrar ya gaya wa Fauci "mutanen da abin ya shafa" sun hada da manyan masana kimiyyar halittu guda uku: Andersen, Garry da Holmes.

Fauci da Andersen suma sun yi magana a asirce.

8: 43 x

Kimiyya Kimiyya ya buga labarin Marubucin ma'aikatan Jon Cohen ya ce "Haka ma'adinai na coronavirus don alamun asalin barkewar cutar." Labarin ya nakalto Holmes, Andersen da Kwamitin Gwamnonin Rutgers Farfesa Richard Ebright, wanda ya gaya wa Cohen cewa yana da damuwa game da sabon dakin gwaje-gwaje mafi girma da ake kira Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan.

Fauci ya tura labarin ga Farrar da Andersen.

"Yana da sha'awar tattaunawar yanzu," ya rubuta.

10: 32 x

Andersen ya rubuta baya ga Fauci.

Yayin da SARS-CoV-2 ya dace a cikin bishiyar dangin coronaviruses na jemagu, wannan baya nuna ko an yi shi ne. Tabbas, kwayar cutar ta yi kama da rashin dabi'a ga Andersen da wasu masana kimiyya uku, in ji shi.

"Dole ne ku kalli kwayar halitta da kyau don ganin abubuwan da ke da yuwuwar gyare-gyare… Ya kamata in ambaci cewa bayan tattaunawa a baya a yau, Eddie, Bob, Mike, da ni kaina duk sun ga cewa kwayoyin halitta sun saba da tsammanin daga ka'idar juyin halitta," ya rubuta. "Muna da tawaga mai kyau da aka yi layi don duba wannan, don haka ya kamata mu san ƙarin a ƙarshen karshen mako."

"Mike" yayi magana da Michael Farzan, shugaban Sashen Bincike na Scripps na Immunology da Microbiology, wanda ya yi mahimman binciken da suka danganci yadda SARS-CoV ke cutar da ƙwayoyin ɗan adam.

Sauran membobin “kungiyar” sun shiga cikin tattaunawar farko sun haɗa da Garry da Rambaut. Christian Drosten, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Virology a Asibitin Charité, shi ma ya shiga cikin tattaunawar farko.

Christian Drosten - mataimakin mai gudanarwa don kamuwa da cututtukan da ke fitowa a Asibitin Charité da fitaccen mai ba da martani ga cutar da aka yiwa lakabi da "Fauci na Jamus" – Har ila yau, yana kan kiran, bisa ga imel.

Koyaya, Drosten yana da alaƙa da masu farautar ƙwayoyin cuta tare da EcoHealth Alliance. Drosten ya taɓa kasancewa cikin abokan haɗin gwiwa na PREDICT. PREDICT wani aiki ne na tsawon shekaru goma yana gano ƙwayoyin cuta na dabbobi da kuma nazarin su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka kammala a cikin 2020.

An jera Drosten a matsayin memba na "PREDICT Consortium" a cikin wani Littafin 2014.

PREDICT wani shiri ne na Hukumar Raya Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka na tsawon shekaru goma "farauta" wanda EcoHealth Alliance ke jagoranta wanda ya ƙare a cikin 2020.

Drosten ya kuma yi farautar ƙwayoyin cuta na jemage a Jamus, Bulgaria, Ghana da Afirka ta Kudu, a cewar rahotannin labarai da takaddun kimiyya.

Drosten bai dawo da buƙatun yin sharhi ba.

“Tawagar” ta kuma nemi shawarar a mai goyon bayan binciken riba-of-aiki, Erasmus MC virologist Ron Fouchier, da Erasmus MC Ma'aikatar Viroscience Daraktan Marion Koopmans.

Fauci ya yi magana da Farrar, sannan tare da Andersen.

Fabrairu 1, 2020: Taron tarho

12: 29 am

"MUHIMMANCI," Fauci ya rubuta a cikin batun batun imel zuwa mataimaki kadan bayan tsakar dare - kusan awanni biyu bayan Andersen ya gaya masa cewa kwayoyin halittar ba su samo asali ne ta zahiri ba.

"Hugh: Yana da mahimmanci mu yi magana da wannan AM. Ka riƙe wayarka ta hannu," ya rubuta.

Ya umurci Hugh Auchincloss, babban mataimakin darektan NIAID, da ya karanta takardar da aka makala kuma ya kara da cewa: "Za ku sami ayyuka a yau da dole ne a yi."

Takardar da aka makala ta kasance mai yiwuwa a 2015 Nature takarda mai taken "Tari mai kama da SARS na yawo coronaviruses yana nuna yuwuwar fitowar ɗan adam," wani binciken NIH ya ba da tallafi ta hanyar tallafi ga EcoHealth Alliance - wanda aka faɗakar da Fauci a cikin "maganun magana" a ranar 27 ga Janairu.

Sunan fayil ɗin ya haɗa da jumlar "Samar aikin SARS."

Takardar ta nuna cewa wata ƙungiyar da Baric da Shi ke jagoranta sun raba furotin guda ɗaya a cikin kashin baya na SARS-CoV. Marubutan sun rubuta cewa gwaji na gaba akan waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta "na iya zama mai haɗari da yawa don bi."

Takardar kuma ɗaya ce daga cikin takardu da yawa waɗanda Baric da Shi suka haɗa a cikin gabatarwar Andersen da Holmes ga gungun masana kimiyyar ƙwayoyin cuta a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, lokacin da suka bayyana damuwa game da yuwuwar injiniya.

12: 38 am

Fauci ya kira Andersen ya gaya masa cewa ya haɗu tare da Holmes da sauran masanan halittu don bincika damuwar Andersen game da aikin injiniya.

"Ya kamata ya yi hakan cikin sauri kuma idan kowa ya yarda da wannan damuwa, ya kamata su kai rahoto ga hukumomin da suka dace," in ji shi. "Ina tsammanin cewa a cikin Amurka wannan zai zama FBI kuma a Burtaniya zai zama MI5."

"Yana da mahimmanci a hanzarta samun tabbacin abin da ke haifar da wannan damuwa daga masana a fagen coronaviruse da ilmin halitta," ya rubuta.

10: 55 am

Farrar ya gayyaci Fauci zuwa taron tarho daga baya a ranar.

Farrar ya rubuta: "Abin da nake so shi ne in kiyaye wannan [ƙungiyar] da gaske. "Tabbas ka tambayi kowa da kowa ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kwarin gwiwa."

Wani bincike wanda ya tsara ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2020, an yi wa taken teleconference "Kwantawar jerin coronavirus[1].pdf."

Wannan takaddar ta nuna cewa masu ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta suna kwatanta SARS-CoV-2 da RaTG13, kwayar cutar da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan ta gwada wacce Holmes ya yi nazari a baya.

Wannan Daftarin aiki yana nuna damuwa masu zuwa sune manyan tunani: kamance tsakanin RaTG13 da SARS-CoV-2; babban matakin maye gurbi a kusa da ragowar maɓalli a cikin yanki mai ɗaure mai karɓa; wurin fashewar furin da rashin sa a cikin SARS, MERS, da sauran coronaviruses na jemagu; wani yanki na ƙuntatawa da aka saba amfani da shi a injiniyan kwayoyin halitta da ake kira BamHI wanda ke da dabaru a ƙarshen ƙwayar cuta ta coronavirus; da kuma lura da cewa "samar da aiki" a cikin karuwa. ya koma jerin SARS a cikin RBD." (Slide yana nufin wannan takarda.)

Holmes da Andersen sun yi nuni da takardu guda biyar, duk da Baric ya rubuta su:

An nemi mahalarta su kiyaye kiran a asirce har sai an bayyana "matakai na gaba".

11: 47 am

Auchincloss ya ba da rahoto ga Fauci cewa NIH ta sake duba aikin kuma ta amince da ita amma a fili ba a aiwatar da "Tsarin P3 ba," dangane da ƙa'idodin da aka sanya don tsara tsara tsararrun. annoba m pathogens bayan dakatarwar ta wucin gadi akan aikin samun aiki akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da SARS.

(A gaskiya binciken ya ci gaba a cikin wani ban da tsayawa-na-aikisaboda NIH bai yi la'akari da haɗari ba.)

A kowane hali, wannan mataimaki na NIH zai bincika "idan muna da wata alaƙa mai nisa da wannan aikin a ƙasashen waje," in ji Auchincloss.

11: 48 am

Collins ya aika da bugu na kwanan nan ta Shi zuwa Fauci. Rubutun da aka raba tsakanin shugabannin NIH ya bayyana coronaviruse da yawa, gami da RaTG13.

"Babu wata shaida da NIH ta goyi bayan wannan aikin," Collins ne ya rubuta.

"Na gan shi, amma ban bincika kamanni ba. A bayyane yake muna buƙatar ƙarin cikakkun bayanai," Fauci ya rubuta a baya.

Duk wata alaƙa da ke tsakanin aikin Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan kan coronaviruses da NIH a bayyane take kan Fauci da Collins sa'o'i biyu kacal kafin su yi magana da marubutan takardar "tushen asali".

2 am

Collins da Fauci sun shiga taron wayar tarho da karfe 2 na yamma agogon Washington (7 na yamma agogon GMT da 6 na safe a Sydney) tare da Farrar, Andersen da Holmes.

Andersen da Holmes ne suka gayyace Garry da Rambaut.

Sauran kan kiran sun hada da: Vallance; Fouchier; Koopmans; Drosten; Stefan Pohlmann, masanin ilimin halittu a Cibiyar Farko ta Jamus a Gottingen; Mike Ferguson, mataimakin shugaban Wellcome kuma masanin kimiyyar halittu; Paul Schreier, shi ma daga Wellcome.

