Tun da cutar ta barke yara ƙanana suna fama da haɓakar cututtuka masu ban mamaki. Wasu na iya ma sun ninka sau biyu, daban-daban daga cututtuka masu yaduwa, cututtuka na tunani (damuwa, damuwa, kashe kansa. ya canza zuwa +25%. a duk duniya) zuwa cututtukan hormonal (farkon farkon balaga) zuwa kumburi (cututtukan hanji mai zafi (IBD), kiba kuma yanzu ciwon hanta (kumburi na hanta).
A cikin makon da ya gabata, tashin Hepatitis a cikin yara masu karfin rigakafi 'yan kasa da shekaru goma sun kasance a cikin labarai. Yara 169 cikin XNUMX masu fama da ciwon hanta sun bukaci dashen hanta da kuma Yaro 1 ya mutu. Yaran da ke fama da hanta ba a yi musu allurar rigakafin Covid ba. A cikin 77% na lokuta gwajin PCR tabbatacce domin Adenovirus an samu, ko da yake ciwon hanta wanda wannan kwayar cuta ke haifarwa ba kasafai ba ne.
Masana sun ba da shawarar tsarin garkuwar jiki yana raguwa saboda kulle-kulle da ƙarancin fallasa ga sauran ƙwayoyin cuta. A tip na kankara kamar yawancin lokuta na hepatitis watakila ba za a gane ba tukuna.
Duniya na fuskantar matsalar rashin lafiya da ke shafar yara kanana ta hanyar mai da hankali kan wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa tare da maimaita kulle-kulle, ci gaba da matakan cutar, gwaji akai-akai da haɓaka. mai guba muhalli da kuma tsabtace iska matsala.
Za'a iya yin bayanin hauhawar hauhawar cututtuka da yawa a cikin yara ƙanana ta hanyar raguwar tsarin rigakafi da ke da alaƙa da rugujewar hanji-hanta-kwakwalwa. Rashin son bincika dalilin da zai haifar da cutarwa ta hanyar haɓaka ga abubuwa masu guba da ba a san su ba, nanoparticles, barasa da microplastics ba za su iya riƙe ba. Don ceton rayuwar yara masu koshin lafiya ana buƙatar isasshiyar amsa bisa ingantacciyar kimar fa'idar haɗari.
Microbiome mai Rushewa
Masana kimiyya suna haɓaka ilimin da sauri cewa jikin ɗan adam ya kasance da farko na tiriliyan microorganisms tare da mafi yawan rayuwa a ciki. hanji samar da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin halittar jiki kamar yadda metabolism, rigakafi, aikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da ci gaban neuronal. Rabin dukkanin kwayoyin halitta a jikinmu ba mutum ba ne.
Hatta tsarin jijiya na tsakiya, wanda aka yi tunanin ba ya haihuwa, al'umma dabam-dabam sun mamaye shi. Rashin tsari na tsarin su da aikin su na iya haifar da rushewar gida mai masaukin microbial kuma yana iya haifar da cuta.
Rikice-rikice a cikin mulkin mallaka na farko a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwa na iya haifar da sakamakon lafiya na tsawon rai da kuma canjin tsarin rigakafi. Daga cikin daular rayuwa kwayoyin cuta, fungi da mafi yawa daga cikin 380 trillion ƙwayoyin cuta suna mamaye microbiome. Bangaren kwayoyin cuta ya zuwa yanzu an fi yin nazari kuma an nuna cewa yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin manya masu lafiya.
Ƙungiyar ƙwayar cuta ta hanji tana ba da sabis na abinci mai mahimmanci ga mai masaukin ta, muhimmin direba ne na rigakafi na mucosal kuma yana ba da kariya daga cututtuka masu ciki. Yana kula da homeostasis na gastrointestinal tract kuma yana daidaita gyaran gyare-gyare na hanji da kuma daidaitattun maɗaukaki masu mahimmanci, dukansu suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin gut-barrier.
Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar cuta tare da dysbiosis na gut microbiome sune tsakiya a cikin cututtukan cututtuka na hanji-hanta-kwakwalwa axis. yara kuma tsofaffi suna da ƙarancin iri-iri a cikin microbiome kuma sun fi saurin rushewa.
Ƙungiyoyin cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta tare da Ciwon Hanji mai Irritable ((kumburi na gut kamar Cutar Crohn (yana shafar kowane bangare na hanji daga baki zuwa dubura) da Colitis Ulcerosa (wanda ke shafar hanjin kawai)) da kuma tsarin rigakafi yana raguwa.
