Kotun kolin kasar ta bayar da nasarar samun ‘yancin siyasa a makon da ya gabata Ƙungiyar Bindiga ta Ƙasa v. Vullo wanda zai iya kafa tushen shari'o'in da ke nuna masu adawa da gwamnatin Covid, ciki har da Berenson v. Biden da kuma Murthy da Missouri.
In Wullo, Kotun ta yi la'akari da ko Babban Sufeto na Sashen Harkokin Kuɗi na New York ya keta haƙƙin Gyaran Farko na NRA lokacin da ta kaddamar da wani kamfen na tilasta wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu "don hukunta ko murkushe ayyukan tallan bindiga na NRA." MariaVullo da Gwamnan New York Andrew Cuomo sun gana da shuwagabanni a kamfanonin inshora da ke kasuwanci tare da NRA don tsoratar da kamfanonin da rashin bin doka sai dai idan sun daina alaƙar su da NRA.
A cikin wani ra'ayi na bai daya, mai shari'a Sotomayor ya yanke hukuncin cewa wannan kamfen, idan aka tabbatar da gaskiya a shari'a, ya sabawa doka. "Vullo yana da 'yanci ya soki NRA kuma ya bi diddigin keta dokar inshorar New York," Kotun ta gudanar. "Ba za ta iya amfani da ikonta ba, duk da haka, don yin barazanar aiwatar da ayyukan tilastawa ga hukumomin DFS don hukunta ko murkushe shawarwarin tallan bindiga na NRA."
Shari'ar tana ba da daidaito kai tsaye ga tantance bayanan da ke da alaƙa da Covid. Fadar White House ta Biden ta yi aiki ta hanyar wasu kamfanoni - ciki har da Meta, Twitter, da Google - don tantance bayanan da ba su so.
In Murthy da Missouri, Alkalai hudu na tarayya sun gano cewa gwamnatin Biden, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida, FBI, da CIA sun keta Dokar Farko a ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da Big Tech don tantance maganganun masu shigar da kara, wadanda suka hada da likitoci, gidajen labarai, da kuma manyan lauyoyin jihohi. Kotun kolin ta saurari bahasi ta baki kan karar a watan Maris, kuma ana sa ran za a ba da ra'ayi nan da makonni masu zuwa.
Mai shari'a Sotomayor ya ba da goyan baya ga kowa da kowa game da jigon gardamar masu ƙara a ciki Murthy, rubuce-rubucen, "Jami'an gwamnati ba za su iya ƙoƙarin tursasa wasu masu zaman kansu ba don hukunta ko murkushe ra'ayoyin da gwamnati ba ta so."
Amma shari'ar na iya ba da misali mafi kyau ga ɗan jarida Alex Berenson, wanda ya kai ƙarar gwamnatin Biden, Shugaban Pfizer Albert Bourla, da jami'an Fadar White House saboda rawar da suka taka wajen sa Twitter ta dakatar da shi daga dandalin a watan Agusta 2021. Berenson v. Biden, Wadanda ake tuhuma' motsi don watsi ta dogara kacokan kan hukuncin da karamar kotu ta yanke a NRA v. Vullo, wanda Kotun Koli kawai ta soke.
Har ila yau, kamar yadda Wullo Har ila yau, gwamnati ta kai hari kan Berenson ta hanyar rikewa tarurruka na sirri tare da jami'an Twitter da suka yi kira da a dakatar da shi daga dandalin.
Kotun ta rubuta cewa, "Wataƙila Vullo ya ɗauki [dabarun] don kai hari ga shawarar NRA. Irin wannan dabarar ta ba wa jami'an gwamnati damar faɗaɗa ikonsu don murkushe maganganun ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ba su da iko kai tsaye." Hakazalika, gwamnatin Biden da kungiyar leken asiri sun nemi fadada karfinsu ta hanyar sarrafa damar Amurkawa ta hanyar Twitter, Meta, Amazon, Da sauransu.
Aiwatarwa Wullo zuwa Harkallar Tace Tace
Kotun ta amince da yin amfani da bincike mai fuska hudu na zagaye na biyu wajen tantance ko sadarwar gwamnati ta zama barazana ta tilastawa wanda ya saba wa gyara na farko. Kotun ta yi nazari kan "(1) zabin kalmomi da sautin; (2) kasancewar ikon sarrafawa; (3) ko an fahimci maganar a matsayin barazana; kuma, watakila mafi mahimmanci, (4) ko jawabin yana nufin sakamako mara kyau."