Duk da rokonsa ga Fauci da Farrar, Redfield ba a cikin taron wayar tarho.

Andersen ya gabatar da nunin faifai ga ƙungiyar, tare da Holmes yana ba da wasu bayanai. Tattaunawa ta biyo baya.

Masana ilimin halittu akan kiran sun dage cewa masu ba da tallafin NIH ba su nemi karkatar da kimiyyar ba.

"Tony Fauci ya ce kadan kadan. Francis Collins ya ce ko da kadan," Holmes ya fada da karfi. "Halayyarsu ba ta da kyau."

Ma'aikatan bincike na samun-na-aiki sun yi tasiri a fili, duk da haka.

Fouchier ⁠— wanda ya kunna muhawara game da binciken riba-of-aiki lokacin ya canza kwayar cutar H5N1 mai saurin kisa don zama iska tsakanin ferrets - yana daga cikin wadanda suka fara bayyana hujjar da za ta zama tsakiyar takarda, a cewar Holmes.

"Mutane kamar Ron suna nuna daidai cewa idan za ku yi wannan… za ku yi amfani da madaidaicin bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma wannan ba daidaitaccen tarihin dakin gwaje-gwaje bane," in ji Holmes. "Sun ba da cikakkun bayanai masu mahimmanci game da abin da za ku yi idan za ku yi wannan."

Drosten da Koopmans, shugaban Fouchier, duk sun yarda, Farrar ya tuna.

"An gama kiran taron kuma ƙarshe shine ya kamata mu rubuta wani abu, wani irin taƙaitaccen bayani," in ji Holmes.

A cikin imel ɗin da aka aika bayan kiran, ɗaya daga cikin masu binciken ƙwayoyin cuta ya yi magana akan “kashin baya” da “saka.”

Bayan kiran, Holmes ya tabbatar da kashi 80 cikin 60 na littafin coronavirus na da asalin lab, yayin da Andersen ya fifita asalin lab da kusan kashi 70 zuwa XNUMX, a cewar tarihin Farrar.

"Andrew da Bob ba su da nisa a baya. Ni ma, dole ne a shawo kan cewa abubuwa ba su da kyau kamar yadda suke gani," in ji Farrar.

Andersen daga baya zai ce ya tsorata da ra'ayin yada labarai ga duniya cewa ana iya sarrafa kwayar cutar.

"Ina fama da ra'ayin cewa, bayan da aka ƙara ƙararrawa, zan iya zama mutumin da ya tabbatar da wannan sabuwar ƙwayar cuta ta fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje," kamar yadda ya gaya wa Farrar. "Kuma ba lallai ne na so zama wannan mutumin ba."

9: 59 x

Farrar ya gode wa kowa da kowa don shiga wannan kiran, kuma ya sake nanata sha'awar sa na kiran masana kimiyya masu sahihanci don yin aiki tare da WHO don taimakawa wajen tsara tattaunawar dangane da karuwar damuwa game da leken asiri a kan Twitter da WeChat, wani dandalin sada zumunta na kasar Sin, da "domin ci gaba da bin ka'idojin makirci."

Farrar ya jaddada tsara tsarin da ba a bayyana giwa a cikin dakin ba - ko cutar ta fito ne daga dakin gwaje-gwaje - amma kuma tana karantawa a matsayin "mai tsaka tsaki."

"Ban yi imani wannan tambaya ce ta sakamakon binary," ya rubuta.

Ya ba da shawarar tsara muhawarar ta zama tambaya mai zuwa: "Mene ne tushen juyin halitta na 2019-nCoV?"

7: 43 x

Koopmans ya bayyana yana raba ra'ayoyi game da pangolin coronaviruses da wurin tsagewar furin.

Fabrairu 2, 2020: 'Akwai yuwuwar hanyoyi a yanayi, amma da wuya sosai'

4: 48 am

Farrar ya gaya wa masu ilimin virologists wanda ya halarci kiran cewa ya kamata a takaita tattaunawar kimiyya ga wata kungiya mai sahihanci da WHO ta kira.

"Ina ba da shawarar kada mu shiga cikin ƙarin tattaunawa ta kimiyya a nan, amma jira don kafa wannan rukunin," in ji Farrar.

6: 53 am

Bayan kiran, Farrar ya tattara wasu tunani daga ƙungiyar kuma ya aika da Fauci da Collins ta imel.

"A kan bakan idan 0 dabi'a ce kuma an saki 100 - Ni gaskiya ina da shekaru 50! Ina tsammanin wannan zai kasance mai launin toka, sai dai idan akwai damar shiga dakin binciken Wuhan - kuma ina tsammanin hakan ba zai yuwu ba!" Farrar yace.

He yana neman taimakonsu a matsin lamba WHO ta dauki batun asalin cutar kafin labarin ya fice daga hannun. Ya damu WHO na iya jira wata guda, wanda watakila ya makara.

Farrar kuma ya ba da ƙarin tunani daga mahalarta kan kiran zuwa Fauci da Collins. Waɗannan imel ɗin, na farko samu ta hanyar FOIA ta BuzzFeed News, ma'aikatan majalisa sun gan su ba tare da sun gyara ba a kyamara kuma ya ruwaito ta Tsarin kalma.

"Daga Mike Farzan (mai gano mai karɓar SARS):

RBD bai yi kama da 'injiniya' a gare shi ba - kamar yadda a cikin, babu wani ɗan adam da zai zaɓi maye gurbin mutum ɗaya ya sanya su cikin RBD (Ina tsammanin duk mun yarda)
Nassi na al'adar nama na iya haifar da samun riba na asali - gami da wuraren tsagewar furin (wannan kayan ne da suka gani tare da coronaviruses na ɗan adam)
Gidan furin ya damu da shi kuma yana da wahala a bayyana cewa a matsayin wani lamari a wajen dakin gwaje-gwaje (ko da yake, akwai yiwuwar hanyoyi a cikin yanayi, amma mai yuwuwa)
Maimakon injiniyan da aka ba da umarni, canje-canje a cikin RBD da siyan rukunin furin zai dace sosai tare da ra'ayin ci gaba da ratsa ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin al'adun nama.
Samun shafin furon na iya lalata kwayar cutar amma zai sa ta yada zuwa sabbin kyallen takarda.

Don haka, da aka bayar a sama, mai yuwuwar bayanin na iya zama wani abu mai sauƙi kamar nassi na SARS-live CoVs a cikin al'adun nama akan layin sel ɗan adam (a ƙarƙashin BSL-2) na tsawon lokaci, da gangan ƙirƙirar ƙwayar cuta wacce za a fara saurin watsawa tsakanin mutane ta hanyar samun rukunin furin (daga al'adun nama) da daidaitawa ga mai karɓar ACE2 na ɗan adam ta hanyar maimaitawa.

Don haka, ina tsammanin ya zama tambayar ta yaya kuke haɗa duk wannan, ko kun yi imani da wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru, abin da kuka sani na dakin gwaje-gwaje a Wuhan, nawa zai iya kasancewa a cikin yanayi - sakin bazata ko al'amuran halitta? Ina 70:30 ko 60:40."

Source: Kwamitin Sa ido da Gyaran Majalisa

Garry ya ce: "Kuna yin amfani da bincike na aiki ba za ku yi amfani da wani kusa da [clone] na SARS ko MERSv ba. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sun riga sun zama cututtukan ɗan adam.

"Kafin in bar ofishin don kwallon, Na daidaita nCoV tare da 96% bat CoV jerin a WIV. Sai dai RBD da S sunadaran suna da gaske m a matakin amino acid - da kyau duka amma cikakken saka 12 nucleotides cewa ƙara da furin site. S2 ne a kan dukan tsawonsa da gaske na iya zama m na halitta. Kwayar cutar ta jemage ko wacce ta yi kama da ita zuwa nCoV inda kuka saka ainihin amino acid 4 12 nucleotide wanda duk dole ne a kara su a daidai wannan lokacin don samun wannan aikin - kuma ba ku canza wani amino acid a cikin S2 ba Wani labari kuma shi ne cewa magabata na nCoV ya kasance kwayar cutar bat tare da ingantaccen wurin cleavage wanda aka samar a cikin wannan yanayin RaTG12 cutar ta WIV ta sami cikakkiyar gogewa na 3 nucleotides yayin da ainihin ba zai canza wani amino acid ba.

Wannan shine babba idan.

Kuna yin bincike na aiki ba za ku yi amfani da wani kusa ba (clone) na SARS ko MERSv. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sun riga sun zama cututtukan ɗan adam. Abin da za ku yi shi ne rufe kwayar cutar jemage wadda ba ta fito ba tukuna. Wataƙila sai ku wuce shi a cikin sel ɗan adam na ɗan lokaci don kulle a cikin RBS, sannan ku sake sakewa kuma ku sanya maye gurbin da kuke sha'awar - ɗayan farkon rukunin rarrabuwa na polybasic."

7: 13 am

Lokaci guda Farrar musanya imel tare da Collins da Fauci game da kiran ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da WHO don yin la'akari da asalin lab, da alama don ci gaba da tattaunawa kan aikin injiniya, kodayake har yanzu hakan yana kan tebur ga wasu daga cikin masu ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta.

8: 30 am

Fouchier ya aika wa Farrar imel, kuma da alama sauran mahalarta taron, suna kiran ƙarin bincike. Koyaya, ya kuma kira tambayar asalin kwayar cutar a matsayin karkatacciya a halin yanzu, kuma mai yiwuwa cutarwa ga kimiyya da China.

