Zai yi kama da Martin Heidegger's gargadi a kan 'tushen fasaha' - firam, ko Ƙaddamarwa - hanyar tunani wanda ke tsara duk abin da muke tunani, aikata, da burinmu, dangane da sigogi na mafi kyawun amfani ko sarrafawa, ba mafarki ba ne, yin la'akari da shaidar irin wannan ƙoƙarin a yau. Da alama masu binciken injiniya a Jami'ar Arewa maso yamma sun sami nasarar haɓakawa da gina na farko microchip mai tashi a duniya. Sai dai a maimakon aiwatar da wannan gagarumin abin al'ajabi don inganta rayuwar jama'a, sai ga alama akasin haka.
A wani yunkuri na jefa George Orwell's 1984 A cikin haske mai haske, waɗannan abubuwa masu tashi da ba a iya gani da kyau za a tsara su kuma ƙungiyoyi irin su Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Duniya (WEF) za su yi amfani da su don sa ido kan yawan jama'a, don gano abin da ake kira 'laifikan tunani' daga ɓangaren 'yan ƙasa. Ba sai an fayyace hakan ba, za a yi hakan ne da nufin sarrafa mutane ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, tare da hasashen matakin da ake dauka na ‘laifi’ kafin a aikata shi.
Wannan labari yana haskaka ɗaya daga cikin dabi'un almara na kimiyya: tsammanin abin da zai iya faruwa, kuma sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin sararin zamantakewa na ainihi, kamar yadda yake a nan. Duk wanda ya saba da Steven Spielberg's baki Fim din almarar kimiyya na 2002, 'yan tsiraru Report, zai gane a nan takwaransa na ainihin duniyar labarin fim ɗin, wanda ya ta'allaka daidai da ikon gano tunanin 'laifi' da niyyar a cikin zukatan mutane kafin a aikata waɗannan laifuffuka - musamman kisa -. Bambanci shi ne cewa a cikin fim ɗin Spielberg ikon fahimta, da kuma tsammani, laifuffuka na gaba sun kasance, ba na na'urori na fasaha ba, amma ga mutane uku masu banƙyama (wanda ake kira 'precogs'), wanda ikon tunanin tunanin tunanin 'yan sanda na 'Precrime' ya dogara.
A bayyane yake ɓangarorin sarrafawa na yau ba su son wani abu mai yuwuwa mai yuwuwa kamar ɗan adam, komai hazaka ta hauka, don saka idanu da sarrafa marasa ƙarfi, masu iya tawaye - a cikin 'yan tsiraru Report wasu 'rahotanni' mabambanta kan laifukan da aka yi hasashen suna faruwa a cikin 'precogs', tare da hana cikakken tabbaci na sarrafawa; don haka sunan fim din. Kamar dai jimillar sa ido ta hanyar 'Flying microchips' bai isa ba, an ruwaito (duba hanyar haɗin yanar gizo don 'Flying microchip,' a sama) cewa Bill Gates ya ba da izinin 'yancinsa na musamman' don 'hardata jikin ɗan adam,' ta yadda za a iya amfani da ikonsa na aiki' azaman hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta. Ba wai kawai ba, amma haƙƙin mallaka ya yi hasashen yin amfani da jikin ɗan adam azaman tushen wutar lantarki don na'urori tare da su. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin aikace-aikacen patent,
An bayyana hanyoyin da na'urori don rarraba wuta da bayanai zuwa na'urori masu hade da jikin mutum. Ana amfani da jikin ɗan adam azaman hanyar sadarwa, misali bas, wanda ake rarraba wuta da/ko bayanai akansa. Ana rarraba wutar lantarki ta hanyar haɗa tushen wutar lantarki zuwa jikin ɗan adam ta hanyar saitin farko na lantarki. Ɗaya ko fiye da ƙirƙira [sic] da za a yi amfani da su, misali na gefe [sic], ana kuma haɗa su da jikin mutum ta hanyar ƙarin nau'ikan lantarki.
