Fiye da Nazarin Kwatancen Kwatancen 170 da Labarai kan Rashin Tasirin Mashin da cutarwa ⋆ Cibiyar Brownstone Paul Elias Alexander

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Ba ma'ana ba ne a yanke cewa abin rufe fuska na tiyata da mayafi, da ake amfani da su kamar yadda ake amfani da su a halin yanzu (ba tare da wasu nau'ikan kariyar PPE ba), ba su da tasiri kan sarrafa yaduwar cutar ta Covid-19. Shaida na yanzu na nuna cewa abin rufe fuska na iya zama da illa da gaske. Jikin shaida ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska ba su da tasiri sosai.

Hankalina shine kan COVID face mask da kuma ilimin kimiyyar da muka yi kusan watanni 20. Duk da haka ina so in magance wannan batun abin rufe fuska a matakin ƙafa 50,000 akan manufofin hana kullewa gabaɗaya. Na gina a bayan kyakkyawan aikin da Gupta, Kulldorff, da Bhattacharya suka yi Babban Sanarwar Barrington (GBD) da kuma irin wannan ƙarfafawa ta Dr.

Domin mun ga tun da wuri cewa kulle-kulle shine kuskure mafi girma a tarihin lafiyar jama'a. Mun san tarihi kuma mun san ba za su yi aiki ba. Mun kuma san farkon haɗarin COVID. Abin baƙin ciki, yaranmu za su ɗauki nauyin bala'i sakamakon da kuma ba kawai na ilimi ba, na mai nakasa sosai manufar rufe makaranta shekaru da yawa zuwa (musamman kananan yaran mu wadanda ba su iya samun wannan). Har yanzu ana tursasa da yawa da su sanya abin rufe fuska kuma ana hukunta su saboda rashin yin hakan.

Ina gabatar da abin rufe fuska 'jikin shaida' a ƙasa (n=167 nazarin da guda na shaida), wanda ya ƙunshi bincike mai inganci da kuma shaidar da ke da alaƙa da babban rahoto. Har zuwa yau, shaidun sun tabbata kuma a sarari cewa abin rufe fuska ba sa aiki don sarrafa ƙwayar cuta kuma suna iya zama cutarwa musamman ga yara.

Tebur na 1: Shaida akan abin rufe fuska na COVID-19 da umarni da lahani

RASHIN FUSKA
1) Tasirin Ƙara Shawarar Masks zuwa Wasu Matakan Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a don Hana Cutar SARS-CoV-2 a cikin Masu Sanye da Mask., Bundgaard, 2021	"Kamuwa da SARS-CoV-2 ya faru a cikin mahalarta 42 sun ba da shawarar masks (1.8%) da mahalarta masu sarrafawa 53 (2.1%). Bambanci tsakanin rukuni shine -0.3 kashi kashi (95% CI, -1.2 zuwa kashi 0.4; P = 0.38) (rabo maras kyau, 0.82 [CI zuwa 0.54) . Shawarar yin amfani da abin rufe fuska don ƙarin ƙarin matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a bai rage yawan kamuwa da cutar ta SARS-CoV-1.23 a tsakanin masu sawa da fiye da kashi 0.33% a cikin al'ummar da ke da matsakaicin adadin kamuwa da cuta, wani mataki na nisantar da jama'a, da kuma amfani da abin rufe fuska baki ɗaya.
2) Yaduwar SARS-CoV-2 tsakanin Ma'aikatan Ruwa yayin keɓewa, Letiza, 2020	"Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa a cikin gungun matasa maza da aka dauka aikin soja, kusan kashi 2% sun zama masu inganci ga SARS-CoV-2, kamar yadda qPCR ta tantance, a cikin sati 2, an tsaurara matakan keɓancewa.
3) Harkokin jiki don katse ko rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi, Jefferson, 2020	"Akwai ƙarancin tabbaci daga gwaje-gwaje tara (3507 mahalarta) cewa sanya abin rufe fuska na iya yin kaɗan ko babu bambanci ga sakamakon cutar mura (ILI) idan aka kwatanta da rashin sanya abin rufe fuska (Rsk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% tazarar amincewa (CI) 0.82 zuwa 1.18. mura idan aka kwatanta da rashin saka abin rufe fuska (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.66 zuwa 1.26; 6 gwaji; mahalarta 3005)… sakamakon da aka tattara na gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar ba su nuna raguwar kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar ta numfashi ba tare da amfani da mashin likitanci / tiyata a lokacin mura.
4) Tasirin Maskin Al'umma akan COVID-19: Gwajin Bazuwar Rugu A Bangladesh, Abaluck, 2021 Heneghan et al.	Gwajin bazuwar gungu na tallan abin rufe fuska a cikin karkarar Bangladesh daga Nuwamba 2020 zuwa Afrilu 2021 (N= 600 kauyuka, N=342,126 manya. Heneghan ya rubuta: “A cikin Bangladesh karatu, Masks na tiyata sun rage alamun cututtukan COVID da ke tsakanin kashi 0 zuwa 22, yayin da ingancin abin rufe fuska ya haifar da wani wuri tsakanin kashi 11 cikin ɗari zuwa raguwar kashi 21 cikin ɗari. Don haka, dangane da waɗannan karatun bazuwar, abin rufe fuska na manya da alama ba shi da inganci ko iyakancewa. ”
5) Shaida don Fuskar Tufafin Al'umma don Iyakance Yaɗuwar SARS-CoV-2: Mahimman Bita, Liu/CATO, 2021	"Shaidar asibiti da ke akwai na ingancin abin rufe fuska ba ta da inganci kuma mafi kyawun shaidar asibiti galibi ta kasa nuna inganci, tare da goma sha huɗu cikin goma sha shida da aka gano gwajin sarrafa bazuwar idan aka kwatanta abin rufe fuska ba tare da sarrafa abin rufe fuska da ke kasa samun fa'ida ta kididdiga ba a cikin niyya don kula da yawan jama'a. sauran takwas kuma sun goyi bayan sa hannun jama'a akan iyakataccen shaida da farko bisa ka'idar taka tsantsan."
6) Matakan da ba na magunguna ba don kamuwa da cutar mura a cikin Saitunan Kula da Lafiya - Ma'auni na Kariya da Muhalli, CDC/Xiao, 2020	"Shaida daga gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar 14 na waɗannan matakan ba su goyi bayan wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan watsa cutar da aka tabbatar da cutar ba… babu wani binciken gida da ya ba da rahoton raguwar kamuwa da cutar mura ta sakandare a cikin rukunin fuskokin fuska…
7) CIDRAP: Masks-ga-duk don COVID-19 ba bisa bayanan sauti baBrosseau, 2020	"Mun yarda cewa bayanan da ke tallafawa tasirin abin rufe fuska ko rufe fuska suna da iyaka sosai. Muna da, duk da haka, muna da bayanai daga binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke nuna abin rufe fuska ko rufe fuska yana ba da ƙarancin tattarawar tacewa ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ba za a iya amfani da su ba da muka yi imanin suna da alhakin watsawa, musamman daga pre- ko asymptomatic mutane waɗanda ba sa tari ko atishawa, muna ci gaba da rufe abin rufe fuska. mai yiwuwa su sami iyakanceccen tasiri kan rage watsa COVID-19, saboda suna da ƙaramin ikon hana fitar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna ba da iyakancewar kariya ta mutum dangane da ƙaramin shakar ƙwayar cuta, kuma bai kamata a ba da shawarar a matsayin maye gurbin nisantar jiki ko rage lokaci a cikin wuraren da ke rufe tare da mutane da yawa masu kamuwa da cuta. ”
8) Masking Universal a Asibitoci a Zamanin Covid-19, Klompas/NEJM, 2020	"Mun san cewa sanya abin rufe fuska a wajen wuraren kiwon lafiya yana ba da kaɗan, idan akwai, kariya daga kamuwa da cuta. Hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a suna bayyana babban bayyanar da Covid-19 a matsayin saduwa da fuska tsakanin ƙafa 6 tare da mara lafiya da ke da alamun Covid-19 wanda ke dawwama na aƙalla ƴan mintuna (kuma wasu sun ce fiye da mintuna 10 ko ma mintuna 30). Damar kama Covid-19 a cikin sararin samaniya yana da yawa. Mass abin rufe fuska ne mai jujjuyawa ga damuwa game da cutar… Kalkulin na iya bambanta, duk da haka, a cikin saitunan kiwon lafiya na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci, abin rufe fuska shine babban ɓangaren kayan aikin kariya na sirri (PPE) lokacin da ake kula da marasa lafiya masu kamuwa da cutar hoto ta numfashi, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da riga, safar hannu, da kariya ta ido… Idan ba a tare da tsaftar hannaye ba, kariya ta ido, safar hannu, da riga ba zai hana ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da farkon Covid-19 cutar da hannayensu da yada kwayar cutar ga marasa lafiya da abokan aiki ba, yana iya haifar da ƙarin watsawa na Covid-19.
9) Masks don rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da jama'a: tsarin laima na PEER, Dugré, 2020	"Wannan nazari na yau da kullun ya gano ƙarancin shaidar cewa yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Masks na tiyata na iya zama sama da abin rufe fuska amma bayanai sun iyakance ga gwaji 95. ”
10) Ingancin matakan kariya na mutum don rage yaduwar cutar mura: nazari na yau da kullun da nazarin meta, Saunders-Hastings, 2017	"Yin amfani da fuskar bangon waya ya ba da sakamako mara mahimmanci (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.16-1.71; I² = 48% akan kamuwa da cutar mura ta 2009."
11) Binciken gwaji na watsawar iska na cikin gida da tarawa a cikin mahallin COVID-19: tasirin abin rufe fuska da samun iska., Shah, 2021	"Duk da haka, manyan abubuwan rufe fuska, irin su KN95, har yanzu suna ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen tacewa (60% da 46% na R95 da Masks na KN95, bi da bi) fiye da zanen da aka fi amfani da shi (10%) da masks na tiyata (12%), sabili da haka har yanzu sune zaɓin da aka ba da shawarar don kawar da cutar ta iska."
12) Motsa jiki tare da abin rufe fuska; Shin muna sarrafa takobin shaidan? - Hasashen ilimin lissafi, Chandrasekaran, 2020	"Ayyukan motsa jiki tare da abin rufe fuska na iya rage iskar oxygen da kuma haɓaka tarkon iska don hana musayar carbon dioxide mai yawa. Hypoxia na hypercapnic na iya haɓaka yanayin acidic, nauyin zuciya, metabolism na anaerobic da nauyin koda, wanda zai iya ƙara haɓaka cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa.
13) Abubuwan rufe fuska na tiyata a cikin ɗakunan aiki na zamani - al'ada mai tsada da tsada?, Mitchell, 1991	"Bayan kaddamar da wani sabon dakin motsa jiki na binciken motsin iska ya nuna kwararar iska daga teburin aiki zuwa gabobin dakin. Nau'in kwayoyin halitta na baka da maza da mata masu aikin sa kai wadanda ba a rufe su ba da ke tsaye daya mita daya daga teburin sun kasa gurbata faranti da aka sanya a kan teburin.
14) Facemask na kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri tsakanin Alhazai: Gwajin da ba a so, Alfela, 2020	"Ta hanyar bincike-bincike da niyya, amfani da fuskar fuska bai yi kama da tasiri ba game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da aka tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje (rashin daidaituwa [OR], 1.4; 95% tazarar amincewa [CI], 0.9 zuwa 2.1, p = 0.18) ko kuma kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na asibiti (OR, 1.1; 95 zuwa CI)
15) Sauƙaƙan kariya ta numfashi - kimanta aikin tacewa na mashin zane da kayan masana'anta na yau da kullun akan ɓangarorin girman 20-1000 nm, Rengasamy, 2010	"Sakamakon da aka samu a cikin binciken ya nuna cewa kayan masana'anta na yau da kullun na iya ba da kariya ta gefe daga nanoparticles gami da waɗanda ke cikin girman nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta a cikin numfashi mai fitar da numfashi."
16) Ayyukan numfashi wanda masu ba da numfashi na N95 ke bayarwa da masks na tiyata: kimantawa batun ɗan adam tare da NaCl aerosol wanda ke wakiltar girman ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta., Lee, 2008	"Binciken ya nuna cewa N95 filtering facepiece respirators na iya kasa cimma matakin da ake sa ran kariya daga kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Bawul ɗin fitar da numfashi a kan N95 na numfashi ba ya shafar kariyar numfashi; ya zama madadin da ya dace don rage juriyar numfashi."
17) Shigar da Aerosol da halayen zubar da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da su a masana'antar kula da lafiya, Weber, 1993	"Mun kammala cewa kariyar da abin rufe fuska na tiyata zai iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin mahallin da ke ɗauke da iska mai girman ƙananan micrometer masu haɗari."
18) Abubuwan rufe fuska na fiɗa don hana kamuwa da raunin tiyata a cikin tsaftataccen tiyata, Vincent, 2016	"Mun hada da gwaje-gwaje guda uku, wadanda suka hada da jimlar mahalarta 2106. Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin adadin kamuwa da cuta tsakanin masu rufe fuska da kuma wadanda ba a san su ba a cikin kowane gwaji ... daga iyakar sakamakon ba a sani ba ko sanya abin rufe fuska na tiyata ta mambobin kungiyar tiyata yana da tasiri a kan raunin raunin raunin da ya faru ga marasa lafiya da ke yin aikin tiyata mai tsabta."
19) Mashin fuska na tiyata da za a iya zubarwa: nazari na yau da kullun, Lippa, 2005	"Daga taƙaitaccen sakamakon ba a sani ba ko sanya abin rufe fuska na tiyata yana haifar da wata illa ko fa'ida ga mara lafiyar da ake yi wa tsaftataccen tiyata."
20) Kwatanta Ingantacciyar Tace Na Likitan Non Woven Fabrics da Ƙwayoyin Aerosols Daban-daban guda Uku, Shimasaki, 2018	"Mun kammala cewa gwajin ingancin tacewa ta amfani da phi-X174 phage aerosol na iya yin la'akari da aikin kariya na yadudduka marasa saƙa tare da tsarin tacewa idan aka kwatanta da na ainihin ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayar mura."
