A cikin duniyar da 'adalci' ke kama kukan ƴan kasuwa suna tara dukiyar da ba a taɓa gani ba, dawowar mulkin mallaka bai kamata ya yi mamaki ba. Mulkin mallaka, bayan haka, yana kawo fa'ida mai yawa ga wanda ya rage musu iko da wahalhalu. Nasarar tana buƙatar tsari mai mahimmanci don cimma nasarar sarrafa jama'a, tare da taƙaita 'yanci 'don mafi girma' yayin da yake yin shiru ga waɗanda ba su yarda ba.
Tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) a yanzu ta sake yin aiki don haɓaka irin waɗannan hanyoyin, da kuma martanin da ta yi na Covid da ta sake tura tsoffin yankuna zuwa cikin fatara, an saita matakin don dawo da tsohon tsari. Sojoji na jami'an kiwon lafiya na kasa da kasa, wadanda ke ba wa kansu tanadin maganganu iri-iri game da 'infodemics,' 'daidaitan allurar rigakafi,' da sabuwar soyayyar daukar nauyin kamfanoni, suna samar da tsaro. Masu nasara, waɗanda suka yi asara, da masu ba da damar - duk abubuwan da muka yi tunanin mun ajiye a cikin butulci amma kawai suna cikin inuwa.
Yayin da mulkin mallaka na Turai ya tabbatar da kyakkyawar hanya ta fitar da dukiyar wasu, shi ma yana da gazawarsa. Na daya shi ne yadda ake fitar da cututtuka irin su kwalara da typhus ba tare da gangan ba. Yayin karamin kwari ya kasance mummunan balaguron fitar da turawa zuwa ketare, share }asashen da ake so a yi wa ’yan mulkin mallaka, watsa cututtuka ta wata hanya ta tayar da hankalin masu mulkin mallaka; dokokin gida da tsammanin da aka yi amfani da su kuma mutuwar jama'a da wahala ba za a iya ɓoyewa daga idanun jama'a ba.
Don magance wannan matsala, kasashen Turai 12 sun hadu a 1851 a karon farko taron tsaftar muhalli na duniya. Yawancin an saka jari sosai a cikin kasuwancin mulkin mallaka, daidaitawa da kwashe wasu ƙasashe don nuna mafi girman nau'in wayewa. Wasu sun kasance a ƙwazo bautar mutane don yin wannan mafi girma har ma da rahusa don sanyawa. Don haka, an haifi babban filin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na duniya (yanzu ana sake masa suna 'Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya'). Sake suna na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci yayin da abin da ya gabata ya zama m.
Irin waɗannan tarurrukan sun ƙare a farkon Sanitary Yarjejeniyar a 1892, da kuma kafa na dindindin Office Internationale d'Hygiene Publique a Paris a 1907. Ƙasashen nahiyar Amirka sun samu farko da nasu ofishin kula da tsaftar muhalli na kasa da kasa a shekarar 1902, amma har yanzu cibiyar nauyi ta duniya tana cikin Turai. Yayin da manyan kawancen jama'a da masu zaman kansu da suka yi amfani da al'ummar mulkin mallaka, irin su Gabashin Indiya kamfanoni, yawanci ya wargaje, gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka har yanzu suna iya yunwa da kuma cin zarafin jama'ar gari ba tare da yin la'akari da ƙa'idodin ɗabi'ar da ake tsammani a gida ba. Kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kasa da kasa ya kasance game da kiyaye yawan jama'ar gida, ba game da magance nauyin cututtuka na masu mulkin mallaka ba.
Ana iya gudanar da mulkin mallaka tare da ingantaccen masana'antu masu zaman kansu ba tare da tsammanin ci gaban lafiya da walwala a Turai ba. Sun yi nisa sosai kuma suna da fa'ida don fa'idar dukiyoyin da aka fitar don fushi da duk wani tunanin laifin da irin wannan cin zarafi zai iya taso. The matsayi na wasu marigayi-zuwa-zuwa kamar lalatawar tsarin jiki kuma na iya zama kantuna ga waɗanda ke son nuna halin kirki; wannan zai iya ba da damar jin daɗin altruism ko 'Nauyin Farin Mutum' don rufe da more al'ada kisan na mafi kafa iko.
A cikin wannan duka, makarantun kula da lafiyar jama'a na wurare masu zafi na Turai sun taimaka wajen kiyaye yawan jama'a da riba yayin da suke ƙarfafa wannan labule na alheri; kiwon lafiya da aka ba da izini don tallafawa kamfanoni-mai ikon mallakar jihar. Sun kuma kara kaimi da kwarin gwiwa na matasa kwararrun kiwon lafiya da jihar ta dauka. Babu sabon abu da yawa a ƙarƙashin rana.
Tsakanin yakin duniya na biyu mulkin mallaka ya kasance mai kyau kasuwanci. Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta gwada haɗa kai ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin mulkin mallaka na Asiya, Japan. Cutar mura ta Sipaniya ta riga-kafin maganin rigakafi kwanan nan ta yi mummunar barna a duniya tare da mutuwar mutane miliyan 25 zuwa 50 tsakanin 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma cutar ta typhus ta ci gaba da mutuwa a yakin duniya na farko. Haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa yana da ma'ana, amma zai kasance akan sharuɗɗan masu hannu da shuni kuma su kasance da fifikon mai da hankali kan barazanar lafiyar kansu.
