Kafofin yada labarai na gado suna ƙoƙarin kafa Kotun, akai-akai, na kasancewa cikin yaƙin akida. Yana aiki kamar dai al'amura suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tashin hankali tsakanin membobin hagu da membobin dama, kuma duk da haka (sake!) Shari'ar 2022 tana nuna yadda irin wannan ƙirar ke da lahani a fuskarsa. Wannan yana iya zama dalilin da ya sa ba a tattauna shawarar ba zuwa kowane mataki mai mahimmanci a cikin Ancient Media.
The Dobbs shawarar da ta soke Roe v. Wade da kuma Tsarin Iyaye v. Casey, da daftarin ra'ayi da ya fito a watan Mayu 2022, ya kara rufa wa wasu muhimman shawarwari, musamman wadanda (ba kamar haka ba. Dobbs) kar a jefa Kotun a matsayin wanda ke yanke hukunci cikin sauki, mai iya tsinkayar akida.
In Amurka v. Zubaydah (03/03/2022), akasarin Kotun da suka hada da mafi yawan reshenta na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma mafi yawan reshenta na ci gaba, sun yanke hukuncin cewa bayyana ayyukan azabtarwa da hukumar leken asiri ta CIA ta yi kan dan ta'addar Abu Zubaydah da ake zargi a kasar Poland a shekarun 2002 da 2003 zai yi illa ga tsaron kasa. Don haka, zai iya zama sirrin kasa a hukumance, ko da yake an tabbatar da abubuwan da suka faru ta hanyar gidajen labarai da masu bincike da yawa cikin shekaru da yawa.
An tattauna abubuwan da suka faru a fili. Wani sanannen misali kuma kwanan nan shine na Alex Gibney shirin game da abin da CIA ta yi wa Zubaydah wanda aka saki ta hanyar HBO a cikin 2021. Duk da gaskiyar lamarin ya kasance a bayyane yake kamar yadda mutum zai iya tunani, amma Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa bayyana hakan a hukumance zai zama barazana ga tsaron kasar Amurka.
Zubaydah, wadda hukumar leken asirin Amurka ta CIA ta zarga da cewa tana da masaniya kan hare-haren da za a kaiwa Amurka nan gaba bayan harin 9 ga watan Satumba, yanzu haka ta shafe shekaru 11 a gidan yari, kuma ba a taba gurfanar da ita gaban kotu kan laifuffuka da makarkashiyar da ake zarginsa da aikatawa ba. An azabtar da shi na tsawon watanni da yawa (gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka a hukumance ta lakafta wannan ingantattun tambayoyi) yayin da aka gudanar da shi a wani baƙar fata na CIA a Poland.
A cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin da Kotun ta yi game da gaskiyar lamarin, sun bayyana cewa "A shekara ta 2010, Zubaydah ta shigar da ƙara a ƙasar Poland, inda ta nemi a hukunta duk wani ɗan ƙasar Poland da ke da hannu a cin zarafin da ake yi masa a cibiyar CIA da ke ƙasar." Ba da izinin irin wannan korafin don ci gaba zai buƙaci irin bayyana gwamnatin Amurka (musamman ɓangaren zartarwa) ba ya son amincewa da shi.
Mafi rinjayen ra'ayi ya rubuta ta hanyar ci gaba, kuma yanzu mai ritaya, Justice Stephen Breyer. Ƙididdiga na doka game da irin wannan tona asirin ya ce: “Gatar sirrin jihar ta ba gwamnati damar hana bayyana bayanai lokacin da wannan fallasa zai cutar da muradun tsaron ƙasa” (Amurka v. Reynolds). Kotun ta lura cewa, "A wasu yanayi, gwamnati na iya ba da damar sirrin jihar don hana tabbatarwa ko musanta bayanan da suka shiga cikin jama'a ta hanyar da ba na hukuma ba." Kotun ta ce, "Tabbatar da (ko kin amincewa) da 'yan kwangilar CIA suka yi na bayanan da Zubaydah ke nema zai kasance daidai da CIA da kanta." Kotun ta yi la'akari da cewa "Gata asirin kasa ya shafi kasancewar (ko babu) na cibiyar CIA a Poland, don haka ya hana ci gaba da bincike" saboda irin wannan shigar zai iya yin lahani ga bukatun tsaron kasa na Amurka.
Yawancin ra'ayi na iya bayyana ga wasu, kamar yadda yake a gare ku da gaske, a matsayin shari'ar Kotun da ke neman ceto bangaren zartarwa daga abin kunya saboda wuce gona da iri a farkon shekarun 2000 don mayar da martani ga harin ta'addanci. Ba wai kamar ba a iya fahimtar irin wannan yunƙurin ba. Abin nufi shi ne, a maimakon haka, ba a tsara tsarin shari’ar Amurka ba ne domin a shafe abin kunya na sauran rassan a karkashin tulu. Maimakon haka, manufarsa ita ce ta ɗauki alhakin sauran rassan.
