Kullewar Wuhan a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2020, wanda ya firgita gwamnatoci a duniya wajen yin kwafin martanin da China ta yi wa Covid, an ce ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba.
Koyaya, 'yan makonnin da suka gabata a tsibirin Samoa na Kudancin Pasifik, hukumomi sun yi amfani da wannan matakin mai tsauri don magance barkewar cutar kyanda.
Ya zuwa lokacin da babban abin da kasar Sin ta yi ya zama kanun labaran duniya a cikin watan Janairun 2020, labarin kulle-kullen Samoan ya kasance abin tunawa kuma an rasa muhimmancinsa. Kamar yadda zan yi bayani, shaida ita ce cewa wannan sabon tsarin mulki yana fitowa daga Amurka maimakon China.
A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2019, gwamnatin Samoa, wacce ta ayyana barkewar cutar kyanda a tsakiyar watan Oktoba. sanar A ranar 5 da 6 ga watan Disamba ne za a kulle kasar na kwanaki biyu a yayin da take kara kaimi wajen yi wa al'ummarta rigakafin cutar kyanda. An sanya dokar ta-baci, an ba da umarnin rufe kasuwanni, kuma an soke Kirsimeti. Iyalan da ba a yi musu allurar ba sun kasance umurce don gane kansu da jajayen tutoci a wajen gidajensu da kuma kiyaye hanya ta yadda kungiyoyin rigakafin kasa da kasa za su iya tafiya gida-gida da sauri.
Labarin baya ga barkewar cutar ta Samoan ya fara ne a cikin 2018. Jarirai biyu sun mutu a rana guda a cikin mintuna kaɗan bayan an ba su rigakafin MMR (ƙwanƙwasa, mumps da rubella), wanda ya haifar da raguwar bala'i a cikin amincin shirin rigakafin cutar kyanda. Ma'aikatan jinya biyu daga baya zargi saboda lalata alluran da ba ta dace ba tare da shakatawa na tsoka kuma an daure shi na tsawon shekaru biyar saboda sakaci na kisa.
Bayan wannan bala'in, gwamnatin Samoan ta dakatar da shirin rigakafin MMR na tsawon watanni goma. Adadin jariran da aka ba wa kashi na farko na rigakafin MMR ya ragu daga kashi 80 cikin 2017 a cikin 40 zuwa kashi 2018 a cikin 2013. A cikin 98.7, matakan rigakafin MMR ya kai kashi XNUMX cikin ɗari. Ba duka aka dawo don allurai na biyu ba.
Bayan an sake kunna shirin rigakafin MMR a lokacin rani na 2018, abin da aka yi ya ragu. Yunkurin kara yawan maganin ya fara ne da gaske a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2019 lokacin da asusun kula da yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Unicef ya aika da alluran rigakafin MR 100,000 ( kyanda da rubella) da alluran MMR 15,000 da Cibiyar Serum ta Indiya ta kera zuwa Samoa tare da allurai 30,000 na bitamin A.
Kimanin jarirai 5,000 ne ake haifa kowace shekara a Samoa, don haka girman jigilar kayayyaki ya nuna cewa an yanke shawarar gudanar da wani shirin rigakafin cutar don kama duk wanda ba a yi masa allurar ba.
Bayan makwanni biyu kacal, Samoa ta ayyana bullar cutar kyanda a lokacin da wani jariri dan shekara daya ya mutu mako guda bayan an kwantar da shi a asibiti tare da zargin kamuwa da cutar kyanda. Samfurori daga wasu yara 38 da ake zargi da cutar kyanda, dukkansu daga tsibirin Upolu da ke kudu, an aika zuwa Melbourne domin yin gwaji.
Washegarin da yaron ya mutu, Dr Helen Petousis-Harris, wata kwararriyar alurar riga kafi da ke zaune a New Zealand kuma shugabar Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Duniya ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya kan Tsaron Alurar ta shaida wa. Fiji Times: 'Kinda ita ce cuta mafi saurin yaduwa ga mutum. Don haka, mu dauka a cikin al’umma ne, hanyar da za a iya magance ta ita ce a kara rigakafi a tsakanin jama’a kuma ta hanyar rigakafin, cikin sauri.
Ya zuwa ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, wasu yara 700 sun kamu da cutar kyanda. Gwamnatin Samoan ta ayyana dokar ta-baci, rufe makarantu, hana duk wanda bai kai shekara 18 halartar taron jama'a da kuma sanya allurar riga-kafi ga manya ba. Bayan mako guda, lokacin da ya kasance rahoton 1,797 masu cutar kyanda da mutuwar 22, Samoa ta daina yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar don tabbatar da kamuwa da cuta.
A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, Ministan Harkokin Wajen New Zealand Winston Peters ya ce suna samun 'dukkan abubuwan da suka dace na ɗan adam da na likitanci a shirye don shirin rigakafin dole da za su fara aiki a Samoa' don taimakawa 'a gwargwadon iko.'
