Tsawon shekaru biyu, Jam'iyyun Jihohi 196 zuwa Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (IHR) na 2005 - wanda ya kunshi Membobi 194 na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), da Liechtenstein da Vatican - suna mikawa da tattaunawa kan gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar don sabunta wannan yarjejeniya. An gabatar da shi a cikin 1960s, IHR an yi niyya ne don ƙarfafa iyawar ƙasa da inganta haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe a cikin yanayin gaggawa na lafiya. Ko da yake yarjejeniya ta doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa (watau yarjejeniya), yawancin tanade-tanaden sun kasance na son rai koyaushe.
The daftarin na gyare-gyaren IHR da daftarin da ke tare Yarjejeniyar annobat duka suna nan karkashin shawarwari kasa da wata guda na zaben da aka yi niyya a Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHA) a cikin watan Mayu. Tare, suna nuna a canjin teku a cikin lafiyar jama'a na duniya a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Suna nufin kara daidaita kula da lafiyar jama'a siyasa a cikin WHO da kuma mayar da martani ga barkewar cututtuka a kan hanyar da ta dace, maimakon yadda WHO ta ba da fifiko a baya na gina juriya ga cututtuka ta hanyar abinci mai gina jiki, tsaftar muhalli, da kuma karfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya na al'umma.
Canza Muhallin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a
Metamorphosis na lafiyar jama'a yana mayar da martani ga yanayin umarni na ƙara Tallafin WHO da karuwar shigan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu cikin wannan kudade. Tare da haɓaka haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu na tushen kayayyaki gami da gavi (don alluran rigakafi) da CEPI (alurar rigakafin cututtuka), wannan an yi shi sosai da ƙarfi gidauniyoyi masu zaman kansu tare da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da Pharma, waɗanda ke tsara ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar tallafin kai tsaye da kuma tasirin da aka kawo kai tsaye kan ƙasashe.
Wannan ya zama sananne musamman yayin martani ga Covid-19, wanda a ciki kafin jagorancin WHO an yi watsi da shi don samun ƙarin umarni da matakan gama gari da suka haɗa da rufe wuraren aiki da yawa da allurar rigakafi. Sakamakon tattara dukiya a cikin masu zaman kansu da masu tallafawa na WHO, da karuwa impoverishment da kuma bashi na kasashe da yawan jama'a, dukkansu sun kafa tarihi na irin wadannan hanyoyin kuma sun bar duniya cikin sauki ga sanya su.
Tasirin Sabon Daftarin
A cikin fahimtar sake fasalin wasu shawarwari da ke gyara IHR a cikin sabon daftarin, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa martanin Covid-19 ya nuna babban nasara wajen shigar da wannan sabon tsarin mayar da martani a karkashin yanayin son rai na yanzu na IHR. Kamfanonin harhada magunguna sun yi nasarar rufe kwangiloli masu fa'ida kai tsaye tare da Jihohi, gami da tallafin jama'a don R&D da yarjejeniyoyin siyan gaba mara alhaki. An tallafa wa wannan tare da babban tallafi na kafofin watsa labaru, kiwon lafiya, tsari, da sassan siyasa waɗanda ke ba da damar babban matakin bin doka da kuma hana ƙin yarda.
Ƙaddamar da ƙarin iko a cikin hukumar ta WHO don maimaita wannan tsarin kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniya ta doka zai sauƙaƙa maimaita maimaitawa nan gaba, amma kuma yana gabatar da wani abu na abin da ba a sani ba a cikin tsarin da aka riga aka tabbatar yana aiki. Wadannan bangarori na daftarorin da suka gabata kuma sun gabatar da fitacciyar mayar da hankali ga adawar jama'a. Pharma ya san wannan gaskiyar a yayin tattaunawar.
Sabuwar sigar gyare-gyaren IHR da aka fitar akan 16th Don haka Afrilu ta kawar da kalmomin da za su haɗa da Membobin "aiki" don bin duk shawarwarin nan gaba daga Babban Darakta (DG) lokacin da ya ba da sanarwar bullar cutar ko wasu Gaggawar Lafiyar Jama'a na Damuwa ta Duniya (PHEIC) (tsohon Sabon Labari na 13A). Yanzu sun kasance a matsayin shawarwarin "marasa ɗauri".
