Ga Mattias Desmet, cutar ta barke a cikin 2020 ta fi yanayin tunani fiye da gaskiyar abin duniya. Ee, akwai wata sabuwar cuta mai yaduwa. Ee, muna bukatar mu ɗauka da gaske. Ee, ya ba da garantin wani aiki na gamayya. Amma yadda mutane suke hali? Wannan shine ainihin kwayar cutar. "Daga Mayu 2020 zuwa gaba, na ji cewa ainihin ba shine matsalar ilimin halitta ba," in ji shi. "Matsalar tunani ce."
[Wannan banda daga Makafi shine 2020, Cibiyar Brownstone ta buga.]
Wani farfesa a fannin ilimin halin ɗabi'a a jami'ar Ghent a Belgium, Desmet ya kasa girgiza ma'anar cewa damuwa na yaduwa a duniya, yana sa mutane su kasance da halaye masu ban mamaki: tare da zato, ƙiyayya, tsarkakewa, da hankali kaɗan.
Carl Jung, ɗaya daga cikin tasirin Desmet, da alama zai yarda da kima na almajirinsa. A cikin kiyasin Jung, “ba yunwa ba ce, ba girgizar ƙasa ba, ba ƙwayoyin cuta ba, ba cutar kansa ba, amma mutum da kansa shi ne babban haɗari ga ɗan adam, saboda dalili mai sauƙi cewa babu cikakkiyar kariya daga cututtukan hauka, waɗanda ke da lahani marasa iyaka fiye da duniyar bala’o’in halitta.”
Yanzu riƙe, kuna iya cewa. Coronavirus wani yanki ne mai banƙyama wanda ke buƙatar amsawar gama gari. Jama'a da gwamnatoci sun yi aiki da hankali, a cikin yanayi. Amma Desmet bai ga wani abu mai ma'ana ba game da wani mai siyayya a cikin kantin kayan miya yana kururuwa ga wani mai siyayya saboda cire abin rufe fuska don tabo fuskarta. Ko kiran layin snitch bayan ganin wani yana shan kofi a bakin teku. Ko hana iyaye da ke mutuwa taba ɗan adam.
A zahiri, Desmet yana cewa: “Wannan kwayar cuta wani aiki ne mara kyau da kuma duniya ta yi hauka." Shi da sauran mutane masu mahimmancin kulle-kulle suna ci gaba da komawa zuwa wannan batu: barazana ta gaske da amsa rashin daidaituwa ba za su iya kasancewa tare ba.
Horon Desmet biyu akan ilimin halin dan adam da kididdiga ya ba shi wani kusurwa na musamman kan cutar. Masanin kididdigar da ke cikinsa ya fara ganin tutoci a watan Mayu 2020, lokacin da sabbin bayanai daga binciken yawan jama'a suka nuna cewa hasashen farko ya wuce kima da cutar. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙungiyoyin duniya kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun fara yin ƙararrawa game da illolin kulle-kulle a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, inda dakatar da ayyukan tattalin arziƙin na iya haifar da miliyoyin mutane ga yunwa da asarar rayuka. Maimakon daidaita dabarun zuwa sabon bayanin, gwamnatoci da mutane sun ninka sau biyu: zauna a gida, ku rabu. Kar ka zama mai son kai. Ƙarin kulle-kulle, don Allah.
A wannan lokacin, Desmet "ya canza daga mahangar ilimin kididdiga zuwa [na] na masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam… Na fara ƙoƙarin fahimtar menene hanyoyin tunani ke gudana a cikin al'umma." Tambayar tana da zafi a zuciyarsa: Me yasa duniya ta manne da labarin da bai dace da gaskiya ba? Lokacinsa na Eureka ya zo a watan Agusta 2020: "Wannan wani tsari ne na babban taro." Bayan ya yi lacca game da al'amarin tsawon shekaru, ya yi "mamaki ya ɗauki ni dogon lokaci" don haɗa ɗigon.