Kamar Brownstone yana rubuce, “zabin kalmomi da sautin masu tantama” suna nuna a fili barazanar tilastawa. "Ya ku mutanen banza ne?" Mai ba da shawara a Fadar White House Rob Flaherty ya tambayi Facebook bayan kamfanin ya gaza yin la'akari da masu sukar rigakafin Covid. "Ina son amsa akan abin da ya faru a nan kuma ina son shi yau." Ya gaya wa Meta don "canza algorithm don mutane su iya ganin NYT, WSJ…[maimakon] canza mutane."
Flaherty ya kuma yi aiki don ba da ƙarfi ga Google don haɓaka ayyukan sa ido. Ya gaya wa masu zartarwa cewa an raba damuwarsa a matsayi mafi girma (kuma ina nufin mafi girma) na Fadar White House "kuma akwai" ƙarin aiki da za a yi."
Fadar White House ta sami nasarar tilasta waɗannan dandamali saboda Sashe na 230, ikon da ke ƙarƙashin duk dandamali na kafofin watsa labarun a Amurka. A cikin Yuli 2021, Shugaba Biden da masu magana da yawunsa sun kaddamar da wani kamfen na matsin lamba na jama'a don ƙara yawan takunkumi yayin da suke barazanar cire kariyar abin alhaki na Sashe na 230.
A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2021, Sakatariyar Yada Labarai ta Fadar White House Jen Psaki ta tattauna kan kafofin watsa labarun "raguwar fahimta" da ke da alaƙa da Covid-19 a taronta na manema labarai. "Facebook yana buƙatar yin sauri da sauri don cire abubuwan cutarwa, masu cin zarafi," in ji ta ga manema labarai.
Shugaba Biden, ya yi magana da manema labarai washegari. Da yake tattaunawa da kamfanonin sada zumunta, ya ce, "Suna kashe mutane."
A wannan makon, Daraktan Sadarwa na Fadar White House Kate Bedingfield ya bayyana a MSNBC kuma ta ce kafofin watsa labarun "ya kamata a yi la'akari da su" kuma ta nanata goyon bayan Shugaba Biden ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu don taƙaita maganganun 'yan jarida, masu ba da shawara, da 'yan ƙasa.
Sa'an nan, fadar White House ta sanar da hakan yin bita Kariyar sashe na 230, wanda ya yi barazanar kawar da dandamalin kafofin watsa labarun na biyan lamuni tare da haɓaka duk tsarin kasuwancin su.
Recent rahotanni daga kwamitin shari'a na majalisar ya bayyana cewa ana kallon jawabin a matsayin barazana. Kamar yadda gwamnatin Biden ta haɓaka ƙoƙarinta na tantancewa a cikin bazara na 2021, jami'an Big Tech suna tsoron azaba idan ba su bi ba.
Shugaban Facebook na Al'amuran Duniya Nick Clegg ya rubuta a cikin Yuli 2021 cewa "idan aka ba da manyan kifin da za mu soya tare da gwamnatin Biden," kamar Sashe na 230, ya kamata kamfanin yayi tunani da kirki game da "yadda za mu iya amsa damuwar [Hukumar]." Daga baya wani jami'in Facebook ya rubuta cewa sabbin "manufofin daidaita abun ciki" sun fito ne daga ci gaba da sukar tsarinmu daga gwamnatin (Biden).
Jami'in fadar White House Andy Slavitt ya jagoranci yunkurin cirewa da murkushe rashin amincewa daga Amazon, kuma kamfanin ya bi cikin mako guda. Hakazalika YouTube mallakin Google ya yi biyayya ga bukatun fadar White House na rage bayanan da ake zargi.
Domin abu na hudu - barazanar mummunan sakamako - Kotun Koli ta ambaci ra'ayi na 1963 a cikin Bantam Books v. Sullivan, wanda ya gano cewa sadarwar gwamnati "wanda aka kwatanta kusan a matsayin umarni" kuma yana dauke da "barazana a rufe" ya wuce iyakar Kwaskwarimar Farko lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don tantance maganganun da tsarin mulki ya kare.
