Adadin masu kashe kansa da kuma kisa fiye da kima na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya mata ya haɗu da hauhawar cututtuka, nakasa, da mata masu barin sashin. Har yanzu ba a san jimlar kuɗin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin ma'aikata a cikin yanke ƙauna ba. Ragi na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya miliyan 10 (wanda kashi 80-90% mata ne) WHO ta yi hasashen zuwa 2030 kuma yana da matukar damuwa.
Lokacin da lafiyar masu kula da lafiyar jama'a ke cikin haɗari, dukkanin jama'a da tattalin arziki suna cikin haɗari. Wannan lamari ne na gaggawa na sikelin da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba wanda ke buƙatar kulawa a matakin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a mafi girma. Dan Adam da abinci mai gina jiki a maimakon likitanci a matsayin dabarun magancewa suna buƙatar dawowa cikin gaggawa a fannin kiwon lafiya.
Gargaɗi mai ban tsoro daga Ma'aikatan Lafiya a cikin Bacin rai
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya lura da mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansa da kuma haɗarin haɗarin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a tsakanin mata a cikin kiwon lafiya ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a (1-10). Ba likitocin mata ba ne kawai, amma haɗarin ya fi girma ga ma'aikatan jinya da sauran ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, musamman ga waɗanda ke da mafi ƙarancin albashi da aikin tunani da na zahiri waɗanda aka fi shimfidawa zuwa iyaka (7). A duk duniya cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata dubban ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu ko kuma wuce gona da iri wanda ya bar dangi, abokai, da wurin aiki cikin kaduwa da bakin ciki.
Kashe kai da cutar da kai suna da tsadar rayuwa da tattalin arziki (12). An ƙididdige mutuwar mutum ɗaya ta hanyar kashe kansa a Burtaniya don yin asarar tattalin arzikin kusan fam miliyan 1.46 (13). A cikin 2022 fiye da ma'aikatan jinya 360 ne suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu, kuma kwararrun likitoci 72 sun kashe kansu a cikin 2020 a Burtaniya kamar yadda bayanai daga Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa suka nuna. Binciken bayanan mace-mace daga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka daga 2007 zuwa 2018 ya gano kashe kansa 2,374 tsakanin ma'aikatan jinya, 857 tsakanin likitoci, da 156,141 a cikin yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, adadin wadanda suka mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa ko kuma kisa ba a ba da rahoto sosai ba. Hukumar ta WHO ta ba da rahoton cewa sama da kashi 50% na masu kashe kansu suna faruwa ne a ƙasa da shekaru 50 (14). Don magance wannan nauyin da za a iya kaucewa, kyakkyawar fahimtar dabarun inganci da mara amfani yana da mahimmanci.
Tun kafin barkewar cutar ta Covid ta fara mata a cikin kiwon lafiya sun ba da rahoton manyan matsalolin wuraren aiki (9-11, 15-16). Shekaru hudun da suka gabata sun kara yin illa ga lafiyar mata. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga waɗancan matan da ke aiki a matsayin masu sahun gaba da masu ba da amsa na farko a cikin yanayi masu tsananin damuwa. Ƙarfafa rikiɗar kulawa, ƙarancin ma'aikata, tsawon lokacin aiki, ƙarin ayyuka na hukuma, rauni na ɗabi'a, raguwar ƴancin kai, rashin ikon yanke shawara, da ƙananan ayyuka suna ɗaukar nauyi akan lafiyarsu.
Haka kuma, mata kan fuskanci ƙalubale masu tsauri a wurin aiki da kuma a gida kamar ƙalubalen da aka kafa don ci gaban sana'a da ƙarin matsin lamba ga aikin gida ta hanyar zama mai kula da yara da/ko iyaye akai-akai (9). A duk sassan duniya ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna cikin haɗarin tashin hankali tare da 8-38% suna fama da wani nau'in tashin hankali a cikin ayyukansu. A cikin 2023 a karon farko a tarihi, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 75,000 a Amurka sun shiga yajin aiki (17).
Mata suna yawan kamuwa da ƙonawa, babban ɓacin rai, Ciwon Matsala na Matsala, ME/CFS, da Dogon Covid. Dogon Covid ya fi yawa a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya (11,18-20). Wadannan cututtukan cututtuka na cututtuka na yau da kullum suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da yawa waɗanda aka sani don haɓaka haɗarin tunanin kashe kansa, yunƙurin kashe kansa, da ƙarewar kashe kansa fiye da aiki da kafa abubuwan haɗari kamar yanayin tattalin arziki da ilimi (7-8,20-24).
Annobar Tashin Hankali da Matsi
Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna ƙoƙari su ɓoye alamun su ta hanyar tura kansu zuwa aiki duk da matsanancin zafi, gajiya, rashin daidaituwa na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, gajiya, da kuma bakin ciki na rashin iya isar da ingancin kulawar marasa lafiya. Kasancewa da damuwa kuma tare da rashin ma'aikata na dogon lokaci, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da wuya su ɗauki lokaci don cin abinci mai gina jiki.
