"Mu Al'ummar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mun yanke shawarar… don inganta ci gaban zamantakewa da ingantacciyar rayuwa cikin 'yanci mafi girma,"
Gabatar Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (1945)
Wannan shi ne kashi na biyu a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) da hukumominta na tsarawa da aiwatar da ajandar taron. Taron koli na gaba a New York a ranar 22-23 ga Satumba 2024, da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da lafiyar duniya, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da 'yancin ɗan adam. A baya da tasiri kan manufofin kiwon lafiya An yi nazari akan ajanda na yanayi.
Haƙƙin abinci ya taɓa jawo manufar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don rage yunwa tare da mai da hankali kan ƙasashe masu ƙanƙanta da matsakaita. Kamar 'yancin samun lafiya, abinci ya ƙara zama kayan aikin mulkin mallaka na al'adu - ƙaddamar da ƙunƙun ra'ayi na wani ra'ayi na yammacin Turai akan al'adu da hakkokin 'mutane' da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke wakilta. Wannan talifin ya tattauna yadda ya faru da kuma koyarwar da ya dogara da su.
Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma (FAO), wacce ta yi daidai da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), an kafa ta ne a cikin 1945 a matsayin hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta musamman (UN) tare da manufa don “cimma wadatar abinci ga kowa.” Taken sa"Fiat panis” (Bari a yi burodi) yana nuna wannan manufa, hedikwata a Rome, Italiya, tana da kasashe membobin 195, ciki har da Tarayyar Turai.
Daga cikin dalar Amurka biliyan 3.25 kasafin kudin 2022-23, 31% yana fitowa ne daga gudummawar da aka tantance da Membobi suka biya, saura kuma na son rai ne. Babban kaso na gudunmawar son rai zo daga gwamnatocin Yamma (Amurka, EU, Jamus, Norway), bankunan raya kasa (misali rukunin Bankin Duniya), da sauran ƙananan sanannun ƙungiyoyin jama'a- da masu ba da kuɗaɗe waɗanda aka kafa don taimakawa tarurruka da ayyukan muhalli (ciki har da Cibiyar Muhalli ta Duniya, Asusun Kula da Yanayi da Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation). Don haka, kamar WHO, yawancin ayyukanta a yanzu sun ƙunshi aiwatar da umarnin masu ba da gudummawarta.
Hukumar ta FAO ta taka rawar gani wajen aiwatar da juyin juya hali na Green a shekarun 1960 da 1970, wanda ke da nasaba da ninki biyu na samar da abinci a duniya wanda ya fitar da yawancin al'ummar Asiya da Latin Amurka daga rashin abinci. An dauki amfani da takin zamani, magungunan kashe qwari, ban ruwa da aka sarrafa, da kuma nau'in iri a matsayin babbar nasara ga kawar da yunwa, duk da sakamakon gurɓacewar ƙasa, iska, da tsarin ruwa da sauƙaƙe bullowar sabbin nau'ikan kwari masu juriya. FAO ta sami goyon bayan Ƙungiyar Tuntuba kan Binciken Aikin Noma ta Duniya (CGIAR) da aka kafa a cikin 1971 - ƙungiyar jama'a da ke tallafawa tare da manufa don adanawa da haɓaka nau'ikan iri da wuraren tafkunan kwayoyin halittarsu. Masu taimakon jama'a masu zaman kansu, gami da Rockefeller da Ford Foundations, suma sun taka rawar tallafi.
Taron koli na abinci na duniya da aka yi nasara a 1971, 1996, 2002, 2009, da 2021 sun kafa tarihin FAO. A taron koli na biyu, shugabannin duniya sadaukar da kansu don "samun wadatar abinci ga kowa da kuma ƙoƙarin da ake yi na kawar da yunwa a dukan ƙasashe" da kuma ayyana "yancin kowa na samun isasshen abinci da kuma ainihin hakkin kowa ya tsira daga yunwa" (Declaration Rome on World Food Security).
