A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2020 Shugaba Trump ya sanya hannu kan wani kunshin tallafin dala tiriliyan 2 wanda, a cewar CNN, ya wuce "kamar yadda jama'ar Amurka da tattalin arzikin Amurka ke yakar mummunar yaduwar Covid-19."
Farfagandar da yawa da hogwash a cikin irin wannan sanarwa mai sauƙi: ra'ayin cewa yaduwar Covid-19 ya kasance "lalata," cewa jama'ar Amurka wani yanki ne na "yaƙar" cutar, cewa tattalin arzikin - maimakon mutanen da ke tafiyar da ita - na iya yaƙar yaduwar cuta. Ba a ma maganar abin da za mu iya yi tare da zuba jarin dala tiriliyan 2 a cikin wani abu banda bala'i na rufe tattalin arzikin gabaɗaya!
A lokacin, na gamsu da yawa wasu masu sassaucin ra'ayi, masu ci gaba dole ne su raba damuwa da damuwata. Tabbas, na yi tunani, abin da na fi so kafin kamuwa da cutar New York Times Marubucin ra'ayi, masanin tattalin arziki Paul Krugman wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel, zai sami wani abu da zai ce game da hauka duka.
Maris 28, 2020 Krugman rubuta:
Kafin Trump ya yi kiransa mai ban tsoro na sake bude kasar ta hanyar Ista, yana da wani kira taro tare da gungun manajojin kuɗi, waɗanda wataƙila sun gaya masa cewa ƙarewar nisantar da jama'a zai yi kyau ga kasuwa. Wannan hauka ne, amma bai kamata ku yi la'akari da kwazon wadannan mutane ba.
Ina karanta wannan hauka, wawa ta tattalin arziki, kiyayyar Trump, na yi kuka. Hawaye na gaske. Idan daya daga cikin mafi bayyane da kuma bikin muryoyin ga zato ci gaban tattalin arziki manufofin ba zai iya gani ta hanyar tsoro, siyasa, da farfagandar bala'in Covid, an halaka mu.
Yanzu, bayan shekaru uku, na sami Toby Green da Thomas Fazi Ijma'in Covid (akwai akan Amazon har zuwa Afrilu 1, 2023) don zama balm ga jijiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi, masu ci gaba. A cikin wannan ƙwararriyar tallafin da aka yi gardama a hankali dole ne a karanta cutar, mai taken Rikicin Duniya kan Dimokuradiyya da Talakawa - Sharhi daga Hagu, Green da Fazi sun tabbatar da cewa:
Ra'ayinmu ne cewa lokacin da aka yi la'akari da wannan tarihin, tare da mummunan tasirin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da siyasa… ba zai yuwu a yi la'akari da kowane bangare na martanin cutar ta kulle-kulle da umarnin allurar a matsayin ci gaba. (shafi na 210)
Littafin Green da Fazi yana da mahimmancin karatu ga waɗanda, kamar Mista Krugman, suka makantar da su Trump-cum-Covid derangement syndrome cewa sun kasa lura da yadda manufofin annoba ke lalata ƙungiyoyi masu rauni waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin bayar da shawarwari.
Idan kuna da abokai ko dangi a cikin ƙungiyar Krugman, ina ba da shawarar aika musu kwafi.
Ina kuma bayar da shawarar sosai Ijma'in Covid ga duk wanda ke son yin ma'ana game da mahaukaci, ɓarna kuma gaba ɗaya martanin cutar da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, illar ta a duniya, da kuma tasirinta a nan gaba.
Daga cikin ɗaruruwan littattafan da suka shafi Covid da labaran da na karanta a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, Ijma'in Covid yana ba da mafi daidaituwa kuma cikakken goyan bayan lissafin abin da martanin cutar ta duniya ya kasance, baya ga yin nazari mai zurfi game da tasirinta ga al'ummomi daban-daban.
Wannan babban ci gaba ne, kuma abin ban mamaki na bincike da haɗa bayanai. The Shafuka 100 na ƙarshen bayanin kula, samuwa a kan layi kyauta, a kansu sun zama albarkatu mai wadata ga masu bincike na kusan kowane bangare na zamanin Covid.