21) Yin amfani da abin rufe fuska da na numfashi don hana kamuwa da mura: nazari na yau da kullun na shaidar kimiyya21) Amfani da masks da masu jan numfashi don hana yaduwar mura: nazari na yau da kullun game da shaidar kimiyya, Bin-Reza, 2012	Yin amfani da abin rufe fuska da na'urorin numfashi don hana kamuwa da mura: nazari na yau da kullun na shaidar kimiyya "Babu ɗayan binciken da ya tabbatar da kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin amfani da abin rufe fuska / numfashi da kariya daga kamuwa da mura.
22) Kariyar fuska ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a lokacin bala'in annoba: bita mai ma'ana, Godoy, 2020	"Idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska na tiyata, masu aikin numfashi na N95 suna yin aiki mafi kyau a cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, na iya ba da kariya mafi girma a cikin saitunan marasa lafiya da kuma yin daidai a cikin saitunan marasa lafiya. babu samuwa."
23) Ƙimar Ƙwarewar Tallafin Mashin N95 Tsakanin Jama'a a Singapore, Yau, 2020	“Wadannan binciken sun goyi bayan shawarwarin da ake ci gaba da yi game da amfani da abin rufe fuska na N95 da jama’a ke yi yayin bala’in COVID-19.⁵ Amfani da abin rufe fuska na N95 da jama'a ke yi ba zai iya fassara zuwa ingantaccen kariya ba amma a maimakon haka yana ba da tabbacin karya. Bayan abin rufe fuska na N95, ƙwarewar jama'a a cikin ba da gudummawar abin rufe fuska yana buƙatar tantancewa."
24) Ƙimar ingancin abin rufe fuska na zane a cikin rage ɓarnatar da abubuwan da ba su da tushe, Shakiya, 2017	"An yi amfani da daidaitaccen aikin abin rufe fuska na N95 azaman sarrafawa don kwatanta sakamakon tare da abin rufe fuska, kuma sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska yana da fa'ida kaɗan kawai don kare mutane daga barbashi <2.5 μm."
25) Amfani da abin rufe fuska na tiyata don rage yawan kamuwa da mura a tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a Japan: gwajin da aka sarrafa bazuwar, Yakubu, 2009	"Ba a nuna amfani da abin rufe fuska ba a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya don samar da fa'ida dangane da alamun sanyi ko kamuwa da mura."
26) N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks don Hana Mura Tsakanin Ma'aikatan Kula da Lafiya, Radonovich, 2019	"Daga cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na marasa lafiya, masu ba da numfashi na N95 da abin rufe fuska na likitanci kamar yadda mahalarta wannan gwajin ke sawa ba su haifar da wani babban bambanci a cikin kamuwa da cutar mura da aka tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje ba."
27) Shin Abubuwan rufe fuska na Duniya suna raguwa ko haɓaka yaduwar COVID-19?, Watts up with that? 2020	"Bincike na binciken da aka yi bita na ƙwararru ya nuna cewa sanya abin rufe fuska na duniya (sabanin sanya abin rufe fuska a takamaiman wurare) baya rage watsa ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi daga mutanen da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska ga mutanen da ba sa sanya abin rufe fuska."
28) Masking: Nazari a Tsanake na Shaidar, Alexander, 2021	"A zahiri, ba ma'ana ba ne a wannan lokacin a yanke shawarar cewa abin rufe fuska da fuska, da ake amfani da su kamar yadda suke a halin yanzu, ba su da wani tasiri kan sarrafa yaduwar kwayar cutar ta Covid-19, kuma shaidar yanzu tana nuna cewa abin rufe fuska na iya zama cutarwa."
29) Bayyanar Abubuwan Tuntuɓar Al'umma da Kusa da Abokan hulɗa da COVID-19 Daga Cikin Manya Masu Alamun ≥18 Shekaru a cikin Wuraren Kiwon Lafiyar Jiki 11 - Amurka, Yuli 2020, Fisher, 2020	An ba da rahoton halayen manya masu alamun alamun shekaru ≥18 waɗanda suka kasance marasa lafiya a cikin cibiyoyin kula da lafiya na ilimi na Amurka 11 kuma waɗanda suka sami sakamako mai kyau da mummunan sakamakon gwajin SARS-CoV-2 (N = 314) * - Amurka, Yuli 1-29, 2020, ya bayyana cewa kashi 80% na masu kamuwa da cutar sun sanya abin rufe fuska kusan duka ko mafi yawan lokaci.
30) Tasirin matakan da ba na magunguna ba a kan COVID-19 a Turai: nazari na gwaji, Mafarauci, 2020	Abubuwan rufe fuska a cikin jama'a ba su da alaƙa da raguwar abin da ya faru.
31) Masking rashin shaida tare da siyasa, CEBM, Heneghan, 2020	"Zai bayyana cewa duk da shekaru 20 na shirye-shiryen barkewar cutar, akwai rashin tabbas game da darajar sanya abin rufe fuska. Misali, yawan kamuwa da cutar da abin rufe fuska na iya zama saboda illolin da abin rufe fuska ke haifarwa, ko fa'idodin abin rufe fuska na likitanci.
32) Yaduwar COVID-19 a cikin gungu 282 a Catalonia, Spain: nazarin ƙungiyar, Markus, 2021	"Ba mu lura da wata alaƙa da haɗarin watsawa tare da amfani da abin rufe fuska ta hanyar lambobin sadarwa ba, tare da shekaru ko jima'i na shari'ar index, ko tare da kasancewar alamun numfashi a cikin lamarin a farkon ziyarar binciken."
33) Matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a marasa magunguna don rage haɗarin da tasirin annoba da mura, WHO, 2020	"An haɗa RCT guda goma a cikin meta-bincike, kuma babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa abin rufe fuska yana da tasiri wajen rage yaduwar cutar mura-wanda aka tabbatar a dakin gwaje-gwaje."
34) Masking da ba a sani ba na Amurka, Younes, 2020	"Wani rahoto ya kai ga ƙarshe bisa lura da wani"guntun kai a haɗe da na'urar kwaikwayo na numfashi. " wani nazarin amfani da abin rufe fuska na tiyata a kan mutanen da ke fuskantar aƙalla alamomi biyu na rashin lafiyar numfashi. Ba zato ba tsammani, ba ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan karatun ba sanya abin rufe fuska ko kuma yin lissafin amfani da abin rufe fuska na zahiri (ko rashin amfani) a tsakanin talakawa, kuma babu wani ingantaccen ingancin saka abin rufe fuska ta hanyar mutanen da ba su nuna alamun cutar ba. Babu wata shaida ko ta yaya ya kamata mutane masu lafiya su sanya abin rufe fuska yayin gudanar da rayuwarsu, musamman a waje. "
35) Facemasks da makamantan shingen don hana cututtukan numfashi kamar COVID-19: bita mai sauri, Brainard, 2020	"31 binciken da ya cancanta (ciki har da 12 RCTs). Ƙididdigar labarun da bazuwar-sakamakon meta-bincike na yawan hare-hare don rigakafin firamare da sakandare a cikin binciken 28. Bisa ga RCTs za mu yanke cewa saka facemasks na iya zama dan kadan mai kariya daga kamuwa da cuta na farko daga saduwa da jama'a, kuma yana da kariya daga kamuwa da cututtuka na gida, duk da haka, sau da yawa masu fama da cutar RCT suna fama da matsalolin gida. daga rashin bin ka'ida da sarrafawa ta amfani da abin rufe fuska."
36) Shekarar Mutuwa, Kofe, 2020	"Bai kamata a hukunta masu lafiya a cikin al'ummarmu don samun lafiya ba, wanda shine ainihin abin da kulle-kulle, nisantar da kai, abin rufe fuska, da dai sauransu ... Kada yara su sanya suturar fuska. Dukanmu muna buƙatar mu'amala akai-akai tare da muhallinmu kuma hakan gaskiya ne musamman ga yara. abin ba'a, gwiwoyi kuma yana buƙatar janyewa a jefar da shi a cikin kwandon shara na manufofin bala'i, tare da kulle-kulle da rufe makarantu.
37) Bude Makarantu, Covid-19, da Ciwon Yara da Malamai a Sweden, Ludvigsson, 2020	"Yara 1,951,905 a Sweden (daga ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2019) waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru 1 zuwa 16, an gwada su… an ƙarfafa nisantar da jama'a a Sweden, amma sanya abin rufe fuska ba…
38) Amfanin Masking Double-Masking Are Limited, Japan Supercomputer Nemo, Reidy, 2021	"Sanya abin rufe fuska biyu yana ba da iyakataccen fa'ida don hana yaduwar ɗigon ruwa wanda zai iya ɗaukar coronavirus idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska mai kyau, a cewar wani binciken Jafananci wanda ya tsara tarwatsa ɗigon ruwa akan na'urar kwamfuta."
39) Harkokin jiki don katse ko rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi. Sashe na 1 - Maskuran fuska, kariyar ido da nisantar da mutum: nazari na tsari da meta-bincike, Jefferson, 2020	"Babu isassun shaidun da za su ba da shawara kan amfani da shingen fuska ba tare da wasu matakan ba. Mun sami isassun shaidun da ke nuna bambanci tsakanin abin rufe fuska da na'urar numfashi na N95 da kuma iyakataccen shaida don tallafawa tasirin keɓe."
40) Shin ya kamata mutane a cikin al'umma ba tare da alamun numfashi ba su sanya abin rufe fuska don rage yaduwar COVID-19?, NIPH, 2020	"Masu rufe fuska da ba na likitanci sun haɗa da kayayyaki iri-iri. Babu wani tabbataccen tabbaci na tasirin abin rufe fuska ba na likitanci ba a cikin saitunan al'umma. Akwai yuwuwar samun bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci a cikin inganci tsakanin samfuran. Duk da haka, akwai iyakataccen shaida daga binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na yuwuwar bambance-bambancen tasiri lokacin da ake amfani da samfuran daban-daban a cikin al'umma."
41) Shin abin rufe fuska ya zama dole a gidan wasan kwaikwayo?, Kuma, 1981	"Da alama za a iya samun mafi ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar rashin sanya abin rufe fuska kwata-kwata amma yin aiki cikin shiru. Duk abin da ke da alaƙa da cutarwa, ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin cuta, ko yada squames, babu wata shaida kai tsaye cewa sanya abin rufe fuska yana rage kamuwa da rauni."
42) Mashin tiyata shine mummunan dacewa don rage haɗariNeilson, 2016	"A kwanan nan kamar 2010, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Amurka ta ba da sanarwar cewa, a cikin yanayin al'umma, "ba a tsara abin rufe fuska ko kuma ba da takaddun shaida don kare mai sawa daga kamuwa da haɗarin numfashi." Yawancin bincike sun nuna rashin ingancin abin rufe fuska na tiyata a cikin gidajen gida don hana yaduwar kwayar cutar mura."
43) Facemask tare da Babu Facemask don Hana Cututtukan Cutar Kwayar cuta A Yayin Aikin Hajji: Gwajin Buɗaɗɗen Lakabin Rukunin Rarraba, Alfela, 2019	"Amfani da abin rufe fuska baya hana kamuwa da cutar numfashi ta asibiti ko dakin gwaje-gwaje a tsakanin alhazai."
44) Facemasks a cikin COVID-19 zamanin: Tsarin kiwon lafiya, Vainshelboim, 2021	"Shaidun kimiyya da ke akwai suna ƙalubalantar aminci da ingancin sanya abin rufe fuska a matsayin rigakafin cutar COVID-19. Bayanan sun nuna cewa duka fuskokin likitanci da marasa magani ba su da tasiri don toshe watsa kwayar cutar zuwa mutum-da-mutum kamar SARS-CoV-2 da COVID-19, suna ba da tallafi ga amfani da fuskokin fuska. Wadannan sun hada da hypoxia, hypercapnia, shortness na numfashi, ƙara yawan acidity da toxicity, kunna tsoro da amsa damuwa, tashi a cikin hormones na damuwa, rigakafi, gajiya, ciwon kai, raguwa a cikin aikin fahimi, predisposition ga cututtuka na kwayar cuta da cututtuka, damuwa na kullum, damuwa da damuwa. "
45) Amfani da masks da masu jan numfashi don hana yaduwar mura: nazari na yau da kullun game da shaidar kimiyya, Bin-Reza, 2011	"Babu daya daga cikin binciken da ya samar da kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin amfani da abin rufe fuska/hankali da kariya daga kamuwa da mura. Wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa amfani da abin rufe fuska ya fi dacewa da aiwatar da shi a matsayin wani bangare na kariya ta mutum musamman tsabtace hannu."
46) Shin Masks ɗin Fuska yana da tasiri? Shaida., Binciken Manufofin Swiss, 2021	"Mafi yawan binciken da aka samu kadan zuwa babu wata shaida game da tasirin abin rufe fuska a cikin jama'a baki daya, ba a matsayin kayan kariya na sirri ko kuma a matsayin tushen sarrafawa."
47) Cututtukan raunuka bayan tiyata da abin rufe fuska na tiyata: Nazarin sarrafawa, Tuneval, 1991	"Wadannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa za a iya sake yin la'akari da amfani da abin rufe fuska. Ana iya amfani da abin rufe fuska don kare ƙungiyar masu aiki daga digon jini mai kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta, amma ba a tabbatar da cewa suna kare majinyacin da ƙwararrun ma'aikacin lafiya ke sarrafa su ba."
48) Umurnin abin rufe fuska da amfani da inganci a cikin matakan COVID-19 na jihar, Garin, 2021	"Hukunce-hukuncen abin rufe fuska da amfani ba su da alaƙa da saurin yaduwar COVID-19 na jihar yayin haɓakar haɓakar COVID-19."
49) Dalilai 20 Dole ne Masks na fuska ba su da aminci, mara inganci da kuma lalata, Manley, 2021	"A Bita na tallafin CDC A kan rufe fuska a watan Mayu 2020 ya zo ga ƙarshe: "Duk da cewa binciken injiniya ya goyi bayan tasirin tsaftar hannu ko abin rufe fuska, shaida daga gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar 14 na waɗannan matakan ba su goyi bayan wani tasiri mai tasiri kan watsa cutar mura da aka tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje ba… Idan abin rufe fuska ba zai iya dakatar da mura na yau da kullun ba, ta yaya za su daina SAR-CoV-2?