A cikin hira bayan hira, Desmet yayi magana game da bayyana yadda ake samun taro ga duniya. (Wani wuri a kan hanya, masu sauraronsa sun yi la'akari da "psychosis" ga kalmar, amma Desmet da kansa ya manne da ainihin kalmar.) Bayan hirar sa na Satumba 2021 tare da podcaster na Burtaniya Dan Astin-Gregory, wanda ya sami ra'ayi sama da miliyan da hannun jari dubu goma, sauran masu tasiri kan layi sun fara yada kalmar. Sannan wani lokaci mafi girma ya isa: a ranar ƙarshe ta 2021, likitan Ba'amurke da masanin alurar riga kafi Robert Malone ya kawo haɓakar taro akan nunin Experience na Joe Rogan. Ba zato ba tsammani dukan duniya suna magana game da Desmet da hasashe.
To, menene ainihin shi, duk da haka? Desmet yayi bayanin samuwar taro azaman fitowar, a cikin al'umma, taro ko taron jama'a waɗanda ke shafar mutane ta wasu hanyoyi. "Lokacin da mutum ya kasance a cikin riko na samuwar jama'a, ya zama makafi ga duk wani abu da ya saba wa labaran da kungiyar ta yi imani da su," in ji shi. Idan yanayin hypnotic ya ci gaba, za su "yi ƙoƙarin halaka duk wanda ba ya tafiya tare da su, kuma yawanci suna yin hakan kamar dai aikin ɗa'a ne."
A cewar Desmet, dole ne wasu yanayi guda hudu su kasance don samar da tarin jama'a: rashin haɗin kai na zamantakewa (abin da masanin kimiyyar siyasa Hannah Arendt ya kira "zamantakewar zamantakewa"), rashin ma'ana a cikin rayuwar mutane da yawa, babban matakin damuwa na "free- iyo" damuwa a cikin al'umma (ma'ana damuwa ba tare da wani abu na musamman ba, sabanin damuwa da kuke ji lokacin da damisa ke tafiya tare da halin ku).
A matsayinsa na masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, Desmet ya kasance mai dacewa da yanayin zamantakewar al'umma da ke gaban bala'in, kamar yadda aka tabbatar ta hanyar "yawan karuwar yawan bakin ciki da matsalolin damuwa da yawan masu kisan kai" da "babban girma a cikin rashin zuwa saboda wahala na tunani da ƙonawa." A cikin shekara kafin Covid, "za ku iya jin wannan rashin lafiyar yana girma sosai."
Ƙarshen abin da ke haifar da ƙirƙira taro shine labari-madaidaicin nau'in tatsuniyoyi, tare da jarumai da mugaye. A cikin littafinsa na 2021 Ra'ayin Jama'a, tarihin tattalin arziki da na addini a cikin ƙarni biyar da suka gabata, William Bernstein ya lura yadda "labari mai ban sha'awa zai iya zama mai yaduwa da sauri ta hanyar yawan jama'a" daidai da kwayar cuta. Yayin da labarin ke yaɗuwa daga mutum zuwa mutum, daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, yana karkata zuwa “mummunan yanayi wanda ba mu da birki na gaggawa na nazari.” Ko ta yaya ɓatar da labarin, “idan ya zama mai tursasawa kusan koyaushe zai faɗi gaskiya” saboda kwakwalwar ɗan adam ba za ta iya tsayayya da yarn mai kyau ba. Kamar yadda Bernstein ya ce, "mu ne birai masu ba da labari."
Labarin Covid ya cika dukkan ka'idoji don haifar da yawaitar jama'a: annoba mai kisa, "maƙiyi ga bil'adama" (don aron wurin babban darektan WHO Tedros Ghebreyesus), kira don haɗa ƙarfi da yaƙi. Dama ga jarumtaka. Abubuwan da suka faru na annoba na zamanin farko, suna gaya wa jama'a ra'ayi cewa a ƙarshe za su iya da'awar matsayin gwarzo ta hanyar cin guntun dankalin turawa da ware kan kujera, sun shiga cikin wannan ma'ana.