Wannan canjin yana da hankali, ya dace da tsarin mulkin WHO, kuma yana nuna damuwa a cikin wakilan ƙasa game da wuce gona da iri. Takaitaccen lokacin bita wanda ya wuce a cikin salon zamani ta Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta 2022 zai shafi duk sai ƙasashe huɗu waɗanda suka ƙi su. In ba haka ba, manufar daftarin, da kuma yadda zai iya kasancewa, ba ya canzawa. The Bankin duniya, IMF, da kuma G20 sun nuna alamar tsammanin cewa gabaɗayan shirin zai ci gaba, da haɓaka ƙasa bashi yana ƙara ƙara ƙarfin tilasta hakan.
Har yanzu ana sa ran jihohi za su gudanar da ra'ayoyin da ba su yarda da shi ba, kuma tare da rakiyar Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwalara, WHO da abokan aikinta na ci gaba da kafa wani hadadden hadadden hadari (daga lafiyar jama'a, daidaito, da ra'ayin 'yancin ɗan adam) shafe babban tsarin sa ido mai tsada da tsada don gano bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin cuta na yanayi, buƙatu don sanar da ƙasashe cikin sauri, jigilar samfuran WHO zuwa masana'antun magunguna waɗanda suka zaɓa, a 100 rana Isar da maganin rigakafin mRNA yana ƙetare ka'idoji na yau da kullun da gwaje-gwajen aminci, sannan amsawar-maganin rigakafin da za a yi, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin martanin Covid-19, a kafa shi azaman hanyar dawowa al'ada. Wannan har yanzu yana iya yin kira ga DG shi kaɗai, kawai a kan fahimtarsa/ta na barazana maimakon ainihin cutarwa. Kamfanonin harhada magunguna za su sami tallafi da kuɗin jama'a (Duba tattaunawa akan Yarjejeniyar annoba), amma karɓar ribar da aka karewa abin alhaki.
Takardun da bai dace ba kuma mara shiri
Hukumar ta WHO ce za ta kula da wannan tsarin, duk da kasancewarsa mai cin gajiyar tallafin Pharma, wanda kuma shi ne zai kasance babban mai cin gajiyar kudi na annobar cutar. DG da kansa ya zaɓi membobin kwamitin waɗanda za su iya ba da shawara da kula da wannan tsari (maimakon Membobin Jihohin da ya kamata su kasance masu jagoranci a ƙarshe). Hukumar ta WHO tana samun kudade don ajandarta ta gaggawa daga kungiyoyi iri daya da masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu wadanda zasu amfana.
The rikice-rikice na sha'awa kuma illar cin hanci da rashawa a cikin wannan shiri a bayyane yake. An riga an kafa tsarin mulkin kasa da kasa don wannan, wanda kawai dalilinsa na wanzuwarsa shine don sanin cewa bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan annoba, wani ɓangare na rayuwa, barazana ce da ke buƙatar takamaiman martani wanda dole ne su aiwatar. DG na yanzu ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a duniya kan cutar sankarau, bayan mutuwar mutane biyar kacal a cikin rukunin alƙaluman bayyananne kuma iyakanceccen tsari.
A ƙarshe, rubutun na yanzu na gyare-gyaren da aka tattauna a ƙasa bai cika cika ba. Akwai sabani na cikin gida, kamar jumla duka biyun da ke buƙatar izini da kuma, abin ban mamaki da ban tsoro, suna ba da shawarar a soke wannan. Ma'anar da aka bayar game da annoba ta dogara ne akan martanin da aka sanya a wuri kamar kwayar cuta ko cutar kanta. Ta hanyar cire taƙaitaccen lokacin bita da cire tilas a bayyane, wanda ya gabata kuskuren gaggawa kuma da alama an gane mitar barkewar cutar.
Duk da haka, wannan daftarin aiki, da daftarin Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwalara, har yanzu ana son a kada kuri'a a kai kafin karshen watan Mayu. Wannan gaba daya shafe da bukata ta shari'a a cikin Mataki na 55 na IHR (2005), kuma an maimaita shi a cikin wannan daftarin, na tsawon watanni hudu kafin kada kuri'a. Wannan ba kawai rashin hankali ba ne idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin rubutun da ba a kammala ba, amma rashin daidaito yayin da yake cutar da ƙasashe masu ƙarancin albarkatu wajen yin la'akari da tasirin da zai iya tasiri ga lafiya, 'yancin ɗan adam, da tattalin arzikinsu. Babu wasu dalilai na tsari da zai hana WHO yin kira don kada kuri'a na WHA daga baya bayan an yi bitar daftarin da kyau. Kasashe membobi yakamata su bukaci hakan a fili.