A abun da ke ciki na mutum virome yana rinjayar abinci, kwayoyin halitta, muhalli da yanayin ƙasa. Yawancin su (bacteriophages) ba sa kai hari ga ƙwayoyin ɗan adam amma suna neman ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin microbiome kuma suna amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don yin kwafin kansu. Ƙananan rabo yana cutar da sel a cikin kyallen takarda kai tsaye. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin ƴan tsiraru saboda tsarin garkuwar jiki yana danne su. Koyaya, lokacin da tsarin rigakafi ya cika, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ninka nan da nan.
Rashin aiki na Gut-Hanta-Brain Axis
The homeostasis na gut microbiome yana da alhakin dacewa na hanji da kuma dacewa hanta aiki. Hanta da hanji suna haɗe ta hanyar portal vein wanda shine babbar hanyar kewayawa ta shiga cikin metabolites, hormones, immunoglobulins da bile acid. Rushe homeostasis da haɓakar mucosa na hanji yana kunna kumburin hanta.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙwayar microbiome na gut yana samar da adadi mai yawa na sinadarai (kamar serotonin) wanda kwakwalwa ke amfani da shi don daidaita tsarin tsarin jijiya kamar koyo da yanayi. Cibiyar sadarwa da aka haɗa da gut yana rinjayar neuroendocrine da kwayoyin neuroimmune na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.
Yawancin bayanan da ke akwai sun nuna cewa ciwon ciwon hanta ya zama misali mai kyau na yadda sauye-sauyen microbiota homeostasis zai iya tasiri da tasiri akan ayyukan ilimin lissafi a waje da hanji, tare da abubuwan da ke faruwa a lafiyar mai gida a matakin tsarin.
Saboda haka, microbiota gut-hanta-kwakwalwa axis alama yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsarawa a cikin cututtuka na ƙananan cututtuka masu kumburi. Babban mahalarta sune gut microbiota, samfuran kwayoyin cuta (watau endotoxins, ammonia, ethanol, Short Chain Fatty acids) da hulɗar su tare da masu karɓa waɗanda zasu iya tayar da hankali ko hana hanyoyin sigina, shingen hanji da tsarin rigakafi na ciki wanda zai iya zama ko dai amfani ko lahani ga lafiyar mai gida.
Tsarin Immune Innate Innate
Mutuncin microbiome na hanji shine abin da ake buƙata don ingantaccen martani na rigakafi yana hana cuta. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙoƙari su mamaye ta cikin mucosa na hanji. Kariyar farko ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi na asali yana farawa ne ta hanyar mucosal membrane wanda sashin gastrointestinal shine mafi girma wanda ke nuna kasancewar nau'in lymphocytes na musamman (macrophages, sel dendritic, kwayoyin kisa na halitta) da samfurori na sirri (asirin IgA) wanda zai iya kula da tsayayyen yanayi a cikin gut.
Macrophages da neutrophils na iya haifar da gyare-gyaren nama da canzawa zuwa ga amsawar rigakafi don kunna ƙwayoyin B da T don haɓaka takamaiman amsawar antibody da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin B da T. Haɗin kai tsakanin sel Dendritic da sel Killer T da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga duka physiologically da amsawar rigakafi a cikin mucosa na hanji.
Corman et al. ya nuna cewa rikice-rikice na al'umma na gut-microbial tare da alamomi kamar gudawa da amai suna hade da Adenovirus kamuwa da cuta a cikin primates ba na mutum ba. Tsire-tsire masu daraja da ake buƙata don microbiome mai lafiya na hanji ya ragu yayin da nau'ikan da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar Neisseria ya ƙaru da yawa. Kodayake har yanzu wannan aikin yana ci gaba, cututtuka daban-daban suna da alaƙa da sauye-sauye da rushewar microbiome na hanji.
Saboda haka, cututtuka da ke shafar mucosa na hanji kamar IBD da za a iya haifar da su ta hanyar cin abinci da abubuwan muhalli suna da matukar damuwa, yanzu ana gano su a matakan karuwa da sauri a duniya. Ana buƙatar magani na tsawon rai tare da kwayoyi sau da yawa. Haka kuma, narkar da abinci da isassun kayan abinci ba su da kyau saboda rushewar narkewar abinci, yawan ciwon ciki, gudawa da amai.
