A cikin bayyanar kwanan nan akan nunin safiya na Faransa Inter-France ta yi daidai da na CNN Jagora tare da Jake Tapper ko MSNBC's Morning Joe– Ba’amurke mai ra’ayin ci gaba, Yascha Mounk ya tsinci kansa a cikin wani yanayi mai cike da ban tsoro na bincikar wasu fitattun baki guda biyu kan karkatar da wani dan ra’ayin mazan jiya na Amurka, Charlie Kirk, bayan kashe shi.
Abokiyar taron Amy Greene, Ba'amurke Ba'amurke wacce ke daure da cibiyar tunani mai ra'ayin Pro-Macron Institut Montaigne, ba daidai ba ce ta nuna kalaman kabilanci kamar "chink" akan Kirk, tana nufin Mounk mangling sunan Cenk Uygur akan faifan Matasan Turkawa. A halin yanzu, Le Monde Mai ba da rahoto Ivanne Trippenbach ya karkatar da kalmominsa zuwa da'awar cewa matan Baƙar fata ba su da "ƙarfin kwakwalwa" don wasu ayyuka. Mounk ya kafa rikodin madaidaiciya, kuma musayar ta fashe ta kan layi, yana haskaka abin da ya kira "babban labari mara kyau" a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa.
Yana ba da labari cewa Mounk ya ja da baya sosai, saboda ci gaba da cin abincinsa New York Times da kuma Washington Post da kuma bayyanarsa a cikin Amurka a gefen ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙididdiga kamar tsohon Stanford Internet Observatory Renee Di Resta. Amma lokacin kan Faransa Inter ya kusa kusa da gida: ya ba Mounk hangen yadda Amurka za ta iya kama idan muryoyin hukuma suka nutsar da komai.
Tabbas, kafofin watsa labaru na gado na Amurka suna ɗaukar rabonsu na ƙarairayi masu gogewa, masu rura wutar akida, amma sigar Faransa tana jin ƙaranci, rashin lulluɓe. Tazarar tana gangarowa zuwa ga masu adawa. Anan a cikin Amurka, ɗaruruwan kwasfan fayiloli suna fitar da kantunan gado, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba suna wargaza wasan.
A Faransa? Ba haka ba, duk da jajircewa daga ƴan wasan. Wurin ya samo asalinsa a cikin al'amura guda uku: wani tsarin doka na danniya wanda ya samo asali a cikin sha'awar Jacobin tare da "gaba ɗaya so;" shimfidar wuri mai faɗin watsa labarai ta shake ta hanyar tsarin mulki na jihohi da na oligarchic; da dabarar tarkon al'adu inda masu tasowa suka rungumi rubutun kafa ba da gangan ba.
Kamar yadda musanyar Mounk ta bayyana a sarari, wannan ɓacin rai a cikin juriyar kafofin watsa labaru na Faransa yana da babban tasiri ga Amurka. Ba kowane Ba'amurke ne ke raba ra'ayin Mounk daga cin zarafi na hukuma ba; lalle ne, da yawa suna jawo zuwa ga samfurin Jacobin daidai saboda yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na tunani - kyakkyawan tunanin jituwa da aka tilasta shi daga sama. Ba kwatsam ba ne kawai cewa mujallar fitacciyar fitacciyar reshen akida a cikin jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya, wanda wasu mutane kamar Zohran Mamdani ke fafutuka, ta ɗauki sunan. Jacobin.
Za mu iya ma tsara zaben shugaban kasa na 2024 a matsayin fashewar girgizar kasa a cikin psyche na Amurka: babban karo tsakanin waɗanda ke runguma da waɗanda ke ƙin abin da mai sharhi Auron McIntyre ya kira "Jihar Jima'i" - na'urar sarrafa komai.
A cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo na transatlantic, Faransa ta fito a matsayin sahun gaba na gaskiya, fiye da Burtaniya ko Jamus, domin a nan ne rikici na har abada tsakanin matattun hannun hukuma da muhimmin bugun rayuwa ya yi tsayin daka a cikin wayewar kasa. Wannan ya sa Faransa ta zama firaministan manufa ga jagororin ƙungiyar EU, kamar ƙaƙƙarfan Dokar Sabis na Dijital (DSA) da kuma Dokar 'Yancin Watsa Labarai ta Turai (EMFA), waɗanda za su ba da kuzarinsu cikin wargaza yanayin yanayin muhalli na kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da masu wallafawa. Idan wannan ma'auni mai laushi ya fashe a Faransa, cin zarafi na tunani na Turai ta hanyar mulkin kama-karya irin na kasar Sin ya zama ba kawai a bayyane ba, amma babu makawa.