50) Gwajin bazuwar abubuwan rufe fuska idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska na likita a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, MacIntyre, 2015	"Na farko RCT na zane-zane, da sakamakon da aka yi taka tsantsan game da yin amfani da kayan rufe fuska. Wannan wani muhimmin bincike ne don sanar da lafiyar sana'a da aminci. Tsayar da danshi, sake yin amfani da suturar zane da kuma rashin daidaituwa na iya haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ... ƙimar duk sakamakon kamuwa da cuta ya kasance mafi girma a cikin hannun rigar zane, tare da ƙimar ILI ƙididdiga ta ƙididdigewa = 13.00 hannun rigar. CI 95 zuwa 1.69) idan aka kwatanta da hannun mashin likita. Rukunin abin rufe fuska idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar masu rufe fuska ta likitanci ya kusan kashi 100.07% kuma abin rufe fuska na likita 6.64%.
51) Horowitz: Bayanai daga Indiya na ci gaba da rusa labarin tsoro na 'Delta', Blazemedia, 2021	"Maimakon tabbatar da buƙatar shuka ƙarin firgici, tsoro, da iko akan mutane, labarin daga Indiya - tushen bambance-bambancen "Delta" - ya ci gaba da karyata duk wani jigo na yanzu na fasikanci na COVID…
52) Barkewar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 Delta bambance-bambancen (B.1.617.2) a wani asibitin kula da sakandare a Finland, Mayu 2021, Hetemäki, 2021	Rahoto kan a barkewar asibiti na asibiti a Finland, Hetemäli et al. ya lura cewa "an sami duka alamun alamun cutar da cututtukan asymptomatic a tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi, kuma watsa ta biyu ta faru daga waɗanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka duk da amfani da kayan kariya na sirri."
53) Barkewar nosocomial wanda bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 Delta ya haifar a cikin yawan alurar riga kafi, Isra'ila, Yuli 2021, Shirin, 2021	a cikin wata barkewar asibiti bincike a Isra'ila, Shitrit et al. An lura da "babban watsawa na bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 Delta tsakanin mutanen da aka yi wa allurar rigakafin sau biyu da masu rufe fuska." Sun kara da cewa "wannan yana nuna wasu raguwar rigakafi, duk da cewa har yanzu suna ba da kariya ga mutane ba tare da kamuwa da cuta ba." Hakanan, duk da amfani da kayan kariya na sirri.
54) Nazarin 47 sun tabbatar da rashin tasirin abin rufe fuska don COVID kuma 32 ƙarin sun tabbatar da mummunan tasirin lafiyar su, Ma'aikatan labarai na Lifesite, 2021	"Ba a buƙatar nazarin da za a yi don tabbatar da wannan aikin tun da yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka fahimta sun yi ƙanƙanta da za a iya dakatar da su ta hanyar sanya mafi yawan abin rufe fuska, ban da nagartattun waɗanda aka tsara don wannan aikin kuma waɗanda ke da tsada da rikitarwa ga jama'a don sawa da kyau da kuma ci gaba da canzawa ko tsaftacewa. An kuma fahimci cewa dogon abin rufe fuska ba shi da lafiya ga masu sanye da hankali da kuma dalilan kimiyya. "
55) Shin Face Masks na EUA yana da tasiri a cikin Rage Yaɗuwar Cutar Kwayar cuta?, Domin, 2021	Babban shaida ya nuna cewa masks ba su da tasiri.
56) Nazarin CDC ya gano mafi yawan mutanen da ke kamuwa da cutar ta coronavirus sun sanya abin rufe fuska, Boyd/Federaliya, 2021	“Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka Rahoton wanda aka saki a watan Satumba ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska da rufe fuska ba su da tasiri wajen hana yaduwar COVID-19, har ma ga mutanen da ke sanya su akai-akai. "
57) Yawancin Nazarin Masks Shara ne, Eugyppius, 2021	"Sauran nau'in binciken, nau'in da ya dace, zai zama gwajin da ba a sani ba. Kuna kwatanta adadin kamuwa da cuta a cikin rukunin masu rufe fuska da adadin kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙungiyar da ba a rufe ba. Gwajin sarrafa bazuwar Danish, wanda ya gano cewa masks ba su da sifili. Lokacin da wannan takarda ta ƙarshe ta yi kururuwa a bugawa, sun kwashe ƙarin watanni suna ƙoƙari su huta a cikinta. Kuna iya jin kwanciyar hankalinsu mara iyaka lokacin karatun Bangladesh a karshe ya bayyana ya cece su a farkon watan Satumba. Kowane blue-check na Twitter na ƙarshe zai iya yin shelar cewa Kimiyya yana Nuna Ayyukan Masks. Irin wannan shine yunwar da suke da ita na kowace irin shedar da za ta tabbatar da hukuncin da aka yanke musu a baya, cewa babu ɗayansu da ya lura da halin baƙin ciki na Kimiyyar da ake magana a kai. Binciken ya sami raguwar 10% kawai a cikin ɓarna a tsakanin ƙungiyar da aka rufe, wani tasiri sosai har ya faɗi cikin tazarar amincewa. Hatta marubutan binciken ba za su iya ware yuwuwar cewa abin rufe fuska ba a zahiri ba shi da komai. ”
58) Amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin al'umma: sabuntawa na farko, ECDC, 2021	"Babu wani ingantacciyar shaida da ke goyon bayan abin rufe fuska kuma ya ba da shawarar amfani da su kawai bisa ga 'ka'idar taka tsantsan. "
59) Shin matakan jiki kamar wanke hannu ko sanya abin rufe fuska suna dakatar ko rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi?, Cochrane, 2020	"Nazari bakwai sun faru a cikin al'umma, kuma bincike guda biyu a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. Idan aka kwatanta da saka abin rufe fuska, saka abin rufe fuska na iya yin ɗan bambanci ga yawan mutanen da suka kamu da cutar mura (nazarin 9; mutane 3507); kuma mai yiwuwa ba shi da bambanci a cikin adadin mutane da suka kamu da mura ta hanyar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
60) Kariyar bakin-hanci a cikin jama'a: Babu shaidar tasiri, Thieme/ Kappstein, 2020	"Amfani da abin rufe fuska a wuraren jama'a abin tambaya ne kawai saboda karancin bayanan kimiyya. Idan kuma mutum ya yi la'akari da matakan da suka dace, dole ne a yi la'akari da abin rufe fuska a matsayin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a wuraren jama'a bisa ga ka'idodin da aka sani daga asibitoci…. kamar yadda hukumomin kiwon lafiya na duniya suka bayyana, duk hukumomi za su ma su sanar da jama'a cewa bai kamata a sanya abin rufe fuska ba a wuraren jama'a kwata-kwata, saboda komai ya zama wajibi ga dukkan 'yan kasa ko kuma 'yan kasar da suke son hakan ta kowane hali, ya kasance gaskiyar cewa abin rufe fuska na iya yin illa fiye da alheri a cikin jama'a.
61) Jagoran abin rufe fuska na Amurka ga yara shine mafi tsauri a duk duniya, Skelding, 2021	"Yara suna buƙatar ganin fuskoki," Jay Bhattacharya, farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Stanford, ya gaya wa The Post. Matasa suna kallon bakunan mutane don koyon magana, karantawa da fahimtar motsin zuciyarmu, in ji shi. "Muna da wannan ra'ayin cewa wannan cuta tana da muni don haka dole ne mu yi amfani da duk wata hanya da ta dace don hana ta yaduwa," in ji shi. "Ba wai abin rufe fuska ba a makarantu ba shi da farashi, a zahiri suna da tsada sosai."
62) Rufe yara kanana a makaranta yana cutar da koyon harshe, Walsh, 2021	"Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda yara da / ko dalibai ba su da damar magana ko harshe da manya suke da su - ba su da ikon iya ganin fuska kuma musamman ma baki yana da mahimmanci ga ilimin harshe wanda yara da / ko dalibai ke shiga a kowane lokaci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ikon ganin bakin ba kawai yana da mahimmanci ga sadarwa ba amma yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kwakwalwa. "
63) Shari'ar Cin Gindi Ga Yara, Makary, 2021	"Yana da cin zarafi a tilasta wa yaran da ke gwagwarmaya tare da su sadaukarwa don kare wadanda ba su da allurar rigakafi… Shin masks suna rage yaduwar cutar ta Covid a cikin yara? Ku yi imani da shi ko a'a, za mu iya samun nazari guda ɗaya kawai game da tambayar, kuma sakamakonsa bai cika ba. ba tare da la'akari da yawan kamuwa da cuta a cikin al'ummarsu ba, hukumomi a wurare da yawa sun dauki nauyin aiwatar da umarni a makarantu da sauran wurare, a kan ka'idar cewa abin rufe fuska ba zai iya cutar da su ba. Rashin jin daɗin abin rufe fuska yana kawar da hankalin wasu yara daga koyo ta hanyar haɓaka juriya na iska yayin fitar numfashi, abin rufe fuska na iya haifar da ƙara yawan carbon dioxide a cikin jini vectors ga pathogens idan sun zama danshi ko aka yi amfani da su na dogon lokaci."
64) Dokokin Rufe Fuska, Peavey, 2021	"Hukunce-hukuncen Rufe fuska da Me yasa basa da inganci."
65) Shin masks suna aiki? Binciken shaidu, Anderson, 2021	"A gaskiya, jagorar CDC, ta Burtaniya, da WHO ta farko sun fi dacewa da mafi kyawun bincike na likita game da tasirin abin rufe fuska don hana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa yawancin watannin Amurkawa na saka abin rufe fuska ba ya haifar da ƙarancin fa'ida ga lafiya kuma wataƙila ma ya kasance mai tasiri wajen hana yaduwar sabon coronavirus."
66) Yawancin abin rufe fuska ba za su daina COVID-19 a cikin gida ba, in ji binciken, Anderer, 2021	"Sabon bincike ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska yana tace kashi 10% na iska mai fitar da iska, tare da mutane da yawa ba sa sanya suturar da ta dace da fuskar su yadda ya kamata."
67) Yadda abin rufe fuska da kulle-kulle suka kasa/Wauta abin rufe fuska a baya, Binciken Manufofin Swiss, 2021	"Hukunce-hukuncen abin rufe fuska da kulle-kulle ba su da wani tasiri mai tasiri."
68) CDC Ta Saki Nazarin Isar da COVID na Makaranta Amma Ya Binne Ɗaya daga cikin Mafi Mummunan Sassan, Davis, 2021	"Kashi 21% na abubuwan da suka faru a makarantun da ke buƙatar amfani da abin rufe fuska a tsakanin ɗalibai ba su da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da makarantun da ake amfani da abin rufe fuska na zaɓi ne… kwayar cutar… cewa abin rufe fuska na ɗalibai ya kasa nuna fa'ida mai zaman kanta sakamakon sakamako ne kuma babban sha'awa. "
69) Taron cikin gida na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, COVID-19 - taron manema labarai - 30 Maris 2020, 2020	"Wannan tambaya ce a kan Ostiriya. Gwamnatin Ostiriya tana da sha'awar sanya kowa ya sanya abin rufe fuska da ke shiga shagunan. Na fahimci daga bayanan da muka yi da ku a baya cewa bai kamata jama'a su sanya abin rufe fuska ba saboda suna da karancin abin rufe fuska. Me za ku ce game da sabbin matakan Austrian?… Memba na jama'a shine hana wannan mutumin ya ba da cutar ga wani ba gabaɗaya ba mu ba da shawarar sanya abin rufe fuska a bainar jama'a ta wasu mutane masu kyau saboda har yanzu ba a haɗa shi da wata fa'ida ta musamman ba.
70) Abubuwan rufe fuska don hana watsa kwayar cutar mura: nazari na yau da kullun, Kowling, 2010	"Bita yana nuna ƙayyadaddun tushen shaidar da ke tallafawa inganci ko ingancin abin rufe fuska don rage watsa kwayar cutar mura." "Babu wani binciken da aka yi nazari da ya nuna fa'idar sanya abin rufe fuska, a cikin HCW ko membobin al'umma. gidaje (H)."
71) Ingancin masu ba da numfashi na N95 tare da masks na tiyata don kare ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daga kamuwa da cutar ta numfashi: nazari na yau da kullun da meta-bincike, Smith, 2016	"Kodayake masu aikin numfashi na N95 sun bayyana suna da fa'idar kariya akan abin rufe fuska na tiyata a cikin saitunan dakin gwaje-gwaje, meta-binciken mu ya nuna cewa babu isassun bayanai don tantance tabbatacciyar ko masu numfashi na N95 sun fi abin rufe fuska don kare ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daga kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi a cikin saitunan asibiti."
72) Ingancin Masks da Masu Numfashi Game da Cututtukan Numfashi a cikin Ma'aikatan Kiwon Lafiya: Bita na Tsari da Meta-Analysis, Offedu, 2017	"Mun sami shaida don tallafawa amfani da abin rufe fuska na duniya a cikin saitunan asibiti a matsayin wani ɓangare na matakan sarrafa kamuwa da cuta don rage haɗarin CRI da ILI a tsakanin HCWs. Gabaɗaya, masu ba da numfashi na N95 na iya ba da kariya mafi girma, amma amfani da duniya gabaɗaya yayin canjin aiki yana iya zama ƙasa da karbuwa saboda rashin jin daɗi…. A cikin irin waɗannan lokuta, abin rufe fuska na likita guda ɗaya ya fi dacewa da abin rufe fuska, wanda babu wata shaida ta kariya kuma wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe watsa ƙwayoyin cuta lokacin da aka yi amfani da su akai-akai ba tare da isassun haifuwa ba…. na karatun da ke da saurin bayar da rahoton son zuciya da rashin ikon kididdiga."
73) N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks don Hana Mura Tsakanin Ma'aikatan Kula da Lafiya, Radonovich, 2019	"Amfani da na'urorin numfashi na N95, idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska na likitanci, a cikin wuraren jinya bai haifar da wani gagarumin bambanci a cikin adadin cutar mura da aka tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje ba."
Ingancin masu ba da numfashi na N95 tare da masks na tiyata don rigakafin mura: bita na tsari da meta-bincike74) Masks Ba Ya Aiki: Bita na Kimiyya da ke da alaƙa da Manufar zamantakewa ta COVID-19, Rancourt, 2020	Amfani da na'urorin numfashi na N95 idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska na tiyata ba shi da alaƙa da rage haɗarin kamuwa da mura da ɗakin gwaje-gwaje. Yana ba da shawarar cewa bai kamata a ba da shawarar masu aikin numfashi na N95 ga jama'a da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya waɗanda ba su da kusanci a cikin marasa lafiya na mura ko waɗanda ake zargi da cutar. "Babu wani binciken RCT tare da ingantaccen sakamako wanda ya nuna fa'ida ga HCW ko membobin al'umma a cikin gidaje don sanya abin rufe fuska ko na numfashi. Babu irin wannan binciken. Babu wasu keɓancewa. Haka nan, babu wani binciken da ya wanzu wanda ke nuna fa'ida daga fa'idar siyasa mai fa'ida don sanya abin rufe fuska a bainar jama'a (ƙari akan wannan ƙasa). Bugu da ƙari kuma, idan akwai wata fa'ida ga sanya abin rufe fuska, saboda toshewa, dole ne a sami ƙarin fa'ida daga ɗigon ruwa. mai numfashi (N95) idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska na tiyata, duk da haka manyan bincike-bincike da yawa, da duk RCT, sun tabbatar da cewa babu irin wannan fa'idar dangi.