A cewar rahoton bidiyo (a kan 'flying microchip'), ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam da ke sa ido kan sabbin fasahohi a cikin fasaha, a fahimta, sun nuna damuwarsu game da ƙoƙarin haƙƙin mallakar sassan jikin ɗan adam, 'a cikin wannan yanayin fata,' kuma sun yi jayayya cewa 'bai kamata ya zama ta kowace hanya ba.' Sun kuma tayar da tambayar, ko mutane za su sami damar kin amfani da irin wannan fasahar. Kamar yadda ake cewa, Zan kasance a shirye in yi cin amanar gonar da irin wannan ƙi da waɗanda masu fasahar zamani (ciki har da Gates) suka gani. a matsayin 'ƙananan mutane' ba za a yarda da su ba (idan suna da ikon yanke shawara kan lamarin, wanda nake fata da gaske ba zai kasance ba yayin da turawa ya zo).
Har ila yau, sanin almara na kimiyya ya bayyana kansa a nan, musamman game da amfani da jikin mutum don samar da iko. Tuna fim ɗin almara kimiyyar cyberpunk, The Matrix (1999), wanda Wachowskis biyu suka jagoranta (lokacin da suke 'yan'uwa; yanzu su ne 'yan'uwa mata transgender), tare da fasahar fasahar fasahar sa na gaba dystopian mai kama da abin da ke faruwa a kusa da mu kwanan nan. Abubuwan da suka dace na The matrixLabarin - wanda ya shafi amfani da makamashin da ake samarwa da adanawa a cikin jikin ɗan adam, wanda Gates yake son yin haƙƙin mallaka - ya shafi rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin nau'ikan mutane biyu, nau'in 'blue-pilled' da takwarorinsu na 'ja-jaja'.
Na farko ya haɗa da mafi yawan mutane, waɗanda ke zaune a cikin AI-halitta, gaskiyar da aka kwatanta, yayin da suke kwance a cikin kwasfa, daga inda suke samar da makamashi ga duniya wanda ke gudana ta hanyar cinematic 'Matrix'. Akasin haka, ƙungiyar ja-jajayen, waɗanda (an) tada su ga firgicin yanayin yanayin su mai shuɗi, sun haɗa da 'yan tawayen da suka ƙaddamar da gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya da 'Matrix,' wanda ya zama babban tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare na kwamfuta (blue-pilled) mutane yayin da suke zana ƙarfinsu na zahiri da na tabin hankali don ci gaba da ci gaba da wannan elabori.
Bai kamata a manta da kamanni da yanayin da ake ciki yanzu a duniyar da ta wuce ba: maiyuwa ba za mu kasance a zahiri kwance a cikin kwasfa ba, tare da karfin rayuwarmu da ke cikin rudani zuwa ikon duniya, amma - musamman tun daga 2020, kodayake yana ci gaba da baya - yawancin mutane sun sami nasarar yin shuɗi da fasaha ta hanyar fasaha. Wadannan abubuwan sha na son rai suna tafiya game da kasuwancin su na yau da kullun, suna jin daɗin cewa matrix (ainihin-matrix ') suna kula da misalin cewa abubuwa masu kama da juna suna sane ba su zama haka ba.
Kamar dai yadda a cikin fim din Neo (wani bayyananne anagram na 'Daya') an kubutar da shi daga kurkukun da Morpheus ('Fashioner;' Abin mamaki allahn barci da mafarkai, wanda a nan yake aiki a matsayin wakili don farkawa), wanda ya ba shi kwayar ja wanda ya ba shi damar shiga tawaye da 'Matrix,' don haka, har yanzu, matsayinsu na 'matsayi' na 'yan adam'. simulation na kafofin watsa labarai a yau, ana buƙatar ba da 'jajayen kwaya' don tashi. An yi sa'a a gare su, ƙungiya kamar Brownstone tana nan daidai don rarraba jajayen kwayoyi ga waɗanda ke karɓar samuwarsu.
Darasi? Ko da sarrafa fasaha (a kan kafofin watsa labaru, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa) yana ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyau ga mafi kyau, wannan ba zai yiwu a cimma shi ba, har abada, idan aka ba da sha'awar aƙalla wasu mutane, don tsayayya da irin wannan cikakken iko.