Wannan yanki yana magance barazanar haɗin gwiwa da ke wasa a cikin maganganun Faransanci da yanayin watsa labarai - doka, tattalin arziki, da al'adu - yayin da ake tsara hanyar gaba. Amurka da MAGA ke jagoranta na iya yin amfani da damar matsananciyar matsananciyar ƙarfi a Faransa don gwada diflomasiyyar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a can.
Komawa daga gaɓa, Amurka za ta iya sake kafa kanta a matsayin jagorar duniya mai 'yanci ta hanyar aika hanyar rayuwa zuwa kafofin watsa labaru masu 'yanci a Turai, fitar da ta'addancin podcast na Amurka, ƙalubalantar ikon tattarawa, da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙirƙira ƙira don haɓaka yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa inda gaskiyar da ba ta da tushe a ƙarshe ta sami damar numfashi.
Tushen Tarihi: Daga Ideals na Juyin Juya Hali zuwa Matsalolin Jacobin
Hanyar Faransa don magana ba za ta iya zama gaba ba daga Anglo-Amurka mai 'yanci ga kowa. Ya samo asali ne daga tsarin Jacobin, yana mai bayyana “gaba ɗaya wasiyyar” Rousseau, dalili mai kyau na soke rashin amincewa da sunan haɗin kai. Kyakkyawar kariyar Amurka na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki: magana a matsayin injin mulkin kai, ruɗani na gaskiya (John Stuart Mill da Oliver Wendell Holmes 'tsohuwar kasuwa na ra'ayoyi), walƙiya ga 'yan ƙasa masu nagarta (à la Brandeis), ko kuma kawai wautar duk wani takunkumi? Waɗannan ba sa yin rajista a Jacobin Faransa.
Hatta alamomin Art. 10 da 11 daga cikin Sanarwar Faransa ta Hakkokin Dan Adam da Dan Kasa da 1881 Dokar 'Yancin 'Yan Jarida - haife a rare gargajiya m blooms - nod ga wannan tashin hankali. Ko da yake waɗannan kayan aikin suna tabbatar da 'yancin yin tunani, faɗar albarkacin baki, da haƙƙin bugawa da bugawa, sun bar madaidaicin “zagi” da yawa don matsi. Farko na gaskiya na farko ya nuna a cikin yanayi mai bayyana musamman: Dokar Marisandeau ta 1939, ta shiga cikin inuwar Nazi, ta hana cin zarafi da ɓatanci na launin fata, wanda ya kafa mataki don faɗuwar abun ciki. Idan wani abu, yana nuna cewa ko da mafi kyawun halin kirki na tsarin ba da izini a mafi kyawun lokuta koyaushe yana da alamomi masu haɗari… kuma ba ya hana Nazis ta wata hanya! Takaddama kamar zoben iko ne na Tolkien. Karfi ne da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.
Bayan Yaƙin, ƙanƙara ta yi ƙanƙara tare da Dokar Pleven ta 1972, ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun hane-hane da ke nufin haifar da "wariya, ƙiyayya, ko tashin hankali" da ke da alaƙa da kabilanci, ƙasa, kabila, ko bangaskiya. Ya ba da jerin sunayen kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na yaki da wariyar launin fata da haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka, irin su MRAP (Movement Against Racism and for Friendship between Peoples) ko LICRA (International League Against Racism and Antisemitism), makullin kararrakin farar hula a kotunan laifuffuka - jerin da ya cika shekaru da yawa - mai da martani ga masu gabatar da kara. Babbar kotun Turai ta buga wannan tunanin a cikin 1976 Hannun hannu mulki. Kamar yadda tsohon magatakarda Paul Mahoney ya ce, ya yi toya da “ikon da ya dace na goyan bayan gwamnati,” yana barin al’ummai su daidaita su ga “al’adunsu.”
Na biyu Dokar Gayssot ƙulla shi, tweaking da 1881 dokar don haramta Holocaust musun da kuma rage shi kamar yadda aka lissafta ga Nuremberg ta 1945 hukunce-hukuncen, yayin da makamai "kungiyoyin tunawa" irin su CRIF (Majalisar Wakilai na Cibiyar Yahudawa ta Faransa) tare da tsoka mai kara. Wannan ya haifar da ɗimbin “dokokin tunawa” a ƙarƙashin agogon PM Socialist Lionel Jospin (1997 – 2002) da gwamnatocin dama na tsakiya a ƙarƙashin Jacques Chirac na biyu, suna haɗa tarihin da jihar ta amince da shi zuwa lamba. Wani misali mai banƙyama na musamman shi ne dokar kisan kiyashin Armeniya ta shekara ta 2001, wadda ke ɗauke da talifi na musamman: “Faransa ta amince da kisan kiyashin Armeniya a shekara ta 1915.”