“Hakkin abinci” ɗan adam shine jigon manufofin FAO. Wannan hakkin yana da abubuwa biyu: haqqin zuwa isa abinci ga matalauta da mafi m, da kuma hakkin su isasshen abinci ga wadanda suka fi sa'a. Bangare na farko shi ne yaki da yunwa da rashin wadataccen abinci, na biyu yana samar da daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki da ya dace.
Haƙƙin abinci an keɓe shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ta 1948 mara ɗauri Sanarwa ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam (UDHR, Mataki na ashirin da biyar) da kuma ɗaurin 25 Yarjejeniya ta Duniya akan Harkokin Tattalin Arziƙi, Harkokin Ƙasa da Al'adu (ICESCR, Mataki na 11) tare da Jam’iyyun Jihohi 171 da Sa hannu 4. Yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da haƙƙin yin aiki da haƙƙin ruwa, kuma an yi shelar a cikin matani guda. Ana sa ran Jam'iyyun Jihohinsu za su amince da muhimman haƙƙoƙin da ke mai da hankali kan kiyaye mutuncin ɗan adam, kuma su yi aiki da su m nasara ga 'yan ƙasa (Mataki na 21 UDHR, Mataki na 2 ICESCR).
Mataki na ashirin da tara (UDHR)
1. Kowane mutum na da hakkin ya sami hanyar rayuwa da ta dace da lafiyarsa da ta iyalinsa, gami da abinci, sutura, gidaje da kula da lafiya da ayyukan zamantakewar da suka dace....
Mataki na 11 (ICESCR)
1. Jihohin da ke cikin Alkawari na yanzu sun amince da yancin kowa na samun isasshen yanayin rayuwa ga kansa da iyalinsa, gami da isassun abinci, sutura da gidaje, da ci gaba da inganta yanayin rayuwa. Ƙungiyoyin Jihohin za su ɗauki matakan da suka dace don tabbatar da ganin an sami wannan haƙƙi, tare da la'akari da wannan mahimmancin mahimmancin haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa bisa yarda.
2. Ƙasashen da ke cikin yarjejeniyar yanzu, tare da sanin ainihin haƙƙin kowa na samun 'yanci daga yunwa, za su ɗauki, ɗaiɗaiku da kuma ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar duniya, matakan, gami da takamaiman shirye-shirye, waɗanda ake buƙata:
(a) Don haɓaka hanyoyin samarwa, adanawa da rarraba abinci ta hanyar yin cikakken amfani da ilimin fasaha da na kimiyya, ta hanyar watsa ilimin ka'idojin abinci mai gina jiki da haɓaka ko sake fasalin tsarin noma ta hanyar da za ta iya samun ingantaccen ci gaba da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa;
(b) Yin la'akari da matsalolin da ke tattare da shigo da abinci da na kasashen waje, don tabbatar da rarraba kayan abinci na duniya cikin adalci dangane da bukata.
FAO tana kimanta ci gaba da aiwatar da haƙƙin abinci ta hanyar rahoton shekara-shekara na Tsaron Abinci da Gina Jiki a Duniya (SOFI), tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya huɗu - Asusun Tallafawa Aikin Noma na Duniya (IFAD), Asusun Ba da Agajin Gaggawa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF), Shirin Abinci na Duniya (WFP), da WHO. Bugu da kari, tun 2000, Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (OHCHR) ya kafa “Wakilin Musamman Kan Haƙƙin Abinci,” wanda aka wajabta (i) gabatar da rahoton shekara-shekara ga Majalisar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNGA) da (ii) sanya ido kan abubuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin abinci a takamaiman ƙasashe (Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama 2000/10 da ƙuduri A/HCR/RES/6/2).
Duk da karuwar yawan jama'a, babban ci gaba na samun abinci a matakin duniya ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2020. A taron ci gaban karni na 2000, shugabannin duniya sun tsai da shawarar. manufa mai kishi don "kawar da matsananciyar talauci da yunwa," daga cikin manufofin 8 gaba daya da nufin bunkasa tattalin arziki da inganta matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke shafar kasashe masu karamin karfi.
