Haɗu da ainihin "Masu Maƙarƙashiyar Maƙarƙashiya," Ronald Reagan da membobin Majalisar 99th, waɗanda, a cikin 1986, suka shiga cikin doka "ɓataccen bayanin likita" cewa alluran rigakafin sun kasance "marasa lafiya" kuma suna iya haifar da Autism.
A makon da ya gabata Sanata Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) ya aika da Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., wanda Shugaba Trump ya zaba a matsayin Sakataren Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a, wata wasika mai zafi da ta zarge shi da, a cikin wasu abubuwa, "ra'ayoyi masu haɗari game da kare lafiyar alurar rigakafi" da kuma "ƙaryacin ƙarya wanda allurar rigakafi ke haifar da autism." Wasikar ta hada da tambayoyi 175 da ta ce ya kamata ya shirya amsa a zaman sa na tabbatar da majalisar dattawa. Amma a cikin wasiƙar ta, ta fallasa jahilcinta game da manufofin rigakafi na tarayya da kuma dokokin da reshenta na majalisar ya zartar.
A cikin 1986 Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da Dokar Rauni ta Yara ta Ƙasa (42 USC §§ 300aa-1 zuwa 300aa-34) ta hanyar jefa kuri'a. Sanata Warren ya kamata ya san cewa Shugaban marasa rinjaye na Majalisar Dattawa Sanata Chuck Schumer (D-NY) a lokacin, memba ne na Majalisar kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da cewa dokar da aka zartar don ba wa masu yin rigakafin alhaki kariya daga iƙirarin farar hula lokacin da aka kashe yaro ko kuma ya ji masa rauni ta hanyar alurar riga kafi, kuma ya sanya duk allurar rigakafin da aka ba wa yara a cikin sashin doka na "ba tare da kariya ba, wanda ke nufin samfurin lafiya wanda ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.
A cikin 2018, Mary Holland, JD, sannan darektan shirin nazarin shari'a na Graduate Legal a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar New York, kuma yanzu Babban Jami'in Tsaron Lafiya na Yara, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce Kennedy ta kafa, ta yi tsokaci kan matsayin doka na amincin alluran rigakafin:
Maɓallin harshe game da illolin "marasa yuwuwa" ya fito ne daga Dokar Rauni ta Yara ta Ƙasa, 42 USC 300aa-22, alhakin masu sana'a (duba m rubutu a ƙasa).
Wannan yaren ya dogara ne akan yare daga Maidowa na Biyu na Torts (wani doka ta malaman azabtarwa), waɗanda galibin kotunan jihohi suka karɓa a tsakiyar shekarun 1960, waɗanda suka ɗauki duk alluran rigakafin a matsayin samfuran “marasa lafiya”. Restatement ya yanke shawarar cewa irin waɗannan samfuran, “an shirya su yadda ya kamata, kuma tare da ingantattun kwatance da faɗakarwa, ba su da lahani, kuma ba su da haɗari marar ma’ana.”
Ƙarin hukuncin SCOTUS na 2011 a cikin Bruesewitz v. Wyeth shari'ar ta fassara wannan rubutu da aka fi dacewa daga Dokar Rauni ta Kasa don gano cewa bai ba da izinin yin shari'ar ƙira ba - wannan batu ba a sani ba tun 1986, kuma manyan kotuna na jihohi daban-daban da na tarayya sun yanke shawarar batun daban. Don haka, daidai ne cewa Kotun Koli ta Amurka (SCOTUS) ba ta taɓa yanke shawarar cewa alluran rigakafin “marasa lafiya ba ne” kai tsaye, amma ta yarda cewa Majalisa ta ɗauki su haka.
Dakika 300 aa-22. Matsayin alhakin
(a) Tsarin Mulki
Sai dai kamar yadda aka tanadar a cikin ƙananan sashe (b), (c) da (e) na wannan sashe Dokar Jiha za ta shafi wani matakin farar hula da aka kawo don diyya don rauni ko mutuwa da ke da alaƙa da allurar rigakafi.