Shida daga cikin alkalai tara sun rattaba hannu kan dalilin Breyer, tare da bambance-bambancen dalilai da jujjuya nasu. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Alito, Roberts, Thomas, da Kavanaugh, da kuma ɗan'uwan Breyer mai ci gaba mai shari'a, Elena Kagan.
Mai shari’a Neil Gorsuch ya rubuta rashin amincewa, inda mai shari’a Sonia Sotomayor ya shiga tare da shi. Gorsuch ya yi niyya kai tsaye ga rashin haɗin kai da ɗabi'a na yawancin Kotun, yana mai cewa "ya zo lokacin da bai kamata mu jahilci a matsayinmu na alkalan abin da muka sani na gaskiya a matsayin 'yan ƙasa ba."
Ya ci gaba da cewa, "Wannan shari'ar ta wuce wannan batu. Zubaydah tana neman bayanai game da azabtarwar da CIA ta yi masa. Abubuwan da ake magana a kai sun faru shekaru ashirin da suka gabata ... an buga rahotanni na hukuma, da rubuce-rubuce, da kuma fina-finai game da su. Duk da haka, gwamnati na neman a kori wannan ƙarar a ƙasa yana nuna wani sirri na kasa - kuma a yau kotu ta amince da wani tsari daga wannan bukata ta gwamnati. kunya, amma cikin girmamawa, bai kamata mu yi kamar zai kiyaye wani sirri ba.
Watakila mafi karfi shine kundin tarihin Gorsuch na azabtarwa, da alama ya sanya shi cikin wasu bayanan shari'a, duk da shawarar da mafi yawansu suka yanke kuma duk da sha'awar ci gaba da tona asirin ayyukan da 'yan kwangilar CIA suka yi:
"A kokarin fitar da wannan bayanin, CIA ta dauki hayar wasu 'yan kwangila biyu, James Mitchell da John Jessen, kuma ta ba su izinin yin amfani da abin da ta kira 'ingantattun dabarun tambayoyi.' … Mitchell da Jessen sun yi aiki a kusan sa'o'i 24 a kowace rana' tun daga ranar 4 ga Agusta, 2002… Sun yi ruwa a kan Zubaydah aƙalla sau 80, sun kwaikwayi binne rai a cikin akwatuna na ɗaruruwan sa'o'i, kuma sun yi gwaje-gwajen dubura da aka ƙera don tabbatar da' cikakken iko kan wanda ake tsare. Kwanaki shida da bala'in da ya faru, Zubaydah ta kasance tana kuka, hargitsi, da kuma iska mai ƙarfi… A lokacin wani zaman ruwa, Zubaydah ta zama 'gaba ɗaya ba ta amsawa ba, kumfa na tasowa ta buɗe baki, cikakke.' ... Ya zama mai yarda da cewa zai shirya don hawan ruwa a lokacin da yatsa."
Mai shari’a Gorsuch ya lura cewa, “A wannan lokacin, Mitchell da Jessen sun kammala cewa ba shi da wuya a ce Zubaydah ta mallaki bayanan da suke nema, kuma sun nemi a kawo karshen tambayoyin.”
Ingantattun tambayoyin, duk da haka, bai ƙare ba. Gorsuch ya lura cewa "da alama kimarsu na iya zama daidai. Ko da yake dangantakar Zubaydah da al Qaeda ta kasance batun muhawara a yau, marubutan Rahoton Majalisar Dattijai sun gano cewa bayanan CIA 'ba su goyi bayan' shawarar cewa yana da hannu a harin 11 ga Satumba ... Mitchell da Jessen sun ci gaba da yin wasu makonni biyu har sai da shugabanninsu suka kammala cewa Zubaydah ba ta da wani sabon bayanin barazanar ta’addanci.”
Labarin Gorsuch na gaskiyar da ke cikin rashin amincewarsa ya nanata duka lalatar da ke tattare da amfani da azabtarwa da kuma gazawarta na cimma wani abu na zahiri. Ra'ayin azabtarwa da ya fito kan gaba bayan 9/11 yana ɓata rai a matakin ɗan adam. Gaskiyar cewa kuma da alama bai yi aiki ba don tattara mahimman bayanai a cikin yaƙin ta'addanci na baya-bayan nan yana jaddada rashin hankali na gaba ɗaya kasuwancin.
Ƙarshe a cikin rashin amincewar mai shari'a Gorsuch ya haifar da rashin tausayi na abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma sha'awar masu rinjaye na jinkiri ga sashin zartarwa, wanda bai dace da muhimman ka'idodin tsarin mulki ba. Ka'idojin da Kotun ta musamman ita ce ta karewa da kiyayewa.
“Gaskiya na da wuya a iya fuskanta, mun riga mun san cewa gwamnatinmu ta yi wa Zubaydah wulakanci, fiye da zaman ruwa sama da 80, an yi jana’izar daruruwan sa’o’i da kuma abin da ta kira ‘rectal rehydration’. Ƙarin shaidun da ke kan layi ɗaya na iya kasancewa a cikin rumbun gwamnati, amma duk da abin kunya, babu wani sirri na kasa a nan, aikin wannan kotu shine bin doka da neman gaskiya.
