The Murar Asiya ta 1957-58 annoba ce mai kisa tare da isar da babban sakamako fiye da Covid-19 na 2020. Ta kashe tsakanin mutane miliyan 1 zuwa 4 a duk duniya, da 116,000 a Amurka a cikin lokaci tare da rabin yawan jama'a. Ya kasance babban mai ba da gudummawa ga shekarar da Amurka ta ga mutuwar sama da 62,000.
A duk duniya, yana iya zama mai kisa sau biyar kamar Covid-19, kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar mutuwar kowane mutum. Ya kasance sabon abu na mutuwa ga matasa: kashi 40 cikin 65 na mace-mace sun faru ne tsakanin mutane kasa da 19, yayin da matsakaicin shekarun mutuwa Covid-80 shine 10 tare da kawai 20-65% na mace-mace a ƙasa da shekaru XNUMX.
Abin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne yadda jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a suka magance cutar. Yana da martani da akasin haka fiye da masu tsara manufofi da aka bi a shekarar 2020. Mutum zai iya ɗauka cewa hakan ya faru ne saboda sakaci da rashin ƙwarewa wajen fahimtar buƙatar kullewa. Lallai ba su san shekaru 65 da suka wuce abin da muka sani a yau ba!
A gaskiya, wannan gaba ɗaya ƙarya ne. Kwararru a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi la'akari da rufe makarantu, rufe kasuwancin, da kuma hana al'amuran jama'a amma duk tsarin sana'ar ya ƙi su. Akwai dalilai guda biyu na wannan ƙin yarda: kulle-kulle zai zama mai kawo cikas sosai, yana lalata ƙarfin ƙwararrun likitocin don tunkarar rikicin yadda ya kamata, kuma saboda irin waɗannan manufofin ba za su yi amfani ba saboda kwayar cutar ta riga ta kasance a nan kuma tana yaduwa.
Ganin cewa kulle-kulle a cikin shari'ar Covid-19 na iya ba da gudummawa ga tsawaita rikicin ta hanyar jinkirta rigakafin garken garken, lokacin da cutar ta Asiya ta yi mummunan sakamako shine watanni uku kawai. Jaridu da kyar suka rufe shi kuma yawancin mutane ba su lura da shi ba. Tarihi na lokacin da kyar ya ambace shi yayin da farkon tarihin 2020 zai yi magana da farko game da kwayar cutar da kulle-kulle. Wannan ya faru ba saboda cutar ba amma saboda mummunan martanin manufofin cutar.
Mafi labarin guda A kan martanin manufofin mura na Asiya na 1957-58 shine "Maganin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Lafiya ga Cutar Cutar Murar 1957-58" ta babban masanin cutar Donald A. Henderson da sauran abokan aikinsa a Johns Hopkins. Ya bayyana a cikin 2009 a cikin jarida Tsarin Halittu da Ta'addanci: Dabarun Kare Halittu, Aiki, da Kimiyya. An saka shi a ƙarshen wannan labarin.
Labarin yana da mahimmanci mai mahimmanci saboda yana tabbatar da cewa rashin kullewa yanke shawara ne da gangan, ba wani nau'in gazawa ba. Ƙin tarwatsa al'umma da kuma takura 'yanci a gaban kwayar cutar shine nasarar tunanin zamani na lafiyar jama'a. Tun daga zamanin d ¯ a har zuwa karni na 19, abin da aka saba yi game da cuta shine a danganta ta da gurbatattun iska da gudu yayin da ake aljanu da kuma ware marasa lafiya. Ci gaban likita na zamani - tare da gano ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, maganin rigakafi, maganin rigakafi, da aikin tsarin rigakafi na ɗan adam - nasiha na kwantar da hankalin al'umma da dangantakar likitoci da likitoci.
Hukumar da ta fi yin tasiri a harkar kiwon lafiyar jama’a a lokacin ita ce kungiyar jami’an kiwon lafiya ta jiha da na yankuna (ASTHO). Sun hadu a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1957. Sun kammala cewa ya kamata su ba da shawarar kula da gida kamar yadda ya kamata don kiyaye asibitoci daga cunkoso. Za su umurci mutane da su nemi kulawar likita idan alamun sun yi tsanani.