Gurbacewa da Kumburi
Bayyanar ɗan adam ga gurɓataccen microplastics, nanoparticles da sauran abubuwa masu guba yana ƙaruwa da sauri. barasa yana rushe madaidaicin hanji-hanta-kwakwalwa a matakan haɗin kai da yawa ciki har da microbiome na gut, ƙusa da shingen epithelial. Bayyanar sinadarai da ke cikin gwaje-gwaje hadari ne ga lafiyar dan adam ma.
Kwanan nan, masu bincike sun gano microplastics a cikin jini, huhu da kuma najasa. Microplastics na iya lalata ƙwayoyin ɗan adam kuma su ketare shingen jini/kwakwalwa. Nanoparticles kamar yadda Titanium Dioxide zai iya haifarwa dysbiosis na ciki kuma nuna fassarar zuwa cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya ta hanyar ido zuwa hanyoyin kwakwalwa wanda zai iya haifar da neuroinflammation.
Graphene oxide-samfurin da aka samu wanda zai iya haifar da hadaddun sifofi tare da microplastics na iya rushe shingen hanji yana haɓaka ikon shiga cikin jiki, samar da biocorona, yadawa da tasiri tsarin ilimin halittar jiki wanda ke shafar amincin mucosa na hanji, kama wasu abubuwa masu guba da ake jigilar su ta hanyar jini da adana su a cikin kyallen takarda.
An gano wani bincike robobi irin wannan a cikin abin rufe fuska kamar a cikin huhun marasa lafiya. Masu bincike na kasar Sin sun gano 1,5 sau fiye da microplastics a cikin mutanen da ke da IBD. Ko microplastics na haifar da IBD ko ƙara cutar ba a bayyana ba tukuna. Akwai shaida cewa microplastics da additives su ne m obesogens.
An sake duba sabon takwarorinsu Labari ya nuna cewa amfani da abin rufe fuska yana da alaƙa da ƙimar mutuwa mafi girma, sigina mai ban tsoro wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ɓoyayyiyar cututtuka a cikin yara.
A Burtaniya, an ga babban karuwar kiba da kiba mai saurin kiba yayin bala'in. Yara daga iyalai marasa galihu sun ninka sau biyu. Masu tsara manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a suna buƙatar damuwa game da haɗarin rushewar tsarin rigakafi na faɗaɗa rashin daidaiton lafiya.
Gina Jiki da aka Mayar da hankali don Gyara Gida na Microbiome
Gaskiyar mai kula da lafiya da cuta shine tsarin rigakafi na asali. Tun farkon barkewar cutar masana kimiyya sun yi gargadin cewa kulle-kulle da matakan cutar na iya haifar da a tsarin rigakafi yana raguwa tare da haɗarin ƙarin cututtuka.
Fuskantar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da hauhawar farashin iskar gas da abinci na iya kara tsananta rugujewar gut-hanta-kwakwalwa tare da ƙarin cututtuka da ake tsammanin za su shafi ɗalibai da ma'aikata nan ba da jimawa ba. Babban damuwa shine rashin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya wanda ke haifar da dogon jerin jira don ganewar asali da jiyya.
Ingantacciyar tsarin rigakafi kawai yana iya hana cututtuka masu yaduwa da cututtuka na yau da kullun da ayyuka don rushe abubuwan waje da masu guba. Don hana matakai masu kumburi a cikin jiki bayyanar da abubuwa masu guba da microplastics ta matakan da ba su da karfi da aka tabbatar da su don hana cututtuka masu cututtuka ya kamata a dakatar da su har tsawon shekaru. Jagorar abinci mai gina jiki mai mahimmanci na bitamin D zai zama mataki na farko mai sauƙi kuma mai arha don dawo da tsarin rigakafi na asali da kuma gyara cututtuka masu kumburi kamar IBD, kwayar cuta hade hanta cututtuka da ciki.
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Carla Peeters ita ce ta kafa kuma darektan gudanarwa na COBALA Kyakkyawan Kulawa yana jin daɗi. Ita ce Shugaba na wucin gadi kuma mai ba da shawara kan dabarun don ƙarin lafiya da iya aiki a wurin aiki. Gudunmawarta ta mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi masu lafiya, jagora zuwa ingantacciyar kulawa da jiyya masu tsada waɗanda ke haɗa abinci mai gina jiki da salon rayuwa a cikin magani. Ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin rigakafi daga sashen likitanci na Utrecht, ta karanci Kimiyyar Halittu a Jami’ar Wageningen da Bincike, sannan ta yi kwas na tsawon shekaru hudu a fannin Ilimin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Halittu tare da kware a kan binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci da bincike. Ta bi shirye-shiryen zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin London, INSEAD da Makarantar Kasuwancin Nyenrode.
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