Mutane da yawa sun zama rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma rashin barci. Matsakaicin bambance-bambance a cikin neman taimako da samun damar kiwon lafiya na iya bayyana a cikin rashin amfani da magungunan likitanci a tsakanin wasu ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, wanda ke da tasiri ga amincin ma'aikata da walwala (25). Yawancin magungunan da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ke amfani da su na iya zama waɗanda ba a rubuta su ba kuma ba a lura da su ba (1-8, 23).
Cocktails masu guba: Haɗari ga Lafiyar Mata
Kisan kai tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya yakan faru a wurin aiki. Hanyar kashe kansa da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce kiba ko guba (1-8). Sabbin bincike sun nuna cewa yawancin abubuwan da suka wuce kima suna haifar da magungunan tabin hankali da magunguna da yawa a cikin tsarin su. Gudanar da haɗin gwiwar magungunan rage damuwa da opioids da gangan ko rashin shiri ya zama ruwan dare. Mata sun fi yawan rubutawa kuma suna shan magunguna kamar maganin rage damuwa da maganin hana haihuwa kuma da alama sun fi maza hankali kuma suna fuskantar illar miyagun ƙwayoyi fiye da maza. Ma'amalar Pharmacokinetic na iya ƙara haɓakawa da tsananin tasirin sakamako na antidepressants (27-28).
Nazarin ya nuna yiwuwar sakamako masu illa na magungunan ƙwaƙwalwa da opioids kamar rashin barci, ƙonawa, gajiya, damuwa, zafi, da tunanin kashe kansa (21-25). Haɗarin mutuwar kisa da ke tattare da opioid ya kusan sau biyu mafi girma daga ma'aikatan tallafi na kiwon lafiya kamar ma'aikatan jinya da mataimakan lafiyar gida idan aka kwatanta da sauran ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a sashin (7).
Ma'amala da illolin amfani da magunguna da yawa da yawa ba a san su ba. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga mata saboda yawancin magungunan da ba a yi wa mata kyau ba. Wasu magungunan na iya samun sakamako masu illa fiye da kowane fa'ida kamar yadda ya kasance ga magungunan psychotropic (26). Haka kuma, an ba da rahoton hulɗar magungunan psychotropic tare da ikon rigakafi da rigakafin Covid-19 mRNA (17).
Bugu da ƙari, matakan cutar sankara waɗanda aka ba da izini ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ciki har da sanya abin rufe fuska na dogon lokaci (tare da yuwuwar shakar guba) da maimaita rigakafin Covid-19 tare da mata waɗanda ke ba da rahoton illa fiye da maza (30-31) na iya haifar da haɗarin haɗari. Littattafan baya-bayan nan sun sha ba da rahoton wani nauyi na duniya na rashin zuwa da ke da alaƙa da illar rigakafin rigakafin cutar ta Covid-19 wanda zai iya yin tasiri mara kyau ga tsarin kiwon lafiya da cutar da kulawar haƙuri (32-33).
Magani a matsayin Dabarun Magancewa
A lokacin bala'in cutar, takardar sayan magungunan kashe-kashe da kuma amfani da wasu magungunan kan-kan-da-kai kamar acetaminophen (paracetamol) wanda galibi ana shawarce shi don rage tasirin maganin alurar riga kafi, ya girma sosai. Ko da yake ba shi da lahani a cikin ƙananan allurai, acetaminophen yana da tasirin hanta kai tsaye lokacin da aka sha shi a cikin abin da ya wuce kima ko haɗuwa mara kyau kuma yana iya haifar da gazawar hanta. Yawan wuce gona da iri na haɗari ko ba da gangan ba yana faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke yin azumi, ko kuma suna fama da rashin lafiya tare da rashin lafiya na lokaci ɗaya, shaye-shaye, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ko kuma suna da cututtukan hanta na yau da kullun (34).
Acetominophen (kayan guda ɗaya ko haɗin haɗin gwiwa) yana ɗaya daga cikin magungunan da aka fi amfani da su a Amurka tare da allunan biliyan 25 da aka sayar a cikin 2016. Ana sa ran cewa maganin cututtukan rauni da haɓakar rashin lafiya na yau da kullun zai haifar da tallace-tallacen kasuwa daga dala biliyan 9.8 a 2022 zuwa dala biliyan 15.2 a cikin 2033. Duk da haka, bayan rahoton ya nuna 8,700 na asibiti tare da ciwon hanta. 2019-2020 tare da haɓakar haɓakawa tsakanin mata, mai kula da magunguna na Australiya yana la'akari da hani kan wanda zai iya siyan paracetamol (35). A Sweden, an hana sayar da acetaminophen a manyan kantuna a cikin 2015 bayan sun sami hawan hawan sama. Ƙara yawan amfani da kan-kan-kananan magunguna da magungunan da aka sarrafa na iya haifar da haɓakar gazawar hanta.
Ana buƙatar fahimtar yiwuwar cutar da ba za a iya jurewa ba da gangan tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da jama'a, saboda an ƙaddamar da sabbin magunguna da alluran rigakafi da yawa tun bayan barkewar cutar.