A wannan shekarar, yawancin masu ra'ayin gurguzu sun tura ta hanyar Dokar Ciniki na Bawan Transatlantic, suna mai lakabin cinikin bayi na Transatlantic da Tekun Indiya a matsayin "laifi ga bil'adama" da kuma nuna adawa da wariyar launin fata ya dace da mutanen da za su kalubalanci wannan cancantar. Bayan ƴan shekaru, gwamnatin Dominique Villepin ta dama ta ci gaba da rarrabuwar kawuna 2005 Dokar Mulki, tilasta wa litattafan makaranta su nuna gadar “tabbatacciyar” ta Faransa.
A cikin dare, tarihi ya zama maƙarƙashiyar akidar da za a iya aiwatar da ita. Fitowar dokar cinikin bayi ta kama wani ɗan tarihi Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau, wanda ya lashe kyautar. Les Traites Négrières (Kasuwancin Bayi) ya sauka a kotu don "ƙasƙantar da" bautar - kawai ta hanyar tambayar ko ya dace da ma'anar dokar kasa da kasa game da kisan kiyashi da kuma binciken wanzuwar cinikin bayi na Larabawa da Afirka.
Nuance ya rikice cikin rashin amincewa, kuma masu gabatar da kara sun tara: Michel Houellebecq, Éric Zemmour, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Oriana Fallaci, Renaud Camus, Alain Finkielkraut: jerin suna da yawa na mutanen da ake tuhuma. Wani lokaci ma an same su da laifin yin watsi ko kuma raina wani laifi na cin zarafin bil'adama, kamar Zemmour da Le Pen. Wani sabon bacin rai: Charles Onana dan kasar Kamaru da mawallafinsa Damien Serieyx an ƙusa da su. Holocauste Kongo: L'Omerta de la communauté internationale (Rwanda, Gaskiya Game da Operation Turquoise). Sun kasance samu da laifi na sassautawa kisan kiyashin Rwanda.
Juya Dijital: Daga Tsara Tattalin Arzikin Dijital zuwa Sarrafa abun ciki (2000s-2010s)
Kamar yadda babban bakin haure ya mamaye gaban masu jefa kuri'a, lokacin da aka gayyaci Jean-Marie Le Pen zuwa zagaye na biyu na zaben shugaban kasa a 2002 ko kuma lokacin da makiyayartas ya barke cikin tarzoma a shekara ta 2005, jarabawar sarrafa duk magana akan yanar gizo ya zama mai yuwuwa. An ƙirƙira shi azaman kiyaye gida na dijital, waɗannan motsin sun lalata ɓangarorin siyasa da masu ƙalubalantar labari.
Dokar 2004 don Amincewa a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Dijital (LCEN) ta kafa tsarin dandamali don sarrafa abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma suna buƙatar aiwatar da gunaguni. Ya gabatar da umarni na mai wallafa-ID, hanyoyin tsaro na e-kasuwanci, da kuma ficewa daga shingen banza. Mara lahani a saman? Da kyar—kyakkyawan bugu da aka fara sa ido ta hanyar umarnin daidaitawa.
Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da 2009 dokar HADOPI ta "yajin aiki uku" mulkin, haihuwa da Haute Autorité zuba la Diffusion des Œuvres et la Kariya des Droits a Intanit (Babban Hukuma don Buga Ayyukan Fasaha da Kariya akan Intanet "HADOPI") don kare ayyukan haƙƙin mallaka daga satar fasaha. An dai kalubalanci dokar a gaban kotun tsarin mulkin kasar, inda ta ce kotu ne kawai, ba hukumar HADOPI ba, za ta iya ba da umarnin katse yanar gizo saboda tasirinta na 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki. Daga ƙarshe, dokar "bugu uku" ta tabbatar, a lokacin, ba za a iya aiki ba, kuma an maye gurbin ta da tsarin tara ta atomatik, wanda aka watsar don tsarin gargadi. Amma fox ya kasance a cikin gidan kaji. HADOPI ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da ra'ayin cewa halayen kan layi suna buƙatar ma'aikatan Jiha su sa ido akai-akai.