Wannan ra'ayi na masu kishin addini ya kai ga motsin eugenics na lokacin. An goyi bayan yawancin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Yammacin Turai, an bayyana wannan a fili ta hanyar su rungumar sha'awa na Naziism a Jamus. Mu yawanci muna kallon Naziism a matsayin hotunan launin toka na jackboots da sansanonin taro, amma wannan murdiya ce; wani figment na monochrome fim da farfaganda. An dauke shi ci gaba a lokacin; mutane suna aiki tare a rana don amfanin mutane da yawa, haɓaka wadata da dama.
Ya dauki hankali da zukatan dalibai da matasa, ya ba su dalilin tsayawa takara, ya ba su hakkinsu na wulakanta masu karkata, wadanda ba su dace ba, da wadanda ake ganin ba su da lafiya ko barazana ga tsaftar zamantakewa. Kamar yadda a yau, wannan duka an inganta shi daga sama ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar 'yan siyasa da kamfanoni kuma suna nunawa a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a da kwalejoji. Yana baiwa mutane damar kallon tauye hakkin wasu a matsayin mai nagarta. Fascist da mulkin mallaka fuskoki ne na tsabar tsabar kudi.
Sakamakon ruɓewar gawarwakin jiragen ƙasa na mutuwar 1940s, da kuma fatalwowin kwarangwal na sansanonin da suka yi hidima, sun ba da ikon mulkin likita mummunan suna. Yakin duniya na biyu ya kuma bai wa al'ummar da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka hanya da hanyar da za su jefar da azzalumansu. Akwai 'yan shekarun da suka biyo baya wanda lafiyar jama'a ta tuba. Hanyoyin sana'a sun buƙaci amincewa da ra'ayoyin adawa da mulkin farkisanci kamar daidaito tsakanin ƙasashe, kula da al'umma game da manufofin kiwon lafiya, da kuma ra'ayin da ba a yarda da shi ba na 'yarda mai sanarwa'. Sanarwa daga Nuremberg to Helsinki to Alma Ata ya inganta wannan batu, tare da haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke yawo a kafafen watsa labarai.
Don ikon mallakar kamfani da manufar mulkin mallaka don sake zama abokantaka, dole ne a tsabtace tsoffin jigogi. 'Mafi kyau' shine a wuri mai kyau to farko; "Kare al'ummar ku, sami jab ɗin ku" yana ba da kulawar tilasta bin doka. "Babu wanda yake lafiya, sai kowa ya tsira” baratar da demonization na wadanda basu yarda ba. Wasu tsararraki na mantuwa, ɗan sakewa, kuma duk ya sake zama na al'ada.
Bari mu ci gaba da zurfafa bincike a halin yanzu. Mukan rusa gumakan azzalumai, mu hana littattafan ’yan wariyar launin fata, sannan a rufe kasuwanni da makarantu a fadin kasashe masu karamin karfi da fadada su bashi, tabbatar da sun kasance masu biyayya. A cikin ƙasashe masu arziki, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna ba da kuɗin kwalejojin da ke horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararru waɗanda ke ceton jahilai da mabuƙata a cikin 'na baya' jihohi. Suna shirya yiwa yaran alluran magungunan da ƴan kasuwa ke yi, waɗanda masu ƙirar ke ɗauka sun tabbatar da ingancinsu da kuma amincewar hukumomin da suke tallafawa. Babban sabon haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu yana tabbatar da samun riba mai zaman kansa ta hanyar kuɗin jama'a.
Babban tsarin mulki na ci gaba, a cikin jerin ci gaba na hukumomin duniya, yanzu yana aiwatar da ayyukan ajanda na tsakiya, cire sauran wuraren mallakar gida da sarrafawa. Dubban ma'aikata 'masu aikin jin kai' masu samun albashin sabbin ma'aikata na Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya, suna aiwatar da facade iri ɗaya na manyan ƙasashen yamma zuwa nesa, jahilai, da waɗanda ba a haɓaka ba. Hukumomin kasa da kasa da ba za a iya taɓa su ba kamar WHO, na waje ga ikon shari'a na ƙasa, suna yin aikin kafa ga waɗanda ke da kuɗi da iko. Shekaru biyun da suka gabata, an ba da fifiko kan ƙarfafa al'umma. Na zauna a tarurruka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda waɗannan mutane ba tare da kunya ba suna tattaunawa game da kasashen da ba su bi ka'idodin al'adun Yammacin Turai ba. Daular al'adu ta sake zama karbuwa.
Yayin da duniya ke juya da'ira, bayan yakin duniya na biyu ra'ayoyin 'yancin ɗan adam, daidaito, da hukumar gida suna fita daga matakin duniya. Turawan mulkin mallaka a halin yanzu sun yi ado kamar daidaiton rigakafi yana kama da gungun jami'an mulkin mallaka suna tilasta wa masu daukar nauyin kayayyakinsu akan wadanda basu da karfi, alhalin manufofin gini don tabbatar da wannan rashin daidaituwa ya kasance. Gurasa, cututtuka, auren yara, Da kuma talauci na tsararraki Batutuwa ne na gefe ga layin Gabashin Indiya Pharma da Kamfanin Software na kasa. Wannan zai tsaya ne lokacin da waɗanda ake mulkin mallaka suka sake haɗa kai kuma suka ƙi yin biyayya. A halin yanzu, masu ba da damar za su iya buɗe idanunsu su fahimci wanda suke yi wa aiki.
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David Bell, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likitan lafiyar jama'a ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu a cikin lafiyar duniya. David tsohon jami'in kiwon lafiya ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shugaban Shirin Malaria da cututtukan zazzabi a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma Daraktan Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Duniya na Intellectual Ventures a Bellevue, WA, Amurka.
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