(b) Illolin da ba za a iya gujewa ba; gargadi
(1) Babu wani mai yin alluran rigakafin da zai ɗauki alhakin asarar da ya taso daga rauni ko mutuwa da ke da alaƙa da gudanar da allurar bayan 1 ga Oktoba, 1988, idan rauni ko mutuwa ya haifar. daga illolin da ba za a iya kaucewa ba duk da cewa an shirya maganin yadda ya kamata kuma yana tare da ingantattun kwatance da gargaɗi.
(2) Don dalilai na sakin layi (1), za a ɗauka cewa allurar za ta kasance tare da ingantattun kwatance da faɗakarwa idan mai yin rigakafin ya nuna cewa ya bi duk abubuwan da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin Dokar Abinci, Magunguna da Kayan kwalliya ta Tarayya.. Dubi https://www.ageofautism.com/2018/11/the-supreme-court-did-not-deem-vaccines-unavoidably-unsafe-congress-did.html
Abin da 'yan kaɗan suka sani, har ma a cikin membobinsu da magoya bayansu, shine hukumomin kiwon lafiya masu zuwa suna ɗaukar alluran marasa lafiya:
Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ("AAP")
Ƙungiyar Likitocin Amurka (AMA)
Cibiyar Nazarin Likitocin Iyali ta Amurka ("AAFP")
Kwalejin Amurka na Osteopathic Pediatricians ("ACOP")
Kwalejin Magungunan rigakafi ta Amurka (ACPM)
Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amirka (APHA)
Ƙungiyar Jami'an Kula da Lafiya ta Jiha da Yanki ("ASHO")
Cibiyar wayar da kan alurar rigakafi da bincike a asibitin yara na Texas a Houston
Kowane Yaro Ta Biyu, Gasar Carter/Bumpers don Yin rigakafi ("ECBT")
Haɗin gwiwar Ayyukan rigakafi ("IAC")
Ƙungiyar Cututtuka ta Amurka ("IDSA")
The March of Dimes Foundation
Mala'iku na cutar sankarau
Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa ("NAPNAP")
Gidauniyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Kasa
Ƙungiyar Iyaye Masu Lafiya ta Ƙasa, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Jarirai
Ƙungiyar Meningitis ta Ƙasa, Inc. ("NMA")
Iyayen Yara masu Cututtuka ("PKIDs")
Ƙungiyar Cututtukan Yara na Yara (PIDS)
Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Matasa da Magunguna ("SAHM")
Cibiyar Ilimin Alurar riga kafi a Asibitin Yara na Philadelphia ("CHOP")
Lokacin da dangin Hannah Bruesewitz, yaron da Wyeth's Tri-Immunol DTP ya ji rauni, ya kalubalanci Dokar 1986 a Kotun Koli don 'yancin yin karar Wyeth don mummunan abin da ya faru na maganin rigakafi na Hannah, waɗannan kungiyoyi sun shigar da karar. amicus brief don tallafawa Wyeth, yana neman kotu ta kiyaye dokar da ke kare masu yin alluran rigakafi daga alhakin rauni ko mutuwa da ta taso daga kowace allurar rigakafi da FDA ta ba da izini kuma Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na CDC akan Ayyukan rigakafi ("ACIP") ya ba da shawarar ga yara. Har ma sun kai ga yin gardama kan ra'ayin cewa ya kamata a tantance kowace allurar a daidaiku don matsayin "marasa lafiya," in ji a takaice.
Yin la'akari da yanayin ko alluran rigakafin ba su da lafiya, a daya bangaren, "ba shakka zai kara farashi da kasadar da ke tattare da kararraki kuma zai lalata kokarin masana'anta na kimantawa da sarrafa farashi." Bruesewitz v. Wyeth Inc. girma, 561 F.3d 233, 249 (3d Cir. 2009).
Brief Amici Curiae Na Kwalejin Ilimin Yara na Amurka da sauran Likitoci 21 da Kungiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a Don Tallafawa Mai amsa [Wyeth LLC], a 25.
Matsayin ƙungiyoyin na cewa alluran rigakafin ba su da haɗari da aka ɗauka a gaban majalisun dokoki da na shari'a na gwamnatin tarayya ya haifar da firgita ga iyaye da amincin rigakafin rigakafi da masu ba da shawara na shekaru da yawa, saboda yawancin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna jayayya daidai da akasin haka - cewa alluran rigakafin ba su da haɗari - lokacin da suka bayyana a gaban majalisun dokoki na jihohi don nuna goyon baya ga umarnin rigakafin makarantu da kuma adawa da keɓe rigakafin.