Gabanin HADOPI, ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta bayyana Plateforme d'Harmonisation, d'Analyse, de Recoupement et d'Orientation des Signalements "PHAROS" (Dandali don Daidaitawa, Nazari, Tsare-tsare, da Gabatar da Rahotanni, a cikin Faransanci), wanda aka yi fakin a tsakiyar tsaron jihar, a matsayin wata hanya ta tuta batsa na yara. Ya shiga cikin nuna yabon ta'addanci, cin zarafi, zagi, da zagi. Ziyarci rukunin yanar gizon, kuma banner ɗin yana kururuwa Portal na hukuma don siginar Abun Intanet mara izini; yana gaya masa kamar yadda yake, layin snitch wanda jihar ta amince da shi.
Nasarar da Emmanuel Macron ya samu a shekarar 2017 akan Marine Le Pen, ya yi turboji da neman iko, daga ababen more rayuwa zuwa akida. Shigar da Audiovisual and Digital Communication Regulatory Agency, ko ARCOM (Autorité de Régulation de la Communication Audiovisuelle et Numérique), 2022's mashup na 1986-haife Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel “CSA” (Majalisar Koli ta Audiovisual). ARCOM tana sarrafa sassan audiovisual da dijital. Yana keɓance mitoci ga gidajen rediyo da talabijin yayin da aka ɗora musu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Tana da manufa ta tabbatar da mutunta mutunta ɗan adam da xa'a na aikin jarida, kuma tana mai da kanta a matsayin mai bada garantin yawan jama'a a cikin bayanai, musamman ta hanyar tabbatar da daidaitaccen lokacin magana ga dukkan 'yan wasan siyasa a lokutan zaɓe. Wanda ya ƙunshi mambobi tara, ya kamata, a ra'ayi, ya zama wata hukuma mai zaman kanta ta jama'a, amma shugabanta ne shugaban jamhuriya ya nada, sauran membobinta kuma shugabannin Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, Majalisar Dattijai, Majalisar Jiha, da Kotun Koli (Kotun Koli na Faransa), na tsawon shekaru shida.
A fagen yada labarai da sadarwa, ana iya yiwa shugaba Macron lakabi da manufar ARCOM. Ya fara ne da dokar "labarai na karya" na 2018, wanda ya ba ARCOM damar saka idanu akan ciyarwar kasashen waje a lokutan zabe don rashin fahimta, alkalai masu saurin bin diddigin kiran sa'o'i 48. Shin dandalin ku yana kaiwa sama da ƙwallan ido na Faransa miliyan 5 kowane wata? Sannan, yakamata ku kasance cikin shiri don tari maɓallan rahoto, duban algorithmatics, binciken rashin fahimta na shekara… ko fuskantar kotu.
Mai suna bayan wanda ya samo asali, wakiliyar Laetitia Avia, Dokar Avia ta 2020 da ke da nufin yaƙar abubuwan ƙiyayya akan intanet. Ya kara zafafa zafi sosai. Tare da wa'adin cire shi na sa'o'i 24, duk abin ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai har Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta yanke shi da rabi, amma pièce de juriya ya sanya shi cikin aminci ta hanyar tsaga, tare da ƙirƙirar ARCOM's Online Hate Observatory don share magana. Ya ba ARCOM cikakken lasisi don goge intanet don alamun tunanin kuskure.
Daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadacen da aka yi a cikin shekarun Macron shi ne yadda ake tafiyar da tashoshi mallakin hamshakin attajirin nan Vincent Bolloré na kungiyar Vivendi, musamman C8 da CNews, a cikin zarge-zargen rashin aiwatar da doka kan jam'i da tsaka tsaki.
A cikin Yuli 2024, ARCOM ya musanta sabunta lasisin watsa shirye-shiryen C8 na ƙasa, yana mai yin la'akari da cin zarafi akai-akai, gami da labarai na karya, ra'ayoyin ra'ayi, da gazawa wajen tabbatar da jam'i, musamman kan babban mashahuran Cyril Hanouna's talk show Touche pas à mon poste (Hand off my TV) a cikin €3.5 mobic. maganganu. Conseil d'Etat, babbar kotun gudanarwa ta Faransa, ta amince da hukuncin a watan Fabrairun 2025, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da watsa shirye-shiryen C8 a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2025, bayan da aka nuna fim din hana zubar da ciki. Ba shiri. 'Yan siyasar Faransa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ciki har da Marine Le Pen, sun yi Allah wadai da shi a matsayin "takaici" da kuma barazana ga yawan kafofin watsa labarai, wanda ke haifar da zanga-zangar da kalubalen doka.
