A gaskiya, ban taɓa yin tunani sosai ba game da kulle-kullen cutar Ebola a Saliyo da Laberiya a 2014 da 2015. A cikin lafiyar jama'a, kulle-kullen Saliyo da Laberiya sun kasance kamar farkon kwatanci na gaskiyar cewa kulle-kulle ba su da tasiri, amma gwamnatocin kasashe masu tasowa a wasu lokuta suna yin abubuwan ban mamaki; ra'ayin cewa waɗannan makullin na iya samun mafi girman mahimmancin geopolitical bai taɓa faruwa a gare ni ba.
Wannan ya canza sosai lokacin da na fara nazarin ayyukan kafofin watsa labarun game da kulle-kulle kafin 2020. Kafin 2014, kuma daga 2016 zuwa 2019, kusan babu ayyukan kafofin watsa labarun game da kulle-kulle. Koyaya, wannan tsarin yana canzawa ba zato ba tsammani a cikin takamaiman lokaci: kulle-kulle a Saliyo da Laberiya a cikin 2014 da 2015. A wannan lokacin, miliyoyin bot tweetsba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba kuma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba suna yin tweet game da "kulle Ebola" a cikin kusan harshe iri ɗaya.
An fara kulle-kullen farko a Saliyo a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2014. Nan da nan, a wannan ranar, an fara buga tambarin bots. dubban daruruwan tweets game da “kulle cutar Ebola” na Saliyo, kusan dukkansu suna samun sifiri.
Washegari, Satumba 20, 2014, bots sun ci gaba da aikawa dubban daruruwan tweets game da "kulle Ebola" na Saliyo. Kusan duk waɗannan sakonnin sun sake samun abubuwan so.
Gabaɗaya, Saliyo ta sanya dokar hana zirga-zirga har sau uku a cikin 2014 da 2015, waɗanda aka tsawaita na wucin gadi, kuma makwabciyarta Laberiya ita ma ta sanya nata. Bots sun ci gaba da buga dubunnan dubunnan tweets a kowace rana a duk tsawon lokacin kulle-kullen Saliyo da Laberiya, duk ta hanyar karshen su a cikin Maris 2015, inda bots suka buga miliyoyin tweets game da "kulle cutar Ebola" a Saliyo da Laberiya, kusan duk suna samun sifiri.
Ga mutane na gaske, kulle-kullen Ebola bai taɓa zama sanannen batun ba. Duk da miliyoyin bot tweets game da "kulle Ebola" a cikin 2014 da 2015, a ƙarshen 2015, shida kawai daga cikin waɗannan tweets sun sami 50 ko fiye da so. Bugu da kari, kafin da kuma bayan kulle-kullen Ebola na Saliyo da Laberiya, kusan ba a taba yin magana game da kulle-kulle a cikin ma'anar annoba ta Twitter. Kalmomin "kulle annoba" bayyana sau uku kacal kafin shekarar 2014, kuma kalmomin “kulle cutar Ebola” ba su taba fitowa kwata-kwata ba. Kuma, duk da miliyoyin bot tweets game da kullewar cutar Ebola a cikin 2014 da 2015, batun a zahiri ya ɓace a cikin shekaru masu zuwa; daga 2016 zuwa 2019 kalmomin "kulle annoba" bayyana sau uku kawai, kuma kalmomin "kulle cutar Ebola" sun bayyana sau 39 kawai.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, kasa da kashi 1.5% na al'ummar Saliyo sun samu kowane damar shiga Intanet. Saliyo ba za ta iya shirya wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe da kanta ba.
Waɗannan hujjojin sun kai ga ƙarshe guda ɗaya kawai: kulle-kulle na Saliyo da Laberiya a cikin 2014 da 2015 sun sami goyan bayan wani ɓangare ta wani kamfen na ƙasashen waje wanda bots suka buga miliyoyin posts akan kafofin watsa labarun, duk musamman suna amfani da kalmar "kulle."
Lockdown ba shi da tarihi a Saliyo da Laberiya kafin 2014, kamar yadda aka yi kulle-kulle babu wani misali a yammacin duniya kuma ba ya cikin kowace ƙasa ta yamma shiri a kan annoba kafin shekarar 2020. Gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yi amfani da kulle-kulle lokaci-lokaci kafin lokacin, kamar a 2003.
Kasancewar wani kamfen na bot na waje wanda ya ƙunshi miliyoyin posts musamman inganta "kullewa" a Saliyo da Laberiya a cikin 2014 da 2015-inda manufar ba ta da tarihi - ya zama shaida mara tabbas cewa samfuri don fitar da manufofin kullewa zuwa ƙasashen waje na China ya wanzu nan da 2014.
