Farfesa Randy Barnett na Doka ya kwatanta Kundin Tsarin Mulki a matsayin “dokar da ke mulkin waɗanda ke mulkin mu.” Lokacin da jami'an gwamnatinmu suka keta tsarin mulkin kasa, ba za su iya fadada 'yancin 'yan kasa ba; a maimakon haka sai su ‘yantar da kansu daga takurawa doka domin su kara karfin ikonsu domin tauye ‘yancin al’ummar da suke wakilta.
A karkashin sunan martanin Covid, shugabanninmu sun rushe tsarin tsarin mulkin mu na 'yancin ɗan adam don haɓaka ikonsu akan ɗan ƙasa.
Gwamnatin tarayya An haɗu da Big Tech don ƙwace 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki na Amurkawa na Farko da 'yancin samun 'yanci daga binciken da bai dace ba. Jami'ai suka takura ta hanyar bata ra’ayi a matsayin karya da nuna cewa hakan na jefa jama’a cikin hadari. Ma'aikata maye gurbin Kwaskwarima ta bakwai tare da garkuwar abin alhaki don samfuran Big Pharma mafi riba.
Wannan basaraken mai kawuna uku na Big Pharma, Big Tech, da gwamnatin tarayya sun yi aiki tare wajen kaddamar da juyin mulkin da ya kwace kundin tsarin mulki. Don maye gurbin 'yancinmu, suna ba da sabon tsarin mulki na murkushe adawa, sa ido kan talakawa, da lamuni na masu iko.
Aiwatar da wannan tsarin yana buƙatar sarrafa kama-karya fiye da al'adun tsarin mulkin Amurka.
Umarnin Tsaya-A-gida da Haƙƙin Tafiya
Baya ga kai hari kan wasu haƙƙoƙin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, jami'an gwamnati sun kwace wa Amurkawa 'yancinsu da ba a ƙididdige su ba. Ko da yake ba a yi magana a kai tsaye a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba, an daɗe da amincewa da yancin yin balaguro a Amurka.
In Corfield v. Coryell (1823), Alkalin Kotun Koli Bushrod Washington hada da 'yancin yin tafiye-tafiye cikin 'yanci a cikin jerin muhimman haƙƙoƙin da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka ya ba shi na gata da ƙa'idar rigakafi. Tushensa ya koma Magna Carta (1215), wanda ya ce: “Ya halatta ga kowane mutum ya fita ya koma mulkinmu.”
A cikin 1958, Kotun Koli ta ce: "Haƙƙin tafiye-tafiye wani ɓangare ne na 'yanci' wanda ba za a iya hana ɗan ƙasa ba tare da bin doka da oda a ƙarƙashin Kwaskwarima na biyar" Kent da Dulles.
Duk da wannan abin da aka dade ana yi, jami’an gwamnati sun kwace wa Amurkawa wannan hakki da ba a kididdige su ba tare da hukumce-hukumcen kame gidajen da ba na kimiya da zalunci ba.
California ita ce jiha ta farko da ta ba da odar "zauna a gida" don mayar da martani ga Covid. A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2020, Gwamna Newsom hukunci, "[Na] umurci duk mutanen da ke zaune a Jihar California da su zauna a gida ko a wurin zama sai dai idan ana buƙata don ci gaba da gudanar da ayyuka na sassan samar da ababen more rayuwa na tarayya."
"Hanyar da 'yan ƙasa damar yin tafiye-tafiye alama ce ta jihar 'yan sanda," rubuta masanin shari'a Eugene Kontorovich a cikin Disamba 2021. "Cutar cututtuka za ta kasance tare da mu koyaushe. Ba zai iya zama uzuri ba don ba wa gwamnatin tarayya carte blanche don sarrafa rayuwar 'yan ƙasa."
Karkashin umarnin Newsom na son zuciya da jarumtaka, jihar ta bi waccan kato-baki don sanya zalunci a kan Californians. Jami’an tsaro sun kama ’yan fashin teku, sun ci tarar masu hawan igiyar ruwa, tare da neman a bi su a karkashin barazanar tilastawa. cikin makonni uku na odar Newsom.
"Ina tsammanin kwanakin ƙoƙarin samun yarda da son rai sun ƙare," in ji Sheriff County Sheriff Bill Gore a cikin Afrilu 2020. "Saƙon zai tafi ga duk lafiyar jama'a a nan cikin gundumar cewa za mu fara fitar da bayanan karya dokar jama'a da kuma umarnin zartarwa na gwamna."