Bugu da kari, Bolloré's CNews, sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da Fox News don kafuwar ra'ayin mazan jiya, an soki shi saboda rashin daidaiton edita, wanda ake zargin yana haɓaka ra'ayoyin "dama-dama" kan shige da fice, aikata laifuka, da shakkar yanayi. A cikin Fabrairu 2024, Conseil d'Etat ya umurci ARCOM da ta binciki CNews don rashin wadatar jama'a biyo bayan korafin Reporters Without Borders (RSF) mai lakabin "kafofin watsa labarai na ra'ayi." Bayan binciken, ARCOM ta ba da tara, gami da Yuro 80,000 a cikin Yuli 2024 don musun yanayi mara ƙalubale da ɗaukar ƙaura na son zuciya, da €200,000 a baya don tsokanar ƙiyayya.
Madaidaicin Jaket ɗin Turai: DSA, EMFA, da Kula da Supranational
Dokokin EU dai sun kai ga kaifi ne kawai, wanda bai kamata ya zo da mamaki ba, la’akari da cewa ba wani dan kasar Faransa Thierry Breton da ya kasance kwamishinan kasuwar cikin gida a lokacin da EU ta yanke shawarar nada kanta a matsayin ‘yan sanda na gidan yanar gizo na World Wide Web.
Mummunan 2023 DSA yana haifar da hanyar tantancewa, wanda aka lulluɓe shi azaman amincin kan layi tare da bayyana gaskiya, lissafi, bincika haɗari ga kowa - daga “mom-da-pops” zuwa VLOPs kamar Meta ko Google. Yana sabunta tsoffin ka'idoji kamar Jagoran Kasuwancin e-commerce, yana buƙatar dandamali don cire abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba cikin sauri (misali, maganganun ƙiyayya, ɓarna, ko kayan amfani da yara) kuma yana sanya wajibai da yawa akan masu watsa shirye-shirye, waɗanda, ba shakka, sun fi sauƙi don bi don “shararriyar doka” manyan dandamali fiye da na kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu. Takunkumin na iya zama tauri. Don kasa tantance “abin da ba bisa ka’ida ba,” dandamali na iya fuskantar tara har zuwa kashi 6 na kudaden shiga na duniya da kuma hadarin dakatarwa.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke da matsala musamman na DSA shine tsarin "Trusted Flaggers" a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 22, wanda ke aiki ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu tare da "ƙwararrun ƙwarewa wajen gano abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba," kamar ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, ƙungiyoyin gwamnati, da ƙungiyoyin masana'antu, tare da ƙaddamar da abun ciki na ɓarna. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna karɓar takaddun shaida daga Masu Gudanar da Sabis na Dijital na ƙasa kamar ARCOM kuma suna iya fitar da abubuwan da ake zargi kai tsaye zuwa dandamali, waɗanda dole ne su ba da fifiko da sake duba waɗannan rahotannin “da sauri” (sau da yawa cikin sa’o’i) ba tare da jinkiri ba.
Tarayyar Turai ta ci gaba da ƙara kwanan nan ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ingantaccen Ma'aikatar Gaskiya tare da EMFA, ƙa'idar da aka amince da ita a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2024, kuma masu fafutukar sa ido kamar Sabine Verheyen (Jamus), Geoffroy Didier (Faransa), da Ramona Strugariu (Romania) da ƙungiyoyin jama'ar Turai (PDP) suka yi. An gabatar da shi azaman kariya ga 'yan jarida, EMFA ta kafa tsarin kula da ayyukan watsa labarai na tsakiya - daga TV da kwasfan fayiloli zuwa latsa kan layi da ƙananan masu ƙirƙira - ta hanyar tsarin pyramidal da ke haɗa masu kula da ƙasa kamar ARCOM na Faransa zuwa sabon Hukumar Turai don Sabis ɗin Watsa Labarai "EBMS" (ba sabanin yunƙurin gwamnatin Rarraba Biden da Hukumar Gudanarwar Biden ta yi ba).
Sauya kamfanonin masu tsara Turai na ayyukan watsa labarai na yau da kullun (Erga), Ebms suyi sulhu, da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da rikice-rikicen Turai ta hanyar masu tasiri. Mataki na 4 a zahiri yana ba da kariya ga tushe ta hanyar hana tona asirin tilastawa ko kayan leƙen asiri amma yana ba da izinin keɓanta “masu wuce gona da iri”, mai yuwuwar ba da damar ayyukan gaggawa ba tare da amincewar shari'a ba, don haka lalata amincin aikin jarida a ƙarƙashin sunan yaƙi da ta'addanci.