Labarin ya kuma ba wa mutane hankali don damuwarsu, wanda yanzu za su iya aiwatar da maƙiyi na zahiri (idan ba a ganuwa). Ba zato ba tsammani sun shiga cikin sojojin duniya, sun fuskanci abin da Desmet ya kira "buguwar tunani na haɗin kai." Manufa, ma'ana, haɗin kai na zamantakewa, yanzu akwai ga kowane mummunan abun ciki. Masana kimiyyar da suka kawo labarin ga jama'a, su kuma, an ba su "lada da gagarumin ƙarfin zamantakewa." Ba abin mamaki ba ne labarin ya kama masana da ƴan ƙasa sosai. Amma a nan ga rub da ciki: haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa da aka haɓaka ta hanyar samar da taro ba ya faruwa tsakanin daidaikun mutane, amma tsakanin kowane mutum da gama gari. "Wannan yana da mahimmanci," in ji Desmet. "Kowane mutum yana haɗuwa daban da gama gari."
Wannan ya kai mu ga manufar parochial altruism, a hankali bincike a cikin wata makala by Lucio Saverio Eastman. An ayyana shi a matsayin "hadaya ta mutum ɗaya don cin gajiyar ƙungiya da cutar da ƙungiyar," irin wannan nau'in sadaukarwa yana lalata haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi kuma yana haifar da biyayya (maimakon tunani) biyayya - da wuya abubuwan sinadaran don kulawa da gaske ga duniya game da cutar. Maimakon su mallaki tunaninsu da yanke shawara, mutanen da ke cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran altruism suna yin tsinkaya na zahiri, wanda Eastman ya bayyana a matsayin "taɓar da alhakin kowane mutum ga ƙungiyar gama gari ko ƙungiya."
Wannan tunanin ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa, duk da duk maganganun haɗin kai a farkon makonnin rikicin, mutane za su yi nisa daga yawon buɗe ido maras rufe fuska suna neman kwatance. Idan wani ya faɗo a kan titi, wasu masu tafiya a ƙasa sun ƙi karya shingen ƙafa shida don ba da taimako. Suna barin iyayensu su mutu su kaɗai “don kāre tsofaffi.”
Lokacin da mutane suka haɗu tare da abstraction ("mafi kyawun kyau"), maimakon tare da sauran mutane, Desmet ya ce sun rasa halayensu na ɗabi'a. Shi ya sa yawan jama'a ke lalata bil'adama, yana kai su ga "ba da rahoton [wasu] ga gwamnati, har ma da mutanen da suke ƙauna a da, saboda haɗin kai da gama gari.
Ah eh, tatsuniya. Ya zuwa Afrilu 2020, "waɗanda ke nisantar da jama'a" a Kanada sun riga sun toshe layukan gaggawa 911 tare da ɗaruruwan kira, gami da korafe-korafe 300 da suka shafi mutane a wuraren shakatawa a rana guda.10 Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da satar mutane, hudu a cikin 10 na Kanada sun ce sun yi niyyar ba da rahoton duk wanda ya saba wa ka'idojin Covid. Bayan wata kyakkyawar ranar bazara ta fitar da wasu masu karya dokar Montreal daga ɓoye, 'yan sanda na yankin sun kafa shafin yanar gizon COVID-19 don yin ɓarna da sauƙi.
Gabaɗaya ana yin izgili da halayen ƙananan ma'aikata tare da ƙarancin hukuma a rayuwarsu, ɓarna ya zama alamar zama ɗan ƙasa nagari a farkon makonnin cutar. Kamar yadda masanin ilimin ɗan adam Geneviève Beaulieu-Pelletier ya lura, snitching “yana ba mutane ra’ayi cewa sun fi sanin halin da suke ciki. Hanya ce ta kame tsoronmu.”