Wannan ya ɗauki nau'in allurai 3,000 na alluran rigakafi, ma'aikatan aikin jinya 30 da likitoci goma. Alurar rigakafin da New Zealand ke amfani da ita shine Priorix, wanda GlaxoSmithKline ya samar. Gabaɗaya, ƙungiyoyin gaggawa 18 daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun isa Samoa don ba da agajin jinya.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar allurar rigakafin kyanda. Ya ce haɗarin rikice-rikice daga kamuwa da cuta ya ninka sau 1,000 fiye da haɗarin abubuwan da ba su dace ba daga allurar. Wannan ƙididdiga ce ta hannun hannu, saboda lissafin haɗarin da ake amfani da shi don kamuwa da cutar kyanda 'kamar yadda aka auna a cikin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu.' Wani bayanin ƙasa ya ce: 'Haɗarin da ke cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa gabaɗaya ya fi girma, amma ba a fayyace shi sosai ba.' Hukumar ta WHO ta kuma yi kiyasin cewa kimanin kashi biyar cikin dari na yaran da aka ba wa allurar rigakafin cutar kyanda suna fama da zazzabi sannan kashi biyu cikin dari suna kamuwa da kurji, yawanci kwanaki biyar zuwa 12 bayan allurar.
A kasashe irin su Samoa, inda ake yawan samun rashin abinci mai gina jiki, matakan bitamin A na yara yawanci ba su da kyau, idan ba rashi ba. Ka'idar WHO ita ce ana ba da bitamin A, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsarin rigakafi, tare da rigakafin cutar kyanda don haɓaka martanin rigakafin cutar. Ana kuma ba da manyan allurai na bitamin A don magance kamuwa da cutar kyanda, tunda rashi yana ƙaruwa da mace-mace da tsanani.
Tsakanin Oktoba zuwa karshen Disamba 2019, 5,707 daga cikin 200,000 na Samoa an ba da rahoton sun kamu da cutar kyanda. Tamanin da uku sun mutu, 76 kasa da shekaru biyar.
Daga lokacin da aka ayyana barkewar cutar, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shiga cikin yanayin farfagandar rikici. Mai kula da mazauninta a Samoa, Simona Marinescu, ya ce: 'Ina tsammanin dukanmu mun koyi darasi mai raɗaɗi a nan. Muna magana ne game da wata al'ummar da a zahiri ba ta da allurar rigakafi na wasu adadin watanni kuma hakan ya faru a kan wani labari mai ban tausayi da ya faru a bara tare da jariran biyu da aka kashe a lokacin yin rigakafin yau da kullun.'
Mutuwar ta ci gaba da karuwa. Ya zuwa ranar 2 ga Disamba, an sami rahoton mutuwar cutar kyanda 62, 54 daga cikinsu 'yan kasa da shekaru hudu, gwamnatin Samoa sanar rufe kwanaki biyu da ba a taba ganin irin sa ba a fadin kasar a ranakun 5 da 6 ga watan Disamba domin kammala yakin allurar.
An sanya kasar a cikin dokar hana fita kuma an ba da umarnin rufe kasuwanni. Iyalan da ba a yi musu allurar ba sun kasance umurce su bayyana kansu da jajayen tutoci a wajen gidajensu da kuma kiyaye hanya ta yadda masu yin rigakafin kasa da kasa su rika bi gida-gida cikin sauri.
Ya zuwa karshen kulle-kullen, kashi 90 cikin 3 na mutanen da aka yi niyya an yi musu allurar, sai kuma karin kashi 12 a ranar 134,499 ga Disamba. A kididdigar karshe, an yiwa mutane XNUMX allurar rigakafin. Ganin matakan da suka gabata na rigakafin MMR, da yawa suna karɓar masu ƙarfafawa, ba allurai na farko ba.
Firayim Ministan Samoan, Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, ya zargi masu adawa da allurar rigakafin cutar, yana mai cewa: 'Muna da masu rigakafin rigakafi da yawa kuma ba shakka yawancin mutanenmu har yanzu suna amfani da masu ba da maganin gargajiya.'
Gwamnati ta aike da sako game da muhimmancin aniyar ta na yin allurar ta hanyar kamawa wani mutum mai suna Edwin Tamasese, wanda ya yi magana a bainar jama'a. Maganin cutar kyanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rauni (wanda aka rage) kuma ya yi imanin cewa allurar da ba a kula da su ba ne ke haifar da barkewar cutar.
Mutane da yawa sun kamu da rashin lafiya kwanaki biyar zuwa shida bayan allurar, a lokacin da ta dace ta mako biyu lokacin da aka ɗauke su ba a yi musu allurar ba don dalilai na ƙididdiga.
Cutar kyanda cuta ce mai tsanani a cikin manya fiye da yara saboda bambance-bambancen balagagge a cikin tsarin rigakafi wanda ke baiwa yara damar haɓaka martanin rigakafi masu inganci. Matsala a cikin al'ummomin da allurar rigakafin cutar kyanda ke hana kyanda ita ce kariya ta rigakafin a ƙarshe ta ƙare, ta haifar da sabbin manya masu rauni.