Aikin Green da Fazi yana da sauƙi: Sun tashi don nuna yadda martanin duniya game da ƙwayar cuta, SARS-CoV-2, ya zama "labari ɗaya" na kulle-kulle da umarnin rigakafin. Sannan sun nuna yadda waɗannan manufofin suka yi barna ga yawancin al'ummar duniya.
Yana sauti kai tsaye, amma adadin batutuwa, gaskiya da abubuwan da marubutan suka gudanar don yin magana don tallafawa iƙirarin su abin damuwa ne. Ba tare da ambaton iyakokinsu ba, wanda ya shafi ƙasashe da dama a kusan kowace nahiya.
Idan kun riga kun gamsu kuma kun ba da umarnin littafin, babu buƙatar ƙara karanta wannan bita. Wadannan sune halayena na kaina ga labarin Green da Fazi.
Bayar da Labari
Kafin karantawa Kashi na 1:“The Chronicle of the Political Management of the annoba, "Ina tsammanin ina da kyawawan kayan tarihin Covid daga yawancin watanni na bincike. Duk da haka Green da Fazi sun sami damar tattara bayanan abubuwan da ban sani ba - suna ba da jagora akan batutuwa da yawa waɗanda yanzu nake son yin bincike akai.
Misali: A cikin tattaunawa na yaudarar Mayu 2020 Lancet da kuma New England Journal of Medicine bincike akan hydroxychloroquineLancet) da magungunan zuciya (cardiovascular drugs).NEJM), marubutan sun ba da wannan bayanin na Surgisphere, kamfanin bayanan karya da ke bayan waɗannan binciken:
Ma'aikaciyar da aka jera a matsayin editan kimiyya ya bayyana a matsayin marubucin almarar kimiyya kuma mai zane-zane mai ban sha'awa wanda bayanan ƙwararrunsa ke nuna rubutu shine cikakken aikinta. Wani ma'aikacin da aka jera a matsayin mai gudanarwa na tallace-tallace shine babban samfuri da mai masaukin baki, wanda kuma ke aiki a cikin bidiyo don ƙungiyoyi.
Ban sha'awa! Kuma duk da haka tunda ya tafi kusan gaba ɗaya ba a san shi ba a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun, duk da kasancewar abin da Green da Fazi suka kwatanta daidai da "ɗaya daga cikin manyan abin kunya a tarihin aikin jarida na likita." (shafi na 146)
Ga wani misali: A cikin tattaunawa "labarin kimiyya guda ɗaya" na yadda SARS-CoV-2 ke da kisa da duk bambance-bambancen sa, sun sake ba da labarin:
A watan Fabrairun 2021, likitar Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta fara ba da rahoton bambance-bambancen, Dokta Angelique Coetzee, ta nuna rashin amincewa da cewa gwamnatocin Yammacin Turai sun matsa mata lamba don bayyana bambancin da ya fi yadda yake da gaske, kuma ya ce kada ta kira shi 'mai laushi'. (shafi na 212)
Me yasa a duniya gwamnatoci za su so su kwatanta kwayar cutar da ta fi ta mutuwa? A cikin bincikena na dalilan da ke bayan "labarin kimiyya guda ɗaya," irin wannan bayanin zai iya taimakawa wajen ganowa amsoshi masu ban sha'awa.
Kuma, don misali na ƙarshe, a cikin tattaunawa game da mafi girma a sama don canja wurin dukiya a cikin tarihi, Green da Fazi sun rubuta:
A halin yanzu, a Rotterdam, a cikin Fabrairu 2022 Jeff Bezos ya nemi magajin gari. Mutumin da ya kafa Amazon kuma mafi arziki a duniya ya bukace shi da ya tarwatsa gadar Koningshaven mai tarihi, ta yadda wani babban jirgin ruwa da ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 500 da ya gina a kusa zai iya fita zuwa teku. An sake gina gadar ne tsakanin shekarar 2014 zuwa 2017, inda a nan ne hukumomin yankin suka yi alkawarin ba za a sake taba ta ba. Har yanzu, gadar ta yi tsayi da yawa don jirgin ruwa ya wuce - kuma Bezos, wanda dukiyarsa ta karu da dala biliyan 37 tsakanin Maris 2020 da Mayu 2022, yana ba da kuɗin biyansa. Magajin gari ya bi bukatar Bezos (ko umarnin). (shafi na 314)
Rikodin Lalacewar
Labarin Bezos yana kwatanta tasirin cutar ta duniya, kamar yadda Green da Fazi suka taƙaita:
…Masu arziƙin duniya sun tara jari mai yawa, yayin da matalautan suka lalace. A halin yanzu, an shredded masana'antar zamantakewa. A duk faɗin duniya damuwa da tashin hankali na kulle-kulle sun sami ƙaruwa mai yawa na cin zarafi na cikin gida da jima'i, yayin da waɗanda abin ya shafa ke tsare tare da masu cin zarafi. Tasirin yana mayar da baya ga ci gaba zuwa daidaiton jinsi na shekaru da yawa. (shafi na 286)
Kada mu ƙyale waɗannan mummunan sakamako su ƙyale cikin baƙin ciki na manta da gangan wanda ya riga ya lulluɓe mu, Green da Fazi sun ba da Sashe na II na littafin su zuwa "Tasirin zamantakewa da Tattalin Arziki na Gudanar da Cutar."