"Dear Jeremy da sauransu,

"Na gode da taron wayar tarho mai amfani. Bisa la'akari da hujjojin da aka gabatar da kuma tattaunawar da ke kewaye da shi, zan kammala cewa tattaunawa mai biyo baya kan yiwuwar asalin 2019-nCoV zai kasance da ban sha'awa sosai. Duk da haka, ina shakka ko yana bukatar a yi shi a cikin gajeren lokaci, la'akari da muhimmancin sauran ayyukan al'ummar kimiyya, WHO da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a halin yanzu. Ra'ayina ne cewa ba kamar yadda ba a halin yanzu ba. Ana iya tuntubar duk wani ka'idar makirci tare da bayanan gaskiya.

… Zargin cewa nCoV-2019 mai yiwuwa an ƙirƙira shi kuma an fitar da shi cikin muhalli ta mutane (na haɗari ko ganganci) na buƙatar samun goyan bayan bayanai mai ƙarfi, ba tare da wata shakka ba. Yana da kyau cewa an tattauna wannan yiwuwar daki-daki tare da ƙungiyar masana. Koyaya, ƙarin muhawara game da irin waɗannan zarge-zargen ba dole ba ne su kawar da hankalin manyan masu bincike daga ayyukansu na yau da kullun da yin cutar da ba dole ba ga kimiyya gabaɗaya, musamman ma kimiyya a China. "

8: 30 am

Fouchier ya raba cikakken bayanin kula.

Ra'ayoyinsa sun haɗa da waɗanda suka zama tsakiya ga labarin "tushen kusanci".

Fouchier ya rubuta "Idan aka yi la'akari da kasancewar rukunin yanar gizo masu kama da furin a cikin coronavirus ɗan adam da maye gurbi na rukunin yanar gizo akan masu tsalle-tsalle na coronavirus gabaɗaya, asalin asalin rukunin furin ba zai yiwu ba," Fouchier ya rubuta.

Fouchier ya kuma rubuta cewa makamin bioweapon zai ƙunshi sanannen “kashin baya” wanda aka sani yana haifar da kamuwa da cutar ɗan adam kamar SARS ko MERS. Masana kimiyya masu kirki, a halin yanzu, za su yi amfani da dabarun injiniyan kwayoyin halitta da suka saba. (Tsarin fasahar injiniyan kwayoyin halitta da ke gudana a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan daga baya za ta kasance sleuth online ya fallasa.)

Fouchier ya kuma lura cewa ba a bayyana SARS-CoV-2 a cikin littattafan kimiyya ba. Kwayar cuta mafi kusa da aka sani a wannan lokacin ita ce RaTG13, wanda masana kimiyyar halittu suka yi imanin cewa yana da alaƙa da nisa da zama zuriya.

Duk da yawan gudunmawar da ya bayar, Fouchier ba a ba da lamuni ga marubutan labarin ba, waɗanda daga baya za a zarge su da yin saɓo.

Dukansu Fouchier da Koopmans sun ƙi a lasafta su a matsayin mawallafa ko masu ba da gudummawa saboda sun yi adawa da labaran kimiyya idan aka yi la'akari da ka'idar leak kwata-kwata, Holmes. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a watan Disamba 2022.

8: 40 am

Farrrar ya ba da amsa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan don jaddada mahimmancin buga wani abu mai sahihanci don yin watsi da ka'idodin asali na "lurid" nan da nan da kuma tabbatar da ƙarin haɗin gwiwa tare da Sin.

"Idan, kuma na jaddada idan, wannan ya bazu gaba, matsin lamba da tashin hankali sun tashi, [sic] suna jin tsoron waɗannan tambayoyin za su yi ƙarfi kuma mutane za su fara kallon wanda za su zargi. ... Wannan na iya ƙara tashin hankali da rage haɗin gwiwa."

9: 38 am

A ƙarƙashin taken taken “Re: Teleconference,” Rambaut imel Farrar, Fauci, da sauran mahalarta kiran.

"Daga (na halitta) ra'ayi na juyin halitta abu daya da ya kama ni a matsayin sabon abu shine wurin tarwatsa furin," in ji Rambaut. "Yana ba ni shawara sosai cewa mun rasa wani muhimmin abu."

A lokaci guda kuma, Rambaut ya nuna sha'awar rage ra'ayin kafofin watsa labarun game da asalin.

"Wataƙila wannan yana buƙatar tattaunawa cikin gaggawa, ba wai kawai saboda da'awar da ake yi a kan Twitter ba amma saboda idan ya kasance a cikin wanda ba ɗan adam ba ne, wanda aka riga aka daidaita, yana iya yin barazana ga ƙoƙarin sarrafawa ta hanyar sabbin tsalle-tsalle na zoonotic," in ji shi.

(Masu goyon bayan ka'idar asalin halitta yanzu sun yi imanin cewa kwayar cutar ta malalo daga tafkin dabbobin ta sau biyu daga cikin Kasuwar Jumla ta Huanan.)

10: 27 am

Collins ya aika da imel zuwa Farrar, Fauci, da jami'in NIH Lawrence Tabak, yana haɓaka damuwa game da "yiwuwar cutar da kimiyya da haɗin kai na duniya" asalin lab na COVID-19 na iya haifarwa.

"Ko da yake an gabatar da muhawarar daga Ron Fouchier da Christian Drosten tare da karfi fiye da yadda ya kamata, Ina zuwa a kan ra'ayi cewa asalin halitta ya fi dacewa. Amma na raba ra'ayinku cewa taron gaggawa na masana a cikin tsarin amincewa (WHO da alama da gaske shine kawai zaɓi) ana buƙata, ko kuma muryoyin makirci za su mamaye kimiyya da sauri, yin jituwa mai girma na kasa da kasa.

Ina samuwa kowane lokaci a yau ban da 3:15 na yamma - 5:45 na yamma EST (a kan jirgin sama) don kira zuwa Tedros. Ka sanar dani ko zan iya taimakawa ta hanyar kariyar masu kare shi."

11: 28 am

Farrar ya sabunta Collins da Fauci kan ƙoƙarinsa na matsa lamba ga WHO, yana danganta labarin game da ka'idar makirci game da SARS-CoV-2 mai kama da HIV.

"A fili Tedros da Bernard sun shiga cikin taron ... suna buƙatar yanke shawara a yau a ra'ayi na. Idan sun yi nasara, zan ji daɗin kiran ku da daren yau ko gobe don tunanin yadda za mu iya ci gaba.

A halin yanzu....

https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/coronavirus-contains-hiv-insertions-stoking-fears-over-artificially-created-bioweapon”

12:03 yamma

Collins ya yarda cewa sashe na jeri abu ne mai yuwuwa, kuma yana da daraja haɗawa cikin jerin yuwuwar jama'a (ba za a yi la'akari da shi sosai a cikin daftarin ƙarshe ba). Collins ƙara cewa shawarar dakatar da tattaunawa game da asalin cutar har tsawon wata guda "ya yi kama da mummunan ra'ayi."

1:57 pm (kimanin)

Twitter ya dakatar da ZeroHedge - shafin yanar gizon da Farrar ya yi wa Fauci da Collins alama - a fili saboda daban post wanda ya raba bayanan tuntuɓar wani masanin kimiyyar kasar Sin. Haramcin ya bayyana yayi dai-dai da kokari WHO ta yi aiki tare da kamfanonin kafofin watsa labarun don hana "bayanai mara kyau."

Twitter ya fada a lokacin cewa kamfanin ya dakatar da shahararren shafin yanar gizon dama daga dandalinsa na dindindin saboda damuwa game da "doxxing," a takaice dai, fallasa asalin wani masanin kimiyyar kasar Sin.

Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya, wani reshe na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen da ke yaki da "bayanai na kan layi," ya nuna alamar asusun Twitter da suka yi tweet game da dakatar da shafin. Damuwar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka game da waɗannan posts ta fito fili a cikin wani Janairu 2023 rahoto dangane da bayanan ciki na Twitter.

3: 30 x

fauci ya yarda cewa yana da "mahimmanci don matsawa da sauri."

4: 49 x

Fauci ya nemi Collins don kiran waya mai zaman kansa.

5: 45 x

Farrar yunkurin corral Hukumar ta WHO cikin kokarin da Wellcome Trust, NIH da wasu tsirarun masana kimiyyar halittu ke yi don samun gaba da ka'idar leak.

Bugu da ƙari, a wani lokaci a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Holmes ya karɓi imel daga Jami'ar Hong Kong Tommy Lam game da yanki mai ɗaure mai karɓa da aka samu a cikin pangolin coronaviruses wanda yayi kama da wanda ke cikin SARS-CoV-2, yana ƙarfafa ka'idar asalin halitta, Holmes. raba a cikin hira 2022.

(Pangolins ba a yi ciniki ba a Kasuwar Jumlar Abincin Teku ta Huanan. Holmes da Andersen sun san wannan zuwa 7 ga Fabrairu. 'Yan jaridu sun yi hasashen cewa sayar da pangolin na iya faruwa daga littattafan.)

Fabrairu 3, 2020: 'China da Amurka'

Fauci ya gana da Nekisha Williams, mai kula da ayyukan bincike na duniya wanda cibiyarsa, NIAID ke tallafawa. Taken tattaunawar shine "China da Amurka"

Fabrairu 4, 2020: 'Ban ambaci wasu abubuwan da ba su dace ba saboda wannan zai sa mu yi kama da loons'

2: 01 am

Farrar raba daftarin farko of " asali na kusa " tare da Fauci da Collins, tare da alƙawarin ingantaccen sigar ba da daɗewa ba. Farrar ya ce yana "sake tura WHO a yau."

Holmes ya aiko da imel ga Farrar taƙaitawar, tare da lura da cewa "bai ambaci wasu abubuwan da ba su dace ba saboda wannan zai sa mu yi kama da loons."

