A kowace shekara biyu, Ƙungiyoyin 183 na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) game da Tabar Sigari (FCTC) sun hadu don taron ƙungiyoyi (COP). Wannan ita ce hukumar gudanarwar yarjejeniyar: taron diflomasiyya na rufaffiyar inda ake yanke shawara kan manufofin taba na duniya, ka'idojin tsari, takaddun fasaha, da kuma tsarin siyasa na tsarin yarjejeniya.
An keɓe ƙungiyoyin farar hula. Da kyar ake kyale ‘yan jarida. Waje suna fitowa ne kawai a cikin “taron jama'a” da aka sarrafa sosai, yayin da duk shawarwari masu mahimmanci suna faruwa a bayan kofofin kulle. Sakatariyar FCTC ne ke mamaye waɗannan tarurrukan da kuma ƙaramin ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin sa-kai da Bloomberg ke samun tallafi waɗanda ke kewaya ta. Abin da suka yarda ya zama ajanda; abin da suke adawa da shi sau da yawa ana daukarsa a matsayin shege. Wannan tsarin shine muhimmin tushe ga labarin COP11.
Mafi bayyana lamarin daga COP11 bai shafi haraji ko abin alhaki ba. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ne a kan ƙaramin rukuni na ƙasashe—Saint Kitts & Nevis, Dominica, New Zealand, Philippines, da sauransu—wanda ya yunƙura ya ɗaga wani batu mara daɗi amma a bayyane yake: samfuran nicotine mafi aminci sun wanzu, miliyoyin suna amfani da su, kuma ya kamata yarjejeniyar ta duba da gaske ga shaidar. Don haka, an kai musu hari, an kunyata su, an kuma zarge su da yin hidimar sha'anin taba. Cajin ba ƙarya ba ne kawai, amma ƙirƙira ƙiren ƙarya da aka tsara don kare ikon akidar na'urar FCTC.
Masu ciki-Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Bloomberg, masu fasaha na sakatariya, da ƴan ƙwararrun malamai-sun san ayyukan rage cutarwa. Sun san manya masu shan sigari suna canzawa lokacin da akwai samfuran aminci. Kuma sun san yarda da hakan zai fallasa iyakokin dabarun FCTC. Maimakon su fuskanci wannan gaskiyar, suna kai hari ga al'ummomin da suke magana da babbar murya.
Buƙatar Sauƙaƙan: "Za mu iya Dubi Shaidar?"
Saint Kitts & Nevis sun gabatar da shawara mai ma'ana a COP10: ƙirƙira ƙungiyar aiki akan rage cutar da sigari, wanda aka kafa a cikin Mataki na 1 (d) na yarjejeniya, wanda ke bayyana sarrafa sigari kai tsaye tare da rage cutarwa. Yana da tsarin mulki maimakon juyin-juya-hali — a zahiri buƙatar sake duba shaida. Ta hanyar COP11, jihohi iri ɗaya, tare da Dominica kuma wasu suna goyan bayansu cikin natsuwa, harshe mai goyan baya yana gane bambanci tsakanin samfuran masu ƙonewa da marasa konewa. New Zealand ba ta zo da ka'idar ba amma tare da sakamako. Shan taba a wurin ya ruguje da sauri fiye da ko'ina, wanda ke haifar da vaping da sauran samfuran aminci waɗanda aka tsara cikin ingantaccen tsarin ƙasa. Philippines ta kawo sabuwar dokar ta akan vapes da ɗumamar taba, ta yi muhawara kuma ta wuce cikin gida, tana nuna gaskiyar kimiyyar gida da mabukaci.
Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe da ke zama cibiyar masana'antar taba. Babu wanda ya nemi hana shan taba. Suna neman daidaitaccen tsari bisa haɗari. Matsayinsu ya nuna ko dai bayanai, manufofin ƙasa, ko duka biyun.
Martanin Tsarin Muhalli na FCTC: Smear, Ragewa, Ƙirƙirar "tsangwama"
Kafin ma wakilai su zo, Sakatariyar ta kafa tarko. Ajandar COP11 ta tsallake sashe na 1(d) na raguwar cutarwa kuma a maimakon haka ta tsara tattaunawar a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 5.3 — labarin hana masana'antu. Wannan sake fasalin ya canza tambayar kimiyya zuwa zargin rashin da'a. Saƙon ba shi da tabbas: duk wani ambaton haɗarin dangi za a ɗauke shi azaman tsangwama.
Kamfen na Yara masu 'Yancin Taba-Taba-da Bloomberg sannan ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na jama'a yana zargin ƙananan gwamnatocin Caribbean da kamfanonin taba ke kai wa - zargin da aka yi ba tare da wata shaida ba. Ƙungiyar Global Alliance for Tobacco Control ta haɗu ta hanyar baiwa Saint Kitts & Nevis da Dominica lambar yabo ta "Dirty Ashtray Award," wani al'ada na yara yana nufin kunyata duk wata tawagar da ta kalubalanci anti-THR. A halin da ake ciki, dandali na Dabarun Taba na Jami'ar Bath ya haifar da wani zagaye na zage-zage, yana mai tabbatar da cewa matsayin THR yana da alaƙa da masana'antu, ba tare da la'akari da asalinsu ba.
