Jaridar Stat News ta fuskanci koma-baya a fannin ɗabi'a da kimiyya makonni biyu da suka gabata lokacin da suka buga wani kasida da Stephen B. Soumerai, farfesa a fannin likitancin jama'a a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard, da Christine Y. Lu, farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Sydney ta Jami'ar Sydney suka rubuta.1
Ban cika ganin labaran karya da yawa a cikin kalmomi kaɗan ba, 1,220 kawai. Ina sake buga labarin gaba ɗaya, da rubutun da aka yi da tambari, da sharhina.
Ban ɗauki Stat News a matsayin tushen labarai masu inganci ba. Yana da alaƙa da kamfanoni, kuma duk da sunansa, ba shi da alaƙa da ƙididdiga, wanda na yi tunani tsawon shekaru goma har sai da na duba shi. Stat a takaice ne ga Statim, wanda ke nufin nan take a Latin.
Farfesoshin biyu sun manta cewa farfesoshi suna da alhakin al'umma na su kasance masu isar da kimiyya ga gaskiya. Labarinsu farfaganda ce mafi muni, wadda ta riga ta bayyana a cikin taken da taken taken:
Yaƙin RFK Jr. kan magungunan rage radadi na zuwa - kuma zai jawo asarar rayuka. Kalaman Kennedy ba wai kawai sun dogara ne akan mummunan kimiyya ba, har ma suna ƙara rura wutar rashin yarda da magungunan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa.
Abu ne mai sauƙi kuma ba a yarda da shi ba ga masana kimiyya su ɗaga muryarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalaman yaƙi, amma sun ci gaba da wannan a cikin jimla ta farko ta labarin:
Duk da cewa yaƙin da yake yi kan allurar rigakafi na iya jawo hankali sosai, sakataren lafiya Robert F. Kennedy Jr. yana zuwa neman wata muhimmiyar hanyar magani: maganin rage radadi. A watan Nuwamba, ya an buga akan X cewa CDC "a ƙarshe tana fuskantar tambayar da aka daɗe ana yi game da ko magungunan SSRIs da sauran magungunan psychoactive suna taimakawa wajen haifar da tashin hankali." Muna jin tsoron cewa a shekarar 2026, zai iya mayar da maganganunsa zuwa aiki.
Kennedy bai fara yaƙi kan alluran rigakafi ba.2-6 A matsayinsa na sakataren lafiya, ya ɗauki matakai masu ma'ana, waɗanda ake buƙata sosai, kuma waɗanda suka dogara da shaidu. Ya kori Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Rigakafi (ACIP) a Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafi (CDC) saboda ya dakatar da duk shawarwarin da suka zo musu, kuma saboda wasu membobi suna da rikice-rikicen sha'awa dangane da masu kera allurar rigakafi da sauran kamfanonin magunguna; ya yi watsi da shawarwarin da suka yi yawa game da allurar rigakafin Covid; ya rage kuɗaɗen allurar rigakafin mRNA; ya daina ba da shawarar allurar rigakafin hepatitis B ga duk jarirai; kuma ya rage babban jadawalin allurar rigakafin yara wanda ya sa Amurka ta zama ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da Turai.
Bugu da ƙari, an tabbatar da cewa SSRIs da sauran magungunan psychoactive na iya haifar da tashin hankali.7-11 Ga masu fama da cututtukan antidepressants, tashin hankalin yana da alaƙa da allurai,11 kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a yi nazarin rawar da suka taka a harbin jama'a. Abin takaici, hukumomi kan ƙi fitar da bayanai game da magungunan da masu kisan gillar ke sha. Ya zama haramun a ambaci cewa magungunan tabin hankali suna kashe mutane, har ma su ne na uku a cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa, bayan cututtukan zuciya da ciwon daji (saboda tsofaffi na iya rasa daidaito, su karye kwatangwalo, su mutu).12
Musamman Kennedy ya sanya shakku game da magungunan rage radadi ga matasa a matsayin muhimmin abu a cikin manufofinsa na kiwon lafiyar jama'a, har ma ya yi iƙirarin cewa magungunan rage radadi suna da tasiri sosai. zai iya zama da wahala a daina shan heroin fiye da shan heroin — wani matsayi da ya yi watsi da shaidun da aka shafe shekaru da dama ana bayarwa game da aminci da ingancinsu. Mafi muni ma, ko dai bai san ko kuma ya yi watsi da hujjoji masu ƙarfi da ke nuna cewa yin kalaman batanci ga magunguna a cikin gargaɗin da ake bayarwa game da rage damuwa a yanzu yana da matuƙar amfani. yana rage samun dama ga dukkan muhimman kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga matasa.