75) Fiye da Dozin Dozin Masu Sahihanci na Nazarin Likita sun tabbatar da abin rufe fuska ba ya aiki ko da a asibitoci!, Firstenberg, 2020	Jihohin Amurka 20 da ba su taba ba da umarnin sanya abin rufe fuska a gida da waje ba sun rage adadin mutuwar COVID-19 fiye da jihohi 30 da suka ba da umarnin rufe fuska. Yawancin jihohin da ba a rufe fuska ba suna da adadin mutuwar COVID-19 a kasa da 20 a cikin 100,000 na yawan jama'a, kuma babu wani adadin da ya fi mutuwa fiye da jihohi 55. Jihohi 13 ne da suka bukaci sanya abin rufe fuska a duk wuraren jama'a.
76) Shin maganin da aka dogara da shaida yana goyan bayan tasirin abin rufe fuska na tiyata don hana kamuwa da rauni bayan tiyata a zaɓen tiyata?, Bahli, 2009	"Daga iyakantattun gwaje-gwajen bazuwar har yanzu ba a bayyana cewa ko sanya abin rufe fuska na tiyata yana cutar da marasa lafiya da ake yi wa tiyata ba."
77) Rigakafin Peritonitis a cikin CAPD: don rufe fuska ko a'a?, figeiredo, 2000	"Binciken na yanzu yana nuna cewa yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na yau da kullun yayin musayar jakar CAPD na iya zama ba dole ba kuma ana iya dainawa."
78) Yanayin dakin tiyata kamar yadda mutane suka shafa da abin rufe fuska na tiyata, Ritter, 1975	"Sanye da abin rufe fuska na tiyata ba shi da wani tasiri a kan gurɓatar muhalli gabaɗaya a cikin dakin tiyata kuma mai yiwuwa yana aiki ne kawai don sake daidaita tasirin magana da numfashi. Mutane su ne babban tushen gurɓatar muhalli a cikin ɗakin tiyata."
79) Ingancin daidaitattun abubuwan rufe fuska na tiyata: bincike ta amfani da “barbashi mai ganowa, Ha'eri, 1980	"An nuna gurɓatar raunin raunin a cikin duk gwaje-gwajen. Tun da ba a gano ƙwayoyin microspheres a waje na waɗannan abubuwan rufe fuska ba, dole ne sun tsere a gefen abin rufe fuska kuma sun sami hanyar shiga cikin raunin."
80) Saka hula da abin rufe fuska ba lallai ba ne a lokacin catheterization na zuciya, Laslett, 1989	"An yi la'akari da kwarewar marasa lafiya 504 da ke fama da ciwon zuciya na hagu, suna neman shaida na dangantaka tsakanin ko caps da / ko masks da masu aiki ke sawa da kuma kamuwa da cuta.
81) Shin masu yin maganin sa barci suna buƙatar sanya abin rufe fuska na tiyata a gidan tiyata? Binciken wallafe-wallafe tare da shawarwari masu tushe, Skinner, 2001	Wani binciken da Leyland ya gudanar a shekarar 1993 ya nuna cewa kashi 20% na likitocin tiyata sun watsar da abin rufe fuska don aikin endoscopic. dalilin sanya su."
82) Ba a tallafa wa bayanan abin rufe fuska ga yara, Fari, 2021	"Ko da kuna son amfani da lokacin mura na 2018-19 don guje wa haɗuwa da farkon cutar ta COVID-19, CDC ta zana irin wannan hoto: Yana kiyasta Mura 480 ne suka mutu a tsakanin yara a wannan lokacin, tare da kwantar da mutane 46,000 a asibiti. COVID-19, cikin jinƙai, ba kawai mai kisa ba ne ga yara. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amurka, bayanan farko daga jihohi 45 show tsakanin 0.00% -0.03% na yara COVID-19 lokuta sun haifar da mutuwa. Lokacin da kuka haɗa waɗannan lambobi tare da CDC binciken wanda ya samo wajibcin abin rufe fuska ga ɗalibai - tare da samfuran haɗaka, nisantar da jama'a, da shingen aji - ba su da fa'ida mai mahimmanci wajen hana yaduwar COVID-19 a makarantu, dagewar da muke tilasta wa ɗalibai yin tsalle ta cikin waɗannan hoops don kariyar kansu ba ta da ma'ana. "
83) Lalacewar Masking Matasa Dalibai Gaskiya ne, Prasad, 2021	"Amfanin buƙatun abin rufe fuska a makarantu na iya zama a bayyane-dole ne su taimaka dauke da coronavirus, daidai ne?— amma hakan bazai zama haka ba. A Spain, ana amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin yara masu shekaru 6 da haihuwa. Mawallafin binciken daya a can sun yi nazarin haɗarin yaduwar kwayar cutar hoto a duk shekaru daban-daban. Idan masks ya ba da babbar fa'ida, to, yawan watsawa tsakanin masu shekaru 5 zai kasance da nisa-fiye da adadin masu shekaru 6. Sakamakon bai nuna hakan ba. Madadin haka, suna nuna ƙimar watsawa, waɗanda ke da ƙasa a cikin ƙananan yara, suna ƙaruwa akai-akai tare da shekaru-maimakon raguwa sosai ga manyan yara waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin buƙatun rufe fuska. Wannan yana nuna cewa rufe yara a makaranta baya ba da babbar fa'ida kuma yana iya ba da ko ɗaya. Kuma duk da haka jami'ai da yawa sun gwammace su ninka kan hurumin rufe fuska, kamar dai ainihin manufar tana da inganci kuma mutane ne kawai suka gaza. "
84) Masks A Makarantu: Rahoton Fumbles na Kimiyya na Amurka Kan Yaduwan Yaran COVID, Turanci/ACSH, 2021	"Masking wani ƙananan haɗari ne, tsaka-tsaki mai tsada. Idan muna so mu ba da shawarar shi a matsayin matakan riga-kafi, musamman ma a cikin yanayin da alurar riga kafi ba zaɓi ba ne, mai girma. Amma wannan ba shine abin da aka gaya wa jama'a ba. "Gwamnan Florida Ron DeSantis da 'yan siyasa a Texas sun ce bincike baya goyan bayan umarnin rufe fuska, "SciAm's ya nuna cewa binciken da aka yi ba daidai ba ne. cewa shiga tsakani yana aiki kafin ku ba da umarnin amfani da shi a makarantu Idan ba za ku iya ba, kun yarda da abin da UC San Francisco masanin ilimin halittar jini da Mataimakin Farfesa Vinay Prasad ya rubuta. na AtlanticA tsakiyar Maris 2020, 'yan kaɗan za su iya jayayya game da yin kuskure a gefe na taka tsantsan. Amma kusan watanni 18 bayan haka, muna da hakkin yara da iyayensu su amsa tambayar yadda ya kamata: Shin fa'idodin rufe yara masu gaskiya a makaranta sun fi kasala da amsar da za a iya samu a cikin wannan ba?
85) Masks 'ba sa aiki,' suna lalata lafiya kuma ana amfani da su don sarrafa yawan jama'a: Kwamitin Likitoci, Haynes, 2021	"Nazarin sarrafa bazuwar da aka taɓa yi akan abin rufe fuska ya nuna cewa ba sa aiki," in ji Dokta Nepute. Ya yi magana game da "karya mai kyau" na Dr. Anthony Fauci, wanda Fauci ya "canza wakarsa," daga Maris 2020. comments, inda ya yi watsi da bukata da ingancin sanya abin rufe fuska, kafin ya bukaci Amurkawa da su yi amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin shekara. "To karya yayi mana, to idan yayi karyar me kuma yayi miki?" Tambayoyi Nepute.Masks sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a kusan kowane wuri, ko a gida ko waje, amma Dr. Popper ya ambata yadda aka sami "babu karatu" wanda a zahiri yayi nazarin "sakamakon saka abin rufe fuska yayin duk lokacin farkawa." "Babu wani kimiyya don mayar da wannan kuma musamman babu kimiyya don mayar da gaskiyar cewa saka abin rufe fuska ashirin da hudu da bakwai ko kowane minti na farkawa, kiwon lafiya yana karawa.
86) Shigar da Aerosol ta hanyar masks na tiyata, Chen, 1992	"Mask ɗin da ke da mafi girman ingancin tattarawa ba lallai ba ne shine mafi kyawun abin rufe fuska daga ma'aunin ingancin tacewa, wanda yayi la'akari ba kawai ingancin kamawa ba har ma da juriya na iska.
87) CDC: Makarantun da ke da Dokokin rufe fuska ba su ga Mahimman ƙididdiga na ƙididdige ƙimar COVID daban-daban daga Makarantu tare da Manufofin Zaɓuɓɓuka, Miltimore, 2021	"CDC ba ta haɗa da binciken ta ba cewa" amfani da abin rufe fuska da ake buƙata tsakanin ɗalibai ba shi da mahimmancin ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da makarantun da amfani da abin rufe fuska ya kasance na zaɓi" a cikin taƙaitaccen rahotonta."
88) Horowitz: Bayanai daga Indiya na ci gaba da rusa labarin tsoro na 'Delta', Howorwitz, 2021	"Maimakon tabbatar da buƙatar shuka ƙarin firgita, tsoro, da iko akan mutane, labarin daga Indiya - tushen bambance-bambancen "Delta" - ya ci gaba da karyata duk wani jigo na yanzu na fasikanci na COVID… mafi yawan mutane suna kama da mura.1) Masks sun kasa hana yaɗuwar a wurin.2) Ƙasar ta zo kusa da garke na rigakafi da kashi 3% kawai.
89) Yaduwar SARS-CoV-2 Delta Bambancin Tsakanin Ma'aikatan Kiwon Lafiyar Alurar riga kafi, Vietnam, Chau, 2021	Duk da yake ba tabbataccen abu bane a cikin littafin LANCET, ana iya faɗi cewa ma'aikatan jinya duk an rufe su kuma suna da PPE da sauransu kamar yadda ya faru a Finland da Isra'ila barkewar cutar nosocomial, yana nuna gazawar PPE da abin rufe fuska don hana yaduwar Delta.
90) Shigar da Aerosol ta hanyar masks na tiyata, Willeke, 1992	"Mask ɗin da ke da mafi girman ingancin tattarawa ba lallai ba ne shine mafi kyawun abin rufe fuska daga ma'aunin ingancin tacewa, wanda yayi la'akari ba kawai ingancin kamawa ba har ma da juriya na iska.
91) Ingancin daidaitattun abubuwan rufe fuska na tiyata: bincike ta amfani da "barbashi mai ganowa", Wiley, 1980	"An nuna gurɓatar raunin raunin a cikin dukkan gwaje-gwajen. Tun da ba a gano ƙwayoyin microspheres a waje na waɗannan fuskokin fuska ba, dole ne sun zagaya gefen abin rufe fuska kuma sun sami hanyar shiga cikin raunin.
92) Shaida bisa Binciken Kimiyya na Me yasa Masks ba su da inganci, mara amfani, da cutarwa, Meehan, 2020	"Shekaru da yawa daga cikin mafi girman shaidar kimiyya (nazarin meta-nazarin gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar da yawa) sun yanke shawarar cewa abin rufe fuska na likitanci ba su da tasiri wajen hana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi, gami da SAR-CoV-2… wajibcin abin rufe fuska."
93) Budaddiyar Wasika Daga Likitocin Likitoci da Ma'aikatan Lafiya zuwa Duk Hukumomin Belgium da Duk Kafofin watsa labarai na Belgium, GASKIYA, 2020	"Masu rufe fuska a cikin mutane masu lafiya ba su da tasiri a kan yaduwar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta."
94) Ingancin masu ba da numfashi na N95 tare da masks na tiyata akan mura: nazari na yau da kullun da meta-bincike, Dogon, 2020	"Amfani da na'urorin numfashi na N95 idan aka kwatanta da abin rufe fuska na tiyata ba shi da alaƙa da ƙananan haɗarin kamuwa da cutar mura da aka tabbatar a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Yana nuna cewa bai kamata a ba da shawarar masu numfashi na N95 ga jama'a da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya marasa haɗari waɗanda ba su da kusanci da masu cutar mura ko waɗanda ake zargi da cutar."
95) Shawarwari kan amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin mahallin COVID-19, WHO, 2020	"Duk da haka, amfani da abin rufe fuska kadai bai isa ba don samar da isasshen kariya ko sarrafa tushe, kuma ya kamata a dauki wasu matakan sirri da na al'umma don dakile yada kwayar cutar numfashi."
96) Mashin Farce: yana da lafiya na mintuna 20 kacal, The Sydney Morning Herald, 2003	"Hukumomin lafiya sun yi gargadin cewa abin rufe fuska na tiyata ba zai zama ingantaccen kariya daga kwayar cutar ba." Waɗannan masks ɗin suna da tasiri ne kawai muddin sun bushe," in ji Farfesa Yvonne Cossart na Sashen Cututtuka na Jami'ar Sydney. za a buƙaci a canza amma waɗannan gargaɗin ba su hana mutane ɗaukar abin rufe fuska ba, tare da masu siyar da ba da rahoton cewa suna fuskantar matsala wajen biyan bukata.
97) Nazari: Sanya abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi yana iya yiwuwa ya fi haɗari fiye da abin rufe fuska kwata-kwata, Boyd, 2020 Tasirin sanya abin rufe fuska akan rashin lafiya da sanya iskar SARS-CoV-2 aerosols a cikin babbar hanyar iska ta mutum.	"A cewar masu bincike daga Jami'ar Massachusetts Lowell da Jami'ar Baptist Baptist ta California, wani nau'i mai nau'i uku na aikin tiyata yana da kashi 65 cikin 25 masu inganci wajen tace barbashi a cikin iska. Wannan tasiri, duk da haka, ya fadi zuwa kashi XNUMX cikin dari da zarar an yi amfani da shi. "Yana da dabi'a don tunanin cewa saka abin rufe fuska, komai sabo ko tsoho, ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance mafi kyau fiye da komai, " ya ce Mawallafin Jinxiang Xi ya ci gaba da cewa, "Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa wannan imani gaskiya ne kawai ga barbashi da suka fi mimitoci 5, amma ba ga barbashi masu kasa da mitoci 2.5 ba."