Wasu na iya jayayya cewa zage-zage yana ba da wata manufa ta musamman ta zamantakewa a cikin annoba, amma ƙarfafa mutane su juya juna da wuya yana haɓaka haɗin kai. Akasin haka, yana raunana alakar zamantakewar da Desmet ke kallo a matsayin mahimmanci ga bil'adama. Kuma da zarar an ba da ƙwarin gwiwa, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa yakan yi gudu da kanta. Mutane ba wai kawai suna ba da rahoton maƙwabtansu don yin busasshen ranar haihuwa ba, amma don raba kofi tare da aboki a kan benci na wurin shakatawa ko ma don tafiya tare da rairayin bakin teku. A wannan lokacin, snitches ba su da kwarin gwiwa ta kyakkyawar zama ɗan ƙasa, amma ta hanyar tsirara don sarrafawa, wanda Desmet ke kallonsa a matsayin duka direba da sakamakon samuwar jama'a. Ƙarƙashin sihiri na samuwar taro, mutane suna neman daidaito, kuma ƙusa da ke fitowa ya shiga ciki.
A cewar Desmet, samuwar jama'a da ba a kula ba na iya shiga cikin sauƙi cikin mulkin kama-karya, ra'ayin da ya bincika a cikin littafinsa na 2022. Psychology na Totalitarianism. Makonni kadan bayan buga shi, littafin ya zama mai siyar da Amazon #1 mafi kyawun siyayya a cikin nau'in sirri & sa ido. (Lura ga marubutan littattafai da ke neman samun riba: shiga wasan kwaikwayon Joe Rogan.) Kamar yadda Desmet ya bayyana a cikin littafin, kowane tsarin mulkin kama-da-wane yana farawa ne da lokacin samuwar taro. A cikin wannan tashin hankali da tashin hankali taro gwamnati mai cin gashin kanta da kuma voilà, da totalitarian jihar danna cikin wuri. “Gwamnatin mulkin kama-karya yawanci suna komawa kan jawabin ‘kimiyya’,” in ji shi. Masu ginin sabon tsarin mulki ba sa zagayawa suna cewa, “Ni mugu ne.” Sau da yawa sukan yi imani, har zuwa ƙarshe, suna yin abin da ya dace.
Wasu mutane suna yin tsalle da gaske bisa shawarar cewa ka'idojin Covid suna da kama da tsarin mulkin kama-karya. A cikin tsaron Desmet, bai taba zargin cewa mun sauka a can ba. Ya kawai ci gaba da cewa Covid ya haifar da ingantattun yanayi don kama-karya don shiga ciki: jama'a da suka firgita, kukan aikin gwamnati mai karfi, da kuma sha'awar siyasa ta duniya don ci gaba da mulki lokacin da aka ba da ragamar mulki. Wata kungiya ta Turai mai kasashe 34 da ake kira IDEA ta yarda cewa dimokiradiyya ta sami nasara tun daga Covid, "tare da kasashe musamman suna daukar matakan da ba su dace da dimokradiyya ba don dakile barkewar cutar sankara."
An yi sa'a, a cikin shekara ta uku na annobar cutar, sojojin da suka yi nasara sun fara kawar da yawancin duniya daga tsattsauran ra'ayi na Covid. Duk da haka, Desmet ya ba da shawarar mu kasance a faɗake. Wani sabon bambance-bambance zai iya mayar da mu kai tsaye inda muka fara: tsoro, fushi, rasa ga yin magana mai ma'ana, da kuma roƙon a sake kulle mu.
