Yawan a baya lafiya yara kasa da shekaru 16 da shekaru da m cutar hanta ya ninka cikin makonni biyu zuwa 450 lokuta a duniya, ciki har da mutuwar mutane 11. Yawancin lokuta an ba da rahotonsu a cikin Burtaniya (160) da kuma US (a halin yanzu, 180). A ciki Turai Yawancin lokuta ana samun su a Italiya (35) da Spain (22). Sama da kashi 8-14% na marasa lafiya suna buƙatar dashen hanta. Waɗannan yaran za su kasance suna shan magani na tsawon rayuwarsu. Har ya zuwa yanzu ainihin dalilin fashewar kwatsam a cikin hanta ba a bayyana ba.
Kodayake 50-72% na lokuta da aka gwada tabbatacce tare da gwajin PCR na Adenovirus, nama da samfuran hanta da aka ɗauka a cikin Burtaniya ba su nuna wani fasali na yau da kullun waɗanda za a iya sa ran tare da kumburin hanta saboda wannan ƙwayar cuta.
A Burtaniya, kashi 18% na wadanda aka ruwaito sun gwada ingancin kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 kuma lokuta uku sun gwada inganci makonni 8 kafin shigar da su. Mafi kyawun dalilin cutar hanta ya gano asalin kwayar cutar. Brodin da Aditi sun yi hasashen a SARS-CoV-2 superantigen tsaka-tsaki na rigakafi kunnawa a cikin Adenovirus-ji da gani mai watsa shiri.
A wannan lokacin da yawa daga cikin yaran da ke da hanta sun yi ƙanana da ba za su cancanci yin rigakafin COVID-19 ba. Ya zuwa yanzu, ba a sami bullar muhalli gama gari ba.
Jaundice yana da halayyar dukan yara masu ciwon hanta, wanda zai iya samun dalilai da yawa ciki har da guba da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Bincike a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya da aka yi bitar takwarorinsu akan toxicology na nanoparticles, microplastics, disinfectants da hypercapnia/hypoxia, yara sun kasance. fallasa sosai a yayin bala'in cutar ta sa samuwar bio corona da tara abubuwa masu guba ya zama bayani mai ma'ana don rushewar homeostasis na hanta.
A iya aiki ga wuce kima kunnawa na hanyoyin kumburin hanta an bayyana wa waɗannan kayan kafin cutar ta barke. Har yanzu ba a tantance tasirin hadadden cakuda waɗannan kayan da gurɓataccen sinadari da aka gabatar ba. Fahimtar yadda waɗannan kayan ke hulɗa tare da abubuwan da ke kewaye da su a cikin dogon lokaci da bayyanarwa akai-akai yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.
Matakan Cutar da Cutar Hanta
A farkon barkewar cutar, masu bincike da yawa sun yi gargaɗi game da rashin aminci na amfani da abin rufe fuska, gwaje-gwaje, da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta da kuma raunana tasirinsu akan tsarin rigakafi. Da yawa cibiyoyin suna fara bincike kan sinadarai masu cutarwa saboda gurbatar iska yayin da suke haifar da sanannen barazana ga lafiyar jama'a da tattalin arzikin kasa, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 10% na GDP na duniya a farashin kiwon lafiya da biliyan 3.75 sun rasa kwanakin aiki a matakin duniya a cikin 2060.
Abin baƙin ciki, kusan ba a fara gudanar da bincike na kuɗi a fannin aminci, farashi/fa'idar amfani da umarni. Maimakon haka, a lokacin bala'in an kashe makudan kudade kasa gaggawa bincike kan batutuwan da ba su da alaka da annoba.
Yayin da aka fara tunanin Covid-19 kamuwa da cuta ne na numfashi, takaddun bincike daban-daban sun nuna myocardial kumburi, hepatitis, ko abubuwan da suka shafi jijiya mai zaman kansa daga tsananin Covid-19 kuma wani lokacin ba tare da shaidar kamuwa da cuta ba. Wasu masu bincike sun gano cewa lalacewar zuciya ya fi alaƙa da zubar jini da kuma microthrombi sun kasance akai-akai. Kusan kashi 25 cikin XNUMX na mutanen da ke kwance a asibiti suna fama da rauni na zuciya kuma da yawa suna tasowa arrhythmias ko thromboembolism cuta.