Burin Ci gaban Ƙarni (2000)
Burin farko: Kawar da matsanancin talauci da yunwa
Manufar 1A: Rabin, tsakanin 1990 da 2015, adadin mutanen da ke rayuwa a kasa da $1.25 a rana
Manufa 1B: Samun Aikinyi Mai Kyau ga Mata, Maza, da Matasa
Manufar 1C: Rabin, tsakanin 1990 zuwa 2015, adadin mutanen da ke fama da yunwa
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ruwaito An cimma nasarar cimma burin 1A na rage yawan mutanen da ke fama da matsananciyar yunwa, idan aka kwatanta da kididdigar 1990. A duniya baki daya, adadin mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin talauci ya ragu da fiye da rabin, inda ya ragu daga biliyan 1.9 a shekarar 1990 zuwa miliyan 836 a shekarar 2015, kuma mafi yawan ci gaban da aka samu tun shekarar 2000.
A kan haka ne, a shekarar 2015, tsarin MDD ya kaddamar da wani sabon tsari na muradun ci gaba mai dorewa guda 18 (SDGs) wadanda suka shafi ci gaban tattalin arziki, daidaito da walwala, kiyaye muhalli, da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, da za a cimma nan da shekarar 2030. Musamman ma. Goyon 2 A kan kawo karshen yunwa a duniya (" Yunwar Zero ") an haɗe shi da Goal 1 akan "kashe talauci a kowane nau'i a ko'ina."
Waɗannan manufofin sun bayyana sosai, ba tare da la'akari da abubuwa kamar yaƙe-yaƙe ba, haɓakar yawan jama'a, da sarƙaƙƙiya na al'ummomin ɗan adam da ƙungiyoyinsu ba. Duk da haka, sun nuna tunanin duniya a lokacin da duniya ke ci gaba da ci gaban da ba a taba gani ba, ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma noma don inganta yanayin rayuwa na matalauta.
Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa (2015)
2.1 Nan da shekarar 2030, za a kawo karshen yunwa tare da tabbatar da samun damar duk mutane, musamman matalauta da mutanen da ke cikin mawuyacin hali, gami da jarirai, zuwa lafiya, abinci mai gina jiki da wadataccen abinci duk shekara.
2.2 Nan da shekarar 2030, za a kawo karshen duk wani nau'i na rashin abinci mai gina jiki, gami da cimmawa, nan da shekarar 2025, yarjejeniyar da kasashen duniya suka amince da su kan matsalar tsuke bakin aljihu da almubazzaranci da yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5, da magance bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na 'yan mata matasa, masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa da kuma manya.
A cikin 2019, FAO ruwaito cewa mutane miliyan 820 na fama da yunwa (miliyan 16 kacal a cikin 2015) kuma kusan biliyan 2 sun fuskanci matsananciyar rashin abinci ko matsananciyar rashin abinci, kuma sun yi hasashen cewa SDG2 ba zai yiwu ba a ci gaban da ake samu a yanzu. Yankunan da abin ya fi shafa sun hada da yankin kudu da hamadar sahara, da Latin Amurka, da kuma yammacin Asiya.
Dangantakar Haƙƙin Abinci ta hanyar Matakan Gaggawa na Covid-19
Ku zo Maris 2020, an sanya takunkumin hana zirga-zirga da kuma katse kudaden shiga (kullewa) a kan "mutanen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya" na tsawon shekaru biyu. Yayin da ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a matsayin wani bangare na ajin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, sun ci gaba da aiki daga gida. daruruwan miliyoyi na marasa galihu da marasa galihu sun yi hasarar abin da za su samu, aka jefa su cikin matsanancin talauci da yunwa. Gwamnatocinsu ne suka yanke shawarar kulle-kullen bisa rashin shawarwari daga duk tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A ranar 26 ga Maris, Sakatare-Janar Antonio Guterres ya tsara shirinsa na mataki 3: murkushe kwayar cutar har sai an sami allurar rigakafi, rage tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da hada kai don aiwatar da SDGs.