Wani mai fafutuka na masana'antar harhada magunguna na iya yin gardama kan karin kumallo a Washington, DC cewa alluran rigakafin "ba su da aminci" sannan su tafi Annapolis a lokacin abincin rana kuma ya shaida cewa ya kamata Maryland ta cire keɓantawar addini ga allurar rigakafin da ake buƙata don shiga makaranta saboda "alurar rigakafi ba su da lafiya."
Ƙoƙarin neman waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun yi bayanin matsayinsu da ke cin karo da juna tare da bangon dutse.
A cikin 2015, Babin Maine na Kwalejin Ilimin Ilimin Yara na Amurka ya yi jayayya don cirewa da/ko hani ga ƙin yarda da addini da lamiri ga wajabta rigakafin yara. Babban Darakta na Maine AAP, Dee Kerry deHaas, ya shaida a rubuce cewa ya kamata a yi haka saboda "alurar rigakafi ba su da lafiya," amma lokacin da ake ba da shaida a cikin mutum, ya ce allurar "mafi yawa lafiya." A cikin martanin da na ba ta, a matsayina na Darakta na Maine Coalition for Vaccine Choice, na tambayi da yawa tambayoyi taso daga shaidarta, gami da tambayoyi kamar haka:
Ta yaya AAP za ta yi jayayya cewa alluran rigakafin "babu makawa ba su da lafiya" a Kotun Koli don shawo kan gwamnatin tarayya don ba ku kariya daga raunin alurar riga kafi, sa'an nan kuma jayayya cewa, "alurar rigakafi ba su da lafiya," kuma "alurar rigakafi suna da lafiya," a gaban wannan kwamiti don shawo kan Jihar Maine don ba da izini cewa iyalai su karbi shawarwari / siyan allura daga gare ku?
Shin alluran rigakafi, "lafiya," "mafi yawan aminci," ko "marasa lafiya ba makawa?"
Ta yaya irin waɗannan maganganu masu sabani da juna ke haifar da dogaro ga alluran rigakafi da kuma likitocin yara?
Amsar ta ga tambayoyina:
Madam Taylor,
A madadin Maine AAP, na yarda da karɓar imel ɗinku da jerin tambayoyin. Na fahimci cewa ƙungiyoyin mu suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban a cikin muhawarar rigakafin. An watsa kowace hangen nesa a cikin zaman majalisa da zama game da waɗannan kudurorin rigakafi a zama na farko na yau da kullun na Majalisar Maine ta 127th.
Na ki amincewa da girmamawa ga amsa jerin tambayoyinku ko kuma ci gaba da muhawara tare da ku ta hanyar wasiku na lantarki ko kafofin watsa labarun.
Dee daHas
Darekta zartarwa
Kwalejin Ilimin Yara na Amurka, Babi Maine
Waɗanda ke ba da shawara a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ginin da ba su da ma'ana cewa alluran rigakafi ba su da aminci, amma a cikin DC kawai.
Mahaifin ɗan da ya sami maganin alurar riga kafi, Kim Spencer na The Thinking Moms' Revolution, ya lura da masana'antar rigakafin, "da'awarsu cewa alluran 'babu shakka ba su da lafiya' sun ba su kariya ta alhaki, da'awarsu cewa 'alurar riga kafi' sun sa su makaranta da wa'adin aiki, amma da'awarsu cewa duka gaskiya ne ya ba su rashin amana da raina iyaye. "
Sanata Warren ya kuma zargi Mr. Kennedy da cewa, "ya yada cutar karya cewa alluran rigakafi suna haifar da Autism." Amma Kennedy kawai ya yi abin da abokan aikin Warren na Majalisa suka yi shekaru 20 kafin ya fara bayar da shawarwarin kare lafiyar rigakafi; inganta bincike a cikin haɗin gwiwar rigakafin-autism da duk wata alaƙa tsakanin alluran rigakafi da sauran cututtukan yara.