Muhimman gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar da kuma tasirin su
Maɓallin canje-canje da abubuwan da ke tattare da daftarin yanzu an taƙaita su a ƙasa. Ana samun canje-canjen da aka tsara nan.
Ya kamata a sake duba gyare-gyaren da aka tsara ta la'akari da rashin gaggawa, ƙarancin nauyi, da rage yawan bullar cututtuka da aka rubuta a halin yanzu da kuma babban. bukatun kudi zuwa ƙasashe - waɗanda ke fama da talauci da bashi bayan kulle-kulle - don kafa ƙarin ofisoshin ƙasa da ƙasa da cibiyoyi. Hakanan dole ne a tantance shi ta la'akari da daftarin Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwayar cuta, bayyanar rikice-rikice na sha'awa, tarin dukiya tsakanin masu tallafawa WHO yayin martanin Covid-19, da kuma rashin ci gaba da ingantaccen bincike mai fa'ida mai fa'ida game da martanin Covid-19 da kuma gabatar da sabbin matakan annoba daga WHO.
(Bayanin rubutu: Rubutun da ke ƙasa yana nuna amfani da shi a cikin daftarin gyare-gyare don nuna sabon rubutun da aka ƙara a cikin wannan daftarin.)
Mataki na 1. Ma'anarsa.
“Cutar cuta” tana nufin gaggawar lafiyar jama'a na damuwa na duniya, mai kamuwa da cuta a yanayi kuma:
(i) ya bazu kuma yana yaduwa zuwa kuma a tsakanin Jam'iyyun Jihohi da yawa a duk yankuna na WHO; kuma
(ii) yana ƙetare ƙarfin tsarin kiwon lafiya don amsawa a cikin waɗannan Jihohin Jihohi; da (iii) yana haifar da rugujewar zamantakewa da/ko tattalin arziki da/ko siyasa a cikin waɗannan Jam'iyyun Jihohin; kuma
(iv) yana buƙatar gaggawa, daidaito da haɓaka ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na kasa da kasa, tare da dukkanin gwamnatoci da hanyoyin al'umma gaba ɗaya.
Yana da amfani a saka ma'anar 'cutar' a cikin daftarin, kamar yadda aka lura kwanan nan wasu wurare cewa idan ba tare da wannan ba gaba ɗaya ajanda na bala'in ba za a iya bayyana shi ba. Kula da amfani da 'da;' duk waɗannan sharuɗɗan dole ne a cika su.
Yana da, duk da haka, ma'anar da ba ta dace ba. Yayin da sashe (i) yana da hankali kuma na al'ada, (ii) zai bambanta tsakanin Jihohi, ma'ana cewa fashewa iri ɗaya na iya zama "annoba" a wata ƙasa, amma ba ɗayan ba. Dole ne kuma ya haifar da rugujewar zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa, kuma dole ne ya buƙaci 'dukkan tsarin gwamnati'.
"Hanyoyin-dukkan-gwamnati" kalma ce da ba za a iya bayyanawa ba amma sanannen magana a cikin lafiyar jama'a, wanda za'a iya cewa kusan ba komai bane - menene ainihin buƙatar tsarin gwamnati gaba ɗaya? Tabbas, babu wata cuta da ta barke a cikin 'yan ƙarnuka da suka gabata da za ta tabbatar da sauri, saboda takamaiman makamai na yawancin gwamnatoci ne kawai ke da hannu. Wasu ƙasashe suna da ingantacciyar hanya mai sauƙi yayin Covid-19, tare da ƙayyadaddun jujjuyawar gwamnati, yayin da suka isa irin wannan ko mafi kyawun sakamako fiye da jihohin makwabta. Wannan yana nufin cewa Covid-19 zai faɗi a waje da wannan ma'anar annoba duk da "yaduwa zuwa cikin" Jihohi da yawa, da kuma haifar da rashin lafiya.
Wannan ma'anar ya bayyana ba a cika yin tunani ba, yana nuna yanayin gaggawar wannan takarda da rashin shirye-shiryen jefa ƙuri'a.