Lockdowns, tare da mutane da yawa suna fuskantar yanayin tsoro da damuwa mai gudana da yawan fallasa ga nanoparticles, microplastics, high CO2 daukan hotuna da abubuwa masu guba sun raunana tsarin garkuwar jiki na halitta har ma da ƙari.
Bugu da ƙari, bincike da yawa sun nuna wani abin ban mamaki na danne tsarin rigakafi na asali bayan allura tare da PEGylated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) da aka gyara mRNA alluran rigakafi. In vivo karatu don cytotoxicity da genotoxicity na waɗannan alluran rigakafi, kafin a sake su a ƙarƙashin EUA kuma an ba da izini ga mutane da yawa da yara, an yi watsi da su.
Abin takaici, fiye da shekaru biyu cikin barkewar cutar wani mataki mai ban tsoro na ban mamaki ya tashi a cikin kamuwa da cuta da mara sadarwa cututtuka da kuma kwatsam ba Covid mutuwar an ruwaito, ko da mutuwar jarirai. The observer ruwaito daya cikin uku mutane a Burtaniya suna fama da rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci.
Hanta Tsarin Kulawa ne na rigakafi
Hanta wata muhimmiyar gabo ce da ke da alhakin ajiya, hadawa, metabolism da sake rarraba carbohydrates, fats da bitamin da yawa masu mahimmancin sunadaran. Ita ce babbar cibiyar detoxification na jiki. Mafi mahimmancin sashin jiki don samar da ingantaccen amsawar rigakafi na asali da kuma rufe mai ƙarfi da tsawon lokaci rigakafi, yana aiki don kiyaye ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da kumburi da yawa.
Kusan kashi 30 cikin XNUMX na jimlar jini yana wucewa ta hanta kowane minti daya kuma ana duba shi ta tsarin phagocytic mononuclear (MPS) a cikin hanta. Microenvironment a cikin hanta yana siffata kuma yana aiki da takamaiman antigen CD4+ T cell yawan jama'a da iya aiki tsawon rai/sabuntawa fiye da shekaru goma.
Babban adadin CD8, Kwayoyin Killer T na Halitta, Kwayoyin dendritic da macrophages (Kupfer Kwayoyin) a cikin hanta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin rigakafi mai karewa a lokacin rauni da kamuwa da cuta yana yanke shawarar haƙuri ko ƙumburi mai yawa. Kwayoyin hanta na musamman, hepatocytes, suna samar da kashi 80-90% na sunadaran rigakafin rigakafi da ke yawo a cikin jiki ciki har da sunadaran lokaci mai ƙarfi, haɓaka, sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙari.
Neutrophils, mafi yawan leukocytes a cikin jini, da ke cikin hanta suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin kumburi kuma suna aiki a matsayin gada mai aiki tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da kuma daidaitawa (B Kwayoyin B da T) suna kunna martani na musamman na antigen.
Kumburi na gida wani yanki ne na al'ada na hanta mai lafiya. A cikin hadadden microenvironment na hanta, da tsarin rigakafi na hanta yana jure wa ƙwayoyin cuta marasa lahani yayin da a lokaci guda ya rage faɗakarwa ga yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ko lalacewar nama. Ana buƙatar matakai masu kumburi don kawar da kanta daga ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ko samfurori masu guba na ayyukan rayuwa. Hanyoyin kumburi suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da hanyoyin da ke warware kumburi da haɓaka haɓakar nama.
Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar cuta mai yawa da dysregulated sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan hanta, hade da kumburi na tsarin: kamuwa da cuta na yau da kullum, autoimmunity da ciwon daji. Hanyoyin magance kumburin hanta suna da mahimmanci don kula da gabobin gida da tsarin tsarin homeostasis. Ma'auni ne tsakanin kunnawa da haƙuri wanda ke nuna hanta azaman sashin rigakafi na gaba. Rushe wannan tsarin sa ido mai daraja yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani da mutuwa.
