Takaddama a cikin kimiyya yana nunawa ta nau'i-nau'i masu yawa: yin watsi da, nesanta kansu, neman uzuri, fifiko, yin shiru - koyaushe da sunan kimiyya mai tsauri, ba shakka. Na ba da misalai a nan waɗanda na ɗauka a matsayin tauhidi game da sukar da za su iya lalata labarin "lafiya da inganci" maganin rigakafin Covid.
Misalai na su ne "wasiƙu zuwa ga edita" guda uku, tsarin da ke ba wa masana kimiyya da ba a so su yi sharhi game da labarin da aka buga. An ƙaddamar da shi ga manyan jaridun likita guda uku, waɗannan wasiƙun sun shafi nazarin daga Isra'ila game da tasirin maganin Pfizer. Idan an karɓa don bugawa, a mafi yawan lokuta an nemi marubutan su ba da amsa. An ƙi duk wasiƙun guda uku.
Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a nuna ƙira ta ƙaramin jerin haruffan da aka ƙi. Saƙonnin ƙin yarda sun ƙunshi rubutu na tukunyar jirgi kawai, kuma masu gyara suna samun kariya ta wata hujja mai ma'ana: Suna buƙatar yin zaɓi mai wahala, saboda ƙaddamarwa da yawa. Shawarar son zuciya? Taba!
Duk da haka, yanke shawara na edita ba su da cikakkiyar kariya daga sa ido. Wasu masana kimiyya za su iya yin la'akari da cancantar wasiƙar da aka ƙi, da kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar maƙiyi, kuma: Shin haruffana suna da daraja ko babba akan ma'aunin cancanta? Shin suna tayar da ƙananan batutuwa ko manyan batutuwa? Hankalinsu ba daidai ba ne ko mai ƙarfi? Da an ƙi su duka, ko kuma - yakamata wani daga cikinsu an ƙaryata su?
Tace ko a'a?
Za ku zama alƙali.
Harafi na farko (The New England Journal of Medicine, Maris 2021)
Wannan wasiƙa ce mai sakin layi ɗaya, tana yin tambaya mai sauƙi game da illolin biyu na allurar Pfizer, waɗanda ba a ba da rahotonsu a cikin labarin ba. Duk sauran shakku game da mahimmancin wannan tambayar zai ɓace bayan karanta wasiƙar da aka ƙi ta ƙarshe.
Ga Editan:
Mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da COVID tana ƙarƙashin rarrabuwar kawuna kamar yadda asibiti mai alaƙa da COVID. Saboda haka, binciken Dagan et al. (1) akan illolin mRNA COVID-19 Alurar rigakafin yakamata ya ƙunshi mahimman mahimman abubuwan ƙarshe guda biyu: duk sanadin mutuwa da kowane asibiti.
Yana da matukar mahimmanci a san sakamakon waɗannan nazarin.
References:
- Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E et al. BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Alurar rigakafi a cikin Saitin Alurar riga kafi na Ƙasa baki ɗaya. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1412–23
[Maganar editan kan “labarin Balicer” magana ce (wanda ba a saba gani ba) ga marubucin ƙarshe, maimakon na farko..]
Harafi na biyu (The Lancet, Oktoba 2021)
Wannan ya fi fasaha, yana buƙatar wasu ilimin hanyoyin bincike. Duk da haka, ainihin ra'ayin yana da sauƙi: ya kamata marubuta su bi ka'idodin tsarin su. Da yawa don tambaya?
Ga Editan:
Binciken da Barda da abokan aiki suka yi na kashi na uku na rigakafin BNT162b2[1] ya ware abubuwan da suka faru a cikin kwanaki shida na farko na biyo baya. Marubutan sun tsara binciken “domin yin koyi da gwajin da aka yi niyya”, amma labarin dabarar da suka kawo[2] (wanda marubucin labarin Barda ya rubuta) baya kiran ware abubuwan farko. Akasin haka, "Tare da bayanan lura, hanya mafi kyau don yin koyi da sifilin lokaci na gwajin da aka yi niyya shine a ayyana sifilin lokaci don zama lokacin da mutumin da ya cancanta ya fara dabarun jiyya."[2] Menene ƙididdigar lokacin da aka haɗa duk abubuwan da suka faru?
Ko da yake an daidaita ƙungiyoyin binciken a hankali, ba za a taɓa keɓanta ra'ayi mai ruɗani ba a cikin binciken kallo. Wata hanya don gano irin wannan son zuciya tana amfani da “masu sarrafa mara kyau”, kamar yadda wani mawallafin labarin Barda ya yi bayani dalla-dalla.[3] A taƙaice, masu bincike sun ƙiyasta tasirin sa baki akan sakamakon da ake sa ran tasirin zai zama banza. Idan ƙididdigewa ba ta ƙare ba, ƙila za ta iya kasancewa ga sakamakon sha'awa. Misali, "alurar riga-kafi na mura yana "kariya" daga rauni ko kwantar da hankali a asibiti… ana fassara shi azaman shaida cewa wasu kariya da aka samu na asibiti na ciwon huhu/mura ko mace-mace ya faru ne saboda rashin isassun rudani."[3]
Yana da sauƙi a yi amfani da hanyar zuwa binciken Barda da abokan aiki:[1] Menene kiyasin tasirin kashi na uku na maganin alurar riga kafi akan mutuwar da ba COVID ba, kirga mace-mace kamar na rana ɗaya? Ba komai bane kamar yadda ake tsammani? Abin lura, a cikin bincike na baya-bayan nan rigakafin COVID-19 ya nuna “kariya” mara tsammani daga mace-macen da ba COVID-4 ba.[XNUMX]
References:
- Barda N, Dagan N, Cohen C et al. Ingancin kashi na uku na rigakafin BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 don hana sakamako mai tsanani a cikin Isra'ila: binciken kallo. Lancet, Oktoba 29, 2021 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02249-2
- Hernan MA, Robins JM. Yin amfani da manyan bayanai don yin koyi da gwajin da aka yi niyya lokacin da ba a samu gwajin da aka yi ba. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183(8): 758–64
- Lipsitch M, Tchetgen Tchetgen E. Epidemiology. 2010;21(3):383–388
- Xu S, Huang R, Sy LS, et al. Rikicin COVID-19 da Rashin-COVID-19 Haɗarin Mutuwa - Ƙungiyoyin Kula da Lafiya Bakwai, Amurka, Disamba 14, 2020-Yuli 31, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:1520-1524.