“Cutar Gaggawa” na nufin gaggawar lafiyar jama'a na damuwa na duniya wanda ke da kamuwa da cuta a yanayi kuma:
(i) yana, ko kuma yana yiwuwa, yana yaduwa zuwa kuma a tsakanin Jam'iyyun Jihohi da yawa a cikin Yankunan WHO; kuma
(ii) ya zarce, ko kuma yana yiwuwa ya wuce, ƙarfin tsarin kiwon lafiya don ba da amsa a cikin waɗannan Ƙungiyoyin Jihohi; kuma
(iii) yana haifar, ko yana iya haifar da rugujewar zamantakewa da/ko tattalin arziki da/ko siyasa a cikin waɗannan Jam'iyyun Jihohi; kuma
(iv) yana buƙatar gaggawa, daidaito da haɓaka ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na kasa da kasa, tare da dukkanin gwamnatoci da hanyoyin al'umma gaba ɗaya.
'Anobar gaggawa' sabon lokaci ne. Ma'anar ya haɗa da "ko yana iya zama," don haka maye gurbin canji a cikin Mataki na 12 a cikin sigar da ta gabata wanda ya haɗa da "mai yiwuwa ko na gaske" don faɗaɗa iyakar PHEIC zuwa barazanar da aka sani maimakon abin da ya haifar da lahani na gaske. watau shawarwarin IHR ba su canzawa akan wannan batu.
Da alama ana amfani da 'Cutar Gaggawa' a cikin rubutu azaman yanki na Gaggawar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Damuwa ta Duniya (PHEIC). Wannan na iya zama don tabbatar da daidaito na gaba na Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwayar cuta tare da manufofi akan PHEICs, saboda wannan ƙayyadaddun cututtukan cuta ne yayin da adiresoshin IHR suka ayyana gaggawar lafiyar jama'a ta duniya kowane iri.
"Kayan lafiya" na nufin magunguna; magungunan rigakafi; na'urorin likita ciki har da bincike; samfurori masu taimako; kayayyakin sarrafa vector, jini da sauran kayayyakin asalin mutum.
Ƙuntatacce fiye da daftarin da ya gabata, wanda ya haɗa da zaɓi na "...da sauran fasahohin kiwon lafiya, amma ba'a iyakance ga wannan ba," sannan ayyana 'fasaha na kiwon lafiya' a matsayin duk wani abu da ke inganta "jin dadi."
Shawarwari masu tsayi da Shawarwari na wucin gadi yanzu an koma su zama “shawarar da ba ta ɗaurewa ba,” tare da share kalmomin 'marasa ɗauri' a baya an koma ga rubutun (duba kuma bayanin kula akan Mataki na 13A da Mataki na 42 a ƙasa).
Mataki na 5 Sa ido
Sakin layi na 1.
Kowace Jam'iyyar Jiha za ta haɓaka, ƙarfafawa da kiyayewa, da wuri-wuri amma ba a wuce shekaru biyar ba daga shigar da waɗannan Dokokin na waccan Jam'iyyar Jiha, ainihin ikon ganowa, tantancewa, sanarwa da bayar da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru daidai da waɗannan Dokokin, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin Annex 1.
Wannan har yanzu yana da matsala, musamman ga ƙasashe masu ƙanƙanta da matsakaita. “Mahimman iyawa” a cikin Annex One sun haɗa da sa ido, ƙarfin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kula da ƙwararrun ma’aikata, da sarrafa samfurin. Yawancin ƙasashe har yanzu suna gwagwarmaya don haɓakawa da kula da waɗannan cututtukan masu nauyi kamar tarin fuka, tare da sanannen mace-mace sakamakon rashin iya aiki. The Yarjejeniyar annoba Yana shimfida waɗannan mahimman buƙatun albarkatu daki-daki. Kasashe masu karamin karfi na fuskantar babbar illa ta hanyar karkatar da albarkatu daga matsalolin kiwon lafiya masu nauyi zuwa matsalar da galibin kasashen yammacin duniya ke dauka a matsayin babbar barazana daga kasashen yammacin duniya masu ci gaba da rayuwa mai yawa.
Abin sha'awa, tsammanin tantancewa:
"Sadar da haɗari, gami da magance rashin fahimta da ɓarna"
Hakanan yanzu an ɓoye shi a cikin Annex 1, amma ya kasance da gaske baya canzawa.