Fabrairu 4 daftarin aiki

The farkon daftarin jihohi cewa wuraren tsagewar furin na iya tasowa a cikin betacoronaviruses a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar jeri. Bayanin: Kira tare da haɗin gwiwar Kwalejin Kimiyya na Kasa, Injiniya, da Magunguna.

Yayin da "tushen kusanci" ya ci gaba, Andersen kuma ya halarci tawagar NAASEM da ke amsa bukatar Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Fadar White House don matakai na gaba kan tantance asalin sabon coronavirus.

Ba a bayyana ainihin wanda ya bayyana cewa betacoronaviruses na iya samun wurin ɓarkewar furin a cikin jerin abubuwan ba, amma Andersen yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun takwas da NASEM ta buga. Biyu daga cikin sauran ƙwararrun sune Shugaban EcoHealth Alliance Peter Daszak da Masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta na Jami'ar North Carolina Ralph Baric.

Don haka daftarin farko ya bayyana jerin silsilar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin da shafin ke iya tasowa.

"Bincike na asali wanda ya shafi hanyar jemagu na SARS-kamar coronaviruses a cikin al'adun nama da / ko samfuran dabbobi suna ci gaba da gudana a cikin BSL-2 tsawon shekaru a duk faɗin duniya, gami da Wuhan," in ji daftarin.

Daftarin ya ambaci takardu hudu na Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan: Warewa da halayyar jemage mai kama da coronavirus wanda ke amfani da mai karɓar ACE2; Gano tarin tarin tarin tarin halittu na coronaviruses masu alaƙa da jemagu yana ba da sabbin fahimta game da asalin SARS coronavirus; Jemage mai tsananin ciwo na numfashi-kamar coronavirus WIV1 yana ba da ƙarin furotin na haɗe, ORFX, wanda ke da hannu cikin daidaitawa na martanin rigakafi; Warewa da halayyar sabon bat coronavirus wanda ke da alaƙa da kusanci da zuriyar kai tsaye na Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Kwalara ta Coronavirus..

Nassoshi na jeri na jeri, dakunan gwaje-gwajen BSL-2 na Wuhan, takardun Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, da kiran NASEM tare da Baric da Daszak duk an cire su a sigar karshe.

Ƙarshen daftarin farko ya haɗa da wasu batattu bayanin kula. Marubutan sun bayyana suna lura cewa a yanzu suna yin la'akari sosai da hasashe biyu game da yadda rukunin furin ya tashi.

Na farko shi ne cewa yana yawo cikin sirri a cikin mutane kafin ya canza wurin da ake cire furin. Na biyu shi ne cewa ya sami wurin tsagewar furin a cikin mai masaukin baki.

Hasashen farko yana da matsala saboda tari na farkon shari'o'in a kusa da kasuwa yana nuna cewa an sami raguwar zazzaɓi a cikin mutane.

"Haɗin kai zuwa kasuwa zai zama abin ban tsoro - wasu shakku akan hakan tuni," an karanta bayanin kula.

Hasashen na biyu yana buƙatar madaidaicin masaukin baki, in ji marubutan.

"Shin za mu iya ba da shawarar mai masaukin baki inda wannan rukunin yanar gizon zai iya samun fa'ida. Ferrets/polecats? Rodents - berayen bamboo (ban sani ba ko sun shahara a China)?" bayanin kula sun karanta.

6: 08 am

Farrar an ruwaito ga Fauci da Collins Holmes shine "Lab 60-40," yayin da Farrar shine "50-50." Yayin da masu ilimin halittu suka bar yuwuwar aikin injiniya, layin serial, wata hanyar sanya ƙwayoyin cuta mafi haɗari a cikin lab, ta kasance a kan tebur, in ji rahoton.

6: 12 am

Collins ya nuna sha'awar ka'idar cewa SARS-CoV-2 ya sami fasali kamar rukunin rukunin furin ta hanyar jeri.

6: 23 am

Fauci ya yaba da farkon daftarin "tushen kusanci."

"Takaitaccen bayani da nazari sosai. Muna buƙatar WHO ta ci gaba da fara taron," ya rubuta.

10: 58 am

Collins ya lura cewa daftarin farko ya yi jayayya da aikin injiniya da gangan, amma wannan silsilar ta kasance a kan teburin, kodayake ba zai bayyana wasu abubuwan da ke damun su ba.

12: 05 x

Andersen ya ƙarfafa NASEM don kawar da ka'idar leak.

"Karanta wasiƙar ina ganin yana da kyau, amma ina mamakin ko muna bukatar mu dage kan batun aikin injiniya," ya rubuta.

Andersen ya samfoti hujjar da zata zama babban jigo na "tushen kusanci."

"Babban ka'idojin crackpot da ke yawo a halin yanzu sun danganta da wannan kwayar cutar da aka yi ta da niyya kuma hakan ba haka yake ba. Injiniya na iya nufin abubuwa da yawa kuma ana iya yin shi don ko dai bincike na asali ko kuma munanan dalilai, amma bayanan sun nuna a ƙarshe cewa ba a yi ba (idan a cikin mummunan yanayin wani zai yi amfani da kashin baya na SARS / MERS kuma mafi kyaun bincike a baya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya kuma mafi kyaun bincike. sun yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin yawancin tsarin da ake da su na baya bayan nan),” ya rubuta.

Dangane da isar da waɗannan ra'ayoyin ga jama'a, 'yan kwanaki kaɗan bayan aika imel ɗin Fauci cewa ya gano kwayoyin halitta a matsayin "ya saba da tsammanin daga ka'idar juyin halitta," Andersen ya ƙarfafa masanan kimiyyar don sadarwa da kwayar cutar ta taso ta dabi'a ta hanyar amfani da irin wannan jumla, kawai juya: "daidai da juyin halitta."

"Idan daya daga cikin manyan dalilai na wannan takarda shine don magance waɗannan ra'ayoyin, ina ganin yana da matukar muhimmanci mu yi haka da karfi kuma a cikin harshe na musamman ("daidai da [juyin halitta] shine abin da na fi so lokacin da nake magana da masana kimiyya, amma ba lokacin magana da jama'a ba - musamman ma masu ra'ayin makirci)," ya rubuta.

1: 18 x

An sanar da shi ga ra'ayin cewa SARS-CoV-2 na iya samun rukunin rukunin furin ta ta hanyar jeri a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, a fili Fauci ya yi tambaya ko kwayar cutar za ta iya samun rukunin fashewar furin ta hanyar jeri a cikin berayen da aka ƙera da ƙwayoyin hanyar iska.

Baric, masanin cutar korona wanda ya sami tallafin NIAID don aiki tare da dakin binciken Wuhan, raba transgenic mice da lab.

"Gaskiya!" Farrar ya bayyana yana amsawa.

Collins ya nuna rashin jin daɗi cewa za a gudanar da irin wannan aikin a cikin BSL-2, ƙaramin matakin kare lafiyar halittu.

"Wild west," Farrar ya amsa.

Fabrairu 5, 2020: 'Na sake magana da WHO a safiyar yau'

6: 21 am

Farrar ce Fauci cewa ya kamata kungiyoyin su "matsi" WHO. Ya nemi Fauci da ya ba da shawarar sunayen mutanen da za su iya yin aiki kan binciken asali, amma babu ɗayan sunayen da Fauci ya ba da shawarar da ya ƙare kan kowane bincike.

"Francis da Tony,

Abubuwa guda biyu:

Na sake magana da WHO a safiyar yau. Na yi imani sun ji kuma sun yi aiki. Sanar da ni idan kun yarda
- A taron na WHO a mako mai zuwa za su kafa kungiyar da za ta "duba asali da juyin halitta na 2019n-CoV"
- Sun nemi sunayen da za su zauna a wannan rukunin - don Allah a aika kowane suna
- Za mu iya samun kira a wannan makon tare da babban rukuni na wannan don tsara aikin Ƙungiyar ciki har da - idan za ku iya shiga?
- Ina tsammanin wannan ya sanya shi a karkashin inuwar WHO, tare da aiki a wannan makon da kuma na gaba
- Tare da sunayen da za a gabatar a cikin Group daga gare mu da kuma matsa lamba ga wannan rukuni daga ku da namu mako mai zuwa

Ƙungiyar za ta sabunta daftarin yau kuma zan tura shi nan da nan - za su ƙara ƙarin sharhi kan glycans "

6: 57 am

Farrar yayi magana akan yuwuwar rukunin tsagewar furin da ya taso a cikin jerin abubuwan da ke cikin lab. Imel ɗin sa yana nuna cewa Fouchier na iya yin musayar bayanai akan rukunin yanar gizo na furin da ke tasowa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da masu binciken ƙwayoyin cuta.

"Ina tsammanin cewa idan kun sanya matsin lamba akan CoV ba tare da rukunin furin a cikin al'adar tantanin halitta ba, zaku iya samar da rukunin cleavage na furin bayan sassa da yawa (amma bari mu ga bayanan Ron!)," Farrar ya rubuta.

Fabrairu 6, 2020: Pangolin coronavirus yana haifar da rikici

10 am

A daidai lokacin da masanan kimiya na Yamma ke shirya bayanin bainar jama'a game da asalin dakin gwaje-gwaje, masana kimiyyar kasar Sin sun yi nasu sanarwar da ke nuni ga tushen halitta.

Masana kimiyya a Guangzhou, China, sun shirya taron manema labarai suna ba da sanarwar gano pangolin coronaviruses tare da yanki mai ɗaure mai karɓa - wani muhimmin sashi na furotin mai kauri wanda ke ɗaure ga sel ɗan adam - tare da ainihin kashi 98.6 cikin ɗari ga SARS-CoV-2, suna ambaton sakin labaran nasu.