Ƙarin tanade-tanade sun haɗar da ƙima da son zuciya. Mataki na 13 ya ba Hukumar damar takurawa kafofin watsa labarai na EU don dalilai na “geopolitical” idan kasashe membobi biyu sun nemi hakan, yayin da Mataki na 17 ya daidaita haramcin kantunan kasashen waje da ke haifar da “mummunan haɗari ga tsaron jama'a” - masu sukar ra'ayi suna kira da haɗari mai haɗari. Mataki na ashirin da 18 ya haifar da tsarin matakai biyu, inda kawai kafofin watsa labaru "masu dogara" (wanda aka tabbatar) a kan dandamali kamar cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a suna karɓar fifiko na musamman, suna kafa rarrabuwa tsakanin aikin jarida "mai kyau" da "mara kyau" bisa ka'idojin yarda da Brussels.
Mataki na ashirin da 22 ya sauya sa ido kan hadakar kafofin watsa labarai daga kasa zuwa matakin EU, yana mai nuni da cewa "jam'i" na hadarin da ya kai ga cin zarafin akida. A zahiri, EMFA tana matsar da EU mataki ɗaya kusa da Orwell's 1984, wanda ke kama da dokar sa ido ta "Control Chat" wajen gina "Yammacin kasar Sin" - na'urorin sarrafawa da ke fadada sassan da ke karkashin tutar amfanin jama'a, da lalata ikon mallaka da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki.
Tasirin Oligarchic da Tasirin Chilling
Bayan dokokin da za su sa 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat na Amurka su yi taurin kai, dole ne muryoyin 'yanci na Faransa su yi gwagwarmaya da wata kafar yada labarai da gwamnati da attajirai suka kama.
A Dec. 2024 fallasa ta littafin Basta! ya nuna cewa ’yan biliyan hudu ne kawai ke sarrafa kashi 57% na duk masu kallon talabijin na Faransa; hudu iko 93% na jaridu, da uku iko 51% na syndicated kasuwar kasuwar radiyo: manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun hada da "LVMH" Bernard Arnault (Les Échos, Le Parisien), "Free" Xavier Niel (Le Monde, L'Obs), "Altice" Patrick Drahi (Libération, i24), "Vivendi, Bollo" (Europe + 1DD), Vinnal da Vincent "CMA-CGM" Rodolphe Saadé (BFM TV, RMC, La Provence, Corse Matin, La Tribune, yanzu kuma danna-dodo Brut tun daga Satumba. 2025). Amma Basta! ke kewar giwa a cikin ɗakin: Ƙasar Faransa ta mallaki juggernauts—Faransa Télévision, Rediyo Faransa, da France Média Monde (RFI, France 24).
Sauran manyan oligarchs mallakar kafofin watsa labarai sun haɗa da mai kera jiragen yaƙi Dassault (Le Figaro), gini, gidaje, da ɗan jarida Bouygues (TF1, LCI), Bajamushe Family Mohn (M6, RTL), banki Mathieu Pigasse (tsohon.Le Monde tare da Niel; an kama Les Inrockuptibles, Radio Nova), da oligarch na Czech Daniel Křetínský (Elle, Marianne, taƙaitaccen Le Monde chunk).
Wannan mallakin gidan yanar gizon yana ɓoye indies na gaske daga faux. Brut shine na Saadé yanzu, amma oligarchs Xavier Niel da François Pinault (surukin Salma Hayek) ne suka kora shi. "Indie" ya buga kamar Hugo decrypte (Masu biyan kuɗi miliyan 3.5) suna masu zaman kansu cikin suna kawai, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar cewa tashar ta sa Macron ya zo hira sau biyu kuma ya karbi bakuncin Volodymyr Zelensky don zama. Irin waɗannan alkaluma ba za su taɓa yin haɗarin yin tambayoyi ba idan ba wurin zaman lafiya ba ne, wanda ba shi da hannun jari.
Tambayar ita ce, menene ainihin gwajin litmus don samun 'yancin kai? A halin da ake ciki yanzu, takunkumi alama ce ta gaskiya. Ma’ana, idan ba a bankado wata kafar yada labarai ba, ba a yi ta kutse ba, ba a haramta inuwarta ba, ana kiranta da sunan “Rasha rugujewar bayanai”, kuma ba a saba kiranta da hannun dama ko hagu ba, to kana gaban wata kafar yada labarai mai zaman kanta da sunan kawai.
