Samun damar gudanar da kimar haɗarin haɗari babbar fasaha ce ga likitoci da yawa, kuma a cikin wannan zamanin, mutane da yawa, kasuwanci, ƙungiyoyin jama'a, makarantu, da manyan makarantu kuma ana ba su aikin gudanar da tantance haɗarin don ayyukansu. Koyaya, gazawar sadarwar kiwon lafiya ce mafi yawancin basu sami jagororin yadda ake yin hakan ba.
Waɗannan ƙididdigar haɗari na iya da kansu suna da sakamako mara kyau. Ana nufin kimanta haɗarin haɗari don taimakawa kimantawa da ƙarfafa dabarun da ke rage haɗari. Koyaya, idan an aiwatar da shi ba daidai ba, a maimakon haka za su iya ba da gudummawa don haifar da damuwa da ƙarfafa ayyukan da ba, a zahiri, ba su rage haɗarin, kuma suna iya haifar da babbar illa.
Ya kamata a bi ka'idodi masu zuwa yayin yin la'akari da kowane haɗarin haɗari:
1) Ana buƙatar gano ainihin haɗarin
Maimakon ɗaukar matakai don 'bayyana' lafiya ko a hankali, ainihin haɗarin da ake niyya yana buƙatar gano. A cikin yanayin cutar ta Covid-19, babban haɗarin da ƙungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane ke son gujewa shine watsa Covid-19 da ke faruwa a wani taron kuma mutum ya kamu da rashin lafiya ko kuma yana mutuwa sakamakon wannan watsa.
2) Yiwuwar haɗarin faruwa yana buƙatar kimantawa
Domin hadarin wani ya kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, akwai bukatar a gudanar da jerin abubuwa, wadanda suka hada da mutumin da ke halarta wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta Covid-19, sannan ya watsa kwayar cutar, kuma wanda suke yadawa zuwa gare shi ya kamu da rashin lafiya mai tsanani.
Ana iya ƙididdige waɗannan haɗarin, a cikin ƙididdiga, dangane da yaduwar Covid-19, da yuwuwar rashin lafiya. A yankunan duniya da ake samun gagarumin amfani da shirin rigakafin a cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, tare da manyan matakan rigakafi da aka samu, yiwuwar rashin lafiya mai tsanani a cikin kowane mutum zai yi ƙasa sosai.
3) Duk wani dabarun rage haɗarin haɗari yana buƙatar yin niyya zuwa takamaiman haɗari
Duk dabarun ragewa suna buƙatar a yi niyya zuwa ainihin haɗari. Idan dabarar ragewa, a gaskiya, ba ta rage haɗarin ba, to bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba.
4) dabarun rage haɗari yakamata su kasance daidai da haɗarin da ke tattare da shi
Ganin cewa haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani a cikin rukuni, wanda ya riga ya sami allurar rigakafi da rigakafin kamuwa da cuta, ya yi ƙasa sosai, wannan na iya nufin cewa yawancin dabarun rage haɗari don rage yaduwar kwayar cutar ba su dace da hadarin da ake ciki ba.
5) Ya kamata a kimanta ingancin dabarun rage haɗarin haɗari, ta amfani da dabarun ƙima mai mahimmanci
Ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don kimanta ingancin kowane dabarar rage haɗarin haɗari, ta amfani da samfurin 'tsari na shaida', irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ma'auni mafi girma na shaida ga bayanan lura, wanda ake ɗauka ya fi ƙira, tare da mafi ƙarancin nauyi aka ba da "ra'ayin masana." Kusan dukkanin dabarun rage haɗarin da aka ɗauka don rage haɗarin watsa kwayar cutar hoto, kamar masking, samar da kayan aikin iska, nisantar da jama'a, tsarin hanya ɗaya, allon Perspex, zama a matakin 'ra'ayin ƙwararru' ko 'samfurin' sabili da haka za a yi la'akari da tasirin tasirin irin waɗannan ayyukan a matsayin rauni.
6) Akwai yuwuwar cutar da duk wani dabarun rage haɗari yana buƙatar gano
Duk tsoma baki suna da illa masu yuwuwa. Waɗannan za su kasance daga ƙayyadaddun (misali masking na iya sa sadarwa ta fi wahala ga mutanen da ke da raunin hankali da fahimi) zuwa mafi wanzuwa (sakamakon idan matakan rage haɗari ya sa ba zai yiwu wata ƙungiya ta yi aiki ba). Waɗannan illolin, gami da yuwuwar tasirin wariya, yakamata a jera su musamman akan ƙimar haɗari.
Idan aka bi waɗannan ƙa'idodin, to, daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi za su kasance mafi ƙwarewa don tantancewa da kansu abin da zai iya zama tasiri mai tasiri. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin za su jagorance mu mu gabatar da shisshigi inda za su fi tasiri. A ƙarshe, idan waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani ko dai ba su kasance ba (kamar yadda lamarin yake a cikin ayyukan matasa), ko kuma an ba da rigakafin, to haɗarin kowane mutum ya kamu da rashin lafiya da kamuwa da cutar ta Covid-19 ya zama ƙasa sosai, don haka fa'idodin kowane dabarun rage haɗari ya zama mara ƙima. Ƙididdiga masu haɗari, lokacin da aka aiwatar da su yadda ya kamata, ƙarfafa mu muyi la'akari da illolin da kuma kimanta ƙarfin shaida don ingancin ayyukan da aka tsara.
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin kuma za su iya taimaka wa mutane da al'ummomi suyi tunani ta hanyar manufar matakan rage haɗari. Ganin cewa manufar duk dabarun rage haɗari shine don rage haɗarin rashin lafiya ko mutuwa, to ba gazawar kimanta haɗarin ba idan an sami asymptomatic ko ƙananan lokuta daga kowane lamari na musamman. Manufar dabarun rage haɗari ba shine don cire duk yuwuwar watsa kwayar cutar da ke haifar da rashin lafiya mai sauƙi ba.
Yayin da Covid-19 ya zama annoba, ya kamata a sake amfani da wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin zuwa wasu matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a waɗanda aka karɓe su sosai, gami da gwajin yawan jama'a, ƙuntatawa kan iyaka, da gwajin tafiya. Yawancin waɗannan matakan ba sa yin niyya ga kowane takamaiman haɗari, suna da tushe mai rauni ko babu shi, sabili da haka ya kamata a sake kimanta amfani da su.
Wadannan ka'idodin zasu iya taimakawa ƙididdigar haɗari suyi aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya - a matsayin kayan aiki don taimakawa mutane da al'ummomi su kimanta haɗari da kuma sanya matakan da aka yi niyya, don ƙunshe da kuma rage yawan damuwa, da kuma matsawa daga matakan da suka fi dacewa da kawai don ƙaddamar da damuwa da haifar da cutarwa, ba tare da wani amfani ba.
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Robert Freudenthal likitan hauka ne a sabis na lafiyar kwakwalwa na NHS na London.
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