Alkalai Gorsuch da Sotomayor sun tsaya kyam a kan mafi yawan Kotun da kuma mambobin bangarorin akidarsu. Sun yi haka ne da sunan muhimman ka’idoji masu tushe na Wayewa da kuma dalilin gwamnatin jamhuriya da raba madafun iko. Ko da yake mafi yawansu sun nemi yin rufa-rufa da gujewa babban al'amuran ɗabi'a da tsarin mulki a hannunsu, ƴan tsirarun tsiraru sun nuna gurɓacewar ra'ayi na mafi rinjayen ra'ayi. Rashin yarda ne wanda ke cikin babban jigon jayayya a cikin tarihin Kotun Koli.
Me ya sa ba a ba da rahoton wannan shawarar ba? Tabbas, bai ga yadda kafafen watsa labarai suka katse ba, amma ba a kula sosai ba fiye da batun zubar da ciki wanda a yanzu ya dauki hankulan 'yan jaridu da jama'a. Me yasa wannan? Shin korar azabtarwa ta hanyar Kotu a hukumance bai dace ba? Nawa ne saboda hukuncin da bai yi daidai da yadda Kotun ta ke ba: na yaƙin hukumomi tsakanin hagu na akida da na akida?
Ganin cewa wannan shari'ar ta ƙunshi shirye-shiryen da suka fara aiki a cikin 9/11, a farkon shekarun Yaƙin Ta'addanci, ya haɗa da ruwa da sauran nau'ikan ingantattun tambayoyi, an gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin CIA da reshe na zartarwa, kuma ya haɗa da wanda ake zargi da ci gaba da zama a gidan yarin soja a Guantanamo Bay wanda ba a ba shi kotu ba tun lokacin da aka kama shi shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, wani rahoto na iya yanke hukunci shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Mafi rinjayen kotun.
Kafofin yada labarai na yau da kullun suna da alamun rashin lafiya ga shari'o'in da ke lalata labarin hagu-da-dama, musamman idan ya zo ga batutuwan da suka shafi Kotun Koli. Ya kamata mutane da yawa su tambayi dalilin da yasa hakan ya kasance. Yakamata su kara yin tambaya kan me za a rasa idan har za a daina gabatar da labarai inda ake jefe rikitattun mutane a matsayin marasa tausayi, bangaranci.
Azaba da yaki ba dabi’u ba ne na hannun dama ko na hagu, kuma munafunci al’amari ne na bangaranci. Gaskiya ne cewa akwai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da yawa waɗanda suka kare Yaƙin Ta'addanci, Yaƙin Iraki, da kuma tabbatar da ingantattun dabarun tambayoyi a cikin 2000s, amma yawancin masu ci gaba kuma sun kasance bebe lokacin da Shugaba Obama ya kai harin bam a Libya ba bisa ka'ida ba a 2011 kuma ya kori gwamnatinsa. Yawancin magoya bayan Trump sun yi tir da tsoma bakin Amurka a cikin 2016, amma duk da haka ba su ce komai ba lokacin da shugaban na arba'in da biyar ya ba da man fetur ga yakin Saudiyya na kai hare-hare kan Yemen. Lokacin da Shugaba Biden ya fara jefa bama-bamai a Somaliya watanni shida kacal da shiga ofis, masu kada kuri'arsa - wadanda galibinsu suka bayyana kansu a matsayin antiwar - ba su ce komai ba.
Ma'aikatar shari'a ta Amurka wata cibiya ce da aka ƙera don ɗaukar alhakin sauran rassan ta hanyar kwatanta ayyukansu da mizanin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka. Alkalai Gorsuch da Sotomayor sun yi daidai da su kira masu rinjaye na Kotun don nuna goyon baya ga sha'awar ta, a maimakon haka, ta kashe wasu makoki na baya-bayan nan. The Ancient Media Hakazalika ya kamata a tuhume shi da rashin nuna mahimmancin shari'ar, da rashin nuna shakku kan hikimar yanke hukunci, kuma a maimakon haka za a ci gaba da jaddada shari'o'in tsiraici kawai da ke gaban Kotun.
Yakamata a tuna da rashin amincewar alkalai Gorsuch da Sotomayor kuma a yaba musu saboda matsayinsu na ɗabi'a, amma kuma saboda yana nuna wani lokaci ne lokacin da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da masu ra'ayin 'yanci masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka zage damtse mahimman kimar Amurka. Akwai yuwuwar samun lokatai da kowannensu ya ci nasara kuma ya kasa cimma wannan buri. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan takamaiman yanayin, sun nuna mahimmancin rawar da rashin amincewar doka zai iya takawa a cikin bahasin tarihin Amurka da fikihu.
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Masanin tarihi kuma marubuci, James M. Masnov, shi ne marubucin littattafai guda biyu: Kisan Tarihi da Sauran Mawallafa ta Masanin Tarihi na Hankali, da Haƙƙin Mulki Mai Girma: Tarihin Hankali na Nazarin Shari'a da Kotun Koli.
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