Wani na iya yin mamakin dalilin da ya sa wasu mutane ke ganin sun yi tsayayya da kiran fasaha na Siren, wanda ya bayyana yana ba masu amfani da karfi fiye da yadda suke jin dadi (duk da cewa, a gaskiya, sau da yawa yakan hana su a ƙarshe), yayin da wasu ke shiga da zaran wannan jarabar ta tayar da kai mai ban sha'awa. Masanin falsafa bayan-tsari, Jean-Francois Lyord, na iya haskaka daya a nan.
A cikin littafi mai ban sha'awa da aka fassara kamar Rashin Dan Adam (1991), wannan haziƙan mai tunani ya bambanta iri biyu na 'rashin ɗan adam;' da daya ana iya gane shi a cikin abin da ya gani a matsayin tsarin 'rashin dan Adam' na (fasaha) 'ci gaba' a lokacin, wanda ke da tasirin 'mallaka' tunanin mutane (shin wannan ya zama sananne?), yayin da sauran maras kyau, mai banƙyama, zai iya ceto mu daga irin wannan mulkin mallaka. Dan kamar kwayoyin ja da shudi a ciki The Matrix. Wannan shi ne yadda Lyord ya tsara bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan 'rashin ɗan adam' guda biyu (1991: 2):
Wanda zai sanya nau'i biyu na rashin mutuntaka. Ba makawa ba ne a sanya su rabuwa. Rashin mutuntaka na tsarin wanda a halin yanzu ake ƙarfafawa a ƙarƙashin sunan ci gaba (a tsakanin wasu) dole ne ya kasance a cikin rikice-rikice tare da sirri mara iyaka wanda rai yake garkuwa da shi. Don yin imani, kamar yadda ya faru da ni, cewa na farko zai iya ɗauka daga na biyu, ba da magana, kuskure ne. A maimakon haka tsarin yana da sakamakon mantar da abin da ya kubuce masa. Amma abin bakin ciki shi ne na tunani da wani bako da ba a san shi ba ya tada hankalinsa, yana aika abin sha’awa amma kuma yana sanya shi tunani – idan mutum ya ce ya kebe shi, in bai ba shi mafita ba, sai ya kara ta’azzara shi. Rashin jin daɗi yana girma tare da wannan wayewar, ɓoyewa tare da bayanai.
Sai dai idan mutum ya saba da nazarin ilimin halin ɗan adam, cikakken ma'anar wannan nassi, wanda yake a cikin ɗan taƙaitaccen bayani, amma ƙaƙƙarfan Gabatarwa ga littafin, tabbas zai iya tserewa ɗaya. Jumla ta ƙarshe, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun magana ce ga ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun Freud. Wayewa da abubuwan da ke cikinta (1929), inda na karshen ya yi jayayya cewa, yayin da tarihin wayewa ke ci gaba, rashin jin daɗin ɗan adam duk da haka yana ci gaba, idan aka yi la'akari da rikici tsakanin tuƙi na ɗan adam ko ilhami (waɗanda dole ne su gamsu, don kada su sami wani, bala'i, magana), a gefe guda, da kuma danniya daga cikin waɗannan, waɗanda babu makawa suna tafiya tare da 'wayewa'. Daidaitaccen abin da Lyord ya zana a nan, wanda ke nuna 'keɓancewa' na 'bayanai,' ya haɗa da sukar da ba ta dace ba game da abin da ake kira jama'ar bayanai (namu).
Menene wannan adadin? Na farko, 'keɓancewa' a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam lokaci ne mai ƙarfi fiye da 'danniya.' Ƙarshen yana nufin tsarin da kayan da ba a yarda da su ba ga psyche an kori su zuwa sume, amma wanda iya, tare da taimakon ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tabin hankali za a kawo su cikin sani. 'Kwacewa',' a daya bangaren, yana nufin tsarin da ba a kawar da gogewa a cikin sume kawai ba, amma an kore shi daga psyche gaba ɗaya, ba za a iya dawo da shi ba.