Zaɓin misali ɗaya kawai yana da wahala, amma ga abin da suke ba da rahoto game da illar da cutar ta haifar a ƙasashen Afirka:
Tuni dai kasashen Afirka ke fama da dimbin basussukan kasashen waje, amma hadewar rugujewar kayayyaki da kayayyaki da kuma kudaden da ake fitarwa daga kasashen Afirka a kasashe masu tasowa ya yi matukar tasiri ga dimbin basussukan da nahiyar ke fuskanta. An gane wannan tun da farko, amma duk da haka an fara doguwar tafiya don kulle-kullen - kuma ba a yarda kowa ya yi tambaya ba ko wannan bai kasance mummunan kuskuren manufofin sama-sama na 'mulkin duniya' ba. (shafi na 332)
Na sami tattaunawa game da yadda martanin bala'in da yammacin turai ya mamaye Afirka musamman mai raɗaɗi, tare da tunawa da zanga-zangar da Sarauniyar Amurika ta yi. Deborah Birx, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da buƙatun Afirka kawai a zuciya:
"Ina son Afirka da mutanen PEPFAR [Shirin Ba da Agajin Gaggawa na Shugabancin Amurka don Taimakon AIDS]," ta rubuta Shiru Mamaye, ta bayyanar cutar amai da gudawa,
Amma ko da tare da gagarumin tallafin da ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Amurka, suka ba da don inganta tsarin kiwon lafiyarta, yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na ɗaya daga cikin sassan duniya da ke fama da rauni. A duk faɗin yankin, har yanzu muna fama da cutar HIV, tarin fuka, da zazzabin cizon sauro kuma duk wata sabuwar barazana da za ta addabi yankin barazana ce ga ci gaban aikinmu da kuma mutanen da muke yi wa hidima. (Kindle, shafi na 26)
Eh, Dr. Birx, Afirka kudu da hamadar sahara na da matukar rauni. To ta yaya manufofinku suka taimaki nahiyar da kuma mutanen da kuke ikirarin cewa suna so sosai? Green and Fazi rahoton:
A duk faɗin Afirka, ƙuntatawa na Covid, yana ƙaruwa cikin bashi, kuma rufewar ilimi ya sauya ci gaban shekaru da yawa na magance rashin daidaiton jinsi - yayin da aka ba da jinginar lafiyar yanzu da na gaba don biyan wata sabuwar ƙwayar cuta wacce ba ta da mahimmanci a nahiyar. Ba kawai an sami karuwar auren yara, karuwanci da rashin zuwa makaranta ba, har ma a samun damar samun kulawar lafiya. (shafi na 335)
Sun kammala: “Yana da wuya a fahimci halakar da yawa… Duk da sunan ‘lafin duniya’ (shafi na 336)
Nazarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki
Yin ma'anar lalata shine inda na samu Ijma'in Covid don zama mafi tsokana, kuma ina fata Green da Fazi za su rubuta littafi na gaba don zurfafa bincike a ciki. Batun, kamar yadda suke tattaunawa a babi na ƙarshe, "Da'a & Aiki na Jari-Hujja," shi ne.
Rashin daidaito, ƙarfin lissafi, yaƙe-yaƙe na bayanai, da kuma sauye-sauye zuwa nau'ikan tsarin jari-hujja a duk faɗin duniya duk sun kasance suna haɓaka tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma martani ga cutar ta Covid-19 ta ga babban ci gaba a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin.