Sama da mutane miliyan 40 ne suka saurari hirar da Joe Rogan ya yi da Robert Malone, inda suka mai da samuwar jama'a zuwa kalmar gida. Komawar kafofin watsa labarai ta kasance cikin sauri kuma ba ta da tausayi-kuma idan zan iya, edita mara nauyi. Sharhi in Yada Labarai A Yau, wanda aka rubuta kwanaki 12 bayan tattaunawar, yana misalta ƙaramin mashaya: “Malone ya bayyana cewa haɓaka saƙonnin da ke ƙarfafa mutane su yi allurar rigakafin COVID-19, a tsakanin sauran ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa na kimiyya, wani yunƙuri ne na sanya ƙungiyoyin mutane su bi waɗannan saƙonnin ba tare da son ransu ba.”
Binciken gaskiya mai sauƙi zai iya huda wannan bayanin. Dan majalisar dokokin jihar Texas Troy Nehls ya ga ya dace ya adana cikakken kwafin hirar a gidan yanar gizonsa, kuma duk abin da Malone ya gaya wa Rogan game da samuwar taro ya bayyana a shafi na. 38. Misali: "Lokacin da kuke da al'ummar da ta rabu da juna kuma tana da damuwa mai ban sha'awa ... sannan hankalinsu ya mayar da hankali ga jagora ko jerin abubuwan da suka faru a kan wani karamin batu, kamar yadda ake kira hypnosis, a zahiri sun zama hypnotized kuma ana iya jagorantar su a ko'ina ... Wannan shi ne tsakiyar ci gaba da samuwar psychosis kuma wannan shine abin da ya faru." Wasu jimloli kaɗan, da gaske sun fi iri ɗaya, kuma ya yi. Tun da farko a cikin hirar ya yi magana game da rashin bayyana gaskiya game da bayanan rigakafin, amma ba sau ɗaya ba ya danganta yaƙin neman zaɓe da haɓaka jama'a ko ƙungiyar hypnosis. Na karanta dukan kwafin-sau biyu-kawai don tabbatarwa.
Sauran masanan sun jefa inuwa a kan manufar samuwar taro kanta, suna kiranta a kimiyance mara kyau da rashin tabbas. A Binciken Gaskiyar Gaskiya na Reuters labarin ya ruwaito cewa kalmar ba ta bayyana a cikin ƙamus na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru sun ce.
Zagi ne na rashin gaskiya. Lokacin da kuka gangara zuwa gare ta, ƙirƙira taro wani lokaci ne don kyakkyawar tsohuwar ilimin halin ɗan adam. Wataƙila ba mu da kayan aikin da za mu auna shi, amma mun fahimci lamarin shekaru aru-aru. Masana irin su Freud, Jung, da Gustave Le Bon duk sun bayyana shi. Duka Ra'ayin Jama'a kuma ta 19th-karni ilhama, Abubuwan Tunawa da Shahararrun Haushi da Hauka na Jama'a, tattauna shi. A cikin littafinsa Jama'a da Karfi, An rubuta a 1960, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel Elias Canetti ya yi jayayya cewa tsoro yana sa mutane su shiga cikin hali. Tsoron kwayar cutar ya yi haka ne, wanda hakan ya sa mutane su ware ainihin mutuntakarsu da hankali.
Ka tuna mahaifiyar da ta saka ɗanta ɗan shekara 13 a jikin motarta? Yaron ya gwada ingancin kwayar cutar kuma tana kai shi don ƙarin gwaji. Don kare kanta daga fallasa, ta sa shi kwance a cikin akwati yayin da ta tuka shi zuwa wurin gwaji. "Abin da ta yi ya saba wa kowane ilhami na uwa da muke da shi," in ji podcaster Trish Wood a wata hira bayan Rogan da Desmet. "Don uwa ta sanya tsoronta… sama da kulawa da jin daɗin ɗan yaro… Ina nufin, da gaske?"