98) Bayyana Matsayin Wajibi na Amfani da Mashina Rufe Fuska don Sarrafa SARS-CoV-2 a Makarantu: Nazari-Gwaji da Aka Yi a cikin Ƙungiya ta Jama'a a Catalonia (Spain), Koma, 2022	Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan (Catalonia, Spain) da aka yi akan abin rufe fuska kuma tasirin su shine nazari na baya-bayan nan game da yawan jama'a tsakanin yara kusan 600,000 masu shekaru 3 zuwa 11 da ke halartar makarantun gaba da sakandare (shekaru 3-5, ba tare da rufe fuska ba) da ilimin firamare (shekaru 6-11, tare da umarnin rufe fuska) lambar haihuwa (R) ga kowane aji a lokacin farkon farkon farkon shekarar karatu na 2-2021, gami da nazarin bambance-bambance tsakanin ɗan shekara 2022, ba tare da rufe fuska ba, da yara masu shekaru 5, tare da umarni. Masu bincike sun gano cewa "lalacewar SARS-CoV-2 ya ragu sosai a makarantun gaba da sakandare fiye da ilimin firamare, kuma an lura da yanayin da ya dogara da shekaru. Yara masu shekaru 3 da 4 sun nuna ƙananan sakamako ga duk nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan da aka bincikar, yayin da yara masu shekaru 11 ke da ƙima mafi girma. Yara masu shekaru shida sun nuna mafi girma fiye da masu shekaru 5; vs 3: 54% · 3. [1% CI: 1 · 15-95 · 1]) da ƙananan ƙananan amma ba ƙididdiga ba SAR da R : SAR sun kasance 08 · 1% a cikin yara masu shekaru 22, da 4 · 36% a cikin 6 mai shekaru (IRR: 4 · 59 [5% CI: 0 · 96 - 95 · 0]) da kuma R*: 82 [1% CI: 11 · 0-9 · 0]), bi da bi. Gabaɗaya, umarnin rufe fuska (masu rufe fuska) a cikin makarantun da aka bincika ba su da alaƙa da ƙarancin cutar SARS-CoV-93 ko yaduwa, yana nuna cewa waɗannan abubuwan rufe fuska ba su da tasiri. ”
99) Daidaita Tsakanin Yarda da Masks da Sakamakon COVID-19 a Turai, Spira, 2022	"Manufar wannan ɗan gajeren binciken shine don nazarin dangantakar dake tsakanin amfani da abin rufe fuska game da cututtuka da yawan mace-mace a cikin hunturu na 2020-2021 a Turai. Bayanai daga ƙasashen Turai 35 game da cututtuka, mace-mace, da kuma amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin watanni shida an bincika kuma an keta su. Amfani da sakamakon COVID-19 sun kasance ko dai mara kyau ko tabbatacce, ya danganta da rukunin ƙasashe da nau'in sakamako (lala'i ko mutuwa).
100) Tasirin Foegen Hanyar da abin rufe fuska ke ba da gudummawa ga adadin mace-macen COVID-19, Fögen, 2022	"Mafi mahimmancin binciken daga wannan binciken shine sabanin tunanin da aka yarda cewa mutane kadan ne ke mutuwa saboda yawan kamuwa da cuta yana raguwa ta hanyar rufe fuska, wannan ba haka bane. Sakamako daga wannan binciken da karfi ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska ya haifar da kusan sau 1.5 adadin mace-mace ko kashi 50% na mace-mace idan aka kwatanta da babu umarnin rufe fuska. Yi biyayya da umarnin abin rufe fuska, an keɓe shi don dalilai na likita ko kuma kar a je wuraren jama'a inda umarnin rufe fuska ke aiki.
101) Ƙungiya tsakanin Dokokin Maskin Makaranta da Cutar Cutar SARS-CoV-2: Shaida daga Gwajin Halitta na Gundumomin K-12 Maƙwabta a Arewacin Dakota, Soda & Haka, 2022	Na musamman binciken "na biyu kusa da K-12 gundumomi a Fargo, North Dakota, daya wanda ke da abin rufe fuska umarni da kuma wanda ba a cikin fall na 2021-2022 ilimi shekara. A cikin hunturu, duka gundumomi sun rungumi wani masks-zaɓi manufar ba da damar wani ɓangare na crossover binciken zane. Mun lura da wani gagarumin bambanci tsakanin dalibi hali rates yayin da gundumomi 0.99% sun bambanta da manufofin IR.95. CI: 0.92 zuwa 1.07) kuma yayin da suke da manufofin abin rufe fuska iri ɗaya (IRR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.92 zuwa 1.16). Masu binciken sun kammala da cewa umarnin rufe fuska na makaranta "sun iyakance ga rashin tasiri kan adadin COVID-0.40 tsakanin daliban K-19."
102) Masks na Likita Da Masu Numfashi N95 don Hana COVID-19 Tsakanin Ma'aikatan Kula da Lafiya, Laraba, 2022	Masu bincike sun gano cewa duka abin rufe fuska na tiyata da N95 masu dacewa da abubuwan rufe fuska na COVID ba sa dakatar da kamuwa da cuta kamar yadda a cikin duka gwajin makamai (gwajin da ba na kasa da kasa ba), mahalarta sun kamu da cutar; haka kuma, babu wani bambanci tsakanin abin rufe fuska na tiyata da kuma abin rufe fuska na N95 dangane da dakatar da kamuwa da cuta. "A cikin binciken da aka yi niyya, RT-PCR-tabbatar da COVID-19 ya faru a cikin 52 na 497 (10.46%) mahalarta a cikin rukunin mashin likitanci tare da 47 na 507 (9.27%) a cikin rukunin numfashi na N95 (rashin haɗari [HR], 1.14 [95% CI, 0.77]). (1.69%) munanan abubuwan da suka shafi sa baki da aka ruwaito a cikin rukunin mashin likitanci da 47 (10.8%) a cikin rukunin N59.
103) Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin umarnin rufe fuska na makaranta da shari'o'in COVID-19 na yara a cikin babbar ƙungiya, Chandra, 2022	“An yi nasarar kwafin sakamakon asali ta hanyar amfani da kananan hukumomi 565; kananan hukumomin da ba sa rufe fuska suna da karin kararraki 30 na yau da kullun a cikin yara 100,000 bayan an sake bude makarantu makonni biyu. Duk da haka, bayan makonni tara, shari'o'in 100,000 sun kasance 18.3 a kananan hukumomi 15.8 idan aka kwatanta da XNUMX a cikin wadanda ba tare da su ba.p = 0.12). A cikin babban samfurin gundumomi 1832, tsakanin makonni 2 da 9, lokuta a cikin 100,000 sun faɗi da 38.2 da 37.9 a cikin gundumomi tare da ba tare da buƙatun abin rufe fuska ba, bi da bi (p = 0.93). Haɗin kai tsakanin umarnin abin rufe fuska na makaranta da shari'o'in ba su dawwama a cikin tsawaita samfurin ba. Nazarin lura na tsoma baki yana da sauƙi ga ƙiyayya da yawa kuma suna ba da isasshen shaida don ba da shawarar umarnin abin rufe fuska."
104) Harkokin jiki don katse ko rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi (Bita), Jefferson, 2023	An gudanar da karatun goma a cikin al'umma, kuma binciken biyu a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. Idan aka kwatanta da saka abin rufe fuska a cikin karatun al'umma kawai, sanya abin rufe fuska na iya yin ɗan bambanci a cikin nawa mutane da suka kamu da cuta mai kama da mura/COVID-kamar cuta (nazari 9; mutane 276,917); kuma tabbas yana da ɗan bambanci ko babu bambanci a cikin mutane nawa ne ke da mura/COVID da gwajin gwaji ya tabbatar (nazarin 6; mutane 13,919). Ba a cika samun rahoton tasirin da ba a so; an ambaci rashin jin daɗi. N95/P2 na numfashi Nazarin hudu sun kasance a cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, kuma karamin binciken daya kasance a cikin al'umma. Idan aka kwatanta da sanya abin rufe fuska na likitanci ko na tiyata, sanya kayan aikin numfashi na N95/P2 mai yiwuwa ba shi da bambanci a yawan mutane da suka tabbatar da mura (binciken 5; mutane 8407); kuma yana iya yin ɗan bambanci a cikin nawa mutane da ke kamuwa da cututtuka kamar mura (nazarin 5; mutane 8407), ko cututtukan numfashi (nazarin 3; mutane 7799). Ba a ba da rahoton sakamako mara kyau ba; an ambaci rashin jin daɗi.
HUKUNCIN MASKIYA
1) Umurnin abin rufe fuska da amfani da inganci don ɗaukar COVID-19 a cikin Amurka, Garin, 2021	"An ƙididdige jimlar ci gaban shari'ar COVID-19 da amfani da abin rufe fuska ga nahiyar Amurka tare da bayanai daga Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a.
2) Waɗannan zane-zane guda 12 suna Nuna Dokokin Masks Ba su Yi Komai Don Dakatar da COVID, Weiss, 2020	"Masks na iya aiki da kyau lokacin da aka rufe su da kyau, an daidaita su da kyau, ana canza su akai-akai, kuma suna da matattara da aka tsara don nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan ba yana wakiltar ɗayan abubuwan rufe fuska na yau da kullun da ake samu a kasuwannin mabukaci ba, wanda ke yin abin rufe fuska a duniya fiye da dabarun amincewa fiye da maganin likita… Ma'ana, don haka akidar ta ci gaba da wanzuwa labarin ya ce idan shari'o'i suka ragu saboda abin rufe fuska ya yi nasara saboda abin rufe fuska ya yi nasara wajen hana karin kararraki.
3) Dokokin Mask da alama suna sanya ƙimar kamuwa da cuta ta CCP ta hauhawa, Bincike ya ce, Vadum, 2020	“Dokokin kariya-mask da nufin yaƙar yaduwar cutar Kwayar cutar CCP wanda ke haifar da cutar Covid-19 da alama yana haɓaka yaduwar ta, a cewar wani rahoto daga RationalGround.com, gidan share fage na bayanan COVID-19 wanda gungun masu binciken bayanai, masana kimiyyar kwamfuta, da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo ke gudanarwa."
4) Horowitz: Cikakken bincike na jihohi 50 yana nuna babban yaduwa tare da umarnin abin rufe fuska, Howorwitz, 2020 Justin Hart	"Har yaushe 'yan siyasarmu za su yi watsi da sakamakon?… Sakamakon: Lokacin kwatanta jihohi tare da umarni da wadanda ba tare da, ko lokutan lokuta a cikin jihar da aka ba da izini ba tare da ba tare da ba, babu kwata-kwata babu wata shaida da wajibcin abin rufe fuska ya yi aiki don rage yaduwar cutar. a cikin 9,605,256 a kowace rana Lokacin da jihohi ba su da oda a duk faɗin jihar (wanda ya haɗa da jihohin da ba su taɓa samun su ba kuma lokacin rufewar jihohin ba su da wa'adin) akwai shari'o'i 5,907 sama da jimlar 27, matsakaicin lokuta 100,000 a cikin mutane 5,781,716 a rana.
5) CDC's Mask's Nazarin Nazarin Wa'azi: Ƙarshe, Alexander, 2021	"Don haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa CDC ta yanke shawarar kwanan nan game da amfani da matakan da ba na magunguna ba kamar abin rufe fuska a cikin cutar mura, yayi gargadin cewa "shaidar kimiyya daga gwaje-gwajen da bazuwar 14 na waɗannan matakan ba su goyi bayan wani tasiri mai tasiri akan watsawa ba..." Haka kuma, a cikin Daftarin jagora na 2019 na WHO game da matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a da ba na magunguna ba a cikin wata annoba, sun ba da rahoton yadda za su fuskanci abin rufe fuska cewa "babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa hakan yana da tasiri wajen rage watsawa…" Hakazalika, a cikin kyakkyawan bugawa zuwa na'urar kwaikwayo mai makafi biyu kwanan nan, mai rufe fuska biyu. CDC ta ce cewa "Abubuwan da aka gano na waɗannan simintin (amfani da amfani da abin rufe fuska) bai kamata a bayyana su ga tasiri ba… ko kuma a fassara su azaman wakilcin tasirin waɗannan abubuwan rufe fuska yayin sawa a cikin saitunan duniya."
6) Phil Kerpin, tweet, 2021 The Specta tor	"Nazarin farko na ilimin halittu game da abin rufe fuska na jihohi ya ba da umarni da amfani da su don haɗa bayanan hunturu: "Ci gaban shari'ar ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga ƙa'idodi a ƙananan ƙimar yaduwar al'umma, kuma amfani da abin rufe fuska bai yi hasashen ci gaban yanayin lokacin bazara ko raƙuman rani-Winter ba."
7) Yadda abin rufe fuska da kulle-kulle suka kasa, SPR, 2021	"An haifar da kamuwa da cuta da farko ta yanayin yanayi da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar, yayin da umarnin rufe fuska da kulle-kullen ba su da wani tasiri mai tasiri"
8) Binciken Tasirin Dokokin COVID-19 Mask akan Amfani da Albarkatun Asibiti da Mutuwar Mutuwa a Matsayin Lardi, Schauer, 2021	"Ba a sami raguwar yawan mace-macen yau da kullun ba, gadon asibiti, gadon ICU, ko wurin zama na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 wanda aka danganta da aiwatar da dokar sanya abin rufe fuska."