UNSG's jawabinsa a taron G-20 Virtual Summit akan Cutar Covid-19
Muna yaƙi da ƙwayar cuta - kuma ba mu ci nasara ba...
Wannan yakin yana buƙatar shirin lokacin yaƙi don yaƙarsa...
Ka ba ni damar haskaka wurare uku masu mahimmanci don haɗin gwiwar G-20...
Na farko, don murkushe watsa COVID-19 da sauri.
Wannan dole ne ya zama dabarunmu na gama gari.
Yana buƙatar tsarin haɗin gwiwar G-20 wanda WHO ke jagoranta.
Dole ne dukkan ƙasashe su sami damar haɗa tsarin gwaji, ganowa, keɓewa da jiyya tare da ƙuntatawa kan motsi da tuntuɓar juna - da nufin murkushe watsa kwayar cutar.
Kuma dole ne su daidaita dabarun fita don kiyaye shi har sai an sami allurar rigakafi...
Na biyu, dole ne mu yi aiki tare don rage tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki...
Na uku, dole ne mu yi aiki tare a yanzu don saita matakin farfadowa wanda zai gina tattalin arziki mai dorewa, mai hadewa da daidaito, wanda alkawuran da muka yi suka jagoranta - ajandar 2030 don ci gaba mai dorewa.
Abu ne mai ban mamaki ko rashin hankali don da'awar cewa tasirin ɗan adam, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziƙin da martanin Covid ya haifar akan ɗaruruwan miliyoyin matalauta da masu rauni sun kasance kaɗan. Hakika, masu tallata ta ba sa cikin waɗanda suka wahala. An yanke shawara don talauta al'umma da ja da su ƙasa, duk da haka da'awar a bainar jama'a cewa har yanzu ana iya cimma burin ci gaba. Lockdowns sun saba wa Shawarwari na WHO a cikin 2019 don cutar mura (matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a marasa magunguna don rage haɗari da tasirin annoba da mura; 2019).
Bayan 'yan watanni kafin Maris 2020, WHO ta bayyana cewa idan cutar ta bulla, matakan kamar gano tuntuɓar mutane, keɓe mutane da aka fallasa, shiga da fita, da rufe kan iyaka ba a ba da shawarar a kowane hali ba:
Koyaya, matakan nisantar da jama'a kamar gano tuntuɓar juna, keɓewa, keɓewa, matakan makaranta da wuraren aiki da rufewa, da kuma guje wa cunkoson jama'a) na iya zama da cikas sosai, kuma dole ne a auna farashin waɗannan matakan da tasirinsu…
Ƙananan ƙasashen tsibirin na iya yin la'akari da rufe iyakokin kawai a cikin mummunan annoba da annoba, amma dole ne a auna shi da mummunar illar tattalin arziki.
Mutum na iya yin mamakin ko Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta taba yin la'akari da tsadar zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da hakkin dan adam na matakan da Guterres ya tura kan fa'idodin da ake tsammani. An ƙarfafa ƙasashe su ƙaddamar da matakai kamar wuraren aiki da rufe makarantu waɗanda za su haifar da talauci a nan gaba ga tsara mai zuwa.
Kamar yadda ake iya faɗi, 2020 SOFI Rahoton akan Tsaron Abinci da Gina Jiki an kiyasta aƙalla 10% ƙarin mutane masu fama da yunwa:
Cutar sankarau ta COVID-19 ta yadu a duk duniya, wanda hakan ke haifar da babbar barazana ga samar da abinci. Kididdigar farko dangane da sabbin hasashen tattalin arzikin duniya da ake samu ya nuna cewa cutar ta COVID-19 na iya karawa tsakanin mutane miliyan 83 zuwa 132 zuwa adadin masu fama da karancin abinci mai gina jiki a duniya....