Tsakanin 7 da 18 ga Fabrairu, masana kimiyyar kasar Sin sun gabatar da bincike daban-daban guda hudu ga mujallu na kimiyya daban-daban game da cutar sankara na pangolin.

Wasu masana kimiyya nan take suka bayyana damuwa game da rashin cikakken saitin danyen bayanai.

Amma Andersen da Holmes sun kama sanarwar. Likitocin sun bayyana kyakkyawan fata ga dan jarida a mujallar Nature cewa SARS-CoV-2 mai yiwuwa ya samo asali canje-canjen da ake buƙata don cutar da mutane ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin pangolin.

"Tabbas zan iya yarda cewa zai iya zama gaskiya," in ji Andersen.

"Ko da yake muna buƙatar ganin ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, yana da ma'ana saboda yanzu akwai wasu bayanan da ke fitowa waɗanda pangolins ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da alaƙa da 2019-nCoV," in ji Holmes.

Amincewar masu ilimin virologist ya zo duk da cewa ba a jera pangolins a cikin kididdigar jama'a na Kasuwar Abincin Teku ta Huanan, a cewar rahoton Nature.

An rarraba maganganun likitocin virologist ga al'ummar cututtukan da ke yaduwa ta hanyar faɗakarwa ga Tsarin rahoton ProMED.

Kuma yayin da Farrar da Collins suka bayyana fatan cewa bayanan pangolin za su yi bayani game da ban mamaki wurin fashewar furin, pangolin coronavirus ba shi da ɗaya.

Tabbas, binciken Daszak ya nuna cewa pangolin ya kasance tsaka-tsakin da ba zai yuwu ba. Daszak ya binciki kasuwannin Guangzhou rigar daga 2015 zuwa 2016 don dabbobin daji kuma ya gano pangolins ba su da yawa, bayar da rahoton nuna.

Daszak ya rubuta a cikin wata Fabrairu 28, 2020, imel da aka samu ta 'yancin sanin Amurka.

Ya ba da shawarar cewa pangolins, waɗanda ke cikin haɗari, ba da gaske ba ne tafki na SARS-CoV-2. Ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙananan adadin pangolin mai yiwuwa sun kamu da cutar kwatsam.

Daure mai kama da kamanceceniya aka bayyana kamar yadda ya faru a cikin pangolin coronavirus an samo shi daga saiti guda ɗaya da aka fara bayyana a cikin takarda na Oktoba 2019, tambayoyin wajedaga baya ya bayyana. Bayanan, wanda aka sake masa suna ba tare da danganta ga takardar da ta gabata ba, ta fito ne daga ’yan pangolin da Hukumar Kwastam ta Guangdong ta kama a watan Maris na 2019.

Yayin da aka fara ƙaddamar da wasu daga cikin bayanan zuwa bayanan jama'a a watan Satumba na 2019, an sake buga su a cikin Janairu 2020.

Mujallu guda biyu waɗanda suka buga takardu game da jerin pangolin sun buga gyare-gyare suna fayyace bayanan da aka raba.

An ɗauki har zuwa watan Yuni 2021 don yin gyara ga ɗaya daga cikin takaddun pangolin wanda ke bayyana a sarari cewa pangolins ba matsakaicin masauki bane, saboda ƙwayoyin cuta suna da alaƙa da nisa.

"Kamar kamanceceniya ba su da ƙarfi don tallafawa cewa pangolins matsakaicin runduna ne na SARS-CoV-2," in ji shi.

Fabrairu 7, 2020: 'A koyaushe akwai damuwa'

1: 21 am

Farrar yana sabunta Collins da Fauci akan binciken pangolin coronaviruses tare da rukunin tarwatsewar furin.

3: 05 x

Farrar ya aika imel Victor Dzau, shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta ƙasa, don ba da taimako don bincika asalin COVID-19.

Imel ɗin ya biyo bayan bugu na Fabrairu 6 na a NAESM wasika a martanin da Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Fadar White House game da asalin cutar. Duk da matsin lamba na Andersen, wasiƙar ba ta fito fili ta yi watsi da asalin lab ba.

"Tony (Francis) Patrick, ni da kaina da ƙungiyar da ke kusa sun kalli wannan a cikin kwanaki 10 na ƙarshe kuma suna iya samun wasu bayanan da za su raba wanda zai iya taimakawa," Farrar ya rubuta, yana kwafin Fauci da Collins.

Farrar nasaba da wani Labarin ABC News yana mai ba da rahoton cewa Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Fadar White House ya yi kira ga makarantun da su tsara matakai na gaba na binciken asalin COVID-19.

An nakalto Fauci a cikin labarin ABC, kuma yana yin ishara da zayyana "tushen asali."

"A koyaushe akwai damuwa," in ji Fauci game da tambayar injiniya. "Kuma daya daga cikin abubuwan da mutane ke yi a halin yanzu shi ne a hankali duba jeri don ganin ko akwai yiwuwar hakan zai iya faruwa. Kuma a karshe za ku iya tantance hakan. Don haka mutane suna kallonsa, amma a yanzu, an mai da hankali kan abin da za mu yi game da abin da muke da shi."

Fabrairu 8, 2020: 'Summary.Feb7.pdf'

4: 08 am

Farrar raba taƙaitaccen tattaunawa tsakanin masana kimiyya tare da Dzau da kuma shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da kuma shugaban Ofishin Harkokin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Fadar White House.

Daftarin aiki - "Summary.Feb7.pdf" - an sake gyara shi cikakke.

"Eddie Holmes da ƙaramin rukuni sun kasance suna duban asali da juyin halittar n-CoV gami da duk ka'idoji," Farrar ya rubuta a cikin imel zuwa Dzau, yana nufin taƙaitawar farko ga sabon coronavirus.

"Wannan ita ce taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani, wanda aka rubuta a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin tattaunawar [taron tarho] da muka kafa kuma mun haɗa da [Cibiyar Kula da Allergy da Cututtukan Cutar Anthony Fauci] da [Daraktan Kiwon Lafiya na Ƙasa Francis Collins] da kuma ƙaramin rukuni daga Amurka, UK, Turai da Ostiraliya, "Farrar ya rubuta.

Dukkan shafuka bakwai an gyara su.

Da yake mayar da martani ga 'Yancin Amurka na Sanin rahoto, Andersen ya ce a cikin wani sakon tweet cewa ra'ayin wannan takarda ya samo asali ne daga taron tarho na hadin gwiwa "ka'idar makirci ce," amma bai yi karin haske ba.

Wannan takarda guda ɗaya, "SummaryFeb7.pdf," za ta fito daga baya lokacin da Fauci, Holmes da Andersen suka ba da shawarar yadda za a mayar da martani ga wani bayanin da ba a bayyana ba da aka raba tare da Cohen, mai ba da rahoto na Mujallar Kimiyya.

Holmes zai bayyana takardar ga Cohen a matsayin taƙaitaccen rubutun "tushen asali" mai zuwa, yana mai cewa bai canza ba daga sigar da za ta fito a cikin mujallar kimiyya a watan Maris, a cewar imel da ɗan jaridar ya fitar a ƙarshen 2022.

A cikin ƙasa da mako guda, Andersen da Holmes sun tafi daga ɓacin rai game da watsa labarai ga duniya cewa SARS-CoV-2 an ƙera shi don shirya don gaya wa duniya abin da ba zai yiwu ba.

6: 52 am

Farrar ya raba daftarin tare da mahalarta akan kiran 1 ga Fabrairu. Farrar ya ce har yanzu suna ci gaba da yunƙurin samun bayanan jeri don pangolin coronaviruses da ake yayatawa cewa suna da wurin tsagewa.

Farrar yana neman ra'ayi akan dama biyu: Juyin Halitta da nassi na serial a cikin lab.

"Shin akwai wani abu kuma dangane da abin da zai yi kama da yuwuwar biyu: yanayi, mai masaukin baki, juyin halitta da nassi?" ya rubuta.

Farrar ya kuma tambaya ko ya kamata marubutan su buga labarin kwata-kwata.

A cikin martani, Drosten ya yi tambaya ga ƙungiyar: Me yasa ake ba da iskar oxygen ga yiwuwar asalin lab ɗin kwata-kwata?

"Shin muna aiki ne don karya ka'idar makircinmu?" Ya tambaya.

8: 10 x

Holmes ya mayar da martani ta hanyar jaddada cewa da yawa a kasar Sin sun yi imanin asalin dakin gwaje-gwaje na COVID-19 yana yiwuwa.

Holmes ya ce "Tun lokacin da aka fara wannan bullar an samu shawarwarin cewa kwayar cutar ta kubuta daga dakin binciken Wuhan, in dai kawai saboda daidaituwar inda cutar ta bulla da kuma wurin da dakin binciken yake," in ji Holmes. "Yawancin mutanen da ke wurin sun yi imani da wannan kuma sun yi imanin cewa karya ake yi musu."

Wadannan damuwar sun kara karfi lokacin da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan ta buga wani rubutun da ke nuna cewa sun yi samfurin RaTG13, kwayar cutar kashi 96 cikin dari mai kama da SARS-CoV-2, in ji Holmes.

"Na yi imani manufar / tambaya a nan ita ce ko mu, a matsayinmu na masana kimiyya, ya kamata mu yi ƙoƙari mu rubuta wani abu mai daidaituwa a kan kimiyyar da ke bayan wannan? Akwai muhawara game da yin haka, "in ji Holmes. "Da kaina, tare da kwayar cutar teh pangolin da ke da maɓalli na 6/6 a cikin yanki mai ɗaure mai karɓa, Ina goyan bayan ka'idar juyin halitta."