9) Shin muna buƙatar umarnin abin rufe fuska, Harris, 2021	"Amma abin rufe fuska ya zama ƙasa da amfani sosai a cikin cutar ta Sipaniya ta 1918 da ta biyo baya, wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa ta ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta California, alal misali, ruwaito cewa biranen Stockton, waɗanda ke buƙatar abin rufe fuska, da kuma Boston, waɗanda ba su yi ba, suna da ƙarancin adadin mutuwa daban-daban, don haka ana ba da shawara game da wajibcin abin rufe fuska ban da ƴan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kamar su wanzami…. Gwajin da aka sarrafa bazuwar (RCTs) akan amfani da abin rufe fuska, gabaɗaya ya fi dogaro fiye da karatun lura, kodayake ba ma'asumi ba, yawanci yana nuna wannan sutura da ƙaramin kariya. Wasu RCTs suna ba da shawarar cewa cikakken bin ka'idar madaidaicin abin rufe fuska na iya kiyaye mura, amma nazarin-nazari yana samun kaɗan gaba ɗaya don ba da shawarar cewa abin rufe fuska yana ba da kariya mai ma'ana. Ka'idodin WHO daga 2019 game da mura sun ce duk da "ƙwaƙƙwaran injina don yuwuwar tasiri" na masks, binciken ya nuna fa'ida kaɗan da za a iya kafa ta da wata tabbas. Wani wallafe-wallafe Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Hong Kong sun yarda. Mafi kyawun kimantawa don tasirin kariya na abin rufe fuska na tiyata akan mura, dangane da RCT guda goma da aka buga ta 2018, shine kawai kashi 22 cikin ɗari, kuma ba zai iya kawar da tasirin sifili ba. ”
CUTAR FUSKA
1) Karatun yaran Corona: Co-Ki: Sakamakon farko na rajistar Jamusanci kan rufe baki da hanci (mask) a cikin yara, Schwarz, 2021	"Matsakaicin lokacin sanya abin rufe fuska ya kasance mintuna 270 a kowace rana. Kashi 68% na iyaye sun ba da rahoton raunin da aka samu ta hanyar sanya abin rufe fuska. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rashin jin daɗi (60%), ciwon kai (53%), wahalar maida hankali (50%), ƙarancin farin ciki (49%), rashin son zuwa makaranta/kindergarten (44%), rashin jin daɗi (42%) (38%) ko rashin gajiya.
2) Ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari a kan abin rufe fuska na yara, Cabrera, 2021	"Masks sun gurbata da kwayoyin cuta, parasites, da fungi, ciki har da uku masu haɗari masu haɗari da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da ciwon huhu."
3) Masks, amincin karya da hatsarori na gaske, Sashe na 2: Kalubalen ƙwayoyin cuta daga abin rufe fuska, Borovoy, 2020/2021	"Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na abin rufe fuska daga matafiya 20 na jirgin kasa ya nuna cewa 11 daga cikin 20 masks da aka gwada sun ƙunshi fiye da 100,000 na ƙwayoyin cuta. An kuma gano ƙwayoyin cuta da yeasts. yanayi.
4) Rahoton farko game da abin rufe fuska na tiyata wanda ya haifar da deoxygenation yayin babban tiyata, Beder, 2008	"Layin la'akari da bincikenmu, yawan bugun jini na karuwa da kuma SpO2 ya ragu bayan sa'a ta farko. Wannan canji na farko a cikin SpO2 na iya zama ko dai saboda abin rufe fuska ko damuwa na aiki. Tun da ƙananan raguwa a cikin jikewa a wannan matakin, yana nuna raguwa mai yawa a cikin PaO2, bincikenmu na iya samun darajar asibiti ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da likitoci. "
5) Dokokin abin rufe fuska na iya shafar tunanin yaro, haɓakar hankali, Gillis, 2020	Amma abin da muka sani shi ne cewa yara, musamman a yara ƙanana, suna amfani da baki a matsayin wani ɓangare na dukan fuska don fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a kusa da su dangane da manya da sauran mutane a cikin muhallinsu har zuwa motsin zuciyar su. Har ila yau yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa harshe kuma ... game da wannan bangare na fuskar da ake rufewa, akwai yiwuwar hakan na iya yin tasiri, amma ba mu sani ba domin a gaskiya wannan lokaci ne da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, shi ne ko wannan zai iya taka rawa kuma ta yaya za mu iya dakatar da hakan idan hakan zai shafi ci gaban yara.
6) Ciwon kai da abin rufe fuska na N95 tsakanin masu ba da lafiya, Liman, 2006	"Masu ba da lafiya na iya haifar da ciwon kai sakamakon amfani da abin rufe fuska na N95."
7) Matsakaicin dacewa don Tufafi da Masks Tsarin Kiwon lafiya don Inganta Aiki da Rage watsawa da Bayyanar SARS-CoV-2, 2021, Brooks, 2021	"Duk da cewa yin amfani da abin rufe fuska biyu ko dunƙulewa da tukwici biyu ne daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa waɗanda za su iya haɓaka dacewa da haɓaka aikin abin rufe fuska don sarrafa tushe da kuma kariya ga mai sawa, masking biyu na iya hana numfashi ko hana hangen nesa ga wasu masu sawa, kuma kuɗawa da tuƙi na iya canza siffar abin rufe fuska ta yadda ba za ta ƙara rufe hanci da bakin mutanen da ke da manyan fuska ba."
8) Facemasks a cikin COVID-19 zamanin: Tsarin kiwon lafiya, Vainshelboim, 2021	"An nuna cewa an nuna abin rufe fuska yana da mummunar tasiri na ilimin lissafi da na tunani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da hypoxia, hypercapnia, shortness na numfashi, ƙara yawan acidity da toxicity, kunna tsoro da amsa damuwa, tashi a cikin hormones danniya, immunosuppression, gajiya, ciwon kai, raguwa a cikin aikin fahimi, predisposition ga cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka, da damuwa. "
9) Saka abin rufe fuska na iya jefa yara cikin hatsarin iskar carbon dioxide cikin MINTI UKU, in ji wani bincike., Shaheen/Daily Mail, 2021	"Binciken na Turai ya gano cewa yaran da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska na mintina kaɗan za su iya fuskantar haɗari ga matakan carbon dioxide… Yara arba'in da biyar sun kamu da matakan carbon dioxide tsakanin matakan lafiya sau uku zuwa goma sha biyu."
10) Yara nawa ne ya kamata su mutu? Shilhavy, 2020	“Har yaushe iyaye za su ci gaba da rufe ’ya’yansu suna cutar da su, har ma da jefa rayuwarsu cikin kasada? Dr. Eric Nepute Louis a St. Louis ya dauki lokaci don nada faifan bidiyo da yake son kowa ya raba, bayan dan shekara 4 na daya daga cikin majinyacinsa ya kusan mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar huhu da aka yi ta hanyar amfani da abin rufe fuska na tsawon lokaci.”
11) Likitan Likita yayi Gargadi cewa "Cutar ciwon huhu na karuwa" daga saka abin rufe fuska, Meehan, 2021	"Ina ganin marasa lafiya da ke da kurji a fuska, cututtukan fungal, cututtuka na kwayan cuta, rahotannin da ke fitowa daga abokan aiki na, a duk faɗin duniya, suna nuna cewa cutar huhu ta bakteriya tana karuwa… Me yasa hakan ya kasance? madubi, daga aljihunsu, daga saman teburinsu, kuma suna sake shafa abin rufe fuska wanda yakamata a sanya sabo da bakararre kowane lokaci. ”
12) Budaddiyar Wasika Daga Likitocin Likitoci da Ma'aikatan Lafiya zuwa Duk Hukumomin Belgium da Duk Kafofin watsa labarai na Belgium, GASKIYA, 2020	"Sanya abin rufe fuska ba tare da illa ba. Rashin iskar oxygen (ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, gajiya, asarar maida hankali) yana faruwa cikin sauri, wani sakamako mai kama da rashin lafiya mai tsayi. Kowace rana muna ganin marasa lafiya suna gunaguni na ciwon kai, matsalolin sinus, matsalolin numfashi da hauhawar iska saboda saka abin rufe fuska. Bugu da ƙari, tara CO2 yana haifar da guba mai guba na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta wanda wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ke yadawa har ma da ƙwayoyin cuta. idan aka yi amfani da abin rufe fuska da bai dace ba."
13) Rufe fuska don COVID-19: daga sa baki na likita zuwa aikin zamantakewa, Peter, 2020	"A halin yanzu, babu wata shaida kai tsaye (daga binciken kan Covid19 da kuma a cikin mutane masu lafiya a cikin al'umma) game da tasiri na rufe fuska na duniya na mutane masu lafiya a cikin al'umma don hana kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi, ciki har da Covid19. Cutar cututtuka na numfashi na sama ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta a waje na fuskar likitanci an gano su a asibitoci da yawa. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska shine tushen fungi, wanda zai iya jure wa kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya jure wa kwayoyin cuta. Wannan bincike yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da abin rufe fuska na likita / tiyata (maimakon abin rufe fuska na gida) waɗanda ake amfani da su sau ɗaya kuma a maye gurbinsu bayan ƴan sa'o'i.
14) Face masks ga jama'a yayin rikicin COVID-19, Lazzarino, 2020	"Sakamakon illa guda biyu da aka riga aka yarda da su sune: (1) Sanya abin rufe fuska na iya ba da ma'anar tsaro ta karya kuma ta sa mutane su ɗauki ragi wajen bin wasu matakan hana kamuwa da cuta, gami da nisantar da jama'a da wanke hannu. (2) Amfani da abin rufe fuska da bai dace ba. Tasirin da dole ne mu yi la'akari da su shine: (3) Ingancin da girman magana tsakanin mutane biyu sanye da abin rufe fuska yana da rauni sosai kuma suna iya kusantar su cikin rashin sani yayin da za a iya horar da su don magance tasirin sa cutar da kanku.”
15) Lalacewa daga ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi a saman abin rufe fuska na likitanci waɗanda ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na asibiti ke amfani da su, Chughtai, 2019	"Magungunan cututtuka na numfashi a saman farfajiyar da aka yi amfani da su na likitancin likita na iya haifar da gurɓatawar kai. Haɗarin ya fi girma tare da tsawon lokacin amfani da abin rufe fuska (> 6 h) kuma tare da mafi girman adadin hulɗar asibiti. Yarjejeniya kan tsawon lokacin amfani da abin rufe fuska ya kamata ya ƙayyade iyakar lokacin ci gaba da amfani, kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da jagora a cikin saitunan sadarwa mai girma. "
16) Sake amfani da abin rufe fuska yayin kamuwa da cutar mura, Bailar, 2006	"Bayan yin la'akari da duk shaidu da sauran bayanan da muka samu, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa a halin yanzu babu wata hanya mai sauƙi, amintacciyar hanya don lalata waɗannan na'urori tare da baiwa mutane damar yin amfani da su cikin aminci fiye da sau ɗaya. Anyi don ƙara fahimtar yadda mura ke yaɗuwa, don samar da ingantattun abin rufe fuska da na numfashi, da kuma sauƙaƙa gurɓata su, a ƙarshe, amfani da rufe fuska ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin dabaru da yawa da za a buƙaci don rage ko dakatar da cutar, kuma kada mutane su shiga ayyukan da za su ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar mura kawai saboda suna da abin rufe fuska ko na numfashi. ”
17) Fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi ta hanyar numfashi, tari, da magana, Stelzer-Braid, 2009	"Aerosols da aka fitar da su ta hanyar tari, magana, da numfashi an gwada su a cikin batutuwa 50 ta amfani da abin rufe fuska, kuma an bincika ta amfani da PCR don ƙwayoyin cuta na numfashi tara. Samfuran da aka fitar daga wani yanki na batutuwa 10 waɗanda ke da PCR mai cutar rhinovirus suma sun bincika al'adun tantanin halitta don wannan ƙwayar cuta. An gano ta PCR, yayin da a cikin batutuwa 50 na asymptomatic, 33 na da kwayar cutar ta PCR, an gano cutar rhinovirus a cikin batutuwa 21, mura a cikin batutuwa 17, parainfluenza a cikin batutuwa 4, da kuma kwayar cutar mutum a cikin nau'in kwayar cutar guda biyu a cikin samfuran numfashi guda 19, samfuran magana guda 4, kuma a cikin samfuran tari guda 2 da aka fitar daga al'adu 1 da aka bincika, an gano cutar rhinovirus a cikin 25.
18) [Tasirin abin rufe fuska na tiyata akan nisan tafiya na mintuna shida], Mutum, 2018	"Sanya abin rufe fuska na tiyata yana canzawa sosai kuma dyspnea na asibiti ba tare da tasirin nisan tafiya ba."
19) Masks masu kariya suna rage juriya, Kimiyya ORF, 2020	"Masu binciken na Jamus sun yi amfani da nau'ikan abin rufe fuska guda biyu don nazarin su - abin rufe fuska da abin da ake kira FFP2 masks, waɗanda galibin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ke amfani da su. An gudanar da ma'aunin tare da taimakon spiroergometry, wanda marasa lafiya ko kuma a cikin wannan yanayin mutanen gwajin suna motsa jikinsu a kan keken tsaye - abin da ake kira ergometer - ko kuma abin rufe fuska ba tare da wani abin rufe fuska ba. Abubuwan rufe fuska na FFP2 don haka abubuwan rufe fuska suna cutar da numfashi, musamman girma da mafi girman saurin iskar yayin da ake fitar da numfashi.
20) Saka abin rufe fuska har ma da rashin lafiya fiye da yadda ake tsammani, Canjin Corona, 2020	"Sun ƙunshi microplastics - kuma suna ƙara tsananta matsalar sharar gida..." Yawancin su an yi su da polyester kuma don haka kuna da matsala ta microplastic." Yawancin abubuwan rufe fuska za su ƙunshi polyester tare da mahadi na chlorine: "Idan ina da abin rufe fuska a gaban fuskata, to, ba shakka ina numfashi a cikin microplastic kai tsaye kuma waɗannan abubuwan sun fi guba fiye da idan kun haɗiye su, yayin da suke shiga cikin tsarin juyayi kai tsaye," Braungart ya ci gaba.
21) Masking Yara: Mummuna, Rashin Kimiyya, Da Lalacewa, Alexander, 2021	"Yara ba sa samun SARS-CoV-2 (ƙananan haɗari), yada shi ga wasu yara ko malamai, ko jefa iyaye ko wasu a gida. Wannan ita ce kimiyyar da aka daidaita. A cikin ƙananan lokuta inda yaro ya kamu da cutar ta Covid, abu ne mai ban mamaki ga yaron ya kamu da rashin lafiya ko ya mutu. Masking na iya yin mummunar cutarwa ga yara - kamar yadda zai iya ga wasu manya. yarda manya - bai kamata a bukaci yara su sanya abin rufe fuska ba don hana yaduwar Covid-19 Tabbas, haɗarin sifili ba zai yuwu ba - tare da ko ba tare da abin rufe fuska ba, alluran rigakafi, hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ko wani abu na magani na iya haɓaka ko hukumomin gwamnati na iya sanyawa. ”
22) Hatsarin Masks, Alexander, 2021	"Tare da waccan kiran furucin, muna yin la'akari da komawa zuwa wani damuwa mai cike da damuwa kuma wannan shine yuwuwar haɗarin chlorine, polyester, da abubuwan microplastic na abubuwan rufe fuska (musamman tiyata amma duk wani abin rufe fuska) wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun saboda Covid-19. rage hadarin ga al’ummarmu.”