Maganar Lyotard? Al’ummar da aka yi wa fahariya da yawa shaida ce ga babbar hasarar arziƙin ruhi a cikin mutane, saboda munanan illolin hanyoyin sadarwa, waɗanda ke tattare da hanyoyin ceton lokaci, a cikin wannan tsari suna tsoma baki cikin ikon tunani da tunani game da abin da ke fuskantarsa. Lyotard yayi bayani (shafi na 3):
Ci gaba yana sanya ajiyar lokaci. Yin tafiya da sauri shine manta da sauri, riƙe kawai bayanan da ke da amfani daga baya, kamar a cikin 'karatun sauri'. Amma rubutawa da karantawa waɗanda ke ci gaba da baya ta hanyar abin da ba a sani ba 'ciki' yana da hankali. Mutum ya bata lokacinsa yana neman lokacin da ya bata. Anamnesis [daga Girkanci don tunawa] shine ɗayan sandar - ba ma wannan ba, babu wata axis gama gari - wasu na hanzari da raguwa.
Anamnesis shine abin da ke faruwa a lokacin nazarin ilimin halin ɗan adam, har zuwa mai bincike ko haƙuri, ta hanyar haɗin kai kyauta, yana tunawa da abubuwan da suka dace da waɗancan mahimman abubuwan da ta ko ta danne, kuma dole ne a kwashe su don 'maganin' iri iri ya faru. Gaba dayan al'adar wannan zamani tana cikin alkiblar gaba da ita; wato mantawa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, ko kamewa, tare da sakamakon cewa, maimakon kusantar wannan 'abu mai ban sha'awa na ciki' - wanda marubuta, masu fasaha, da masu tunani suke ƙoƙari su fahimta, kwatanta ko ka'idar tun farkon tarihin ilimin rubutu - muna kawai kore shi daga hangen hankalinmu.
Don haka hujjar Lyoard tana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da lokaci - wanda shine cikakken jigon Rashin Dan Adam - amma kuma ga ilimi, wanda a yau ya zama babban jigon tunani tun bayan da mummunan sakamakon kulle-kulle na kwanan nan ga ilimi ya bayyana. Ka tuna da nau'in 'rashin ɗan adam' na biyu da ake magana a kai a cikin nassi na farko daga Lyord, a sama - 'sirri marar iyaka wanda rai yake garkuwa da shi,' sabanin tsarin rashin ɗan adam na ci gaban fasaha. Yana iya zama abin mamaki a lura cewa, kamar yadda Lyord yayi bayani a cikin Gabatarwa da ake tambaya, wannan mutum shi ne ainihin (paradoxically) abin da ya sa mu mutum, kuma a cikin sanannen ma'ana, wanda ya shafi ilimi.
Ba asiri ba ne cewa, ba kamar sauran dabbobi ba, 'dabba mai hankali' na mutum yana buƙatar zama ilimi don aiwatar da ita ko damarsa a matsayinsa na ɗan adam. Karnuka da dawakai (da wasu halittu) ana iya horar da su, sabanin ilimi, amma kamar sauran dabbobin sun zo duniya suna da wani tsari na ilhami wanda zai ba su damar tsira daga dan kadan bayan an haife su.
’Yan Adam sun bambanta, kuma za su halaka sai dai idan iyayensu ko masu kula da su ba su kula da su sosai ba, na wani ɗan lokaci, ta abin da ake kira ilimi. Kafin yaro ya sami harsunan sadarwa, sun yi kama da ƙananan 'Ids' na Freudian a ƙafafu - ƙananan bijimai a cikin shagunan China, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa Lyord yayi magana a wani wuri na 'ruhun yara'.
Don haka, ba za a iya fara tunanin tarbiyyar yaro ba, sai dai idan mutum ya yi tunanin cewa, kafin kowane irin ’ya’yan itacen da aka sani na irin wannan tarbiyya, akwai wannan ‘sirri mara iyaka’ na rashin mutuntaka a cikin kowane yaro, wanda sai an yi shi ya zama wani abu na mutum. Sai dai…kamar yadda Lyoard ya tunatar da mutum, ko da ingantaccen ilimin ɗan adam ba zai taɓa yin mulkin wannan ɗan adam na farko ba. cikakke. Wani abu daga ciki dole ne ya kasance, har abada, a cikin zurfin zurfin tunani na ɗan adam, in ba haka ba - kuma wannan shi ne kati na mai tunani na Faransanci - ta yaya mutum zai iya bayyana ikon ɗan adam don tsayayya da ƙoƙarin danne ko 'mallakar' su ta hanyar akida mai tsaka-tsaki ko matakan dystopian na (fasaha) sarrafawa?