Sakin layi na 5:
Lokacin da WHO ta nema, Jam'iyyun Jihohi kamata so ba da, gwargwadon iyawa ta hanyoyi da albarkatun da suke da ita, tallafi ga ayyukan mayar da martani na WHO.
Idan wannan yana nufin wani abu, canjin daga 'ya kamata' zuwa 'da alama yana nuna cewa har yanzu ana sa ran Jam'iyyar Jiha ta kasance ƙarƙashin wani shugabanci daga WHO. Wannan koma baya ne ga batun ikon mallaka - rashin bin doka ana iya amfani da shi azaman dalilin aiwatarwa kamar ta hanyoyin kuɗi (misali Bankin Duniya, kayan aikin kuɗi na IMF).
Kalmomin suna da fursunoni na tserewa a cikin 'cikin hanyoyi da albarkatu,' amma wannan sai ya haifar da tambayar dalilin da yasa ake ganin ya zama dole a canza 'ya kamata' zuwa 'za.'
Mataki na 12 Ƙaddamar da gaggawar lafiyar jama'a na damuwa na duniya, ciki har da annoba gaggawa
Sakin layi na 1.
Babban Darakta zai ƙayyade, bisa ga bayanan da aka karɓa, musamman daga Jam'iyyar Jiha(wato) a cikin yankin wane(wato) wani al'amari yana faruwa, ko wani lamari ya zama gaggawar lafiyar jama'a na damuwa na duniya, gami da, lokacin da ya dace, gaggawar annoba,…
DG shi kaɗai ke riƙe da ikon ayyana PHEIC ko annoba ta gaggawa (Duba tanadin Babi na III da ke ƙasa game da ikon DG akan kwamitoci).
Mataki na 13 Martanin lafiyar jama'a, gami da samun damar samfuran kiwon lafiya
Sakin layi na 1.
Kowace Jam'iyyar Jiha za ta haɓaka, ƙarfafawa da kiyayewa, da wuri-wuri amma ba bayan shekaru biyar daga shigar da waɗannan Dokokin na waccan Jam'iyyar ta Jiha, mahimman abubuwan da za su shirya don, da kuma ba da amsa cikin sauri da inganci ga haɗarin lafiyar jama'a da lafiyar lafiyar jama'a na gaggawa na damuwa na duniya, gami da bala'in gaggawa, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Annex 1.
Kamar yadda na sama - wannan yana buƙatar zama na zaɓi kamar yadda ya dace a cikin yanayi da yawa. Madadin (bis) na biye da shi ya fi dacewa kuma yayi daidai da daidaito:
1.bis. Kowace Jam'iyyar Jiha za ta, a cikin hanyoyi da albarkatun da take da su, ta samar da kuɗaɗen gida mai ɗorewa don ginawa, ƙarfafawa da kuma kula da muhimman ayyukan da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin waɗannan Dokokin.
Sharuɗɗa na 17 don shawarwari
Lokacin bayarwa, gyara ko ƙare shawarwarin wucin gadi ko na tsaye, Darakta-Janar zai yi la'akari:
(a) ra'ayoyin Jihohin da abin ya shafa kai tsaye;
(b) Shawarar Kwamitin Gaggawa ko Kwamitin Bita, kamar yadda lamarin ya kasance;…
Darakta-Janar yana da ikon bayyanawa da dakatar da PHEIC, tare da kwamitin gaggawa da ƙasashe membobin suna ba da shawara kawai.
Mataki na 18 Shawarwari game da mutane, kaya, kaya, kwantena, jigilar kaya, kaya da fakitin gidan waya
3. Shawarwari da WHO ta bayar ga Jam'iyyun Jihohi suyi la'akari da bukatar:
(a) sauƙaƙe tafiye-tafiye na ƙasa da ƙasa, kamar yadda ya dace, gami da na ma'aikatan lafiya da mutanen da ke cikin barazanar rayuwa ko yanayin jin kai…
Ana fatan wannan ya nuna wasu fahimtar illolin da aka yi a cikin martanin Covid-19 ta hanyar tasirin balaguron kasa da kasa kan tattalin arziki. Mutane suna mutuwa cikin yunwa a kasashe masu karamin karfi, kuma suna rasa kudaden shiga da kuma ilimi a nan gaba, musamman mata, lokacin da aka dakatar da yawon shakatawa. Koyaya, ya bayyana ya keɓe ga ma'aikatan lafiya.