9: 21 x

Farrar ya bayyana manufarsa Don labarin: Don tsara muhawara game da yuwuwar asalin lab na COVID-19 kafin ta haifar da “mai yuwuwar ɓarna mai lahani” dangane da tattara zato tsakanin manema labarai da asusun kafofin watsa labarun cewa cutar ta barke tana da alaƙa da dakin gwaje-gwaje na coronavirus a tsakiyar sa.

"Manufar wannan ita ce a kawo tsaka-tsaki, girmamawa, ƙungiyar kimiyya tare don duba bayanan kuma a cikin tsaka-tsaki, hanyar da aka yi la'akari da ita don ba da ra'ayi kuma muna fatan za mu mai da hankali kan tattaunawar kan kimiyya, ba kan kowane maƙarƙashiya ko wata ka'ida ba da kuma sanya wata sanarwa mai mutuntawa don tsara duk wani muhawara da ke gudana - kafin muhawarar ta fita daga hannun tare da babbar illa."

10: 15 x

Andersen bayyana wa kungiyar cewa aniyarsa ita ce ta koma kan ka'idodin asalin lab, amma cewa babu isassun shaida.

“Babban aikinmu a cikin makonni biyun da suka gabata shi ne kwance kowane nau'i na ka'idar lab, amma muna kan tsaka-tsaki inda hujjar kimiyya ba ta isa ta ce muna da kwarin gwiwa kan duk wani babban ka'idoji guda uku da aka yi la'akari da su ba," ya rubuta.

Ya ce yana fatan ana yayata cewa ana samun coronaviruses a cikin pangolins tare da kamanceceniya da SARS-CoV-2 zai zama yanki na wasan wasa na ƙarshe a cikin tattaunawa game da asalin lab. Daga cikin ka'idodin makircin da ya lissafa: "Bioengineering," wani abu da ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar 'yan kwanaki baya.

"A yanzu, ba da la'akari da ka'idar dakin gwaje-gwaje yana da matukar tasiri wajen magance yawancin ka'idodin makircin da ke yawo, ciki har da sake hadewar kwayar cutar HIV, injiniyan halittu, da sauransu," in ji shi.

Har yanzu, ya bayyana bukatar magance gaskiyar cewa ana ci gaba da aiki kan coronaviruses a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na BSL-2, matakin ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya kuma yi tunanin wurin tsagewar furin ya cancanci ƙarin bincike.

Andersen ya shawarci kungiyar da su jira ƙarin bayanai, gami da pangolin coronaviruses, don "fito da wasu ƙaƙƙarfan maganganu masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka dogara da mafi kyawun bayanan da muke da shi."

Fabrairu 9, 2020: 'Wannan na iya koma baya'

Koopmans, shugaban sashen nazarin kwayoyin cuta a cikin Netherlands wanda ya yi kanun labarai don gudanar da bincike-bincike, ya ba da shawarar kada a buga kan yuwuwar tserewa daga dakin gwaje-gwaje kwata-kwata.

Koopmans ya ba da shawarar kawar da yuwuwar tserewa dakin gwaje-gwaje a matsayin hasashe a cikin labarin don tsoron "zai haifar da nata tunanin makirci."

Fabrairu 11, 2020: 'Mafarkin mafarki na shaida mai ma'ana'

9: 01 am

Lipkin ya aika wa mawallafan nasa imel game da "mafarkin mafarki na tabbataccen shaida" yana nuni ga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, a cewar Vanity Fair.

Lipkin ya rubuta: "Yana da kyakkyawan tunani kuma yana ba da hujja mai ma'ana game da injiniyan kwayoyin halitta.Ba ya kawar da yiwuwar sakin ba da gangan ba bayan daidaitawa ta hanyar zaɓin al'adu a cibiyar da ke Wuhan," Lipkin ya rubuta. "Idan aka yi la'akari da sikelin binciken jemage na CoV da aka bi a can da kuma wurin da aka fara samun shari'o'in ɗan adam na farko muna da mafarkin shaida mai ma'ana don tantancewa."

2: 30 x

fauci ya sadu da Baric, Masanin ilimin halittu wanda ya yi aiki tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, gami da aikin samun aiki akan coronaviruses wanda ya firgita Fauci da mawallafin "tushen asali."

Emily Erbelding, darektar sashen nazarin halittu da cututtuka masu yaduwa ta NIAID, ta shiga taron. Erbelding na iya zama “Emily” da aka dora wa alhakin binciken ko NIAID na da alaka da aikin Baric a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu.

Fabrairu 13, 2020: 'Ba yanki na gwaninta ba'

Daraktan Cibiyar rigakafi da Cututtuka ta CDC Nancy Messonnier ⁠— wacce ta ba da rahoto ga Redfield ⁠— ta nemi Fauci don ƙarin haske kan rahoton Cibiyar Ilimi ta ƙasa game da asalin SARS-CoV-2.

Fauci ya kwatanta tarho da imel da Farrar ke kira, kuma ya ce ya shiga biyu daga cikin waɗannan kiran.

"Akwai wata ƙungiyar talla ba bisa ƙa'ida ba wacce Jeremy Farrar na Wellcome Trust ke jagoranta," Fauci ya rubuta. "Wannan rukunin yana da kusan mutane 15, wadanda dukkaninsu masana kimiyya ne da ake girmamawa sosai, galibi masanan halittun juyin halitta waɗanda ke yin taro ta imel da kiran taro (Na kasance cikin waɗannan kira biyu tun lokacin da Jeremy ya gayyace ni) don duba duk jerin jemage, pangolin da coronavirus na ɗan adam don gwadawa da tantance asalin juyin halitta."

Fauci ya kara da cewa "Wannan ba yanki ne na gwaninta ba don haka na ja da baya na bar shi duka ga Jeremy."

Fabrairu 17, 2020: Preprint ya buga

Wasiku shine aka buga a matsayin preprint a kan virological.org.

Fabrairu 19, 2020: 'Ka yi Allah wadai da ka'idojin makirci'

Harafin in The Lancet don "yi la'akari da ka'idodin makircin da ke nuna cewa COVID-19 ba shi da asalin halitta" ya haɗa da Farrar a matsayin mai sa hannu.

Shugaban EcoHealth Alliance Peter Daszak ya shirya wasikar amma da gangan ya tsallake haɗin gwiwar EcoHealth tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan da sunan Jami'ar North Carolina masanin ilimin halittu Ralph Baric, masanin injiniyan coronavirus wanda ke aiki tare da EcoHealth da lab, don nuna nuna son kai.

Wasikar a bainar jama'a ta yi kira ga WHO da ta taka rawa wajen dakile ka'idar leak.

Lancet ta buga wasiƙar National Academyes, duk da cewa wasiƙar ba ta tabbatar da cewa kwayar cutar ta samo asali ba, duk da matsin lambar Andersen.

Ba a fayyace daidai lokacin da Farrar ya zaɓi sanya hannu kan wasiƙar Lancet ba, amma imel ɗin ya nuna cewa an aika daftarin farko ga masu rattaba hannu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu.

Maris 6, 2020: 'Na gode da shawararku da jagoranci'

Takardar ta samu karbuwa Yanayin Magunguna. Andersen ya godewa Fauci, Farrar da Collins saboda "shawarwari da jagoranci" tare da takardar, sun raba latsa release, kuma yana tambaya idan suna da ƙarin shawarwari. Andersen madaukai a cikin Garry, Rambaut da Lipkin.

"Dear Jeremy, Tony, da Francis,

Na sake gode muku don shawarwarinku da jagoranci yayin da muke aiki ta takardar 'asalin' SARS-CoV-2. Muna farin cikin cewa takardar magani ce kawai ta karɓi kuma yakamata a buga shi ba da daɗewa ba (ba a tabbatar da yaushe ba).

Don kiyaye ku cikin madauki, Ina so kawai in raba sigar da aka karɓa tare da ku, da kuma daftarin sakin manema labarai. Har yanzu muna jiran hujjoji, don haka da fatan za a sanar da ni idan kuna da wasu sharhi, shawarwari, ko tambayoyi game da takarda ko sanarwar manema labarai.

Tony, na gode da kai tsaye magana ta CNN a daren jiya - ana lura da shi. "

Maris 8, 2020: 'Kyakkyawan aiki akan takarda'

Fauci ya ba da amsa: "Na gode da bayanin ku. Kyakkyawan aiki akan takarda."

Maris 17, 2020: 'Yi hakuri, masu ra'ayin makirci'

An buga takardar a Nature Medicine kuma yayi watsi da ka'idar leak a cikin mahimmin sharuddan da ya fi ƙarfin bugawa. Takardar tana karɓar kulawar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa.

Fox News: "Coronavirus bai tsere daga dakin gwaje-gwaje ba: Ga yadda muka sani"
Mataimakin Mataimakin: "Sau ɗaya kuma ga duka, ba a yi sabon coronavirus a cikin Lab ba"
ABC News: "Yi hakuri, masu ra'ayin makirci. Bincike ya nuna cewa COVID-19 ba ginin dakin gwaje-gwaje bane."

Duk da kakkarfan kalamai da masana kimiyyar suka yi da kanun labarai masu inganci, Holmes zai ce bayan shekaru biyu da rabi cewa masanan ba su taba nufin takarda ta zama kalma ta karshe ba.

"Takarda ce kawai, ba dokar Paparoma ba ce, ba umarnin gwamnati ba ne, idan kun saba da ita, za ku iya sabawa da ita." Yace a karshen shekarar 2022. "Ilimi ne, iya?"

Maris 26, 2020: 'Wasu mutane ma suna yin iƙirari mara kyau'

Collins ya wallafa shafin yanar gizo fadada binciken, amma bai ambaci shigar kansa cikin tunaninsa ba.