Wasika ta uku (Jarida ta Likitan Burtaniya, Yuni 2022)
An gabatar da wannan wasika a matsayin "Amsa mai sauri” zuwa wani labari, Babu ƙayyadaddun lokaci don ƙaddamar da wasiƙa a cikin tsari mai saurin amsawa.
Take: Nazarin tasiri na allurar rigakafi daga Isra'ila ya sha wahala daga mummunan rabe-rabe na ƙarshen mace-mace
Editan Edita,
Nazarin "Ainihin Duniya" daga Isra'ila game da tasirin rigakafin rigakafin mutuwa daga COVID sun dogara ne akan rarrabuwa a hukumance na sanadin mutuwa yayin yaƙin neman zaɓe.[1, 2] Yanzu muna da tabbataccen shaida cewa waɗannan binciken sun sha wahala daga 50% kuskure na ƙarshen mace-mace.
Ofishin Kididdiga na Tsakiyar Isra'ila (CBS) ya kiyasta yawan mace-mace da mutuwar COVID a lokuta daban-daban. Tsakanin Disamba 2020 da Maris 2021 - yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko - ma'aikatar lafiya ta ba da rahoton mutuwar COVID 3,298 a Isra'ila, amma CBS ta kiyasta mutuwar 1,641 kawai. Za a iya samun jadawali na CBS da tebur a wani wuri.[3]
[Ba za ku iya haɗa adadi a cikin Amsa da sauri ba. Na samar da shi a nan, don dacewa.]
A bayyane yake, rabin mutuwar COVID da aka ruwaito a wancan lokacin ba COVID ne ya haifar da su ba. Sun kasance wani ɓangare na asalin mace-macen hunturu a cikin Isra'ila, ba su ƙididdige yawan mace-mace ba, kuma rigakafin COVID ba zai iya hana su ba. Don haka, waɗancan nazarin “duniya ta gaske” game da tasirin rigakafin sun kasance ƙarƙashin ƙarancin rarrabuwar kawuna na ƙarshen mace-mace, kuma wataƙila irin wannan ɓarna na ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshen kamar COVID mai tsanani da asibiti na COVID. Kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin wani martani da ya gabata Retsef Levi da Avi Wohl, [4] kuskuren ƙila ya bambanta (dangane da matsayin rigakafin).
Shin masu bita za su goyi bayan bugawa, da sun san shi a lokacin?
References:
- Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E et al. BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Alurar rigakafi a cikin Saitin Alurar riga kafi na Ƙasa baki ɗaya. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1412–23
- Hass, EJ, Angulo, FJ, McLaughlin, JM. da al. Tasiri da ingancin rigakafin mRNA BNT162b2 game da cututtukan SARS-CoV-2 da cututtukan COVID-19, asibitoci, da kuma mace-mace sakamakon yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa baki ɗaya a Isra'ila: nazarin lura ta amfani da bayanan sa ido na ƙasa, Lancet, 2021; 397:1819-29
- Alurar riga kafi na Pfizer da mace-macen COVID: kira don janye wallafe-wallafe daga Isra'ila
- Covid-19: Alurar rigakafin Pfizer BioNTech ta rage lokuta da kashi 94% a cikin Isra'ila, ya nuna binciken da aka yi bita
Jaridar Likitan Burtaniya ba ta sanar da marubuta game da kin amincewa da “Amsa Mai Sauri ba”. A ƙasa akwai ɓangaren saƙon tukunyar jirgi lokacin da aka karɓi wasiƙa.
Isasshen lokaci ya wuce. Ba a buga wasikar a kan layi ba. (Amsoshin da aka buga kawai za a iya zaɓar don buga mujallar.)
Haruffa uku. Mujallu guda uku. Uku kin amincewa.
Tace ko a'a? Shin jaridun likita sun bambanta da kafafen yada labarai masu son zuciya?
Shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka wuce na buga labari a cikin Jaridar Likitanci ta Burtaniya inda na soki yadda aka yi wa wasiƙun da aka aika wa editan.
Babu wani abu da ya canza. Ana ci gaba da watsi da wasiƙu ba tare da fayyace ba, batun batun, hujja. Editoci na iya ci gaba da yin watsi da duk wani da'awar yanke hukunci.
Amma yanzu muna da intanet. Ba dole ba ne a binne wasiƙun da aka ƙi su har abada, kuma ana iya yanke hukunci a kan hukunce-hukuncen edita a cikin jama'a, kamar shari'ar nan. Watakila wata rana ma za mu sami mujallar kan layi, da takwarorinsu suka yi nazari mai suna Jaridar Wasiƙun da Aka ƙi. Na tabbata masu gyara za su gwammace kada a fito da su a wurin.
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Dokta Eyal Shahar farfesa ne a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a fannin cututtukan cututtuka da kididdiga. Binciken nasa yana mayar da hankali ne akan ilimin cututtuka da kuma hanyoyin. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Dr. Shahar ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga hanyoyin bincike, musamman a fannin zane-zane da kuma son zuciya.
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