Majalisa, yayin da take ba da kariya ga masu yin alluran rigakafi tare da Dokar 1986, ta kuma ba da umarnin HHS don yin nazarin alaƙa tsakanin allurar pertussis da yanayi fiye da dozin, gami da Autism:
SEC 312. KARATUN DAKE DA alaƙa.
(a) NAZARIN ALLURAR PERTUSSIS DA CUTUTTUKA DA ALAMOMIN CUTUTTUKA - Ba da daɗewa ba bayan shekaru 3 bayan tasirin wannan take, Sakataren Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam zai kammala nazarin duk bayanan da suka dace na likita da na kimiyya (ciki har da bayanan da aka samu daga binciken da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin sashe (e)) game da yanayi, yanayi, da duk wani nau'i na allurar rigakafi, idan aka haɗa da kowane nau'in alluran rigakafi, tare da kowane nau'in alluran rigakafi, tare da kowane nau'in alluran rigakafin, gami da kowane nau'in alluran rigakafin, idan an haɗa shi da kowane nau'in alluran rigakafi, da kowane nau'in alluran rigakafi, tare da duk wani nau'in alluran rigakafi, wanda ya haɗa da allurar rigakafi. cirewa, da takamaiman antigens) da cututtuka da yanayi masu zuwa:
(1) Hemolytic anemia.
(2) Hypsarrhythmia.
(3) Ciwon jarirai.
(4) Ciwon Reye.
(5) Na gefe mononeuropathy.
(6) Mutuwar da aka ware a matsayin ciwo na mutuwar jarirai kwatsam.
(7) Cutar sankarau.
(8) Ciwon suga na yara.
(9)Autism.
(10) Nakasa ilmantarwa.
(11) Yawan aiki.
(12) Irin waɗannan cututtuka da yanayi kamar yadda Sakatare zai iya zaɓar don dubawa ko kamar yadda Hukumar Ba da Shawarwari kan rigakafin Yara da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin sashe na 2119 na Dokar Sabis na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ya ba da shawarar haɗawa cikin irin wannan bita. (Ante, shafi na 3771).
DOKAR JAMA'A 99-2660—Nuwamba. 14 ga Nuwamba, 1986 100 STAT. 3755
Cibiyar kula da lafiya ta kasa ce ta gudanar da binciken cutar ta pertussis da doka ta ba da umurni a cikin 1986, wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta gudanar, wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta buga a 1991, kuma ta gyara ta, da sauransu, ba kowa ba face. Harvey Fineberg na Harvard, wanda ya jagoranci kwamitin don yin nazari akan Mummunan Sakamakon Pertussis da Rubella. PubMed (wato bayanan da Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Ƙasar Amurka ke kiyayewa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Ƙasa) ta ba da waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa. takaitaccen rahoton karshe, mai taken Illolin Pertussis da Rubella
Alurar riga kafi: Rahoton Kwamitin don Bitar Mummunan Sakamako na Pertussis da Rubella:
Iyaye sun dogara da alluran rigakafi don kare 'ya'yansu daga cututtuka iri-iri. Wasu shaidun sun nuna, duk da haka, cewa allurar rigakafin tari (tari) da rubella ( kyanda na Jamus ) shine, a cikin ƙananan adadin lokuta, yana da alaƙa da haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani. Wannan littafi yayi nazarin gardama akan shaidun kuma yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima game da haɗarin rashin lafiya bayan allurar rigakafin cutar ta pertussis da rubella. Dangane da nazari mai yawa na shaidu daga nazarin cututtukan cututtuka, tarihin shari'a, nazarin dabbobi, da sauran hanyoyin samun bayanai, littafin yayi nazari: Dangantakar allurar riga-kafi zuwa wasu munanan abubuwan da suka faru, gami da ciwon kwakwalwa da sauran cututtukan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, ciwon mutuwar jarirai kwatsam, Autism, Ciwon Guillain-Barre, nakasar ilmantarwa, da ciwon Reye. Dangantakar allurar rigakafin rubella zuwa amosanin gabbai, neuropathy daban-daban, da thrombocytopenic purpura. Ƙirar, wanda ya haɗa da bayanin hanyoyin kwamitin don kimanta shaida da kwatance don bincike na gaba, zai zama muhimmin karatu ga jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a, likitocin yara, masu bincike, da iyaye masu damuwa. Dubi https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25121241/ (girmamawa kara da cewa).
Takaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayanin rahoton akan Autism shine: Takaitaccen bayanin rahoton akan Autism shine:
Ba a gano bayanan da ke magance tambayar alaƙar da ke tsakanin allurar rigakafi da DPT ko ɓangaren tantanin sa da kuma Autism. Babu bayanan gwaji da ke da alaƙa da yuwuwar tsarin halitta. (p. 152.)
Wato ba mu sani ba; babu wanda ya taba kallo.
Amma tun da babu bayanai don tabbatar da hanyar haɗin gwiwa, saboda babu bayanai, sun yanke shawarar ƙin yarda da hasashe kuma suka kammala:
Babu wata shaida da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin alurar rigakafin DPT ko ɓangaren pertussis na rigakafin DPT da Autism. (Id.)
A yau akwai bayanai da yawa fiye da yadda aka samu a cikin 1991. An buga wannan rahoto kafin tashin hankali a cikin adadin autism a cikin 1990s bayan saurin fadada adadin rigakafin da aka ba wa yara da zarar masana'antar ta sami kariya daga alhaki daga raunin da ya haifar da alurar riga kafi.
Yanzu, fiye da takardu 200 da ke nuna alaƙar alluran rigakafi-autism da yawa akwai. Kuna iya duba waɗannan takaddun a https://howdovaccinescauseautism.org/.
Sanata Warren da duk wadanda ke da shakku kan sukar allurar rigakafin Mista Kennedy dole ne su fahimci cewa ya fi sanin dokar rigakafin fiye da yadda 'yan majalisar ke yi masa tambayoyi. Maganar magana ta siyasa cewa Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. shine "mai ra'ayin makirci" idan har aka ci gaba, dole ne a yanzu ya kai ga dukan reshe na majalisar dokokin Amurka wanda ya fara da 'yan Democrat kamar tsohon dan majalisa Henry Waxman, wanda ya rubuta kuma ya gabatar da 1986 na National Childhood Vaccine Act.
Sanata Warren na iya tuntubar wasu 'yan majalisar dokokin Amurka na yanzu wadanda suka rike kujeru lokacin da aka zartar da dokar ta 1986, irin su Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Chuck Grassley (R-IA), Steny Hoyer (D-MD), Hal Rogers (R-KY), Ron Wyden (D-OR), Chris Smith (R-NJ, wacce ita ma ta dauki nauyin 2006 nata) Sanatan Democrat daga Massachusetts, Ed Markey. Warren, kamar yawancin 'yan siyasa da likitoci, bai fahimci cewa zato a tushen manufofin rigakafin Amurka ba, da kuma babbar doka da ta gindaya wannan manufar tsawon shekaru 39, ita ce, alluran rigakafin ba su da haɗari. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. ya yi.
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Ginger Taylor marubuci ne, mai magana, marubuci kuma mai fafutuka. Ta rubuta game da siyasa na kiwon lafiya, alurar riga kafi, yarda da yarda da duka kamfanoni da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati daga hangen nesa na Littafi Mai Tsarki.
Wanda ya kafa NoDeception.org, Ginger tsohon Ma'aikacin Aure ne da Iyali wanda ya kware a kan samari da ilimin iyali, yana da digiri na farko a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam daga Jami'ar Liberty, da digiri na Masters a Clinical Counseling daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins. A shekara ta 2003 danta Chandler ya koma cikin Autism bayan watanni 18 na rigakafi kuma ta fara rubuta game da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin magunguna da ta fara fuskanta. Ginger ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci Maine Coalition for Vaccine Choice na tsawon shekaru goma. Ita mawallafi ce kuma mai ba da gudummawar edita na littafin Alurar rigakafi: Yadda Ƙwararriyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mu da Lafiyar Mu da Yaranmu, kuma tana aiki a kan Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Ruhaniya na Tsaron Lafiya na Yara.
An karrama Ginger da lambar yabo ta Health Freedom Hero Award na 2014 daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa saboda aikinta kan zabin lafiya da hakkokin iyaye.
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