"Wasu mutane har ma suna yin da'awar cewa sabon coronavirus da ke haifar da cutar an yi shi ne a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma da gangan aka sake shi don sanya mutane rashin lafiya," ya rubuta. "Wani sabon bincike ya karyata irin wannan iƙirarin ta hanyar samar da shaidar kimiyya cewa wannan sabon coronavirus ya taso ne a zahiri."

Wasiƙar "tushen kusanci" tana da iko mai girma na dangantakar jama'a, amma tana da tasiri a bayan fage kuma.

Masana kimiyya masu zaman kansu da ba a bayyana sunayensu ba, sun yi wa ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka bayani game da takardar jim kadan bayan wallafa ta, a cewar ta. rahoton ta Ofishin Sashen Hankali da Bincike.

kuma cewar DaszakWasikar ta taimaka wajen hana jami'an tsaron kasar binciken yuwuwar asalin dakin bincike na COVID-19 daga shekarar 2020. har zuwa tsakiyar 2021, bisa ga imel ɗin da aka samu ta Haƙƙin Sanin Amurka.

Afrilu 16, 2020: 'Abin mamaki ko akwai wani abu da NIH za ta iya yi don taimakawa wajen kawar da wannan mummunan makirci'

A ƙarƙashin taken taken "Maƙarƙashiya ta sami ci gaba" Collins ya tambayi Fauci - kwafin NIH na ƙarƙashin Lawrence Tabak, Cliff Lane, John Burklow - don ƙarin ra'ayoyi kan yadda za a "sake" ka'idar leak.

Mamakin ko akwai wani abu da NIH zai iya yi don taimakawa wajen kawar da wannan makircin mai halakarwa, tare da abin da ake ganin yana girma:

https://www.mediaite.com/tv/foxs-bret-baier-sources-increasinglyconfident-coronavirus-outbreak-started-in-wuhan-lab/

Ina fatan labarin Magungunan Halitta akan jerin kwayoyin halittar SARS-CoV-2 zai daidaita wannan. Amma mai yiwuwa bai sami gani sosai ba. Wani abu kuma za mu iya yi? Tambayi National Academy don auna nauyi?"

Afrilu 17, 2020: 'Abu ne mai sheki wanda zai tafi a lokuta'

2: 45 x

Fauci ya gaya wa Collins da abin ya shafa: "Ba zan yi wani abu game da wannan ba a yanzu, abu ne mai haske wanda zai shuɗe a wasu lokuta."

6: 22 x

a wani Taron manema labarai na fadar White House, Fauci ya ambaci " asali na kusa "kuma ya gaya wa manema labarai cewa kwayar cutar ta tashi ta dabi'a. Fauci ya karɓi kalmar da Andersen ya ba da shawarar ga Makarantun Ƙasa.

Ya siffanta kwayar halitta da "daidaitacce tare da tsalle-tsalle daga dabba zuwa mutum."

"Ba ni da marubuta a yanzu, amma za mu iya ba ku wannan," in ji shi.

Afrilu 20, 2020: 'Don Allah za ku iya taimaka mini samun kwafin waccan takarda?'

Dan jarida tare da The Washington Examiner ya bi NIH bayan taron manema labarai don neman kwafin takarda.

"Dokta Fauci ranar Juma'a ya ce zai raba takarda ta kimiyya tare da manema labarai kan asalin coronavirus. Don Allah za ku iya taimaka mini samun kwafin waccan takarda?" ya rubuta.

Fauci da kansa ya ba da amsa, yana raba takarda "tushen asali". Fauci shima ya raba takardaHolmes ya ba da izini mai taken "Hanyoyin halitta game da asali da bullowar SARS-CoV-2" da Holmes' sanarwa mai rakiyar. Holmes ya bayar da hujjar a cikin sanarwar cewa an yi samfurin RaTG13 daga lardin Yunnan, yayin da COVID-19 ya fara bayyana a Wuhan, kuma za a bukaci shekaru 20 zuwa 50 na juyin halitta don canza RaTG13 zuwa SARS-CoV-2.

Mayu 5, 2020: 'Muna matukar godiya da ƙoƙarinku na tuƙi da saƙo'

Lipkin, marubucin takarda, tura Fauci Musayar imel da Chen Zhu, tsohon Ministan Lafiya na China, game da asalin COVID-19.

"Muna matukar godiya da ƙoƙarinku na tuƙi da aika saƙo," ya rubuta.

Mafi yawan bayanan musanyar sa da Chen an sake gyara su.

"Rashin tabbas game da asalin cutar ta COVID-19 yana haifar da cece-kuce a duk duniya, musamman tsakanin Sin da Amurka, akwai yarjejeniya cewa mai haddasa cutar SARS-CoV-2 ya samo asali ne daga jemage, akwai kuma babban kwarin gwiwa cewa ba a canza kwayar cutar da gangan ba a kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje," bayanin Lipkin ya karanta a wani bangare.

Yuli 25-27, 2020: 'Ga abin da mutum ɗaya ke faɗi a bayan ku'

7: 22 am

An wanda ba a san shi ba ya aika imel Cohen, ɗan jarida tare da Mujallar Kimiyya, game da "bayan baya mai ban mamaki" wanda ba a sani ba a bayan takarda.

"Sannu Jon, Ganin abubuwan da kuka ambata kwanan nan game da asalin SARS-CoV-2 Ina tsammanin za ku iya sha'awar jin labarin tarihin takarda" Asalin kusancin SARS-CoV-2" (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9).

Imel ɗin ya bayyana sirrin taron wayar tarho a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu ga ɗan jaridar, gami da dalla-dalla cewa shugabannin biyu a cikin tallafin ilimin halittu sun halarta: Fauci da Farrar.

Mai ba da shawara ya rubuta cewa mawallafin "asali na kusa" sun gamsu da asalin lab kafin taron wayar tarho tare da wasu masana kimiyyar kwayar cutar da suka ƙware a cikin coronaviruses.

Kwararrun likitocin coronavir guda biyu da ba a bayyana sunansu ba a kiran 1 ga Fabrairu sun "makaranta" masana ilimin halittar jiki wadanda a karshe suka rubuta wasikar "kusa da tushe", a cewar mai ba da shawara.

Wadannan sauran likitocin coronavir, kodayake ba a ba da su a takarda ta ƙarshe ba, sun gamsar da su cewa kwayar halitta ba ta nuna alamun injiniya ba.

(Sabuwar imel na gaba da aka yi jama'a a ƙarƙashin FOIA za su nuna Fouchier yana da mahimmanci amma bashi da daraja tasiri akan labarin.)

27 ga Yuli, 3:02 na yamma

Cohen ya aika da sakon zuwa tushe guda biyu: Holmes da Andersen.

"Ga abin da wani mutum da ke da'awar cewa yana da ilimin kai tsaye yake fada a bayanku..." ya rubuta.

27 ga Yuli, 6:05 na yamma

Andersen da Holmes sun tattauna da Fauci da Farrar kan yadda ake mayar da martani.

Andersen ya tambayi Fauci idan yana da "damuwa ko tsokaci" game da tabbatar da ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2020, taron tarho ya faru tare da shi. NIH ta sake gyara wannan dalla-dalla daga sigar wannan imel ɗin da aka fitar a baya.

"Muna buƙatar mayar da martani ga Jon, wanda zai haɗa da tabbatar da cewa wannan taron ya faru tare da ku da Jeremy. Da fatan za a sanar da ni idan kuna da wasu maganganu, tambayoyi ko damuwa game da wannan," Andersen ya rubuta.

Andersen kuma ya haɗa da "Summary.Feb7.pdf" daftarin aiki.

Cohen bai taba rubuta game da tip ba. Ba za a bayyana taron wayar da kan jama'a ba na kusan shekara guda.

Cohen ya gaya wa Amurka Haƙƙin Sanin cewa ya yanke shawarar kin yin rubutu game da tukwici saboda, a ganinsa, ya ƙunshi ƙaramar koke-koke kan bashi.

Dan jaridar ya fitar da amsar da ya samu daga Holmes a cikin wani sakon blog a watan Oktoba 2022, amsa matsa lamba daga "labarai masu cike da hasashe da Twitterstorms," da kuma tsoron cewa NIAID za a tilasta ta sake shi ta hanyar shari'a tare da sauran ɗakunan labarai da kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari. Ya nemi izini daga Andersen, wanda ya nemi ya saki imel ɗin sa ga Fauci shima.

Amsar Holmes da Andersen ga tukwici sun yi magana game da tuhumar mai ba da shawara cewa "suna yada jita-jita" cewa SARS-CoV-2 ta yi.

Agusta 19, 2020: 'Mummunan hari akan hanyar gargajiya'

Collins da Fauci sun tattauna da tsohon Daraktan NIH Harold Varmus game da labaran labarai guda uku.

Daya labarin da aka bayyana Wasika daga Michael Lauer, mataimakin darektan NIH na bincike mai zurfi, neman littattafan lab da duba Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan ta hanyar EcoHealth Alliance a matsayin sharadin dawo da tallafi.

"Wannan duka lamarin mummunan hari ne kawai akan hanyar gargajiya ta NIH ta kiyaye mutuncinta," in ji Varmus a cikin labarin.

A rubutu na biyu An buga asalin lab na SARS-CoV-2.

Labari na uku ya ruwaito cewa NIAID ta bayar sabon tallafi ga EcoHealth Alliance, duk da rashin cika sharuddan da Lauer ya gindaya.

Agusta 27, 2020: NIAID tana ba da tallafi ga EcoHealth, Andersen

NIAID an bayar da dala miliyan 82 sama da shekaru 5 zuwa hanyar sadarwa na sabbin Cibiyoyin Bincike a cikin Cututtuka masu tasowa, gami da Lab Andersen da EcoHealth Alliance. (Garry, wani marubucin takardar “tushen kusanci”, shine a babban mai bincike akan aikin CREID tare da Lab Andersen.)