Tamasese, wadda ta kasance tana bayar da bitamin A da kuma bitamin C ga iyalai masu yara marasa lafiya da aka aika gida daga asibiti, an tuhume su da tunzura gwamnati bisa zarginsa da yada wani sako a Facebook yana mai cewa: ‘Zan zo ne in shafe ku. Ka ji daɗin kisan da kake yi.' Al'amarin ya kasance an sallami bayan shekara guda saboda rashin shaida.
Tunanin karuwar matakan mayar da martani bai fito daga Samoa ba. Tana bin jagorancin 'yan uwanta ne a Samoa na Amurka, yanki mai makwabtaka da tsibirai bakwai da Amurka ta hade a matsayin yankin da ba a hade ba a cikin 1900.
Samoa na Amurka, mai yawan jama'a 55,000 kuma mai yawan allurar rigakafin cutar kyanda da kashi 99.7, ta ayyana dokar ta-baci a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba bayan wasu 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar, da suka kai ziyara daga Samoa, sun kamu da cutar kyanda. Musamman ma, ta rufe makarantu, ta haramta taron jama'a, da kuma haramtawa tare da gabatar da matakan sarrafa kan iyaka da ke buƙatar shaidar rigakafin.
A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2019, an tsawaita wannan dokar ta-baci kuma an ba wa manya 14,128 allurar rigakafin cutar kyanda a wani gangamin rigakafin da aka yi a karkashin jagorancin Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). A cikin Gaggawar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, CDC tana aiki ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Sakataren Shirye-shirye da Amsa (ASPR). A cikin Disamba 2019, ASPR shine Dr Robert Kadlec, shaho na kare lafiyar halittu wanda shine Daraktan Tsaron Cikin Gida na farko na manufofin kare lafiyar halittu a karkashin Shugaba GW Bush.
Wata sanarwar da ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke Samoa ya fitar a ranar da ta ba da sanarwar dakatarwar ya nuna cewa gwamnatin Samoan ma tana karbar shawara daga CDC. Ambasada Scott Brown ya ce, 'Shawarar da aka ba wa iyalan Samoan daga kwararru daga CDC sun yi daidai da shawarar hukuma daga gwamnatin Samoan: Mafi kyawun abin da za ku iya yi don kare kanku da al'ummar ku shi ne tabbatar da cewa ku da duk masoyanku sun yi allurar.'
'Kuna iya ceton rayuka a yau. Idan kuna da mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba a cikin gidanku, da fatan za ku ɗaure wani jan kyalle a waje domin likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya su sami sauƙin gane gidajen da ke buƙatar taimako mafi yawa.'
The Washington Post ya ruwaito cewa daya daga cikin jami'an CDC guda biyu da aka aika zuwa Samoa kwararre ne wanda zai mayar da hankali kan 'yaki da rashin fahimta game da cutar kyanda da sauran cututtukan da za a iya rigakafin rigakafi, don amsa buƙatun Unicef.' Robert Linkins, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin jami'in rigakafi na duniya a CDC, ya ce jami'an kiwon lafiya na Samoan suna bukatar 'don sadarwa cewa cutar tana da haɗari kuma maganin yana da kyau.'
Bayan sanarwar kulle-kullen, USAID, hukumar ci gaban kasa da kasa ta Amurka, ta sanar da cewa tana tura dalar Amurka 200,000 na Samoans don agajin bala'i, wanda watakila ya karfafawa gwamnatin da ta damu da lalacewar tattalin arzikinta. Kwanaki bayan haka, Bankin Duniya ya sanar da cewa yana bayar da tallafin dala miliyan 3.5 da kuma karin dala miliyan 9.3 don karfafa tsarin kula da lafiya na Samoa.
Asusun Ba da Agajin Gaggawa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (CERF) ya shiga cikin shirin ne da karin dala miliyan 2.7, wasu daga cikinsu an ware su ne domin karfafa tsarin sa ido kan allurar rigakafin cutar Samoa ta hanyar tantance bayanan sa. A karkashin sabon tsarin mulki, lokacin da fashewa ta gaba ta faru, babu wanda zai buƙaci rataya jajayen tutoci. Ƙungiyoyin rigakafin za su san a danna linzamin kwamfuta inda mutane ke zaune da abin da za a yi musu allura.
Idan kuna sha'awar kasancewa cikin yanayin shakku, gaskiyar cewa kullewar Samoan ta kasance faruwa kamar yadda NIAID da Moderna ke shirin aika samfurin hadin gwiwa na rigakafin cutar coronavirus ga Dr Ralph Baric a Jami'ar North Carolina Chapel Hill na iya kai ku ga zargin gwajin gwaji ne. Idan lokacin bai wuce kwatsam ba, tabbas zai ba da darussa masu amfani yayin da Coalition for Epidemie Predencerence (CEPI) suka fara fafutuka don kulle-kullen Covid a tashin Wuhan.
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Paula Jardine marubuciya/mai bincike ce wacce ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin shari'a a ULaw. Tana da digiri na tarihi daga Jami'ar Toronto da kuma digiri na aikin jarida daga Jami'ar King's College a Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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