Wannan ba bincike na siyasa bane. Yin aiwatar da akida ce: an gaya wa wakilai cewa duk wani kaucewa layin da Sakatariyar ya yi na hana THR za a hukunta shi kuma a ba da shi ga jama'a.
Sun san Ayyukan Rage cutarwa
Rashin gaskiya na waɗannan hare-haren yana daɗaɗa da gaskiyar cewa masu ciki sun san raguwar cutarwa yana samun nasara a duk inda aka yarda. Sweden ta kusa kawar da shan taba saboda manya sun canza zuwa snus da jakar nicotine. Kasar Japan ta samu koma baya na tarihi a tallace-tallacen taba sigari bayan da kayayyakin taba masu zafi suka samu ko'ina. Adadin shan taba sigari a Norway ya ragu yayin da shan snus ya karu, musamman a tsakanin mata. Yunkurin faduwar shan taba a New Zealand ya riga ya zama mafi ban mamaki a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.
Waɗannan ba ƙirƙirar masana'antu ba ne. Sakamakon lafiyar jama'a ne na gaske. Sun nuna cewa ƙirƙira, ba haramtawa ba, ta haifar da mafi saurin raguwar shan taba da aka taɓa gani. Duk da haka babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan misalan da aka yarda da su sosai a Panama. Don amincewa da nasara a waɗannan ƙasashe zai zama amincewa da gazawar a matakin yarjejeniya: bayan shekaru ashirin, FCTC ta haifar da raguwar shan taba fiye da yadda ake tsammani, kuma yawancin matakanta sun tsaya.
Gane raguwar cutarwa zai tilasta Sakatariya ta bayyana dalilin da ya sa hanyar da aka tabbatar don haɓaka raguwar shan taba - tana ba da mafi aminci madadin - shine wanda ta ƙi yin la'akari. Don haka ne ma sai an kai hari ga kasashen da ba su yarda ba, ba a ji su ba.
Babban Karya: "Wadannan Kasashe Suna Yin Bidi'ar Masana'antu"
Bayyana New Zealand a matsayin ɗan kasuwan masana'antu shirme ne. Tana da ɗaya daga cikin dabarun yaƙi da shan taba mafi muni a duniya, waɗanda aka gina su a ƙarƙashin kudurin doka don rage cutarwa. Zargin Saint Kitts & Nevis ko Dominica na kasancewa masu haɗin gwiwar masana'antu ya fi ban haushi. Ba su da kasancewar masana'antar taba. Shawarwarinsu buƙatun gudanarwa ne don tantance shaida-daidai abin da ya kamata ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya na duniya su yi.
Kiran waɗannan ƙasashe "bangaren masana'antu" ba rashin fahimta ba ne. Dabara ce da gangan don tsoratar da ƙananan ƙasashe, ɓata duk wata tattaunawa game da haɗarin dangi, da hana rage cutarwa daga samun gindin zama a cikin FCTC. Kuma ya fito ne daga kungiyoyin da kasafin kudinsu ya karkata ga na kananan kasashen da suke kai hari. Lokacin da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da Bloomberg ke ba da kuɗi suna zargin ƙananan wakilai da abubuwan sirri sun kama su, tozarta a bayyane take.
Abin da A zahiri ya tabbatar da COP11
COP11 ya nuna yadda FCTC ta kasance cikin tarko a cikin yanayin akida wanda ba zai iya tsira daga binciken gaskiya ba. Jagorancin yarjejeniyar ya gwammace ya kunyata kasashe masu iko da yarda cewa samfuran nicotine mafi aminci suna rage illa. Sun gwammace su yiwa gwamnatocin dimokuradiyya zagon kasa, maimakon su fuskanci raunin tsarinsu. Martanin da suka bayar ga shaida ba don yin muhawara a kai ba ne, amma don danne shi.
Ƙasashen da suka yi magana—Saint Kitts & Nevis, Dominica, New Zealand, Philippines, da sauransu—sun nuna aminci fiye da tsarin da ya yi ƙoƙarin rufe su. Sun tayar da halal, abubuwan da suka shafi kimiyya, sun dogara ko dai a cikin sakamakon ƙasa ko a cikin rubutun yarjejeniya kanta. Don haka, an yi musu niyya, an zarge su, kuma an ɗauke su a matsayin barazana.
Rage cutarwa yana aiki. Mutanen da suke da'awar ba haka ba sun san shi. Kuma har sai FCTC ta yarda ta yi gwagwarmaya da gaskiyar hakan, taronta na shekara-shekara zai ci gaba da zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa maimakon ingantacciyar jagorancin lafiyar jama'a. Abin takaici ba wai an kai wa kasashen da ba su yarda ba ne hari ba. Abin takaicin shi ne miliyoyin da za su iya cin gajiyar hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ba za su kasance ba tare da an yi amfani da su ba saboda waɗannan masu ciki sun ƙi barin yarjejeniyar ta fuskanci gaskiya.
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Roger Bate ɗan'uwan Brownstone ne, Babban ɗan'uwa a Cibiyar Shari'a da Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya (Jan 2023-present), Memba na Kwamitin Yaki da Cutar Malaria (Satumba 2000-present), kuma Fellow a Cibiyar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki (Janairu 2000-yanzu).
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