Ko yaya game da wannan? Ma’aikatan jinya ba za su bar wani mutum dan shekara 19 da ke da alamun sankarau ya shiga asibiti ba har sai ya gwada rashin lafiyar Covid. Ma'aikatan sun kasance "saboda hankali sosai ga labarin Covid," don amfani da furucin Wood, wanda ya sa suka yi watsi da alamunsa masu ban tsoro. Lokacin da iyayensa suka kai shi ER a karo na biyu, yana da rauni sosai don haka suka dauke shi zuwa mota. Ma’aikatan asibitin sun ki ba shi damar shiga, kuma matashin ya mutu.19
Mutane na iya karanta labarai kamar haka kuma ba shin wai 'yan banga sun kasance a karkashin sihiri?
Lokacin da ake jin daɗin samuwar jama'a, mutane sun zama "masu rashin haƙuri ga muryoyin da ba su dace ba," in ji Desmet a lokuta daban-daban. Lallai ba sa maraba da shawarar cewa jama'a sun mamaye su, kuma ƙarfin adadinsu ya ba su damar fitar da ra'ayin daga hayyacinsu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Desmet ya ƙarfafa waɗanda suka yi magana game da babban labari - kimanin kashi 10 zuwa 30 na yawan jama'a, bisa ga kiyasinsa - su yi magana. "Idan babu wata murya mai banƙyama a cikin al'umma, to, tsarin samar da taro yana ƙara zurfi."
Yana ɗaukar maimaitawa: Desmet bai taɓa musanta gaskiyar kwayar cutar ba ko kuma barazanar da take yi ga lafiyar jama'a. Kuma ba ya jingina mugun nufi ga mutanen da suka amsa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Kawai yana ganin sojojin ilimin halin dan adam a wurin aiki. Babu wani abin mamaki a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan: Lokacin da kuka haɗu da ƙwayar cuta tare da duniyar mutane masu firgita, ta yaya za a yi cuɗanya da ilimin halin ɗan adam ba shiga?
A haƙiƙa, wasu malamai da dama sun zagaya akan hasashen samuwar Desmet, ta amfani da wasu kalmomi daban-daban. A cikin labarin jarida na 2021, wasu masana ilimi guda uku sun kammala da cewa "ƙila haɗakarwa ta haɗa kai ta ba da gudummawa ga kurakuran manufofin yayin bala'in COVID-19." A cikin al'ummar ilimin halayyar dan adam, Desmet ya sami babban abokin tarayya a Mark McDonald, yaro da matashin likitan hauka wanda ke zaune a Los Angeles. MacDonald ya bibiyi ɓacin rai na matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da ke addabar majinyata a cikin bayan-Covid-danniya, damuwa, damuwa, jaraba, da tashin hankalin gida-zuwa yanayin tsoro da hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a suka mamaye da kafofin watsa labarai ke haɓakawa. Kamar Desmet, ya yi iƙirarin cewa mutane sun daina yin tunani da hankali lokacin da Covid ya zo, kuma "ɗaukakin ruɗi" wanda ya kama duniya ya yi illa fiye da kwayar cutar kanta.
Duk abin da muka kira al'amarin-samuwar jama'a, ilimin halin ɗan adam, rikice-rikicen zamantakewa -Desmet ya ce za mu iya kashe shi ta hanyar zana ka'idodin ɗan adam na har abada. Kamar Jung, ya gayyace mu mu kai ga sama da ra’ayin duniya kawai na hankali da fasaha—don haɓaka “sanin gaske” wanda ke tada tausayi da alaƙa tsakanin mutane.
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Gabrielle Bauer marubuciya ce ta kiwon lafiya da likita ta Toronto wacce ta sami lambobin yabo na kasa guda shida don aikin jarida. Ta rubuta litattafai guda uku: Tokyo, My Everest, wanda ya ci kyautar Littafin Kanada-Japan, Waltzing The Tango, wanda ya zo na karshe a lambar yabo ta Edna Staebler, kuma mafi kwanan nan, littafin annoba BLINDSIGHT IS 2020, wanda Cibiyar Brownstone ta buga a 2023.
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