Mataki na ashirin da uku Matakan kiwon lafiya kan isowa da tashi
3. Ba za a gudanar da gwajin likita, allurar rigakafi, rigakafi ko matakin kiwon lafiya a ƙarƙashin waɗannan Dokokin ba a kan matafiya ba tare da sanarwarsu ta farko ba ko ta iyayensu ko masu kula da su, sai dai kamar yadda aka tanadar a sakin layi na 2 na Mataki na 31,…
Mataki na 31, sakin layi na 2 (a kasa) da aka nakalto a nan a zahiri yana goyan bayan allurar riga-kafi, cin karo tare da ingantaccen tanadin yarda da ke sama, don haka ɗaya ko wani yana buƙatar sake magana (wanda ke fatan wannan shine Mataki na 31).
Yin amfani da matsayin rigakafin a matsayin ma'auni na haƙƙin shiga, haƙƙin mallaka na ƙasa kodayake ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin martanin Covid-19, na iya yin amfani da maƙasudi lokacin da allurar rigakafin ta toshe watsa wata mummunar cuta da ba ta riga ta zama ruwan dare a ƙasar da abin ya shafa ba.
Mataki na 31 Matakan kiwon lafiya da suka shafi shigowar matafiya
2. Idan matafiyi wanda Jam'iyyar Jiha za ta buƙaci a yi masa gwajin lafiya, ko alluran rigakafi ko wasu rigakafin da ke ƙarƙashin sakin layi na 1 na wannan labarin ya kasa amincewa da kowane irin wannan ma'auni, ko kuma ya ƙi bayar da bayanai ko takaddun da aka ambata a sakin layi na 1 (a) na Mataki na ashirin da 23, Jam'iyyar da abin ya shafa na iya, dangane da Mataki na 32, 42 da na 45 na hana tafiya. Idan akwai shaidar haɗarin lafiyar jama'a da ke gabatowa, Jam'iyyar Jiha na iya, daidai da dokarta ta ƙasa da kuma gwargwadon abin da ya dace don sarrafa irin wannan haɗarin, tilasta matafiyi don sha ko ba da shawara ga matafiyi, bisa ga sakin layi na 3 na Mataki na 23, don sha:
(a) jarrabawar likita mafi ƙanƙanta da kutsawa wanda zai cimma manufar lafiyar jama'a;
(b) allurar rigakafi ko wasu rigakafi; ko
(c) ƙarin ingantattun matakan kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke hana ko sarrafa yaduwar cuta, gami da keɓewa, keɓewa ko sanya matafiyi ƙarƙashin kulawar lafiyar jama'a.
watau Sabanin Mataki na 23, ba da izini ba zai zama abin da ake bukata ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don yin gwajin lafiya ko allurar mutane.
Alurar riga kafi a lokacin shiga ba shi da wani amfani wajen hana shigo da cututtuka, domin ba zai hana kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta a cikin matafiyi ba, don haka allurar riga-kafi a lokacin shigowa ba halayya ce ta lafiyar al’umma ba, ba tare da la’akari da hakkin dan Adam ba.
Bukatar gwaje-gwajen likita, ko keɓe kan ƙi, za a ɗauka gabaɗaya azaman makoma ta ƙarshe a cikin cututtuka masu haɗari masu haɗari, amma bai kamata a sanya shi da sauƙi ba.
Canje-canje a cikin Sashe na IX dangane da amfani da masana da gudanar da kwamitoci
Babi na I - Rubutun IHR na Kwararru
Mataki na 47 Haɗa
Darakta-Janar zai kafa jerin sunayen ƙwararru a duk fannonin ƙwarewar da suka dace (daga nan "IHR Expert Roster"). Darakta-Janar zai nada membobin IHR Expert Roster daidai da Dokokin WHO don Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kwararru da kwamitoci (daga nan "Dokokin Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar WHO"), sai dai idan an ba da su a cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin.
Wannan, a fili, bai dace ba ga shugaban ƙungiyar kai tsaye wanda waɗanda ke cin gajiyar matakan yaƙin da aka ɗauka ke bayarwa, saboda rashin jituwa. Ya kamata Jam’iyyun Jihohi, a matsayinsu na masu WHO, lallai su samar da kwararru daga tafkin nasu na kasa. Wannan zai rage rikice-rikice na sha'awa kuma yana taimakawa tabbatar da bambancin da wakilci.