A lokacin muhawara na baka don Murthy da Missouri, Justice Alito ya lura da wasiƙun da ke tsakanin gwamnatin Biden da dandamalin Big Tech. "Ba zan iya tunanin jami'an tarayya suna daukar wannan hanyar zuwa kafafen yada labarai," in ji shi. "Yana kula da waɗannan dandamali kamar na ƙasa."
Sakin rufe kotun a Wullo yana ba da ƙwarin gwiwa dicta ga maƙasudin tsarin mulkin Covid:
Inda, kamar a nan, wani jami'in gwamnati ya yi barazanar tilastawa a wata ganawar sirri ta bayan fage, 'akwatin zabe' wani bincike ne na musamman kan ikon jami'in. Daga qarshe, abin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne, Kwaskwarimar Farko ta hana jami’an gwamnati yin amfani da ikonsu zave don hukunta ko murkushe magana, kai tsaye ko (kamar yadda ake zargi a nan) ta hanyar masu shiga tsakani.
Berenson da kuma Murthy Masu gabatar da kara sun kasance wadanda ke fama da wannan tsarin kawai: Fadar White House ta Biden da kungiyar leken asiri sun yi ganawar sirri tare da jami'an Big Tech, kuma sun yi amfani da ikonsu wajen zaben murkushe magana ta hanyar masu shiga tsakani.
Hatta Mai Shari'a Jackson Ya Kare Magana Kyauta
A cikin maganganun baka don Murthy da Missouri, Tambayar mai shari'a Jackson ta ba da shawarar wata rashin tausayi ga 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, amma ta concuring ra'ayi a Wullo Hakanan ya tsara tsarin duka Berenson da kuma Murthy masu kara.
Mai shari'a Jackson ya ba da shawarar cewa abin da ake so shine ko aikin na ramuwar gayya ne a yanayi. Ta yi bayanin cewa a karkashin bincikenta, "NRA za ta yi zargin cewa ramuwar gayya wani abu ne mai mahimmanci ko kuma mai karfafa gwiwa a cikin harin da Vullo ke kaiwa ga hukumomin da ke kasuwanci da NRA." Vullo za ta yi watsi da zargin ta hanyar nuna cewa da ta "daukar mataki iri daya ko da in babu kariyar da NRA ta yi," ma'ana shawararta ta Gyara na Biyu.
Berenson da masu gabatar da kara a Murthy A bayyane ya kasance makasudin daukar matakin ramuwar gayya saboda amfani da 'yancinsu na tsarin mulki na kin amincewa da dokar corona ta gwamnatin Biden.
Bayan karar Twitter, Berenson ya shiga tabbataccen shaida cewa 'yan wasan gwamnati, gami da mai ba da shawara na White House Covid Andy Slavitt, sun yi aiki don yin la'akari da sukar manufofin Biden na Covid. A cikin wani taron sirri na Fadar White House a cikin Afrilu 2021, Slavitt ya yi niyya ta tweets na Berenson yana tambayar ingancin rigakafin Covid don cirewa. "Masu hada baki ba kawai su nemi Twitter su cire wani takamaiman sakon da Mista Berenson ya yi ba," a cewar karar Berenson. "A maimakon haka, sun tura Twitter don dakatar da shi gaba daya, matakin da ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki a kan jawabinsa."
Rob Flaherty ya fi kai tsaye a cikin bukatun sa na tacewa. "Don Allah a cire wannan asusun nan da nan," in ji shi ya gaya Twitter game da asusun parody na dangin Biden. Kamfanin ya tattara cikin sa'a guda.
Hujjoji na baka a cikin shari'ar magana ta kyauta ba ta kara bege ga kyakkyawan sakamako ba. Amma dogon gogewa ya nuna cewa gardama na baka na iya zama yaudara. Takaitattun bayanai da ka'idojin shari'a sune masu yanke hukunci. Idan shari'ar NRA ta kasance wata alama, masu ba da shawara na 'yancin magana na iya samun sabon tushe na bege a cikin hikimar Kotun Koli.
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Labarai daga Cibiyar Brownstone, ƙungiyar sa-kai da aka kafa a watan Mayu na 2021 don tallafawa al'umma da ke rage rawar tashin hankali a rayuwar jama'a.
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