Kennedy ya yi gaskiya cewa daina shan maganin rage radadi ya fi wahalar shan maganin rage radadi. Alamomin daina shan maganin rage radadi bayan daina shan maganin ba sa daɗewa ga masu shan maganin rage radadi, amma ba ga masu shan maganin rage radadi ba.13,14 kuma likitocin tabin hankali waɗanda suka yi aiki da nau'ikan marasa lafiya guda biyu suna cewa heroin shine mafi sauƙi. Zai iya zama da wahala a daina shan magungunan rage radadi har ma marasa lafiya da yawa ba sa samun nasara.14,15 kuma saboda haka an yanke musu hukuncin yin magani har abada. Wannan muhimmin dalili ne da ya sa marasa lafiya da yawa ke shan waɗannan magunguna tsawon shekaru da yawa.16
Wannan gargaɗin akwatin baƙi na FDA ne:
Abin dariya ne, haɗari, kuma rashin da'a ne a yi jayayya cewa gargaɗin FDA yana ɓata wa magunguna suna kuma "yana rage damar samun duk wani muhimmin kulawar lafiyar kwakwalwa ga matasa." Ana bai wa yaran da ke cikin damuwa magungunan rage radadi, wanda hakan ke ninka haɗarin kashe kansu.17,18
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa gabatar da shirye-shiryen rigakafin kashe kai koyaushe yana ƙara yawan kashe kai domin koyaushe suna ba da shawarar magungunan rage radadi.19 Saboda haka, zai iya zama mai kyau ga yara ne kawai idan hukumomi da Kennedy suka yi gargaɗi game da waɗannan magungunan masu kisa, don haka ƙananan yara za su kamu da su.
Kennedy ba wai kawai ya yi ta tambaya game da muhimmancin magungunan rage radadi ga matasa ba, har ma ya danganta su da wani abu makamancin haka. halayyar tashin hankali — musamman ga harbin jama'a — ba tare da wata shaida ba kwata-kwata. A cikin wani rahoto da aka buga a watan Satumba na Washington Post op-ed Ya yi Allah wadai da gwajin lafiyar kwakwalwa ga yara, magani, da kuma, ba shakka, "yin amfani da magunguna fiye da kima don lafiyar kwakwalwar yara."
Wauta da rashin hankali na Soumerai da Lu sun ƙaru. Abin yabawa ne cewa Kennedy yana tambaya game da muhimmancin magungunan rage radadi ga matasa. Waɗannan magungunan ba su da wani tasiri mai ma'ana ga baƙin ciki, ko ga yara, ko ga manya.8,10 Likitocin tabin hankali sun rubuta cewa tasirin ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da mafi ƙarancin tasirin da ya shafi asibiti. A cikin gwaje-gwajen da masana'antu suka gudanar, bambancin da ke tsakanin magani da placebo ya kasance 2 kawai a sikelin Hamilton,20 kuma ƙaramin tasirin da za a iya gani a wannan sikelin shine 5-6.21 Wannan yana nufin cewa magungunan ba sa aiki.