In ba haka ba, ASHO ta kammala da cewa: ''Babu wata fa'ida ta zahiri wajen rufe makarantu ko kuma takaita taron jama'a dangane da yaduwar wannan cuta''.
Musamman, ba a rufe makarantu saboda masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun lura cewa yaran za su ɗauki kwayar cutar a wani wuri. Henderson ya ce: “Kwamishinan lafiya na gundumar Nassau da ke New York, ya ce ya kamata makarantun gwamnati su kasance a buɗe ko da a cikin annoba’ kuma ‘yaranta za su yi rashin lafiya kamar yadda ba su zuwa makaranta.’”
Mun ji ba kakkautawa cewa Covid-19 ya wajabta kulle-kulle saboda sabon nau'i ne wanda babu maganin rigakafi. To, cutar mura ta Asiya ta riga ta kasance sabuwa kuma babu wani maganin alurar riga kafi. A lokacin daya zo, yana da tasiri kawai 60% kuma ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba. Henderson yayi sharhi: "A bayyane yake cewa allurar ba ta da wani tasiri mai kyau kan yanayin cutar."
Wataƙila dole ne mu kulle saboda maganganun asymptomatic? Ba gaskiya bane. Henderson ya lura game da mura na Asiya: “Yawan kai hari a makarantu ya kai daga kashi 40% zuwa 60%. Binciken serological ya nuna cewa rabin waɗanda suka ba da rahoton ba su da mura sun nuna alamun kamuwa da cutar.”
Don tabbatar da an samu tarzoma. Ba da karfi suka faru ba amma ta hanyar larura saboda rashin zuwa. Sun kasance gajere. Miliyoyin mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cutar sun sami ƙwayoyin rigakafi kuma suka ci gaba. Wannan gaskiya ne ga ƴan makaranta musamman:
"Rashin halartar makaranta ya kai iyakar tare da 280,000 ba a yi a ranar 7 ga Oktoba. Wannan ya kai kashi 29% na duk masu halartar makaranta. An yi rajista mafi girma ga makarantun Manhattan, wanda ke da yawan kashi 43 cikin dari. A wannan rana, malamai 4,642 (11%) ba su bayar da rahoton zuwa aiki ba saboda rashin lafiya. Cibiyoyin kasuwanci, duk da haka, babu wani karuwa a cikin rashin lafiya. Makonni 2 bayan kololuwar, yawan rashin zuwa makaranta ya kusan komawa yadda aka saba—kusan kashi 7%.”
Rahotannin jaridu a lokacin ba su bayar da wani rikodin yaɗuwar soke taron jama'a da ya rage tilastawa rufewa ba. Wani lokaci ana jingine wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji da sakandare saboda rashin rashin lafiya. Masu shirya taron sun soke wasu taron. Amma shi ke nan.
The New York TimesEdita guda ɗaya game da mura na Asiya ya nuna hikimar lafiyar jama'a: "Bari mu kasance da sanyin gwiwa game da mura na Asiya yayin da ƙididdiga kan yaɗuwar cutar da ƙwayar cuta ta fara taruwa."
Henderson ya kammala kamar haka:
Barkewar cutar ta 1957-58 ta kasance irin wannan cuta da ke yaɗuwa cikin sauri wanda ta bayyana da sauri ga jami'an kiwon lafiyar Amurka cewa ƙoƙarin dakatarwa ko rage yaduwar ta ya kasance banza. Don haka, ba a yi ƙoƙarin keɓe mutane ko ƙungiyoyi ba, kuma an yanke shawarar da gangan don kada a soke ko jinkirta manyan tarurruka kamar taro, taron coci, ko wasannin motsa jiki don manufar rage watsawa.
Ba a yi ƙoƙari na iyakance tafiye-tafiye ko don tantance matafiya ba. An ba da muhimmanci wajen ba da jinya ga wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan al'umma da kiwon lafiya. Cutar zazzaɓi, cututtukan numfashi sun kawo adadi mai yawa na marasa lafiya zuwa asibitoci, ofisoshin likitoci, da dakunan gaggawa, amma kaɗan kaɗan na waɗanda suka kamu da cutar suna buƙatar asibiti.