23) Yarinya mai shekaru 13 mai saka abin rufe fuska ya mutu saboda dalilai marasa ma'ana, Corona Transition, 2020	"Al'amarin ba wai kawai ya haifar da hasashe ba a Jamus game da yiwuwar guba da carbon dioxide. Domin ɗalibin" tana sanye da abin rufe fuska na corona lokacin da ta faɗi ba zato ba tsammani kuma ta mutu kaɗan daga baya a asibiti," in ji Wochenblick. Edita Review: Gaskiyar cewa ba a bayyana dalilin mutuwar kusan makonni uku bayan mutuwar yarinyar ba sabon abu ba ne. Abun carbon dioxide na iska yawanci kusan kashi 0.04 ne daga cikin kashi 20. hypercapnia, watau guba na carbon dioxide, ya bayyana idan rabo daga cikin gas ya tashi zuwa fiye da XNUMX bisa dari, akwai hadarin m carbon dioxide, duk da haka, wannan ba ya zo ba tare da ƙararrawa sigina daga jiki, bisa ga likita portal net guba.”
24) Mutuwar Dalibai Ya Sa Makarantun Kasar Sin Canza Dokokin Mask, wato, 2020	"A cikin watan Afrilu, an ba da rahoton kararraki uku na dalibai uku da suka kamu da cutar bugun zuciya (SCD) yayin da suke gudu a lokacin motsa jiki a lardunan Zhejiang, Henan da Hunan. Labarin Maraice na Beijing ya lura cewa dukkan daliban ukun sun sanya abin rufe fuska a lokacin mutuwarsu, lamarin da ya haifar da tattaunawa mai mahimmanci kan dokokin makaranta kan lokacin da ya kamata dalibai su sanya abin rufe fuska."
25) Blaylock: Masks na fuska suna haifar da Mummunan Hatsari ga Masu Lafiya, 2020	"Game da tallafin kimiyya don amfani da abin rufe fuska, binciken da aka yi a hankali na wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan, wanda aka bincikar 17 mafi kyawun karatu, ya kammala da cewa, "Babu wani binciken da ya kafa dangantaka mai mahimmanci tsakanin amfani da abin rufe fuska / numfashi da kariya daga kamuwa da mura."¹Ka tuna, babu wani bincike da aka yi don nuna cewa ko dai abin rufe fuska ko abin rufe fuska na N95 yana da wani tasiri akan watsa kwayar COVID-19. Duk wani shawarwari, saboda haka, dole ne ya dogara ne akan nazarin watsa kwayar cutar mura. Kuma, kamar yadda kuka gani, babu wata kwakkwarar shaida da ke nuna ingancinsu wajen shawo kan yaduwar cutar mura.”
26) Bukatar abin rufe fuska yana da alhakin mummunan lalacewar tunani da raunana tsarin rigakafi, Canjin Corona, 2020	"A zahiri, abin rufe fuska yana da yuwuwar haifar da haɓakar halayen halayen ɗan adam mai ƙarfi ta hanyar tashin hankali, wanda ke da alaƙa da ma'aunin damuwa bayan tasirin". Prousa ba ita kaɗai ba ce a tunaninta. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam da yawa sun magance matsalar abin rufe fuska - kuma galibi sun zo ga sakamako mai muni. Yin watsi da su zai zama m, a cewar Prousa. "
27) Tasirin ilimin halittar jiki na sanya abin rufe fuska na N95 yayin hemodialysis a matsayin riga-kafi ga SARS a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar renal., Kawo, 2004	"Sanya abin rufe fuska na N95 na sa'o'i 4 a lokacin HD yana rage PaO2 sosai kuma yana haɓaka tasirin numfashi a cikin marasa lafiya na ESRD."
28) Shin abin rufe fuska da ke rufe baki da hanci ya kuɓuta daga illolin da ba a so a cikin amfanin yau da kullun kuma ba shi da haɗari?, Kisielinski, 2021	"Mun ƙi amincewa da kimantawa ya nuna canje-canje a cikin ilimin halittar jiki na masu sanye da abin rufe fuska tare da muhimmiyar alaƙar O₂ digo da gajiya (p <0.05), tari tare da rashin lahani na numfashi da O₂ sauke (67%), N95 mask da CO₂ tashi (82%), N95 abin rufe fuska da O₂ sauke (72%), N95 mask da ciwon kai (60%), nakasar numfashi da hauhawar zafin jiki (88%), amma kuma yawan zafin jiki da danshi (100%) a karkashin abin rufe fuska. Tsawaita abin rufe fuska da yawan jama'a na iya haifar da sakamako masu dacewa da sakamako a fannonin kiwon lafiya da yawa. Wahalar numfashi da rashin numfashi 1) Ciwon kai 2) Ciwon kai 3) Jin damshi da zafin jiki 4) Jijjiga (nakasuwar rashin lafiyar jiki) 5) Rage fahimtar tausayawa 6) Rashin aikin shingen fata tare da kuraje, itching da raunin fata”
29) Shin abin rufe fuska na N95 yana da alaƙa da dizziness da ciwon kai?, Iko, 2021	"An gano alkalosis na numfashi da hypocarbia bayan amfani da N95. Mummunan alkalosis na numfashi na iya haifar da ciwon kai, damuwa, rawar jiki, ciwon tsoka.
30) COVID-19 yana sa ƙungiyar injiniyoyi su sake tunani abin rufe fuska mai tawali'u, Myers, 2020	"Amma wajen tace waɗancan barbashi, abin rufe fuska kuma yana daɗa wahalar numfashi. An kiyasta abubuwan rufe fuska na N95 na rage yawan iskar oxygen da ko'ina daga kashi 5 zuwa 20. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, har ma ga mai lafiya. Yana iya haifar da dizziness da haske. Idan kun sanya abin rufe fuska tsawon lokaci, yana iya lalata huhu.
31) Likitoci 70 a cikin budaddiyar wasika zuwa ga Ben Weyts: 'Kawar da abin rufe bakin baki a makaranta' - Belgium, Labaran Duniya A Yau, 2020	"A cikin wata buɗaɗɗen wasiƙa zuwa ga Ministan Ilimi na Flemish Ben Weyts (N-VA), likitoci 70 sun nemi a soke abin rufe fuska na wajibi a makaranta, duka ga malamai da ɗalibai.
32) Abubuwan rufe fuska suna haifar da haɗari ga jarirai, jarirai yayin bala'in COVID-19, UC Davis Lafiya, 2020	"Masks na iya haifar da haɗari ga yara ƙanana. Har ila yau, dangane da abin rufe fuska da kuma dacewa, yaron zai iya samun matsala ta numfashi. Idan wannan ya faru, suna buƙatar samun damar cire shi," in ji likitan yara na UC Davis. Lena van der List. "Yaran da ba su wuce shekaru 2 ba, ba za su iya dogara da abin da za su iya cire abin rufe fuska ba kuma suna iya shaƙawa. Saboda haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da abin rufe fuska ga yara ƙanana ba. . Dean Blumberg ne adam wata, shugaban cututtukan cututtukan yara a Asibitin Yara na UC Davis. "Hakika, wannan ya dogara da matakin ci gaban yaro ɗaya. Amma ina tsammanin abin rufe fuska ba zai iya ba da fa'ida mai yawa kan haɗari ba har zuwa shekaru matasa."
33) Covid-19: Muhimman illolin da ke tattare da sanya abin rufe fuska da ya kamata mu tuna, Lazzarino, 2020	"Sauran illolin da ya kamata mu yi la'akari da su, duk da haka, sune 1) Ingancin magana da ƙarar magana tsakanin mutanen da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska yana da rauni sosai kuma suna iya kusantar su cikin rashin sani2) Sanya abin rufe fuska yana sa iska mai fitar da iska ta shiga cikin idanu. Wannan yana haifar da sha'awar taɓa idanu. Ana shakar fitar da numfashi a kowane zagaye na numfashi wurin zama mai danshi inda SARS-CoV-3 na iya ci gaba da aiki saboda tururin ruwa da aka ci gaba da bayarwa ta hanyar numfashi da masana'antar abin rufe fuska, suna ƙayyade haɓakar ƙwayar cuta (ta hanyar sake shakar ƙwayoyin cuta) sabili da haka suna iya haifar da shan kashi na rigakafi na asali da haɓaka kamuwa da cuta. ”
34) Hadarin N95 Amfani da Mashin Fuska a cikin Abubuwan da ke Tare da COPD, Kyung, 2020	"A cikin batutuwa 97, 7 tare da COPD ba su sanya N95 ba na tsawon lokacin gwajin.₁ kashi dari na ƙimar da aka annabta fiye da ƙungiyar cin nasara ta amfani da abin rufe fuska. Makin ma'aunin dyspnea na Majalisar Bincike na Likita da aka gyara ≥ 3 (rabo maras kyau 167, 95% CI 8.4 zuwa> 999.9; P = .008) ko FEV₁ <30% annabta (rashin daidaituwa 163, 95% CI 7.4 zuwa> 999.9; P = .001) yana da alaƙa da haɗarin gazawar sa N95. Mitar numfashi, jikewar iskar oxygen na jini, da matakan carbon dioxide da aka fitar kuma sun nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci kafin da bayan amfani da N95."
35) Masks yana da haɗari ga yara masu ƙasa da 2, ƙungiyar likitoci ta yi gargaɗi, Jaridar Japan Times, 2020	Kungiyar likitocin ta ce "Kada yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 2 su sanya abin rufe fuska saboda suna iya yin wahalar numfashi da kuma kara hadarin shakewa, wata kungiyar likitocin ta ce, ta kaddamar da roko na gaggawa ga iyaye yayin da al'ummar kasar ke sake bullowa daga rikicin coronavirus….
36) Abubuwan rufe fuska na iya zama matsala, haɗari ga lafiyar wasu mutanen Kanada: masu ba da shawara, Spenser, 2020	"Fuskokin fuska Suna da haɗari ga lafiyar wasu 'yan Kanada kuma suna da matsala ga wasu…Shugaban Asthma Kanada kuma Shugaba Vanessa Foran ya ce kawai sanya abin rufe fuska na iya haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar asma.
37) COVID-19 Masks Laifi ne ga Bil Adama da Cin zarafin Yara, Griesz-Brisson, 2020	"Sake numfashin iskan da muke fitarwa ba tare da shakka ba zai haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen da ambaliya na carbon dioxide. Mun san cewa kwakwalwar ɗan adam yana da matukar damuwa ga lalata iskar oxygen. Akwai kwayoyin jijiyoyi misali a cikin hippocampus, wanda ba zai iya zama fiye da minti 3 ba tare da oxygen ba - ba za su iya rayuwa ba. Babban alamun gargaɗin sune ciwon kai, barci, dizziness, tsarin jinkirin lokacin da ake mayar da hankali, ko da yake rashin jinkirin lokaci. Kuna da lalatawar iskar oxygen, duk waɗannan alamun suna ɓacewa, saboda kun saba da shi, amma ingancin ku zai kasance mai rauni kuma ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin kwakwalwar ku yana ci gaba da haɓakawa Wannan abu ne mai sauƙi, ilimin halittar jiki wanda ba za a iya jayayya ba.
38) Bincike ya nuna yadda abin rufe fuska ke cutar da yara, Mercola, 2021	"Bayani daga rajista na farko don yin rikodin abubuwan da yara suka samu game da abin rufe fuska suna nuna al'amuran jiki, tunani da halayya ciki har da fushi, wahalar tattarawa da kuma rashin ilmantarwa.Tun lokacin da aka rufe makarantu a cikin bazara 2020, yawan iyaye suna neman magani don rashin kulawa da rashin hankali (ADHD) ga 'ya'yansu. Shaida daga Burtaniya sun nuna cewa jami'an kiwon lafiya sun ba da rahoton cewa jami'an kiwon lafiya ba su da manyan makarantu. A matsayin al'umma, ba mafi girma ba. Babban gwajin da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya nuna sanya abin rufe fuska baya rage yaduwar SARS-CoV-2. "
39) Wani sabon bincike ya gano abin rufe fuska yana cutar da yara 'yan makaranta a jiki, da tunani, da kuma a dabi'a., Hall, 2021 https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-124394/v2	“Sabo binciken, wanda ya shafi yara sama da 25,000 masu shekaru makaranta, ya nuna cewa abin rufe fuska yana cutar da yaran makaranta ta jiki, tunani, da halayya, yana bayyana batutuwan lafiya 24 daban-daban da ke da alaƙa da sanya abin rufe fuska… rauni, da raunin hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci.”
40) Masks na Fuskar Kariya: Tasiri akan Oxygenation da Matsayin Matsayin Zuciya na Likitocin Baka yayin Tiyata., Scarano, 2021	“A cikin dukkan likitocin fida 20 sanye da FFP2 da abin rufe fuska na tiyata, raguwar arterial O₂ jikewa daga kusan 97.5% kafin tiyata zuwa 94% bayan an yi rikodin aikin tiyata tare da haɓaka ƙimar zuciya. An kuma lura da ƙarancin numfashi da haske-kai/ciwon kai.”
41) Tasirin tiyata da FFP2/N95 abin rufe fuska akan karfin motsa jiki na zuciya, Fikenzer, 2020	"Hanyoyin iska, karfin motsa jiki na zuciya da jin dadi suna raguwa ta hanyar mashin tiyata kuma suna da rauni sosai ta hanyar FFP2/N95 a cikin mutane masu lafiya. Waɗannan bayanan suna da mahimmanci ga shawarwarin sanya abin rufe fuska a wurin aiki ko lokacin motsa jiki."
42) Ciwon kai Haɗe da Kayan Kariyar Keɓaɓɓen - Nazarin Sashe Tsakanin Tsakanin Ma'aikatan Kiwon Lafiya na Gaba A Yayin COVID-19, Ong, 2020	"Yawancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna haɓaka ciwon kai mai alaƙa da PPE ko ƙara tsananta cututtukan ciwon kai da suka rigaya."