Waɗannan su ne daidaikun mutane, iyalai, da al'ummomin da ba su da ko kaɗan waɗanda ba zato ba tsammani suka rasa ayyukan yi da samun kuɗi, musamman a cikin tattalin arziƙin yau da kullun ko na yanayi, saboda firgita da ƙwayar cuta ta haifar da galibin tsofaffi a ƙasashen Yamma.
A lokacin 2020, WHO, ILO, da FAO akai-akai buga sanarwar hadin gwiwa, amma sun nuna rashin fahimta game da barnar tattalin arzikin da annobar ta haifar, sun kasa yin tambaya game da martanin. An watsa wannan labari bisa tsari cikin tsari a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, in ban da kungiyar ILO, mai yiwuwa ita ce jarumar duka, wacce sau daya. nuna kai tsaye a matakan kulle-kullen sakamakon babban asarar aiki:
Sakamakon rikicin tattalin arzikin da annobar ta haifar, kusan ma'aikatan tattalin arziki biliyan 1.6 na yau da kullun (wanda ke wakiltar mafi rauni a cikin kasuwar ƙwadago), daga cikin jimillar biliyan biyu da ma'aikatan duniya biliyan 3.3, sun sami babban lahani ga ƙarfinsu na samun abin rayuwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matakan kulle-kulle da / ko saboda suna aiki a cikin sassan da suka fi fama da wahala. "
Idan aka yi la'akari da kiyasin ILO, yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa adadin mutanen da aka tura cikin yunwa zai iya haura fiye da ƙiyasin da aka yi a hukumance. Wani abin da ya kara da cewa shi ne adadin wadanda su ma suka rasa damar samun ilimi, kula da lafiya, da inganta muhalli.
Abu mafi ban mamaki game da wannan duka shine rashin sha'awar kafofin watsa labarai, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da manyan masu ba da gudummawa. Yayin da yunwar da ta gabata ta haifar da tausayawa ta musamman da martani, yunwar Covid, watakila saboda da gaske ne ta hanyar cibiyoyi na Yammacin Turai da na duniya kuma sun fi yaɗuwa, galibi an share su a ƙarƙashin kafet. Wannan na iya zama tambaya na dawowar kudi akan zuba jari. An ba da umarnin bayar da tallafi ga yunƙurin siye, ba da gudummawa, da zubar da alluran rigakafin Covid da cibiyoyin tallafi waɗanda ke jagorantar ayyukan. "annoba express."
Abincin da aka Ba da Shawarar Dangane da Tsarin Yanayi
FAO da WHO sun kasance aiki tare akan haɓaka jagororin abinci don "inganta ayyukan abinci na yanzu da matsalolin lafiyar jama'a masu alaƙa da abinci." Sun sau daya gane cewa dangantaka tsakanin abubuwan abinci, cututtuka, da lafiya ba a fahimta sosai ba, kuma sun amince da gudanar da bincike na hadin gwiwa. Abubuwan al'adu na abinci an kuma haskaka. Bayan haka, an kafa al'ummomin bil'adama akan samfurin mafarauci wanda ya dogara sosai kan naman daji (mai, furotin, da bitamin), sannan gabatar da kiwo da hatsi mataki-mataki bisa ga yanayi mai kyau da yanayin kasa.
Haɗin gwiwarsu ya haifar da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa na "ci abinci mai dorewa, wanda ya ƙunshi ijma'i na hanyoyin daidaikun mutane na WHO'slafiya rage cin abinci"da kuma FAO"abinci mai ɗorewa.” Kamar yadda lafazin ya nuna, waɗannan jagororin ana motsa su ta hanyar dorewa, wanda aka ayyana azaman rage CO2 hayakin da ake samu daga samar da abinci. Nama, mai, kiwo, da kifi yanzu sune maƙiyan da aka ayyana kuma yakamata a iyakance su a cikin cin abinci na yau da kullun, tare da cin furotin galibi daga tsire-tsire da goro, don haka inganta cin abinci mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da wanda jikinmu ya samo asali.
Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniyar ikirarin cewa da Abinci mai kyau "yana taimakawa wajen karewa daga rashin abinci mai gina jiki ta kowane nau'i, da kuma cututtuka marasa yaduwa (NCDs) ciki har da ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini da ciwon daji." Koyaya, yana da ɗan rashin daidaituwa na haɓaka carbohydrates akan furotin na tushen nama.
Abincin mai zuwa ya kasance shawarar ga duka manya da yara ƙanana ta FAO-WHO 2019 "Dorewar Abincin Abinci: Ka'idodin Jagora" Rahoton:
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan lambu, legumes (misali lentil da wake), goro da dukan hatsi (misali masara da ba a sarrafa su ba, gero, hatsi, alkama da shinkafa mai launin ruwan kasa);
- Akalla g 400 (watau kashi biyar) na 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari kowace rana, ban da dankali, dankali mai dadi, rogo da sauran tushen sitaci.
- Kasa da 10% na jimlar yawan kuzari daga masu sikari kyauta.
- Kasa da kashi 30% na yawan kuzarin da ake samu daga mai. Fatsan da ba su da yawa (wanda ake samu a cikin kifi, avocado da goro, kuma a cikin sunflower, waken soya, canola da man zaitun) sun fi dacewa da cikakken kitse (wanda ake samu a cikin nama mai kitse, man shanu, dabino da man kwakwa, cream, cuku, ghee da man alade) da trans-kitse iri-iri, gami da samar da masana'antu trans-fats (wanda ake samu a cikin gasasshen abinci da soyayyen abinci, da kayan ciye-ciye da abinci da aka riga aka girka, kamar daskararre pizza, pies, cookies, biscuits, wafers, da mai dafa abinci da yada) trans-kitse (wanda ake samu a cikin nama da kiwo daga dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar shanu, tumaki, awaki da rakuma).
- Kasa da 5g na gishiri (daidai da teaspoon daya) kowace rana. Gishiri ya kamata a yi iodized.
An gabatar da ƙaramin shaida kan tasirin lafiyar jagororin don tallafawa rahoton zargin na: i) jan nama da ake dangantawa da karuwar ciwon daji; ii) Abincin tushen dabba (kiwo, qwai, da nama) suna lissafin kashi 35% na nauyin cututtukan da ke haifar da abinci saboda duk abinci, da iii) fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na Abincin Bahar Rum da Sabon Abincin Nordic Rahoton ya inganta shi – Dukansu tushen tsire-tsire, tare da ɗanɗano kaɗan zuwa matsakaicin adadin abincin dabbobi. Ko da yake waɗannan abincin sababbi ne, FAO da WHO tabbatar "An danganta riko da abinci guda biyu tare da ƙananan matsalolin muhalli da kuma tasiri idan aka kwatanta da sauran abinci mai kyau da ke dauke da nama."
Kungiyoyin 'yan uwa ayyana abinci mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa a matsayin "samfurin da ke inganta kowane nau'i na lafiyar mutum da jin daɗin rayuwa; suna da ƙananan matsa lamba da tasiri; suna da sauƙi, mai araha, aminci da daidaito; kuma abin yarda da al'ada." Paradoxes na wannan ma'anar sune mafi mahimmanci.
Na farko, sanya abinci yana tilasta yarda da al'adu kuma, lokacin da ake nuna akidar ƙungiyar waje, ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin mulkin mallaka na al'adu. Abinci shine samfurin al'ada wanda ya dogara akan ƙarni ko ma shekaru na ƙwarewa da wadatar abinci, samarwa, sarrafawa, da adanawa. Haƙƙin samun isasshen abinci ba wai yana nuna isassun abinci ga ɗaiɗaikun mutane da iyalansu kaɗai ba har ma da ingancinsu da dacewarsu. Misalai ba su da yawa. Har yanzu Faransawa suna jin daɗin foie gras duk da ƙuntatawa na shigo da su, ban, da kuma an yakin kasa da kasa da shi. Suna kuma cin naman doki, abin da ya girgiza makwabtansu na Burtaniya.