Satar Miyagun Kwayoyi Da Karkatar Da Su
Damuwar aiki da ƙonawa na aiki sun haɗu da haɗarin haɗari ga rashin amfani da opioid wanda hakan na iya ƙara haɗarin wuce gona da iri. Wadanda ke ba da izini ko ba da magani suna da shirye-shiryen samun damar yin amfani da opioids da sauran magungunan da aka sarrafa. Satar miyagun ƙwayoyi da karkatar da magungunan da ake sarrafawa a asibitoci da gidajen kulawa da alama sun haɓaka a duk duniya, suna kawo ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da marasa lafiya cikin haɗari (36-38). Shan magungunan magani a wurin aiki, kusan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 100 an kori a Netherlands. Haka kuma, matsalolin rashin ma'aikata a cikin sashin kiwon lafiya na Dutch sun gabatar da yin amfani da takaddun shaida na karya tare da mutane daga hanyoyin sadarwar miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba suna shiga ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna tura tsarin zuwa ƙarin kurakurai da gazawa (39).
Ƙara yawan damuwa a wurin aiki da kuma yawan lokutan dare a jere sun ba da gudummawar karuwar 70% na satar magani. Kusan kashi 50% na magungunan kwantar da hankali da barci ba a kai su ga marasa lafiya da ke jefa su cikin haɗari don ingantaccen magani ko gurɓatawa da kurakurai (40). Amfani da muggan ƙwayoyi na iya zama a hankali a hankali ya zama abin sha'awa kuma dacewa da tsarin jurewa. Kodayake ƙwararru sau da yawa suna tunanin sanin maganin na iya sarrafa amfani da su, dogaro na iya haɓaka sannu a hankali. Yawancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya marasa lafiya suna jin laifi da yanke ƙauna kuma suna fama da matsalolin jiki da na tunani kuma suna iya zama ba ruwansu da haɗarin wuce gona da iri (38)
Komawa ga Dan Adam a cikin Kiwon lafiya
Matsalar hauhawar mutuwar kwatsam (wanda ba a yi niyya ba) na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ya zo ne a kan tushen karuwar ganyen rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, nakasu na dindindin, da dubunnan dubunnan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke barin sashin, suna zabar ayyukan da ba su da wahala da samun ingantacciyar albashi.
Wannan wata alama ce da ba a taɓa ganin irinta ba daga mata masu sadaukarwa don ba sa son yin aiki a cikin yanayi mai guba da damuwa tare da ƙarancin ayyuka masu wahala ga marasa lafiya da yawa. Tsarin kiwon lafiya yana fuskantar ƙarin ƙimar kuskuren asibiti da bayyanar alhaki yayin da mummunan tasiri ga gamsuwar haƙuri da sunan ƙungiya. Wannan na iya tasowa zuwa wani bala'i lokacin da Jami'an Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ba su ɗauki alhakin canjin da ake buƙata ba don tabbatar da cewa ma'aikata suna da kayan aiki da albarkatun da ake buƙata don juyawa.
Lokaci mai wuya na iya zama mai kyau lokacin da manyan kamfanoni da kamfanonin inshora suka fara amincewa da ra'ayin cewa ingancin kulawa da suna yana farawa da lafiya, ma'aikata masu biyan kuɗi, daidaiton jinsi, da yanayin aiki da zabar ɗan adam da abinci mai kyau. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya mai mahimmancin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki wanda aka mamaye don jagorantar mutane zuwa lafiya da aiki zai zama nasara ga kowa.
lura:
An buga taƙaitaccen sigar wannan labarin azaman amsa mai sauri a cikin Jaridar Likita ta Burtaniya akan Janairu 23 2025.
Peeters C. Ƙara yawan kashe kansa na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya mata: alamar yawan mutanen da ke cikin haɗari Sake: Don samun Biritaniya aiki muna buƙatar samun Biritaniya lafiya. https://www.bmj.com/content/388/bmj.r76/rr
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- Aartsen C. Drugshandelaren da plofkrakers op grot Schaal actief in de zorg. SKIPR 5 Nuwamba 2024
- Verdel R, kwayar cutar Zorgpersoneel. Zoveel nachtdiensten yana da niet vol te houden. NOS 12 Disamba 2024. https://nos.nl/nieuwsuur/artikel/2548094-zorgpersoneel-pikt-pillen-zoveel-nachtdiensten-niet-vol-te-houden.
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Carla Peeters ita ce ta kafa kuma darektan gudanarwa na COBALA Kyakkyawan Kulawa yana jin daɗi. Ita ce Shugaba na wucin gadi kuma mai ba da shawara kan dabarun don ƙarin lafiya da iya aiki a wurin aiki. Gudunmawarta ta mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi masu lafiya, jagora zuwa ingantacciyar kulawa da jiyya masu tsada waɗanda ke haɗa abinci mai gina jiki da salon rayuwa a cikin magani. Ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin rigakafi daga sashen likitanci na Utrecht, ta karanci Kimiyyar Halittu a Jami’ar Wageningen da Bincike, sannan ta yi kwas na tsawon shekaru hudu a fannin Ilimin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Halittu tare da kware a kan binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na likitanci da bincike. Ta bi shirye-shiryen zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwancin London, INSEAD da Makarantar Kasuwancin Nyenrode.
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