Rashin zuwa makaranta saboda mura ya yi yawa, amma ba a rufe makarantu sai dai idan adadin ɗalibai ko malamai ya faɗi ƙasa kaɗan don sa a rufe. Koyaya, yanayin barkewar cutar a makarantu ya ɗan ɗan yi kaɗan, kuma da yawa suna iya komawa ayyukan cikin hanzari cikin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. An ce yawancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun kamu da mura, amma rahotanni sun nuna cewa asibitoci sun sami damar daidaitawa yadda ya kamata don jimre nauyin marasa lafiya.
Bayanan da ake samu kan rashin halartar masana'antu sun nuna cewa farashin ya yi ƙasa kuma babu wani katsewar muhimman ayyuka ko samarwa. Gabaɗayan tasirin GDP ba shi da komai kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin kewayon bambancin tattalin arziƙi na yau da kullun.
Jami'an kiwon lafiya sun yi fatan cewa za a iya samun muhimman kayayyakin rigakafin a kan lokaci, kuma an yi kokari na musamman don hanzarta samar da rigakafin, amma adadin da aka samu ya makara wajen yin tasiri kan tasirin annobar. Yaduwar cutar a cikin ƙasa ta yi sauri sosai wanda a cikin watanni 3 ta bazu a cikin ƙasar kuma ta ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Mutum ya karanta wannan cikakken bayani na yadda lafiyar jama'a ke amsawa a lokacin idan aka kwatanta da yanzu kuma amsa shine kuka. Ta yaya hakan zai faru da mu? Mun san tabbas cewa kulle-kulle mummunan lafiyar jama'a ne. Mun san shi tsawon shekaru 100.
Rufe tattalin arziki gabaɗaya ya ci karo da ƙa'idar da aka kafa ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya: "Ci gaban tattalin arziki da lafiyar jama'a ba su da alaƙa kuma suna da alaƙa… ci gaban zamantakewa, al'adu da tattalin arziƙin al'umma, da yanayin lafiyarta, sun dogara da juna."
A cikin 1957-58, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun ɗauki wannan lura da mahimmanci. Wannan mummunar mura ta zo kuma ta tafi tare da ƙarancin rushewar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Tsarin rigakafi a cikin Amurka da ko'ina cikin duniya sun dace da sabon nau'in mura.
Sannan bayan shekaru goma. sabon maye gurbin wannan mura ya zo. Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya mayar da martani iri daya, cikin hikima, nutsuwa, ba tare da tsoma baki cikin 'yancin mutane da 'yancinsu ba. Ayyukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi ana ganin su daidai suna da mahimmanci ga cikakkiyar ra'ayi game da lafiyar jama'a.
An yi watsi da kulle-kulle a baya daidai don a rage lalacewar cutar kuma mu iya shawo kan ta cikin sauri. Wannan shi ne kimiyya. Wannan shine kimiyya har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2020, lokacin da komai ya canza. Nan da nan “kimiyya” ya yarda da manta da duk abin da muka koya daga baya da kuma maye gurbinsa da muggan manufofin da suka lalata tattalin arziki da rayuwar mutane, yayin da cimma komai ba dangane da rage barnar annoba.
Mun samar mana da sabuwar ƙamus da aka ƙera don ɓoye abin da ake yi mana. Ba a tsare mu a gida ba, kasuwancinmu sun farfasa, an rufe makarantu, an soke wasannin raye-raye da wasannin motsa jiki, shirin balaguronmu ya lalace, kuma an raba mu da ƙaunatattunmu. A'a, muna fuskantar kawai "rage cuta" ta hanyar "matsakaicin da aka yi niyya," "matsalolin marasa magani," da "nisanta jama'a."
Wannan duk Orwellian ne tare da hikimomin lafiyar jama'a na gargajiya da aka jefar da shi cikin rami mai ƙwaƙwalwa. Ainihin kimiyya bai canza ba. Lafiyar jama'a na gargajiya yana roƙon mu don la'akari ba kawai pathogen guda ɗaya ba amma duk masu canji waɗanda ke tasiri lafiyar jiki, ba kawai a cikin gajeren lokaci ba amma a cikin dogon lokaci kuma. Haka ya kasance kuma haka yake a yau.
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