Naman kare, wanda kuma abin ya shafa mummunan yakin, ana yabawa a cikin ƙasashen Asiya da yawa. Kiran hukunci na ɗabi'a a cikin waɗannan lokuta ana iya ganin shi azaman hali ne na mulkin mallaka, kuma gonakin batir na kaji da aladu ba su da kyau fiye da dokin da ake ciyar da su da karfi ko kuma zarge-zargen zalunci ga dabbobin da ake ɗaukar manyan abokan ɗan adam a cikin al'ummomin zamani da yawa. Mutanen yammacin duniya, masu arziki da amfani da man fetur, suna buƙatar talakawa su canza abincinsu na gargajiya don mayar da martani iri ɗaya ne amma ma fi cin zarafi. Idan al'adar al'adun abinci ba za a iya musantawa ba, to 'yancin kai na al'umma, ciki har da ci gaban al'adu, ya kamata a mutunta shi.
Mataki na 1.1 (ICESR)
Dukkanin al'umma suna da 'yancin cin gashin kansu. Ta hanyar wannan haƙƙin suna ƙayyadaddun matsayinsu na siyasa kuma suna neman ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu cikin 'yanci.
Na biyu, a lokacin da aka karbe su a cikin 1948 da 1966, tanade-tanaden yarjejeniyoyin da suka amince da ’yancin abinci bai danganta abinci da “matsi da tasirin muhallinsa ba.” Mataki na 11.2 na daurin ICESR (wanda aka ambata a sama) yana nufin wajibcin Jihohi na aiwatar da gyare-gyaren noma da fasahohi don mafi kyawun amfani da albarkatun ƙasa (watau ƙasa, ruwa, taki) don samar da abinci mafi kyau. Babu shakka noma yana amfani da ƙasa da ruwa kuma yana haifar da wasu gurɓata yanayi da sare itatuwa. Gudanar da tasirin sa yana da rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar mahallin gida, kuma gwamnatocin ƙasa da al'ummomin gida sun fi dacewa don yanke irin wannan yanke shawara tare da shawarwarin da aka kafa ta kimiya da goyon baya (marasa siyasa) daga hukumomin waje, irin wannan ya kamata a sa ran daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Aikin gudanarwa ya ƙara dagulewa tare da bullowar ajandar yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Bayan taron farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli a 1972 a Stockholm, koren ajanda sannu a hankali ya karu ta hanyar lullube da juyin juya halin koren. An gudanar da taron farko na yanayi na duniya a cikin 1979, wanda ya kai ga 1992 tallafi na Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC) (tare da sanarwar da ba ta dauri kan muhalli). Wannan Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana, ba tare da buɗe ido don ƙarin tattaunawa ba, cewa ayyukan ɗan adam da ke samar da iskar gas, ba kamar lokutan da suka gabata ba, babban dalilin ɗumamar yanayi:
UNFCCC, Preamble
Bangarorin wannan Yarjejeniyar...
Damuwa da cewa ayyukan ɗan adam sun kasance suna ƙara haɓaka yanayin yanayi na iskar gas, cewa waɗannan haɓaka suna haɓaka tasirin yanayin greenhouse, kuma wannan zai haifar da matsakaicin ƙarin ɗumamar sararin samaniya da yanayin duniya kuma yana iya yin illa ga yanayin muhalli da ɗan adam....
Tare da manufar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na rage hayakin gurbataccen iska kamar yadda ake yi kafin masana'antu, yanzu gwamnatoci suna da alhakin kula da rage hayakin kasa. Aiwatar da aikin noma a cikin yanayin ci gaban yawan jama'a, babu makawa zai haifar da raguwar bambancin abinci, samarwa, da isarwa, musamman yana shafar al'adun abinci na gargajiya waɗanda ke jaddada nama da kiwo.