ba cewa wannan karfin, wanda duk dan Adam ya mallaka a baya-bayan nan, yana samuwa ne a cikin al'amuran dukkan bil'adama - sun shaida 'yan tsiraru (amma masu girma) a fadin duniya wadanda suka jajirce kan 'marasa mutunci' mai zurfi don kwato 'yan adam ta fuskar wani yunkuri na zalunci na kwace musu bil'adama. A wannan ma'anar 'baƙon da ba'a sani ba' a cikinmu, wanda wani lokaci yana 'tashi' mu da kuma 'aiko mana da abin sha'awa,' shine sharadi na zama ɗan adam, marar hankali kamar yadda ake gani.
Ba abin mamaki ba, wannan damar da za mu iya kiran 'rashin ɗan adam' ma ya kasance bincike ta hanyar almarar kimiyya. Don koma ga irin wannan misali guda ɗaya kawai, cikakkiyar tattaunawa wacce ke da alaƙa a sama, Andrew Niccol's dystopian, fim ɗin gaba, A Lokacin (2011), ya ba da labarin wani matashi da ya gano nasa ‘marasa mutunci’ a lokacin da aka ba shi damar daƙile ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran lokaci da kuma gurfanar da su a gaban shari’a.
Bari in yi bayani a taƙaice abin da wannan ke nufi. 'A cikin lokaci' a nan indexes a 22nd-karni duniya inda kudi da aka maye gurbinsu da lokaci, genetically engineer a cikin mutane, tare da dijital lokaci agogon a kan kowane mutum ta wuyan hannu, wanda ya fara gudu baya (daga dijital shekara da farko ba kowa da kowa) da zaran sun juya 25. Ya kamata Agogon ya kai sifili, daya ya mutu, kuma shi ne kawai hanyar da za a yi aiki don hana wannan kudin, da kuma lokacin da za a yi amfani da lokacin da za a yi amfani da lokacin da za a yi amfani da kudin don hana wannan kudi. agogo.
Duniya ta kasu kashi 'lokaci zones' a cikin wani takamaiman ma'ana, inda lokaci billionaires rayuwa a cikin cibiyar, da kuma yayin da daya motsa daga can, wanda ya wuce ta hanyar lokaci zones a rage matakan lokaci dũkiya, har ka samu zuwa yankin na matalauta, wanda ba su taba samun fiye da 24 dijital hours zuwa ga daraja. Idan cikakken ikon sarrafa ɗan adam fasaha ne, wannan shine. Amma kar a raina sirrin 'marasa mutunci' da ke cikin ruhin ɗan adam…
A lokacin da Will, mu protagonist, aka baiwa shekaru 116 (wanda zai iya canja wurin mutum lokaci zuwa wasu) da wani lokaci-arziƙi, suicid mutum, ya ƙulla niyyar yunkurin da ba zai yiwu ba, wato ya ratsa cikin lokaci-al'umma har sai ya isa tsakiyar yankin, inda wadanda suka tara lokaci zuwa ga kama-da-wane dawwama rayuwa, don aiwatar da adalci. Ba zan lalata labarin ba ta hanyar bayyana duk cikakkun bayanai game da manufarsa - taimakon da kyakkyawan ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata, kamar yadda aka saba.
Ya isa a faɗi cewa, idan aka ba da yanayin da ba za a iya yiwuwa ba na nemansa - yi tunanin yadda yawancin cikas da manyan za su sanya a cikin hanyar duk wanda ke da girman kai don ƙalubalanci lokacin su - kawai wanda zai iya, a cikin sharuddan Lyord, don shiga cikin nasu psyche da samun damar yin amfani da precondition don tawaye - wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba - wanda ba zai yuwu ba. azzalumai, masu amfani da lokaci na fasaha. Akwai darasi mai haske a gare mu, a yau.
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Bert Olivier yana aiki a Sashen Falsafa, Jami'ar Jihar Kyauta. Bert yayi bincike a cikin Psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, falsafar muhalli da falsafar fasaha, adabi, cinema, gine-gine da Aesthetics. Ayyukansa na yanzu shine 'Fahimtar batun dangane da girman mulkin neoliberalism.'
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