Immune-Hanta Masu Rushewa
Matsayin da zai yiwu na matakan cutar a cikin wuce haddi kumburi a cikin jikin mutum ta hanyar rigakafin hanta masu rushewa yana da gaskiya. Da kansa kowannensu na iya haifar da matsalolin hanta. Mummunan koma baya na matakan sun zama mafi bayyane a cikin yara, masu kiba da marasa lafiya da marasa galihu.
Nanoparticles (watau inhaled graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, Ag daga facemasks ko swabs) da ke cikin jiki ana share su daga jini kuma za su fi son tarawa. sequester a cikin hanta, har zuwa 30-99% daga wadanda ke cikin jini kuma a adadi mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran gabobin.
Nazarin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna cewa nanomaterials na iya daidaitawa da kunnawa neutrophils da sauran ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Nanomaterials za a iya la'akari a matsayin wani yanayi na musamman na siginar haɗari waɗanda ke iya haifar da martani mara kyau. Tarin da sauri na nanoparticles a cikin mazaunin hanta macrophages zai iya canza magana na anti-mai kumburi kwayoyin. An lura da canje-canje na kwayoyin halitta da ke da alaƙa da lalatawa da sake zagayowar tantanin halitta.
Nanoparticles da aka sarrafa bisa tsari na iya yin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da erythrocytes masu yawo wanda ke haifar da tarawar erythrocyte da ko hemolysis wanda ke tare da sakin haemoglobin. Abubuwan da ke sama na nanoparticles an san su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a hulɗar nanoparticle-erythrocyte. Yawancin nanoparticles An san su kunna complements ta ko dai kansu ko ta hanyar sunadarai na jini. Kunna abubuwan da suka dace da hanyoyin kunnawa na iya ƙara haɓaka haɓakar ƙari.
Nanoparticles suna haɓaka takamaiman bio-corona wanda ya ƙunshi hadaddun da tsauri yadudduka na biomolecules waɗanda ke ba da nanoparticles tare da sabon shaidar rigakafi.
Nazarin kan polystyrene microplastics (wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin fuskokin fuska da swabs) ya nuna hepatotoxicity da dysregulation na lipid metabolism, haifar da damuwa na oxidative da amsa mai kumburi. Wannan ya haifar da haɗarin haɗari ga hanta steatosis, fibrosis da ciwon daji da kuma macrophage kumfa cell samuwar, Siffar sifa da aka lura a lokacin atherosclerosis wanda ke haifar da mummunar barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
wani binciken ya nuna cewa kifin da aka fallasa ga cakuda polyethylene tare da gurɓataccen sinadari yana haɓaka gurɓataccen sinadarai kuma yana fama da gubar hanta da ilimin cututtuka. Haka kuma 0.1 um microplastics na iya shiga hepatocytes daga wurare dabam dabam kuma haifar da lalacewar hanta ko da a ƙananan taro.
Microplastic zai iya haifar da kumburi Lalata DNA a cikin duka tsakiya da mitochondria yana nuna yiwuwar haɗarin hepatotoxicity da fibrosis. Ana samun microplastics a cikin jinin mutum na kashi 80% na mutanen da aka gwada, a cikin kyallen huhu mai zurfi da najasar ɗan adam.
Magungunan Covid-19 mRNA Yi amfani da Acuitas' PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol) ylated lipid nanoparticles (LNP). Lipids na PEGylated suna tallafawa daɗaɗɗen wurare dabam dabam kuma suna kare tasirin kumburi da cytotoxic na lipids cationic da aka yi amfani da su. Idan ba su da isasshen kariya ta PEG an nuna su don yin sulhu da haɗuwa da hulɗa tare da lalata membranes na erythrocytes wanda ke haifar da hemolysis. PEG abun ciki, daɗaɗɗen daɗaɗɗen nanoparticle yana rinjayar daurin sunadaran zuwa kwayar halitta da kuma ɗaukar ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
Duk da samun babban abin rufe fuska na PEG, babu wani tsarin NP da aka ɓullo da wanda zai iya tsayayya gabaɗaya hulɗa tare da sassan jini. Abin damuwa shine kashi 22-25% na mutanen da ba a taɓa fallasa su ga PEGylated therapeutics an gano suna da ƙwayoyin rigakafin PEG, wanda ya wuce shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Rufin PEG na iya haɓaka shiga cikin shingen nazarin halittu gami da rage hulɗa tare da shingen shingen matrix na nama na nama da ruwayen halittu kamar gamsai da ke haifar da ingantacciyar bayarwa.