Akwai ƙarin kamanceceniya da yawa. Kamar dai a shekarar 2020, kulle-kullen cutar Ebola a Saliyo a shekarar 2014, ya kasance tare da wani gagarumin gangami daga manyan kafafen yada labarai na kasa da kasa da ke sha'awar titunan kasar da babu kowa, ba tare da la'akari da asarar rayuka ba.
Ba a bayyana cikakken abin da bots ke yi ba ta hanyar buga miliyoyin posts yayin kulle-kullen Ebola. Koyaya, ya bayyana cewa suna ƙoƙarin aƙalla a wani ɓangare don nutsar da tattaunawa mai mahimmanci da rashin yarda da kulle-kulle-kusan kamar hacking gaskiyar kanta.
Da alama wannan dabarar ta yi tasiri. Kamar dai a cikin 2020, yayi kyau da aka sanikuma ko'ina ruwaito a cikin al'ummar Epidemiology cewa ƙuntatawazai ba aikin- kuma a ƙarshe ya yi ba aiki - amma gwamnatoci sun ci gaba da tilasta su. Kuma, kamar a cikin 2020, kulle-kulle na 2014 ya haifar yunwa mai yaɗuwa, karancin ruwa, tarzoma, Da kuma yunkurin guduwa.
Amma duk da haka, kamar a cikin 2020, ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan adam na duniya sun gamu da wannan cin zarafi. Har ma sun kaddamar da yakin neman zabe a kafafen sada zumunta #Zero Ebola.
Jaridar New York Times ma tana da mutum guda, Donald McNeil, ya rubuta iri ɗaya Labari a cikin 2014 a matsayin wanda ya rubuta a cikin 2020, yana murnar dawowar abin da ya yi sha'awar yi masa lakabi da manufar "tsakiya". Kamar McNeil rubuta a cikin 2020 don yabon kulle-kullen China: "Shugaban kasar Sin, Xi Jinping, ya sami damar rufe birnin Wuhan, inda aka fara barkewar cutar Covid-19, domin kasar Sin wuri ne da shugaba zai iya tambayar kansa, 'Me Mao zai yi?' kuma yi shi kawai.” An kiyasta 65 miliyan mutane sun mutu saboda yunwa, da yawan aiki, da kuma tashe-tashen hankula a jihar a lokacin mulkin Mao. An kori McNeil daga New York Times daga baya a cikin 2020, kodayake littafin bai yarda cewa harbe shi ya shafi kulle-kulle ba.
Muhimmancin wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2014 ba za a iya faɗi ba. Ko da a tsakanin masu shakka game da kulle-kulle, ra'ayin da aka fi sani shi ne cewa duniya da gaske ta shiga cikin kulle-kulle a cikin 2020. Kamfen ɗin farfagandar kulle-kullen China na duniya Yin amfani da dubun dubatar bots a kusan kowane harshe da yare a duk faɗin duniya an rubuta su sosai, masu matsakaicin ra'ayi sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan kamfen ɗin yana wakiltar China ne kawai na bikin "nasara" da ta samu kan Covid-ko na gaske ko a'a-maimakon duk wani shiri da aka tsara don fitar da kulle-kulle a matsayin siyasa.
Hawks kamar ni kaina sun dade suna jayayya cewa wannan ra'ayi na geopolitically butulci ne. Manyan ma’aikatun gwamnati ba sa jefar da shirye-shiryensu na annoba ba zato ba tsammani kuma suna kwace ikon gaggawa na gaggawa ta hanyar haɗari.
Haka kuma, saboda kasar Sin ba ta taba samun barkewar cutar Ebola ba, ba za a iya cewa Saliyo ta shigo da kulle-kulle ba don kwafin “nasara” da Sin ta samu. A cikin 2014, kasar Sin ba ta da "nasara" da za a kwafa, duk da haka an fitar da makullin ko ta yaya. Masu matsakaicin ra'ayi sun yi iƙirarin cewa fitar da kulle-kulle a cikin 2020 ya samo asali ne ta hanyar fahimtar nasarar da China ta samu kan Covid, amma kulle-kullen da aka yi a Saliyo da Laberiya sun musanta hakan.
Maimakon haka, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kwafin kasar Sin ya kasance, a mafi kyawu, gayyata mai gamsarwa ga manyan mutane a duk faɗin duniya don shiga cikin CCP a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na zalunci-kuma, mafi muni, wani nau'i ne na rashin amincewa da gayyata da da yawa daga cikinsu suka rigaya suka karɓa. Saliyo da Laberiya ne suka yi atisayen tufafin babban taron.
An sake bugawa daga marubucin Mayarwa
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Michael P Senger lauya ne kuma marubucin Man Maciji: Yadda Xi Jinping Ya Rufe Duniya. Tun daga Maris 19 ya kasance yana binciken tasirin jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin game da martanin da duniya ke bayarwa game da COVID-2020, kuma a baya ya rubuta kamfen yada farfagandar kulle-kulle ta duniya da The Masked Ball of Cowardice a cikin Mujallar Tablet.
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