Sa'an nan indies na gaskiya na iya ɗaga tuta ko žasa kai tsaye, kamar TV Liberté, tare da Rassemblement National da Frontières tare da Zemmour's Reconquête, yayin da wasu ke shiryarwa, irin su "mai mulkin mallaka" Tocsin, wanda ɗan jarida Clémence Houdiakova ya kafa tare da masanin tattalin arziki Guy de la Fortelle, mai ba da rahoto na jaridar Warmita, wanda ya kafa Ostiraliya. Yellow Vests-wahayi Nicolas Vidal's Putsch, da sako-sako da QG, wanda Aude Lancelin ya kafa. Hakanan akwai tashoshi na YouTube da yawa tare da masu sauraro masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka fi ko ƙasa da ƙungiyar mutum ɗaya, kamar Idriss Aberkane ko Tatiana Ventôse, amma ƙananan kwasfan fayiloli.
Ɗayan mafi ban mamaki bambance-bambance tsakanin Faransanci da kafofin watsa labaru masu zaman kansu ba na doka ba ne ko na kudi - al'ada ce. Duk da yake masu iko na Amurka kamar Joe Rogan da Theo Von sun ƙirƙira ƙarfin hali, tsarin karya iyaka waɗanda ke haifar da manyan abokan hamayyar isa da dacewa, kwatankwacinsu na Faransanci galibi suna faɗin “kama samfur.” Sun ƙare inuwa da slick, kafa littafin wasan kwaikwayo, gayyata makawa-da rashin jin daɗi- kwatankwacin abokan gaba masu zurfafa aljihu.
Ko da yake kafofin watsa labarai na gado, kamar awanni 8:00 na dare, sun fado daga kan tudunsu ( awanni labarai na TF1 suna da masu kallo miliyan 10 shekaru 15 da suka gabata, yanzu tana da 5) kuma ba su da tsari don tsara tunanin Faransawa, sun kasance masu zaman kansu. Wani lokaci, a zahiri suna isa ga masu karatu fiye da lokutansu, kamar yadda wakilin TV Libertés Edouard Chanot ya bayyana game da shi. Le Monde da kuma Le Figaro a cikin littafinsa Brèches dans da Mainstream (Matsaloli a cikin Mainstream). Kodayake ana ƙara rashin yarda da su, manyan kafofin watsa labaru na Faransa kamar BFM TV da France Inter ba abin ba'a ba ne fiye da CNN ko MSNBC, kuma ba su da ƙarancin gasa.
Yi la'akari da indies kamar Tocsin, Frontières, ko TV Libertés: suna akai-akai ape da almubazzaranci na safiya na sa'o'i biyu ko muhawarar taron jama'a na TV na gado, har ma da shiga cikin batutuwa masu zafi iri ɗaya. Alal misali, sau da yawa ina samun buƙatun batutuwa waɗanda suka fito daga abin da kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa ke rufewa, waɗanda aka tambaye ni in ba da nawa zaɓi, amma koyaushe ina mamakin yawancin batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi Amurka waɗanda ke magana da ni a Tocsin kawai ba su san su ba (misali rikicin tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnonin dimokuradiyya da masu unguwanni game da ICE Raids, kisan Irina Zaruska ya kusan ƙare).
Indies aping na al'ada model suna cin nasara akansa, idan muka kalli kyawawan alkaluma na Tocsin (masu biyan kuɗi 450 K+, ra'ayoyi miliyan 10 a kowane wata). Waɗannan alkaluman suna adawa da al'ada kuma wani lokacin ma sun fi su. Amma wannan tsarin ya haifar da wata muhimmiyar tambaya: Me yasa ake zuba albarkatu a cikin abin ƙira na al'ada lokacin da masu sauraro suka fi son wani abu mai ɗanɗano da juyin juya hali?
Wannan wasan kwaikwayo babban dalili ne na Faransa ba ta ga rarrabuwar kawuna da ke bayyana yanayin Amurka ba - inda kwasfan fayiloli kamar Tarihin Joe Rogan, Wannan Karshen Karshen Da Ya Gabata, ko The Tucker Carlson Show ba kawai kishiyantar kafofin watsa labaru na gargajiya ba amma ya rufe su, yana jan hankalin masu sauraro tare da faɗin gaskiya. Anan, rugujewar gaskiya ta samo asali ne kai tsaye daga rugujewar salo, wato, tattaunawa mai tsawo tana tilasta matakin danyen gaskiya wanda ba zai yiwu a yi karya ba.