Sukar da Kennedy ya yi wa yara kan duba lafiyar kwakwalwa ita ma ta dace. Yana haifar da yawan shan magunguna fiye da kima. Gwajin tantance damuwa da WHO ta ba da shawarar ya yi muni sosai har ga kowane mutum 100 masu lafiya da aka yi wa gwaji, mutum 36 za su sami kuskuren ganewar cutar damuwa.22 Ka'idojin da ake bi wajen gano ɓacin rai suna da faɗi sosai har yawancinmu za mu iya samun wannan ganewar lokaci zuwa lokaci ko da kuwa matsalarmu ɗaya tilo ce ta ɗan baƙin ciki na ɗan lokaci.8
Haka yake da ADHD, wanda ya zama abin da ake ganin ya dace da salon sutura. Na yi lacca sosai ga masu sauraro daban-daban, ƙwararru da kuma mutane marasa ilimi, kuma sau da yawa ina roƙonsu su gwada gwajin da aka ba da shawarar ga manya ADHD.8,23 Ba ya taɓa gazawa. Tsakanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku zuwa rabi gwajin ya nuna cewa yana da inganci. Lokacin da na yi wa masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali 27 lacca a 2022, 21 sun gwada inganci kuma 10 sun sami cikakken sakamako, wanda shine shida daga cikin sharuɗɗa shida (amsoshi huɗu masu kyau kawai ake buƙata ga tambayoyin don ganewar asali). Na gaya musu cewa sun kasance masu sauraro masu kyau saboda wasu daga cikin mutane mafi ban sha'awa da na taɓa haɗuwa da su sun cancanci a gano ADHD, ciki har da matata wacce ita ma ta sami cikakken sakamako. Suna da kuzari da kirkire-kirkire kuma suna da wahalar zama a kan kujerunsu suna yin kamar suna sauraro idan malamin ya kasance mai rauni.
Kafafen yaɗa labarai da kuma ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun yi watsi da kimiyyar da ke gaya mana cewa magungunan da ke da alaƙa da amphetamine da amphetamine don ADHD ba sa magance kowace matsala kuma suna da illa a cikin dogon lokaci; suna da tasiri wajen hana ci gaba; kuma suna ƙara haɗarin tashin hankali.7,8 Masu binciken da suka gudanar da babban gwaji da aka taɓa yi, gwajin MTA, da kuma Cibiyar Lafiyar Hankali ta Ƙasa ta Amurka sun yi ƙarya game da mummunan sakamakon dogon lokaci don kauce wa ƙaramin matsalar da methylphenidate ba ya aiki.24
Kalaman Kennedy game da magungunan rage radadi da gangan ba tare da cikakken bayani ba za su jawo asarar rayuka. Kamanceceniya da kalamansa na hana allurar riga-kafi a bayyane yake: Idan ka yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu tasiri, kuma kana ceton rai, za ka kori mutane daga kula da lafiya mai ceton rai..
Ba a taɓa nuna cewa magungunan rage radadi na iya ceton rayuka ba amma an rubuta cewa suna kashe rayuka da yawa.8,12,17-19 Abin da Kennedy ke ƙoƙarin yi shi ne ya nisantar da mutane daga haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
Kalaman Kennedy game da rage damuwa ba wai kawai sun dogara ne akan mummunan kimiyya ba, har ma suna ƙara rura wutar rashin yarda da magungunan lafiyar kwakwalwa a daidai lokacin da yawan baƙin ciki, damuwa, da kashe kai suka yi yawa. Idan ra'ayoyin Kennedy suka tsara manufofin Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna - misali, ta hanyar sabbin gargaɗin akwatin baƙi - miliyoyin marasa lafiya masu rauni, ciki har da masu juna biyu da matasa, za su iya rasa damar samun magunguna masu mahimmanci da kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, koda kuwa samuwarsu a zahiri ya kasance iri ɗaya.
Abin takaici ne ganin irin wannan ƙarya da kuma ad hominem muhawara. Gaskiyar magana ita ce akasin abin da Soumerai da Lu ke faɗa. Damuwar Kennedy ba ta da alaƙa da magana amma ta dogara ne akan kimiyya mai kyau, kuma ya fi dacewa fiye da kowane lokaci a yi rashin amincewa da "maganin lafiyar kwakwalwa" wanda Soumerai da Lu ke nufi da magungunan tabin hankali.
Soumerai da Lu sun kasa fahimta, duk da cewa an san cewa dalilan da ya sa "baƙin ciki, damuwa, da kashe kai suka yi yawa a lokacin samartaka" su ne cewa yanzu haka akwai ƙarancin hanyoyin yin gwajin cututtukan tabin hankali da yawa waɗanda mutane da yawa na yau da kullun za su iya samun ganewar asali, kuma kashe kai yana ƙaruwa saboda al'ada ita ce magance yawancin matsalolin da ke tattare da amfani da magungunan rage radadi.
Me zai sa a damu idan "masu juna biyu da matasa" za su rasa damar samun "maganin magunguna masu mahimmanci?" Babu magungunan tabin hankali masu mahimmanci ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin - babu.