Mataki na ashirin da 48 Sharuɗɗan tunani da abun da ke ciki [na kwamitin gaggawa]
2. Kwamitin gaggawa zai ƙunshi ƙwararrun da Darakta-Janar ya zaɓa daga Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun IHR.
Duba bayanin kula akan Mataki na 47.
Mataki na 49 Tsarin [na Kwamitin Gaggawa]
Akan yanke shawara gami da PHEIC:
5. Za a mika ra'ayoyin Kwamitin Gaggawa ga Babban Darakta don dubawa. Darakta-Janar ne zai yanke hukunci na ƙarshe a kan waɗannan batutuwa.
Kamar yadda yake a sama, DG yana da iko kaɗai. Wannan yana jaddada mahimmancin kiyaye yarda da IHR na son rai. Babban Darakta na yanzu ya ba da sanarwar Gaggawar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Damuwa ta Duniya game da cutar sankarau, bayan mutuwar mutane biyar kawai a cikin takamaiman rukunin alƙaluma. Wannan zai, a ƙarƙashin sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Cutar Kwayar cuta da tanade-tanade a nan, ba da damar DG ta haifar da duk tsarin ba da shawarar kulle-kulle, haɓakar rigakafin gaggawa, haɓaka rigakafin dole, da kuma haifar da ribar da ke gudana ga ƙungiyoyin da ke da hannu a halin yanzu. bayar da tallafin ajandar cutar ta WHO.
Babi na III - Kwamitin Bita
Mataki na ashirin da 50 Sharuɗɗan tunani da abun da ke ciki
3. Darakta-Janar ne za a zaba kuma ya nada mambobin kwamitin.
Kamar yadda a sama. Dole ne kwamitin bita ya kasance mai zaman kansa don yin aiki yadda ya kamata, don haka mutanen da suke dubawa ba za su iya zaɓar su ba. Har ila yau, a nan, kamar yadda rikice-rikice na iya faruwa kamar yadda masu cin gajiyar tsarin da aka tsara su ma ke daukar nauyin wani bangare na tsari.
Mataki na 51 Gudanar da kasuwanci
Darakta-Janar zai gayyaci kasashe membobi, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da hukumominta na musamman da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a cikin dangantakar hukuma da WHO don nada wakilai don halartar zaman kwamitin. Irin waɗannan wakilai na iya ba da sanarwar kuma, tare da amincewar shugaban, yin bayani kan batutuwan da ake tattaunawa. Ba za su sami damar yin zabe ba.
Yana da ban mamaki ga kwamitin sake dubawa cewa kawai wadanda aka nada wanda mutumin da abin da ya shafi nazari ne kawai ke da damar kada kuri'a kuma ya yanke shawara. Koyaya, wannan ya kutsa cikin nan, kuma babu wani yunƙuri na ƙasashe membobin don samar da hanyar sa ido sosai.
Mataki na 54 Rahoto da bita
3. WHO za ta gudanar da nazari lokaci-lokaci don yin nazari da kimanta aikin Annex 2.
Ƙarin WHO na nazarin kanta, amma… sannan:
Mataki na 54bis aiwatarwa da Kwamitin Biyayya don Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya (2005)
2. Kwamitin aiwatarwa da bin doka na IHR zai ƙunshi membobin jam'iyyar Jiha [lamba], [lamba] daga kowane yanki na WHO waɗanda ke da wakilcin cancanta da gogewa. Membobin Jam'iyyar Jiha za su yi aiki na [lamba] shekaru.
Wannan madaidaicin Mataki na 54 da alama wani yunƙuri ne na wasu Membobi (s) na Membobin don dawo da wasu sa ido daga DG, da tabbatar da zaɓen membobin kwamitin wakilai tare da ainihin aikin yanke shawara. Idan haka ne, yana iya amfana daga ƙarfafa kalmomin.
Mataki na 55 gyare-gyare
Darakta-Janar za a sanar da saƙon duk wani gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar ga duk sassan Jihohi aƙalla watanni huɗu kafin Majalisar Kiwon Lafiyar da aka ba da shawarar yin la'akari da ita.
Wannan, ba shakka, bai dace da ƙuri'a kan waɗannan gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar a watan Mayu 2024 ba.