Bayan allurar Moderna LNP za a iya gano ƙananan matakan a cikin kwakwalwa, mai yuwuwar nuna cewa mRNA LNP zai iya ketare shingen kwakwalwar jini kuma ya isa Tsarin Jijiya ta Tsakiya (CNS). Abin baƙin ciki, m yanayi mai kumburi na waɗannan LNPs ba a tantance ba.
A cikin bincike na yau da kullun an sami ingantaccen shigar da martanin rigakafi masu dacewa ta CD4+ T-cell kunnawa da martanin rigakafi na ban dariya. Ana hasashen sinadarin ionizable na roba zai sami kusan kwanaki 20-30 na rabin rayuwa a cikin mutane. An nuna cewa shayar da furotin na plasma yana faruwa da sauri sosai kuma yana rinjayar hemolysis, kunna thrombocyte, ɗaukar salula da mutuwar sel na endothelial. The bio corona samuwar PEGylated nanoparticle na iya canzawa akan lokaci.
Ƙara yawan tasirin sakamako da kuma bayar da rahoton babban ƙarfi don fitar da martanin antibody na iya ɗanɗano ɗanɗano daga yanayin kumburin LNP da ke ɗauke da kutsawar leukocyte da kunna cytokines masu kumburi daban-daban da chemokines. Kwayoyin da ke gabatar da Antigen da ke gabatar da allurar rigakafin da aka samu peptides/protein na iya haifar da lalacewar nama da kuma ta'azzara illa, waɗanda aka danganta da cututtukan autoimmune.
Mafi tsanani da illa na tsarin bayan harbin mai kara kuzari na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da haɓaka tasirin amsawar rigakafin da maganin ya haifar wanda ke haifar da babban martanin rigakafi. An samo Neutrophils don fifita cikin abubuwan PEGylated a cikin gaban plasma na ɗan adam. Har ila yau,, kara karatu na ƙara kunnawa dangane da PEG nanoparticles sun cancanci ingantaccen kimantawa don kayan kariya na rigakafi. Nazarin lura sun sami babban haɗari ga rikice-rikice sakamakon ingantaccen gwajin SARS-CoV-2. Nazarin da Jami'ar Lund ya nuna ta a vitro nazarin cewa maganin alurar rigakafin BNT162b2mRNA yana da saurin ɗauka cikin ƙwayoyin hanta na ɗan adam. A cikin sa'o'i 6 na bayyanuwar an canza RNA zuwa DNA.
Sennef et al. ya bayyana rushewar tsarin rigakafi na asali ta hanyar rigakafin Covid-19 mRNA da ke haifar da siginar interferon mai lalacewa, sakin adadi mai yawa na exosomes dauke da furotin na Spike, yiwuwar rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin sarrafa furotin da kuma kula da ciwon daji da kuma yiwuwar haɗin kai kai tsaye zuwa cutar hanta (tare da rahotanni sama da 2,000 a cikin VAERS da sauran cututtuka masu kumburi). An gano kasancewar furotin na Spike a cikin jini da kwanaki 2021 bayan allurar rigakafin mRNA a cikin nono.
An sake tsara aikin sake fasalin martanin rigakafi na asali bayan allurar BNT 162b2 ta Fohse et al. tare da ƙananan martani na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na asali, yayin da ƙwayoyin cytokine da suka haifar da fungi sun fi karfi. Nazarin kan Biovrix ta Nguyen et al. ya nuna rage yawan lipid metabolism da kuma ƙara lipotoxicity ta hanyar furotin Spike. Jiang et al An lura cewa furotin na Spike yana ɓoye a cikin tsakiya kuma yana hana gyare-gyaren DNA ta hanyar hana maɓalli na gyaran furotin na DNA zuwa wurin da ya lalace. Hanyar da furotin mai karu zai iya hana rigakafin daidaitawa wanda ke bayanin yuwuwar illolin. Suraswaki et al. ya bayyana cewa kwayar cutar da kanta na iya dysregulate abubuwan kariya na salula na asali ta amfani da sunadaran tsari daban-daban da marasa tsari.