Binciken su, wanda na sami gaskiya mai zurfi kuma yana da matukar damuwa, an fi taƙaita shi a cikin wannan maɓalli mai mahimmanci (Yana da tsayi, amma yana da kyau a karanta a hankali):
Ra'ayinmu shi ne cewa rikice-rikice masu zurfi waɗanda aka fallasa a cikin akidun siyasar Yammacin Turai a zamanin SARS-CoV-2 sun fito ne daga al'ummar da ta zo ta riƙe imani da dabi'u marasa daidaituwa. Daya shi ne imani da gaggawar yaki da barnar muhalli, wanda ya sabawa gaskiyar al'ummar da aka kafa kan yawan jama'a da kuma lalata muhalli da ke tare da ita (wanda ke nufin galibi ana sayar da 'mafi' magance matsalolin muhalli a matsayin wani nau'i na amfani). Wani kuma shi ne tsarin 'kasuwa kyauta' wanda ke daraja kanana da matsakaitan 'yan kasuwa, wanda ya sabawa ikon tattarawa na duniya mai kwarin gwiwa da ke karfafa manyan 'yan kasuwa kamar Amazon da Facebook. Sa'an nan kuma akwai karuwar tasirin tsarin tsarin jari-hujja na kasar Sin, wanda bai dace da duk wani imani mai zurfi na 'yanci ba - amma wanda bai hana duk wani mai sassaucin ra'ayi tara kayayyakin da ake samarwa a masana'antun kasar Sin da yanayin aiki mai ban tsoro ba. Kuma a karshe akwai wata kila akwai sabani mai zurfi na kowa, tsakanin imanin cewa tsarin jari-hujja na dimokuradiyya ya ba da wadata ga jama'a da kuma gaskiyar shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, wanda ya gamu da mummunar lalacewar gata na tsakiyar yammacin Turai. (shafi na 376)
Ba Ka'idar Maƙarƙashiya ba
A cikin ba da labarin, bayar da rahoton sakamakon da kuma nazarin mahallin tarihi na martanin cutar ta duniya, Green da Fazi sun yi ta yin la'akari da da'awar da aka saba amfani da su don bata sunan labarun karya a kwanakin nan: Ka'idar makirci ce!
A'a, suna yin bayanin lallashi, ba haka ba:
Wasu… suna ganin daidaita karfin tattalin arzikin duniya kamar makirci ne, amma a ganinmu wannan kuskure ne: wannan shine kawai yadda karfin tattalin arzikin ke aiki don kiyayewa, mai da hankali, da bunkasa kansa, kuma koyaushe yana da. Hakika, irin wannan dabi'ar jari ce ta tattara kanta da haifar da rashin daidaito da yawa wanda marubuta da masu fafutuka daga hagu suka nemi a tarihi. (shafi na 29)
Musamman ma, sun bayyana girman rawar da Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates ta taka da sauran "tushen sadaka" a cikin martanin Covid na duniya a matsayin "philanthrocapitalism:"
… tsarin jari-hujja, tushen kasuwa, hanyar riba don warware manyan batutuwan duniya da matsi. Wannan wata hanya ce da mutane da yawa ke ganin an tsara ta ne don dacewa da bukatu da muradun manyan attajirai da kamfanoni na duniya, amma kuma ba wani makarkashiya ba ne a lura da cewa moriyar babban birnin kasar ta tsara kansu don shigar da karagar mulki - wannan wani tsari ne da ya shafe shekaru aru-aru yana aiki. (shafi na 158)
Ga duk Paul Krugmans da ke can, waɗanda suka yi imanin kulle-kulle da umarnin rigakafin ba kawai dole ba ne amma kuma suna da ingantacciyar sakamako fiye da mummunan sakamako, Ijma'in Covid yana ba da kiran farkawa mai hankali.
Idan ba mu haɗa kai don tarwatsawa da maye gurbin tsarin tsarin jari-hujja ba wanda ya ƙaddara martanin cutar, za mu fuskanci mummunan makoma da gaske.
-
Debbie Lerman, 2023 Brownstone Fellow, yana da digiri a Turanci daga Harvard. Ita marubuciyar kimiyya ce mai ritaya kuma ƙwararren mai fasaha a Philadelphia, PA.
Duba dukkan posts