Lokacin yin bitar abubuwan yana da mahimmanci ba shakka. Wata hudu gajere ne don wannan, makonni huɗu zai zama abin ban dariya.
Mataki na 59 Shiga aiki; lokacin ƙin yarda ko ajiyar kuɗi
1. Lokacin da aka tanadar don aiwatar da Mataki na ashirin da 22 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na WHO don ƙin yarda, ko kiyaye waɗannan ka'idoji ko gyara a cikin su, zai kasance watanni 18 daga ranar sanarwar da Darakta-Janar na amincewa da waɗannan ƙa'idodin ko na gyara ga waɗannan ka'idoji ta Majalisar Lafiya. Duk wani ƙin yarda ko ajiyar da Darakta-Janar ya karɓa bayan ƙarewar wannan lokacin ba zai yi tasiri ba.
2. Waɗannan Dokokin za su fara aiki watanni 24 bayan ranar sanarwar da aka ambata a sakin layi na 1 na wannan labarin, sai dai .. Jihohin da suka ƙi ko shigar da ajiyar kuɗi…]
Za a gyara wannan labarin bisa ƙudurin da yawancin Jihohi suka karɓa a baya a WHA a cikin 2022 (ban da waɗanda suka ƙi kafin ƙarshen 2023), rage lokacin bita. An fayyace wannan a cikin wani rahoto daga DG: “27. Canje-canje ga Articles 55, 59, 61, 62 da 63 na Dokokin, wanda Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta saba'in da biyar ta amince da shi ta hanyar ƙuduri WHA75.12 (2022), zai fara aiki a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2024. Slovakia ta sanar da Darakta-Janar na kin amincewa da gyare-gyaren da aka ambata a sama."
Sabbin Labaran yanzu sun fara aiki watanni 12 bayan jefa kuri'a (Mataki na 63).
Ga Jihohi huɗu waɗanda suka ƙi duk wani gyara yayin lokacin bita, sannan ana amfani da sigogin da suka gabata na waɗannan Labaran. Kamar yadda yake a baya, duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙin yarda da aiki, a cikin watanni 10 ko 18 bi da bi, ko waɗannan Labaran da ke ɗaure bisa doka suna aiki ta atomatik (Mataki na 61).
Wasu batutuwa.
Gabaɗaya bayanin kula akan kalmomi.
"Ƙasashe masu tasowa" da "masu tasowa". Wataƙila lokaci ya yi da WHO ta ci gaba daga tunanin cewa wasu ƙasashe sun fi wasu 'ci gaba'. Wataƙila 'masu yawan shiga,' 'tsakiyar shiga' da 'ƙananan kuɗi,' suna nuna al'adar Bankin Duniya, ba su da 'yan mulkin mallaka. Shin kasashe 'da suka ci gaba' sun sami duk abin da ci gaba da fasaha za su iya samarwa?
Wannan ba shakka yana nufin cewa an 'ci gaba' shekaru 20 da suka gabata, kuma fasahar ita ce kawai ma'aunin ci gaba, maimakon al'adu, fasaha, balagaggen siyasa, ko fifiko don kada bama-bamai a ƙasashe masu ƙarfi. WHO ta ɗauki ƙasashe irin su Indiya, Masar, Habasha, da Mali, waɗanda ke da tarihin rubuce-rubuce na dubban shekaru da wayewa, ba su da 'ci gaba'. Kalmomi suna da mahimmanci. Suna haɓaka, a wannan yanayin, ra'ayi na matsayi na ƙasashe (saboda haka mutane) dangane da ci gaba ko mahimmanci, dangane da ra'ayin duniya na son abin duniya.
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David Bell, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likitan lafiyar jama'a ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu a cikin lafiyar duniya. David tsohon jami'in kiwon lafiya ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shugaban Shirin Malaria da cututtukan zazzabi a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma Daraktan Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Duniya na Intellectual Ventures a Bellevue, WA, Amurka.
Duba dukkan posts
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Dokta Thi Thuy Van Dinh (LLM, PhD) ya yi aiki a kan dokokin kasa da kasa a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Drug da Laifuka da Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Daga baya, ta gudanar da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi don Intellectual Ventures Global Good Fund kuma ta jagoranci yunƙurin haɓaka fasahar kiwon lafiyar muhalli don ƙananan albarkatun ƙasa.
Duba dukkan posts