Daukar Komawar Jikin Mu
Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Sirri daga Mayu 12, 2022, yana ba da sanarwar gajarta (daga kwanaki 300 zuwa 100) samfurin zuwa yanayin kasuwa don haɓaka amintattun alluran rigakafi, warkewa, da bincike sakamakon gano sabbin barazanar da yin aiki don samar da su ko'ina.
Kamar yadda aka tattauna, matakan cutar ta Covid-19 sun nuna ba su da aminci. Dukkan kayan an san su da yin mu'amala da haɗa sunadaran da ke samar da bio corona suna lalata jikin kayan masarufi don tafiyar da aiki yadda ya kamata.
Canje-canje na dabara a cikin kayan da ruwayen halittu na mutane na iya canza fasalin furotin na bio corona sosai kuma yana iya haifar da kumburi da yawa ko juriya na homeostasis. Musamman a cikin yaran da ke buƙatar ƙarin furotin, bitamin da ma'adanai don haɓaka tunani, jiki, da tsarin rigakafi, tarin abubuwa masu guba a cikin hanta da samuwar bio corona na iya zama babbar barazana ga lafiya.
A wannan mataki, ba a sani ba ko ɓarna a cikin cututtuka na haifar da ƙwayar cuta ko maye da / ko raguwar abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar hanyoyin sigina. Covid-19 na yau da kullun ganewar asali gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su gwajin taro suna da manyan kurakurai waɗanda ke sa ba zai yiwu a tabbatar da kasancewar ƙwayar cuta mai saurin kamuwa da cuta a matsayin sanadin bayyanar cututtuka guda ɗaya ba.
Adadin likitoci da masu bincike sun yarda: annobar ta kare. Ana buƙatar dakatar da duk matakan annoba nan da nan. Babban fifiko shine ɗaga wa'adin yara. Yara masu koshin lafiya koyaushe suna da ƙarancin haɗari don tsananin Covid-19 kuma ana kiyaye su da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da dorewa. rigakafi na halitta. Babu ƙarin darajar yin allurar rigakafi ga kowane mutum mai rigakafi na halitta. Haka kuma, haɗarin illar illar rigakafin mRNA ga yara yana da yawa. mRNA Covid allurar taruwa a cikin hanta Minti 30 bayan an yi masa allura.
Bincike mai zurfi game da inganci, sake sakewa da gurɓatar kayan kayan aikin kariya na mutum, fuskokin fuska, gwaje-gwaje, masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da alluran rigakafi, ana amfani da su tare da tasirin su akan jikin ɗan adam da yanayin muhalli yana buƙatar ba da fifiko da kuɗi.
A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, garkuwar garkuwar jikin mutane da dama ta samu rauni har ma ta karye. Muna buƙatar shirye-shirye don sake farfado da hanta da tsarin rigakafi ta yadda mutane za su iya fuskantar da amincewa da amincewa duk wani yiwuwar hare-haren ƙwayoyin cuta.
-
Carla Peeters ita ce ta kafa kuma darektan gudanarwa na COBALA Kyakkyawan Kulawa yana jin daɗi. Ita ce Shugaba na wucin gadi kuma mai ba da shawara kan dabarun don ƙarin lafiya da iya aiki a wurin aiki. Gudunmawarta ta mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi masu lafiya, jagora zuwa ingantacciyar kulawa da jiyya masu tsada waɗanda ke haɗa abinci mai gina jiki da salon rayuwa a cikin magani. Ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin rigakafi daga sashen likitanci na Utrecht, ta karanci Kimiyyar Halittu a Jami’ar Wageningen da Bincike, sannan ta yi kwas na tsawon shekaru hudu a fannin Ilimin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Halittu tare da kware a kan binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci da bincike. Ta bi shirye-shiryen zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin London, INSEAD da Makarantar Kasuwancin Nyenrode.
Duba dukkan posts