Lokacin da Tsarin Yanayi Ya Fi Muhimmanci Fiye da Haƙƙin Abinci na "Mu Jama'a"
a cikin daftarin daftarin aiki na Yarjejeniyar Don Gaba (bita na 2) da shugabannin duniya za su amince da su a watan Satumba a New York, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya har yanzu tana shelanta aniyar kawar da matsanancin talauci; duk da haka, wannan burin yana da sharadi don "rage yawan hayaƙin CO2 na duniya don kiyaye yanayin zafi ƙasa da ma'aunin Celsius 1.5" (shafi na 9). Da alama masu yin rubutun ba su fahimci cewa rage amfani da man fetur ba ko shakka babu zai rage samar da abinci da kuma hana biliyoyin mutane inganta tattalin arzikinsu.
Sakamakon haka, Ayyukan 3 da 9 da aka tsara a cikin takaddar sun bayyana suna tura ƙasashe masu ƙarfi zuwa "tsarin noma mai dorewa," da kuma mutane zuwa ɗaukar ingantaccen abinci mai ɗorewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na "ci gaba mai dorewa da tsarin samarwa."
Yarjejeniya ta gaba (bita ta 2)
Aiki 3. Za mu kawo karshen yunwa da kuma kawar da rashin abinci.
(c) Haɓaka tsarin adalci, juriya da dorewar tsarin noma ta yadda kowa ya sami damar samun abinci mai aminci, araha kuma mai gina jiki.
Mataki na 9. Za mu inganta burinmu na magance sauyin yanayi.
(c) Haɓaka tsarin amfani mai ɗorewa da samar da kayayyaki, gami da salon rayuwa mai ɗorewa, da hanyoyin tattalin arziƙin madauwari a matsayin hanyar cimma ci gaba mai dorewa da tsarin samarwa, da dabarun sharar gida.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kanta ta ba da haƙƙin abinci sau biyu, na farko ta tsarin koren kuma na biyu ta hanyar matakan kulle-kulle da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke tallafawa don cutar da ta fi shafar ƙasashe masu arziki inda tsarin yanayin yanayi ya dogara (kuma, abin mamaki, inda mutane ke cinye mafi girman adadin kuzari). Yanzu yawanci yana nufin haƙƙin wasu nau'ikan abincin da aka yarda da su, da sunan tsai da kuduri na tsakiya kuma mara shakku dangane da lafiyar mutane da yanayin duniya. Ana haɓaka cin ganyayyaki da cin ganyayyaki yayin da attajirai da cibiyoyin kuɗi na kusa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke siyan filayen noma. Ana iya ganin niyyar yin nama da maras kiwo mai araha yayin saka hannun jari a nama da abin sha a matsayin ka'idar makirci (a fasaha, haka ne). Duk da haka irin waɗannan manufofin za su yi ma'ana ga masu tallata tsarin yanayi.
A cikin wannan nema, FAO da WHO sun yi watsi da nuna yawan abinci mai gina jiki na kitsen dabbobi, nama, da kiwo. Har ila yau, suna yin watsi da rashin mutunta hakkoki da zabi na daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi. Sun bayyana a wani aiki na tilasta wa mutane bin abincin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da su. Tarihin kulawar tsakiya da tsangwama a cikin samar da abinci, kamar yadda Soviet da kuma Sin gwaninta ya koya mana, matalauci ne sosai. Fiat sanannun (bari a ji yunwa) domin "Mu mutane?"
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Dokta Thi Thuy Van Dinh (LLM, PhD) ya yi aiki a kan dokokin kasa da kasa a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Drug da Laifuka da Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Daga baya, ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi don Intellectual Ventures Global Good Fund kuma ta jagoranci yunƙurin haɓaka fasahar kiwon lafiyar muhalli don ƙananan albarkatun ƙasa.
Duba dukkan posts
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David Bell, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likitan lafiyar jama'a ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu a cikin lafiyar duniya. David tsohon jami'in kiwon lafiya ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shugaban Shirin Malaria da cututtukan zazzabi a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma Daraktan Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Duniya na Intellectual Ventures a Bellevue, WA, Amurka.
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