Zuwa digiri daban-daban, kusan duk ƙasar sun bi misalin Newsom na fiat masu kyan gani. Alal misali, Hawaii ta ƙirƙiri "masu bincike" zuwa kama da tara mutane wanda ya karya dokar zaman gida a jihar; New Jersey cajin iyaye tare da "hadarin yara" don kawo 'ya'yansu zuwa taron jama'a; 'Yan sanda na Rhode Island an caje mutane uku daga Massachusetts don tuƙi zuwa cikin jihar don yin wasan golf.
A ƙarshe, manufofin sun kasance a rashin lafiyar jama'a. Amma, yayin da suka dade, umarnin kame gidan ya saba wa dadewa da kundin tsarin mulki ya ba da damar yin balaguro.
A 1941, Justice Jackson rubuta cewa Amurkawa suna da 'yancin yin balaguro tsakanin jihohi "ko dai don zama na ɗan lokaci ko don kafa mazaunin dindindin." Da yake ambaton Dokokin Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Kariya, ya rubuta, "Idan zama ɗan ƙasa yana nufin ƙasa da wannan, ba yana nufin komai ba." Ga mazan Massachusetts da ke ƙoƙarin yin wasan golf, zama ɗan ƙasa ya ƙare ba ma'anar komai ba.
Fiye da shekaru hamsin bayan haka, Kotun ta yanke hukunci Saenz v. Roe, “Ba a samun kalmar ‘tafiya’ a cikin nassin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, amma duk da haka ‘yancin yin tafiya daga wannan jiha zuwa wata jiha yana da ƙarfi a cikin hukunce-hukuncen mu. Wannan haƙƙin ya ɓace ga iyayen New York waɗanda suke son kawo 'ya'yansu zuwa taro tare da abokan karatunsu daga New Jersey.
A cikin 1969, Mai shari'a Stewart ya kira 'yancin yin balaguro "kusan haƙƙin mutum wanda ba shi da wani sharadi, wanda tsarin mulki ya ba mu duka" Shapiro v. Thompson. Duk da haka, a Hawaii, gwamnati ta yi watsi da wannan ƙa'idar kuma ta kafa jihar 'yan sanda.
Yayin da labarai kamar kama wasan golf da tara ga wasannin yara na iya zama kamar ba su da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ɗimbin umarni na Covid, suna wakiltar ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don azabtar da mutane don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na yin tafiye-tafiye cikin 'yanci.
Jama'ar Amurka sun rasa 'yancin walwala na ƙaura a cikin ƙasarsu. Jami'an mu sun aiwatar da zalunci ba tare da ambaton tsarin da ya dace ba.
A taƙaice, waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen sun ba da gudummawa zuwa bala'in tattalin arziki da kuma rikicin jiki da tunani a cikin matasan Amurka.
Bugu da ari, ayyukansu da suka saba wa tsarin mulki gaza a burinsu na ceto rayukan Amurkawa. Nazarin daya samu "Damuwar da aka haifar ta hanyar martani ga Covid-19 - kamar umarnin zama-a-gida, rufewar kasuwanci, wuce gona da iri game da kwayar cutar - za ta lalata aƙalla sau bakwai fiye da rayuwar ɗan adam fiye da yadda za a iya samun ceto ta hanyar kulle-kulle don shawo kan yaduwar cutar."
Komawa Ka'idodin Farko
An yi juyin mulki a wannan ƙasa wanda ya gabatar da kansa ƙarƙashin tutar “lafin lafiyar jama’a.” Manyan dakarun kasarmu - wadanda suka hada da cibiyoyin yada labarai, jami'an da ba a zaba ba, da kuma kamfanoni na kasa da kasa - sun yi aiki tare don warware kariyar tsarin mulkin kasar.
A watan Janairu, 'yan Republican House sun ba da sanarwar shirin kaddamar da wani karamin kwamiti don binciken "Makamai na Gwamnatin Tarayya." Wakilai suna da jama'a goyon bayansu ga shirin binciken ayyukan IRS, CIA, da FBI. Yayi kyau.
Koyaya, kafin masu kare 'yanci ko masu son siyasa suyi gaggawar gano rashin bin doka da oda, yakamata su koma ga ka'idoji na farko: wato, kiyaye Dokar Haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka. Idan babu wannan tsarin, sojojin hegemonic za su sake keta 'yancinmu lokacin da rikici na gaba ya taso.
Wato, kafin mu mai da hankali kan dalilin da ya sa makamin ya faru ko abin da laifuffuka sun faru, ya kamata mu yi la'akari da yadda haƙƙinmu mafi tsayi ya zama ruwan dare har cutar numfashi ta sami damar ba da hujja ga shugabanninmu don cin zarafin 'yan ƙasa mafi dadewa.
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William Spruance lauya ne mai aiki kuma wanda ya kammala digiri na Cibiyar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Georgetown. Ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana a cikin labarin gaba ɗaya nasa ne ba lallai ba ne na ma'aikacinsa.
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