43) Budaddiyar wasiƙa daga likitocin likita da ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya zuwa ga dukkan hukumomin Belgian da duk kafofin watsa labarai na Belgium, Cibiyar Harkokin Damuwa ta Amirka, 2020	"Sanya abin rufe fuska ba tare da illa ba. Rashin iskar oxygen (ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, gajiya, asarar maida hankali) yana faruwa da sauri, wani sakamako mai kama da rashin lafiya mai tsayi. Kowace rana yanzu muna ganin marasa lafiya suna gunaguni game da ciwon kai, matsalolin sinus, matsalolin numfashi, da kuma iska mai zafi saboda saka abin rufe fuska. Bugu da ƙari, CO2 da aka tara yana haifar da guba mai guba wanda ya haifar da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar da masana kimiyya suka yi. idan aka yi amfani da abin rufe fuska da bai dace ba."
44) Sake amfani da abin rufe fuska na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar coronavirus, in ji masani, Laguipo, 2020	"Ga jama'a, kada su sanya abin rufe fuska sai dai idan ba su da lafiya, kuma idan ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya ya ba su shawara." Ga matsakaita jama'a da ke tafiya kan titi, ba kyakkyawan ra'ayi ba ne," in ji Dr. Harries. Ba za su sa shi koyaushe ba, za su cire idan sun isa gida, za su ajiye shi a saman da ba su tsaftace ba, ”in ji ta.
45) Me ke faruwa Karkashin Masks?, Wright, 2021	"Amurkawa a yau suna da kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa a matsakaita, aƙalla dangane da yawancin sauran mutane, na da da na yanzu. Duk da haka, ba mu da isasshen tunani game da lafiyar baki kamar yadda aka tabbatar da kusan cikakkiyar rashin tattaunawa game da tasirin kulle-kulle da rufe bakinmu na tilas."
46) Ƙimar Gwaji na Abubuwan Abun Carbon Dioxide a cikin Iskar da Aka Shaka Tare da Ko Ba Tare da Masks na Fuskoki a cikin Lafiyayyan YaraA Ƙwararriyar Jarrabawar Clinical, Walach, 2021	“Babban bincikea Jamus na illa ga iyaye da yara ta yin amfani da bayanan yara 25 930 ya nuna cewa kashi 68 cikin XNUMX na yaran da ke halartar taron suna da matsala yayin sanya hanci da rufe baki.”
47) NM Kids tilasta sanya abin rufe fuska yayin da suke gudana a cikin zafin digiri 100; Iyaye suna ja baya, Smith, 2021	"A ƙasa, yara suna da kashi 99.997% na tsira daga COVID-19. A New Mexico, kashi 0.7% na yaran COVID-19 ne kawai suka haifar da cutar. asibiti. A bayyane yake cewa yara suna da musamman ƙananan haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani ko mutuwa daga COVID-19, kuma umarnin abin rufe fuska suna dora nauyi akan yara wanda ke cutar da lafiyarsu da lafiyarsu. ”
48) Kiwon lafiya Kanada yana ba da shawara don abin rufe fuska da graphene, CBC, 2021	"Kiwon lafiya Kanada na ba da shawara ga mutanen Kanada da kada su yi amfani da abin rufe fuska da za a iya zubar da su wanda ke dauke da graphene." Lafiya Kanada ya ba da sanarwar a ranar Juma'a kuma ya ce masu sawa za su iya shakar graphene, nau'in atom ɗin carbon guda ɗaya. Kila an rarraba abin rufe fuska da ke ɗauke da barbashi masu guba a wasu wuraren kula da lafiya. ”
49) COVID-19: Nazarin aiki na haɗarin shakar microplastic da ke haifar da sanya abin rufe fuska, Li, 2021 Is graphene lafiya?	"Sanye masks da yawa yana rage haɗarin inhalation na barbashi (misali, granular microplastics da ba a sani ba barbashi) ko da a lokacin da ake sawa ci gaba da 720 h. Tiyata, auduga, fashion, da kuma kunna carbon masks sanye da mafi girma fiber-kamar microplastic inhalation hadarin, yayin da duk masks kullum rage daukan hotuna a lokacin da aka yi amfani da karkashin su zaton lokaci-4 microplastic kasada. Sake amfani da masks bayan da suka sha daban-daban disinfection pre-jiyya matakai na iya kara hadarin barbashi (misali, granular microplastics) da kuma fiber-kamar microplastic disinfection exerts wani in mun gwada da rauni sakamako a kan fiber-kamar microplastic inhalation, kuma ta haka ne, shi za a iya ba da shawarar a matsayin magani tsari domin sake amfani da masks idan an tabbatar da wani tasiri a cikin microbiological Nau'in nau'in microplastics da sau 95 idan aka kwatanta da rashin sanya abin rufe fuska."
50) Masana'antun sun kasance suna amfani da nanotechnology wanda aka samo graphene a cikin abin rufe fuska - yanzu akwai damuwa na aminci., Maynard, 2021	"Damuwa da farko game da graphene sun samo asali ne ta hanyar bincike na baya game da wani nau'in carbon - carbon nanotubes. Ya bayyana cewa wasu nau'ikan waɗannan abubuwa masu kama da fiber na iya haifar da mummunan lahani idan an shaka. Kuma bin kan daga bincike a nan, wata halitta ta gaba-tambaya tambaya shi ne ko carbon nanotubes 'kusa dan uwan graphene zo da irin wannan damuwa.Saboda graphene rasa da yawa daga cikin jiki da kuma sinadaran al'amurran da carbon nanotubes cewa. sanya su cutarwa (kamar kasancewar tsayi, sirara, da wuya ga jiki ya rabu da shi), alamu sun nuna cewa kayan sun fi aminci fiye da 'yan uwan nanotube. Amma mafi aminci ba yana nufin lafiya ba. Kuma bincike na yanzu ya nuna cewa wannan ba abu ne da ya kamata a yi amfani da shi ba inda za a iya shakarsa, ba tare da ingantaccen gwajin lafiya da farko… Kada a yi amfani da su a cikin samfuran inda za a iya shakar su da gangan kuma su kai ga ƙananan yankuna na huhu.. "
51) Rufe yara kanana a makaranta yana cutar da koyon harshe, Walsh, 2021	"Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda yara da / ko dalibai ba su da damar magana ko harshe wanda manya ke da - ba su da ikon iya ganin fuska kuma musamman ma baki yana da mahimmanci ga ilimin harshe wanda yara da / ko dalibai ke shiga a kowane lokaci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ikon ganin baki ba kawai mahimmanci ga sadarwa ba ne amma kuma yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kwakwalwa. "Nazari sun nuna cewa ta hanyar shekaru hudu, yara fiye da miliyan 30 za su kasa jin kalmomi fiye da yara daga gida. takwarorinsu masu wadata, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin ingantaccen lokacin fuska tare da masu kulawa. ” (https://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/november/language-toddlers-fernald-110514.html). "
52) Ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari a kan abin rufe fuska na yara, Ground Rational, 2021	"Rukunin iyaye a Gainesville, FL, sun aika da fuskokin fuska guda 6 zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Florida, suna neman bincike game da gurɓatattun abubuwan da aka gano a kan abin rufe fuska bayan an sanya su. Rahoton da aka samu ya gano cewa masks biyar sun gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi, ciki har da uku tare da cututtuka masu haɗari da cutar huhu, masu haifar da cutar huhu, amma gwajin kwayar cutar ta SARS guda ɗaya ce kawai. A kan abin rufe fuska daya (alcelaphine herpesvirus 2)…Rabin masks an gurbata su da nau'in nau'in cutar huhu da ke haifar da ciwon huhu, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kamuwa da cutar sankarau. strep makogwaro, periodontal cuta, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, da sauransu."
53) Face mask dermatitis" saboda wajibcin abin rufe fuska yayin cutar ta SARS-CoV-2: bayanai daga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 550 da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ba a Jamus, Nisert, 2021	"Lokacin da aka sanya masks ya nuna tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yawan bayyanar cututtuka (p <0.001). Nau'in hypersensitivity na nau'in IV ya kasance mafi mahimmanci a cikin mahalarta tare da bayyanar cututtuka idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba (p = 0.001), yayin da ba a sami karuwar bayyanar cututtuka a cikin mahalarta tare da atopic diathesis.
54) Tasirin Saka Masks a Fuskar Ma'aunin Carbon Dioxide a Yankin Numfashi, AAQR/Geiss, 2020	"Yanayin da aka gano carbon dioxide sun fito ne daga 2150 ± 192 zuwa 2875 ± 323 ppm. Abubuwan da ke tattare da carbon dioxide yayin da ba sa rufe fuska ya bambanta daga 500-900 ppm. Yin aikin ofis da kuma tsayawa har yanzu a kan ma'auni kowanne ya haifar da ƙwayar carbon dioxide a kusa da 2200 ppm lokacin da za a iya ganin saurin tafiya a kusa da 3 ppm. (hanyar tafiya cikin nishaɗi)…Tattaunawa a cikin kewayon da aka gano na iya haifar da alamun da ba a so, kamar gajiya, ciwon kai, da asarar hankali.”
55) Masks na tiyata azaman tushen gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta yayin hanyoyin aiki, Zhiqing, 2018	"Tsarin gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta a cikin SMs shine saman jikin likitocin maimakon yanayin OR. Bugu da ƙari, muna ba da shawarar cewa likitocin su canza abin rufe fuska bayan kowane aiki, musamman waɗanda suka wuce sa'o'i 2."
56) Lalacewar da aka yi wa yara masu rufe fuska na iya zama mara lahani, Hussey, 2021	"Lokacin da muka kewaye yara da abin rufe fuska-sanye da wani shekara a lokaci guda, shin muna lalata fuskar su barcode fitarwa a lokacin wani lokaci na zafi jijiya ci gaban, don haka sa cikakken ci gaban da FFA a hadarin? Shin da bukatar rabuwa da wasu, rage zamantakewa hulda, ƙara zuwa m sakamakon kamar yadda shi iya a cikin Autism? Yaushe za mu iya tabbata cewa ba za mu tsoma baki tare da na gani shigarwar zuwa ga kwakwalwa ci gaban da za a iya tsoma baki lokaci tare da hangen nesa ba? Shin za mu iya ba da izini ba tare da sakamako ba?
57) Masks na iya zama Kisa, Grossman, 2021	"Sanya abin rufe fuska na iya haifar da rashin sanin sunan wanda ya yi zalunci, tare da bata wa wanda aka azabtar da shi mutunci. Wannan yana hana tausayawa, karfafa tashin hankali, da kisan kai." Masking yana taimakawa cire tausayi da tausayi, yana barin wasu su aikata ayyukan da ba za a iya faɗi ba a kan wanda aka rufe. "
58) Malamin makarantar sakandare a Landan ya kira abin rufe fuska a matsayin "nau'i mai girman gaske da ba za a yafe ba na cin zarafin yara.", Butler, 2020	"A cikin imel ɗin sa, Farquharson ya kira kamfen ɗin don kafa abin rufe fuska sanye da" abin kunya, abin kunya, wani wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa" wanda ya fi aiwatar da "biyayya da bin doka" fiye da batun lafiyar jama'a. Ya kuma kamanta yaran da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska da "azabtar da kai da son rai," yana mai cewa "wani nau'i ne na cin zarafi da cin zarafin yara."
59) Mashawarcin Gwamnatin Burtaniya Ya yarda Masks “Kwayoyin Ta’aziyya” ne kawai waɗanda ba su yi komai ba, ZeroHedge, 2021	"Kamar yadda gwamnatin Burtaniya ke shelanta "ranar 'yanci" a yau, wanda shine komai saiWani fitaccen mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya na gwamnati ya yarda cewa abin rufe fuska ba ya da ɗanɗano don kare kansa daga coronavirus kuma a zahiri kawai “bargo ne na ta'aziyya… farfesa ya lura cewa "wadanda ke cikin iska suna tserewa abin rufe fuska kuma za su sa abin rufe fuska ba shi da amfani," ya kara da cewa "Jama'a suna neman wani abu dole ne a yi, sun sami abin rufe fuska, bargo ne kawai. Amma yanzu ya kasance mai tushe, kuma muna yin mummunar ɗabi'a… a duk faɗin duniya zaku iya kallon umarnin abin rufe fuska kuma ku fifita kan adadin kamuwa da cuta, ba za ku iya ganin cewa umarnin abin rufe fuska ya yi wani tasiri ba, "Axon ya ci gaba da lura, yana ƙara da cewa "Mafi kyawun abin da za ku iya faɗi game da kowane abin rufe fuska shi ne duk wani sakamako mai kyau da suke da shi ya yi ƙanƙanta da za a iya auna shi."
60) Masks, amincin karya da hatsarori na gaske, Sashe na 1: abin rufe fuska da rauni na huhu, Borovoy, 2020	"An horar da ma'aikatan tiyata don kada su taɓa wani ɓangaren abin rufe fuska, sai madaukai da gadar hanci. In ba haka ba, ana ɗaukar abin rufe fuska mara amfani kuma za a canza shi. Ci gaba da damuwa game da amsawar macrophage da sauran martani na rigakafi da kumburi da fibroblast ga irin abubuwan da aka shaka musamman daga abin rufe fuska ya kamata su zama batun ƙarin bincike.
61) Masks na likitanci, Desai, 2020	"Ya kamata a yi amfani da abin rufe fuska kawai ga mutanen da ke da alamun kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi kamar tari, atishawa, ko, a wasu lokuta, zazzabi. Ya kamata kuma a sanya abin rufe fuska ta hanyar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, da mutanen da ke kulawa ko kuma suna kusanci da mutanen da ke da cututtukan numfashi, ko kuma kamar yadda likita ya umarta. suna da tasiri wajen hana mutane rashin lafiya."

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Paul Elias Alexander

Dokta Paul Alexander masanin cututtukan cututtuka ne da ke mai da hankali kan cututtukan cututtuka na asibiti, magungunan shaida, da hanyoyin bincike. Yana da digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin cututtuka daga Jami'ar Toronto, sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Oxford. Ya sami PhD ɗinsa daga Hanyoyi, Shaida, da Tasirin Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta McMaster. Yana da wasu horo na asali a Bioterrorism/Biowarfare daga John's Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland. Paul tsohon mai ba da shawara ne na WHO kuma babban mai ba da shawara ga Sashen HHS na Amurka a cikin 2020 don amsawar COVID-19.

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