"Tasirin cutar ta COVID-19 tana zama abin tunatarwa game da barnar da za a iya yi lokacin da wata sabuwar cuta ta kamu da mutane a karon farko," in ji Fauci a cikin wata sanarwa. "Ilimin da aka samu ta wannan binciken zai kara mana shiri don barkewar cutar nan gaba."

Maris 30, 2021: 'Ba zai yuwu ba'

Rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya game da asalin COVID an sake shi sallama asalin lab kamar "mai wuyar yiwuwa," amma nan take Darakta Janar Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus ya nuna cewa binciken bai cika ba.

Daszak da Koopmans, masana kimiyya biyu waɗanda suka yi watsi da ka'idar leak a cikin Fabrairu 2020 - Daszak ta hanyar The Lancet da Koopmans ta hanyar rawar da ba a bayyana ba a cikin rubuta "tushen kusanci" - ya ƙunshi membobin ƙungiyar biyu.

The hade da rahoton WHO ya nuna cewa lokacin da masu bincike suka ziyarci Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, jagorancin lab ya ambaci " asali na kusa."

"Takarda ta manyan masana kimiyyar halittu a cikin Nature ta sake yin watsi da ra'ayin tushen injiniya," Shi ya fadawa kungiyar ta WHO.

Yuni 1, 2021: 'Misali bayyananne na tsarin kimiyya'

An sake gyarawa BuzzFeed News ya fitar da imel biyo bayan shari'ar FOIA ta bayyana cewa masana kimiyyar halittu da ke bayan "asali na kusa" sun fara gano kwayoyin halittar "wanda bai dace da tsammanin daga ka'idar juyin halitta."

Andersen ya musanta ra'ayin cewa NIH ta tsara labarin. Andersen ya goge tweets kafin ya kashe asusun Twitter na ɗan lokaci a cikin koma bayan da aka samu.

"Abin da imel ɗin ke nunawa shine bayyanannen misali na tsarin kimiyya," ya fadawa jaridar New York Times a cikin imel.

Yuni 20, 2021: 'Ina so in bayyana cewa ban taba ba ku shawarar sharewa ba… da preprint'

Fred Hutchinson Masanin ilimin halitta Jesse Bloom ya tuntubi Collins da Fauci game da rahoton bugu mai zuwa cewa NIH ta share farkon SARS-CoV-2 bayanan kwayoyin halittar da aka yi a Wuhan daga bayanan jama'a, da kuma tambaya game da dawo da wasu bayanan da watakila an share su wanda zai iya ba da haske kan juyin halittar kwayar cutar.

Collins ya shirya kiran zuƙowa a ranar 20 ga Yuni, ranar Lahadi, a cewar wani Rahoton Vanity Fair.

Shugabannin NIH sun gayyaci biyu daga cikin mawallafin takarda na "tushen asali": Andersen da Garry.

Andersen ya bukaci Bloom da ya ba shi damar zurfafa rubutun, a cewar bayanan Bloom. Fauci ya nisanta kansa daga waɗannan kalaman na Andersen, amma ya nemi Bloom da kar ya yi amfani da kalmar "da gangan."

Bloom ya ƙi share takardarsa.

Janairu 12, 2022: 'Hakan zai kara ma masu tada kayar baya'

Ma'aikatan majalisa da NIH sun yi shawarwarin yarjejeniya don duba kwafin imel ɗin da BuzzFeed ya samu a watan Yuni. a kyamara. A wasu kalmomi, ma'aikatan majalisa na iya duba imel a NIH, rubuta su, da bayyana abubuwan da ke cikin su, amma ba za su sake kwafi ba.

Cikakkun bayanan da ba a tantance su ba sun nuna damuwa a tsakanin marubutan game da abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba na kwayoyin halitta.

Garry ya nace cewa shigar NIH bai yi tasiri a cikin binciken su ba imel zuwa The Intercept.

"Ba Drs. Fauci ko Collins gyara mu Proximal Origins takarda ta kowace hanya. Babban ra'ayin da muka samu daga Fabrairu 1 teleconference shi ne: 1. Kada ka yi kokarin rubuta takarda kwata-kwata - ba lallai ba ne ko 2. Idan ka rubuta shi kada ka ambaci wani Lab asalin kamar yadda zai kawai ƙara man fetur ga maƙarƙashiya," ga Garry ya ce a cikin wani imel.

Bayan da aka buga labarin, Garry ya aika da wani sharhi mai zuwa: "Abu ɗaya da za a iya kuskure shi ne cewa ba Dr Fauci ko Dr Collins ba ya ba da shawarar ta kowace hanya cewa ba za mu rubuta takardar Proximal Origin ba. Haka kuma, babu wanda ya ba da shawarar kada mu ambaci yiwuwar asalin Lab. Waɗannan maganganun ne daga wasu a cikin imel bayan kiran. "

Yuli 1, 2022: Lipkin ya bayyana a matsayin tsohon abokin tarayya na EcoHealth

Lipkin, marubucin marubucin "tushen kusanci," an gano ya taɓa kasancewa bayyana a matsayin "abokin tarayya"akan gidan yanar gizon EcoHealth Alliance.

Lipkin, wanda ya taɓa abokin tarayya na EcoHealth Alliance, ya gaya wa abokan aikinsa a cikin imel ɗin 2017 da Amurka ta samu don sanin cewa ya yi aiki kai tsaye tare da masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan.

"Za mu iya shiga cikin ci gaban wannan dakin gwaje-gwaje, bai yi latti ba da za a yi aure," in ji Lipkin. "Na ziyarci Wuhan kuma na sami haɗin gwiwa tare da masana kimiyya a Wuhan ta hanyar USAID/PREDICT da CAS."

Ba a ba da rahoton waɗannan rikice-rikice ba a cikin sashin rigingimu na takarda.

Yuli 31, 2022: Hulɗa tsakanin Holmes da Cibiyar Nazarin Virology ta Wuhan

Jeri ɗari da sittin da uku da ke bayanin coronaviruses-kamar SARS ya bayyana akan bayanan NIH, amma da sauri ya ɓace daga sakamakon binciken bayanan. (Waɗannan jeri-jefi na iya zama abin nema ga mutanen da suka san lambobin shiga su.)

Biyu daga cikin marubutan su ne Shi, babban masanin kimiyya a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, da Holmes, mawallafin takardar "tushen kusanci".

Abubuwan da aka ɗorawa sun haɗa m jerin na RaTG13, kwayar cutar dan uwa zuwa SARS-CoV-2.

"Abin ban mamaki game da waɗannan ƙaddamarwa shine sunana a kansu… Ba zan iya ƙididdigewa ba. Na yi tunani, 'Me yasa nake kan wannan?'" Holmes ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa. hira 2022 ga Satumba. "Sai na waiwaya, sai ya zama akwai wannan takarda da ba a taba bugawa ba."

Holmes ya ba da gudummawar bincike kuma ya taimaka rubuta takarda da ba a buga ba game da coronaviruses na jemage a cikin Janairu 2018 bisa buƙatar wani masanin kimiyyar Shanghai mai suna Jie Cui, in ji shi.

"Wasu bishiyoyi ne kawai [phylogenetic] da wasu nazarin sake hadewa," in ji Holmes. "Suna da sha'awar musamman ga abin da suke kira 'tsari na kudu,' da kuma inda aka sami SARS1, da kuma inda ake samun ƙwayoyin cuta na jemage na SARS1 a Guangdong da Lardin Yunnan.

Kadan daga cikin mujallu sun ƙi takardar saboda ba ta haɗa da cikakkun kwayoyin halitta ba. Cui yayi gwagwarmaya don samun cikakkun kwayoyin halitta. An janye takardar a watan Oktoban 2018.

"Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa na manta da shi gaba daya, saboda ba a buga shi ba," in ji Holmes.

Holmes ya ba da jerin jeri ga Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawarar Kimiyya ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya akan Tushen Cututtukan Novel, wanda ke binciken asalin COVID-19.

Alakar da ke tsakanin Holmes da dakin binciken Wuhan ba a bayyana ba Yanayin Magunguna.

A halin yanzu, Holmes yana da watsi da damuwa cewa gudummawar da ya bayar ga wannan takarda na iya rikitar da bincikensa game da asalin COVID-19 a matsayin "da'awar wawa."

"Na manta da gaske game da wannan takarda," in ji shi.

Gyara, 12/8/22: Wannan labarin ya ba da rahoto cikin kuskure cewa har yanzu ba a san cewa ba a siyar da pangolins a Kasuwar Abincin Teku ta Huanan a lokacin da aka tsara "tushen kusanci" a cikin Fabrairu 2020. A zahiri an ruwaito shi a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 2020, cewa pangolins ba sa cikin kasuwar inventory.

Gyara, 10/25/22: Wannan labarin ya ɓad da wani binciken 2015 coronavirus riba-na-aiki kamar yadda ya ci gaba bayan da aka dakatar da aikin samun aiki akan SARS, MERS, da kuma aikin mura an ɗauke shi a cikin 2017. A gaskiya ma NIH ta ba da banda ga marubutan binciken a lokacin dakatarwa.

Shiga cikin tattaunawar:

An buga ƙarƙashin a Commonirƙirar Commonabi'a Mai Creativeayatarwa 4.0 Licenseasashen Duniya
Don sake bugawa, da fatan za a saita hanyar haɗin yanar gizo zuwa asali Cibiyar Brownstone Labari da Marubuci.

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Emily Kopp

Emily Kopp 'yar jarida ce mai bincike tare da 'yancin sanin Amurka. Ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Georgia summa cum laude, inda ta sami digiri a aikin jarida, al'amuran duniya da tattalin arziki.

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