Ana zargin cewa SSRI na iya haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin tayin, kuma an rubuta cewa magungunan suna da illa ga uwa da jariri.25,26 Serotonin yana ko'ina a jiki kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin ci gaban tayi. Idan muka yi amfani da ƙa'idar kariya a cikin daidaita magunguna, wanda ya kamata mu yi koyaushe amma ba haka masu kula da magunguna ke tunani ba, to ya kamata mu yi gargaɗi game da amfani da magungunan damuwa yayin daukar ciki, kamar yadda muke gargaɗi game da shan barasa.
Ta yaya muka sani? Mun riga mun ga yadda saƙonnin da ake watsawa ta hanyar tsoro game da magungunan rage radadi na iya haifar da mummunan illa. Bitar tsarin kula da harkokin lafiyaMun yi nazari kan cikakken shaidu masu ƙarfi kan gargaɗin da FDA ta yi game da magungunan rage radadi ga matasa. Mun gano cewa gargaɗin da aka yi niyya amma ba daidai ba ga likitoci, marasa lafiya, da iyaye game da yiwuwar mummunan tasirin yana da tsada. rayuka da dama.
Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne a cikin labarin. Bugu da ƙari, abin mamaki, saƙonnin da ke haifar da tsoro shine ainihin abin da Soumerai da Lu suka yi fice a cikin labarinsu kuma ƙaryarsu na iya haifar da "mummunan lahani."
Sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun yi nazari kan komai kuma sun gano cewa gargaɗin FDA ga matasa ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar dubban mutane. Ta yaya gargaɗin cewa ƙwayoyi na iya kashe ku ta hanyar kashe kanku, wanda shine abin da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi bazuwar suka gaya mana, zai iya haifar da dubban mutane su kashe kansu? Wannan ba zai yiwu ba. Sun buga wani bincike a cikin BMJ a 2014,27 wanda ke nuna irin ilimin da waɗannan mutane biyu suke yi. Na bayyana bincikensu a cikin littafina na farko na ilimin halin dan Adam:8
"Ƙungiyoyin Silverbacks a duk faɗin duniya suna iƙirarin cewa magungunan rage radadi suna kare kai daga kashe kai (97-99), kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna fama da wahala wajen shawo kan FDA ta cire gargaɗin akwatin baƙi game da kashe kai a cikin matasa. Kimiyyar da ba ta da iyaka da suke magana a kai.
An buga sabon binciken a cikin BMJ a shekarar 2014 (138), amma kamar duk waɗanda suka gabata, ya kasance mai kuskure har ba za a iya tantance komai daga gare shi ba (139). Masu binciken Amurka ba su ma yi nazarin babban maƙasudinsu ba, yunƙurin kashe kansa ga SSRIs, amma sun yi amfani da wani magani mara kyau, wanda ya ƙunshi duk wani abu mai cutar psychotropic. Mutanen da ke shan SSRIs waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin kashe kansu ba sa yawan guba ga kansu (kuma ba za su iya yin hakan da SSRIs ba); suna yawan amfani da hanyoyin tashin hankali kamar ratayewa (49,140).
Masu binciken sun kuma yi watsi da gaskiyar cewa duk wani canji da aka yi wa allurar SSRIs yana ƙara haɗarin kashe kansa. Don haka, haɗarin kashe kansa yana ƙaruwa idan mutane suka daina shan SSRIs ba zato ba tsammani saboda gargaɗin, amma wannan zai faru ne saboda alamun janyewa ba alama ce da ke nuna cewa SSRIs suna kare kansu daga kashe kansu ba.
Wasu masu bincike sun karyata ikirarin masu binciken cewa gargadin FDA ya kasance mai cutarwa, tare da ainihin bayanai kan yunƙurin kashe kai daga rumbunan bayanai guda biyar daban-daban, suma daga Amurka (141).
An sami martani mai sauri guda 26 a cikin BMJ wanda ya wargaza binciken sharar da Soumerai da Lu suka yi, kuma masu bincike uku daga Harvard ne suka gudanar da juyin mulkin - wadanda suka yi amfani da bayanai daga rumbunan bayanai guda biyar daban-daban.28
A shekarun 2003 da 2004, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta bayar da shawarwari da dama kan lafiya, inda ta yi gargadin cewa yara da matasa da ke shan magungunan rage radadi suna fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da tunanin kashe kansu da kuma dabi'unsu. A watan Oktoba na 2004, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta bukaci a sanya wa dukkan magungunan rage radadi a cikin akwatin gargadi game da wannan hadarin a jikin duk wani maganin rage radadi. Sannan, a watan Mayu na 2007, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta tsawaita gargadin don ya hada da matasa.
Tushen waɗannan gargaɗin har ma a lokacin yana da ce-ce-ku-ce. Wani bincike da FDA ta nema ya nuna ƙaramin haɗari na tunanin kashe kai ga matasa waɗanda suka fara shan maganin rage radadi. Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen da aka haɗa a cikin nazarin meta-analysis sun kasance ba a taɓa ƙera shi ba don auna haɗarin kashe kansa. Kuma binciken ba a taɓa aunawa ba kammala kashe kansa.
Babu wata makauniya kamar ita ko shi da ba zai gani ba. Duk da cewa kamfanonin sun aikata babban zamba, wanda ni da wasu muka rubuta,8,10 Duk da haka, FDA ta gano cewa magungunan sun ninka haɗarin kashe kai a cikin yara da matasa (P= 0.00005).29
Wannan zamba ta yi muni sosai. Kamfanonin sun yi watsi da kashe kai, yunƙurin kashe kai, da tunanin kashe kai game da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin gwaje-gwajen da suka yi da placebo, sun ƙara su a cikin sashin placebo, kodayake ba su dace da su ba, ko kuma sun kira su wani abu daban, misali rashin jin daɗin motsin rai.8,10,30
Hukumar FDA ta yi hannun riga da wannan zamba. A gwaje-gwajen wasu magunguna, an sami ƙarin kashe kai (kowane shekaru) fiye da yadda aka yi a cikin cikakken binciken FDA na dukkan magungunan.8 Thomas Laughren, wanda ke da alhakin binciken meta na hukuma na FDA na 2006, ya buga wata takarda shekaru biyar da suka gabata ta amfani da bayanan FDA inda ya ba da rahoto sau 10.8 Yawan kashe kansa a cikin marasa lafiya 10,000 ana bazuwa zuwa ga magungunan damuwa31 fiye da yadda yake a cikin bincikensa na 2006.32 Abin mamaki ne cewa yana iya zama mai ra'ayin kansa idan mutane suka mutu ko a'a.
Adadin wadanda suka kamu da cutar ya yi yawa sosai: matasa 2 cikin 100 sun fuskanci kisan kai a lokacin 'yan makonni na jinya.32,33 Wannan shine abin da Soumerai da Lu ke kira "ƙaramin haɗari!"
Yara da yawa waɗanda ba su da wata matsala ta tabin hankali sun kashe kansu saboda illolin da magungunan ke haifarwa, waɗanda ba su gane ba, domin sun yi zaton sun haukace.8
Ƙungiyar bincike ta ta tabbatar da yadda waɗannan magunguna suke da haɗari ga kowa. Mun yi nazari mai zurfi kan gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa ta hanyar placebo a cikin manyan masu sa kai masu lafiya ta amfani da abubuwan da suka faru na farko da FDA ta ayyana. Mun gano cewa SSRIs da SNRIs suna ninka haɗarin cutarwa da suka shafi kisan kai da tashin hankali, kuma adadin da ake buƙata don magancewa don cutar da mutum ɗaya mai lafiya shine 16 kawai (tazara ta amincewa 95% zuwa 100).34
Ganin cewa fluoxetine shine maganin SSRI na farko da aka amince da amfani da shi ga yara, ni da likitan tabin hankali David Healy mun yi cikakken bincike kan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka sarrafa a cikin damuwa wanda ya haifar da amincewa. Mun yi amfani da cikakkun rahotannin binciken asibiti (shafuka 3.357).10 Wannan abin mamaki ne. A cikin ƙaramin gwaji na farko, na yara 48 da 48, masu binciken sun cire ƙoƙarin kashe kansu guda biyu na fluoxetine a cikin takardar da suka buga, kuma 19 da 6 sun fuskanci rashin natsuwa (P = 0.005), 9 idan aka kwatanta da 1 sun yi mafarki mai ban tsoro (P = 0.02), kuma 7 idan aka kwatanta da 4 sun ji damuwa a ciki. Waɗannan manyan illoli ne saboda rashin natsuwa, gami da jin damuwa a ciki, da kuma mafarkai marasa daɗi suna ƙara haɗarin kashe kai da tashin hankali.
A wani gwajin kuma, daga cikin yara 109 da 110, yaro ɗaya ya sami mummunan rauni ga kowane yaro 10 da aka yi wa magani da fluoxetine. Fluoxetine ya ƙara tazara tsakanin QTc akan ECG (P = 0.02), wanda ke ƙara haɗarin mutuwa kwatsam, ƙaruwar cholesterol a cikin jini, kuma ya kasance mai hana ci gaba mai tasiri, yana rage ƙaruwar tsayi da nauyi a cikin makonni 19 da 1.0 cm da 1.1 kg, bi da bi (P = 0.008 ga duka biyun).
Mun kuma gano cewa fluoxetine bai yi aiki ba kuma mun kammala da cewa fluoxetine ba shi da haɗari kuma ba shi da tasiri.
Wani bincike mai zurfi da aka yi kwanan nan kan bayanan gwajin FDA wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka faru na kashe kai a lokacin bin diddigin bayan ƙarshen matakin bazuwar ya nuna cewa magungunan hana ɗaukar ciki suna kashe kai sau biyu, ba tare da iyaka ga shekaru ba.17
Duk da wannan shaida mai cike da shakku, shawarwarin FDA da gargaɗin da aka bayar a cikin akwatin sun sami rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai akai-akai da kuma yaɗuwa a manyan jaridu da talabijin suna nuna alaƙar kashe kai. Labarai da yawa sun yi amfani da labarai kuma sun jaddada haɗarin amfani da maganin rage radadi ga yara da matasa. Don haka, gargaɗin tsaro da aka yi niyya ya zama abin tsoro ga likitoci, iyaye, da matasa. Misali, jaridar New York Times ta Amurka ta wallafa. kanun labarai ya ce "FDA tana danganta magunguna da kisan kai," kuma wani a cikin Washington Post ya ruwaito "FDA ta tabbatar da cewa magungunan rage radadi suna ƙara haɗarin kashe kansa ga yara."
Soumerai da Lu suna ƙarya. Suna da'awar cewa labaran da aka watsa a kafafen yaɗa labarai sun nuna alaƙar kashe kai da kuma komawa ga jaridu biyu da suka bayar da bayanai na gaskiya. Ba zai fi wannan muni ba. Rashin gaskiyarsu gaba ɗaya ne.
Babban burin gargaɗin shine ƙara sa ido kan likitoci game da tunanin kashe kai. Madadin haka, sun yi nasara: Yawan gano cututtukan damuwa da kulawa da amfani da magungunan rage radadi duk sun ragu, kuma ƙoƙarin kashe kai na matasa da mutuwar ta karuShaidar tana da yawa: Gargaɗin ya haifar da mummunan lahani ba tare da wani fa'ida da aka rubuta ba, wanda wataƙila ya haifar da dubban kisan kai na matasa da za a iya hanawa. Kuma babu wani bincike da ya gano cewa kulawar lafiyar kwakwalwa ta inganta ko kuma cewa halayen kashe kai da mace-mace sun ragu saboda gargaɗin.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne, akwai bincike da dama masu gamsarwa waɗanda suka saɓa wa abin da Soumerai da Lu ke iƙirari kuma na ambaci da yawa daga cikinsu.8,19
Kuma wataƙila mafi muni duka, dubban matasa masu fama da baƙin ciki mai tsanani sun daina zuwa wurin likita don neman kulawar lafiyar kwakwalwa.
Wannan labari ne mai daɗi domin "kulawa da lafiyar kwakwalwa mai mahimmanci" yana nufin magungunan rage damuwa. Kuskuren imani da cewa magungunan rage damuwa suna aiki don tsananin baƙin ciki ya faru ne saboda wasu abubuwa guda biyu na lissafi waɗanda mutane kaɗan ne suka sani kuma saboda haka na yi bayani.35
Binciken da aka yi kan matasan Amurka akai-akai kuma a ƙarshe ya nuna cewa gargaɗin akwatin baƙi - wanda aka ƙara faɗaɗa sosai a cikin tallace-tallace da labaran labarai - ya haifar da haɗari raguwar ziyarar likita da kuma ganewar cutar damuwa ta hanyar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Wannan mummunan tasirin, wanda tsoro da kyama suka haifar da shi da sabon gargaɗin suka haifar, ya ƙara haɗarin kashe kansa ta hanyar hana matasa samun taimako, zuwa ga likitoci, duk da cewa suna fama da matsananciyar baƙin ciki.
Idan mutane suna yawan amfani da magungunan tabin hankali ba tare da wata jayayya ba, sukan tura marasa lafiya a gabansu su ce suna fuskantar tsangwama idan ba mu yarda da masu yada farfaganda ba. Abin mamaki ne a yi iƙirarin cewa gargaɗi ga marasa lafiya game da magunguna masu haɗari na iya haifar da tsangwama. Kuma matasa ya kamata su guji zuwa ga likitoci domin likitoci suna da sauri wajen rubuta magungunan rage radadi ga kusan komai.8,36 Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Amurka ya nuna cewa fiye da rabin likitocin sun rubuta magunguna bayan sun tattauna batun baƙin ciki da marasa lafiya na tsawon mintuna uku ko ƙasa da haka!37
Magungunan hana damuwa ba su da kyau; babu magani ko magani da ya dace. Amma kamar yadda yake da alluran rigakafi, an tabbatar da cewa suna ceton rayuka, suna da matuƙar amfani, kuma suna da fa'idodi da suka fi duk wani lahani. Kuma, kamar yadda yake da alluran rigakafi, da zarar wani da ke cikin iko ya yi shakku game da inganci da aminci - ba daidai ba kuma a gaban duk wata shaida - za ku kori matasa waɗanda ke buƙatar taimakonmu.
Soumerai da Lu sun gabatar da ikirari marasa shaida kuma ba daidai ba ne. Da farko, magungunan rage radadi ba sa ceton rayuka, suna kashe rayuka da yawa.8,12
Na biyu, ba su da "daraja mai yawa" tare da fa'idodin da suka fi ƙarfin illolinsu; akasin haka ne. Mun nuna cewa mutane sun fi son placebo maimakon maganin rage radadi lokacin da suka auna fa'idodi da illolin da suke gani a gwaje-gwaje kuma suka yanke shawarar daina zuwa wani mataki mafi girma lokacin da suke shan magani mai aiki.38 Kuma adadin da ake buƙata don yin magani da maganin tabin hankali don amfanar da majiyyaci ɗaya mafarki ne domin adadin da ake buƙata don yin magani don cutar da majiyyaci ɗaya ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai.39
A matsayinmu na malamai a Harvard da Jami'ar Sydney, muna koyar da ɗaliban digirin digirgir (Ph.D.), malaman makarantun likitanci, da kuma editocin mujallu game da haɗarin nazarin lafiya da manufofi marasa inganci. Idan aka haɗa da rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai masu ban sha'awa da kuma fafutukar da wasu masu sha'awa ke bayarwa, irin waɗannan nazarin sun haifar da m ko ma cutarwa manufofin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa.
Maguɗin Soumerai da Lu1,40 na iya zama mai cutarwa, kuma hanyar da suke bi wajen yin amfani da kimiyya ita ce: "Idan ka daɗe kana azabtar da bayananka, za su gaya maka duk abin da kake son ji."41
Ya kamata mu duka mu ji tsoro cewa mutumin da ke da babban murya a fannin kiwon lafiya - Kennedy - yana amfani da shi ta hanyoyin da bincike bayan bincike ya nuna yana ƙara damuwa, rage ziyarar likitoci saboda tsananin baƙin ciki, da kuma haifar da kashe kansa.
Ina tsammanin na bayyana karara cewa Kennedy ya fi Soumerai da Lu aminci.
References
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Dokta Peter Gøtzsche shi ne ya kafa Cochrane Haɗin kai, wanda da zarar an yi la'akari da babbar ƙungiyar bincike ta likita mai zaman kanta ta duniya. A cikin 2010 Gøtzsche an nada shi Farfesa na Tsarin Bincike na Clinical da Bincike a Jami'ar Copenhagen. Gøtzsche ya buga fiye da 100 takardu a cikin "manyan biyar" mujallolin likita (JAMA, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, British Medical Journal, da Annals of Internal Medicine). Gøtzsche ya kuma rubuta litattafai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya da suka hada da Magungunan Mutuwa da Laifukan Tsara.
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