Rogan, Von, da Carlson sun ƙunshi wannan. Kawai gwada jujjuya karya na sa'o'i uku marasa yankewa, kuma facade yana rugujewa kowane lokaci. A zamanin da aka rubuta aikin hukuma, ba masu nishadantarwa ba ne kawai - su ne maganin da ba a tantance ba. Kuma ba wai kawai suna mayar da hankali ga sharhin da ke gudana na siyasa ba. Lokacin da Theo Von ya jefa wani matashin manomi na Amish na fiye da mintuna 90, masu kallo miliyan 4 suna sauraron, fiye da miliyan 1 fiye da lokacin da baƙo ya kasance JD Vance. Yawancin baƙon Joe Rogan ƴan wasan barkwanci ne, masu koyar da motsa jiki, ƴan wasa, da ƴan kasuwa, galibi suna samar da ƙarin ra'ayoyi fiye da lokacin da baƙon ɗan siyasa ne ko ɗan fashi.
Amma duk da haka matsalolin al'adu suna kara zurfi. Faransa ba ta da ingantaccen al'adar Substack, duk da bullar marubutan da ke ƙaura zuwa wurin. Kadan ne ke da ikon yin amfani da dabarun dabarun manyan masu kirkiro na Amurka ko na Biritaniya, wadanda ke amfani da dandalin a matsayin kagara ga masu karatu kai tsaye, masu aminci wadanda ke ketare masu tsaron kofa gaba daya.
Ƙara zagi ga rauni shine taurin isa ga taurin kai; har yanzu manyan kantunan suna da ikon keɓanta akan masu iko. Kamar yadda a Le Figaro In ji Edouard Chanot, rikice-rikicen da kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu ke fuskanta shine yadda ake samar da labarai yayin da suke nesa da tushen. Idan ba tare da wannan bututun na ciki ba, ana barin masu zaman kansu suna bin ra'ayi maimakon karya labarai.
Dama don Diflomasiyar Maganar Magana ta Amurka?
A cikin mahimmancinsa Essay An rubuta bayan nasarar Trump a watan Nuwamba 2024, Mawallafin Substack kuma yanzu Jami'in Ma'aikatar Jiha Nathan Levin, aka NS Lyons ya bayyana abubuwa da yawa da za a iya aiwatarwa idan gwamnati mai shigowa tana son "nasara sosai." Ɗaya daga cikin manyan shawarwarin da ya ba shi ya shafi yunwar kuɗin gwamnatin manaja ta hanyar shake Rukunin Ƙungiyoyin sa-kai. Ga abin da Lyons ya rubuta:
"Na farko [shawarwari] shi ne a fara kai farmaki a wajen gwamnati. Kar ka manta cewa mulkin manajoji ya fi girma fiye da jihar! Kuma yawancin ikon mulkin ana amfani da shi ta hanyar waɗannan tashoshi, ba jihar ba. Duk da haka abubuwan da ba na jihohi ba suna da mahimmanci ga gwamnati da kuma kyakkyawar niyya - na irin wanda zai iya zama da sauƙi don rushewa fiye da hukumomin gudanarwa da kansu kuma mafi mahimmancin cibiyoyin sun hada da jami'o'in gudanarwa da kansu. hadaddiyar kungiyar masu fafutuka-NGO-foundation, wacce ke aiki tukuru don bayar da kudade da kuma ciyar da dimbin abubuwan tafiyar da harkokin hagu, zagon kasa ga dimokradiyya, da murkushe ‘yan adawa.”
Ko da yake a yanzu mun wuce lokacin da Amurka ba ta da tushe, Amurka ta kasance ikon duniya, kuma suna da mafi girman hazakar siyasa game da sanin hanyoyin sadarwa na zamaninsa don yin magana da mutane kai tsaye. Idan gwamnatin Trump ta dauki nauyin aikinta na MAGA da gaske a matsayin mai da hankali kan kuzari kan lafiyar kasarta ba ci gaba da fadada daularta ba, dole ne ta sake tsara hasashen ikonta na duniya zuwa wannan karshen. Dangane da haka, farkon lokacin mulkin yana cike da alƙawari tare da bayyanar da ainihin abin da USAID ta kasance… kayan aikin sarauta ne na biyayya ga duk mutanen duniya, kuma ba mai kyautatawa da ake yi ba.
Diflomasiya ta 'yancin magana za ta, a taƙaice, ta wargaza hanyar sadarwa ta cece-kuce da batutuwa waɗanda aka kafa a wajen iyakokin Amurka tare da layukan tallafin Amurka. Bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa Charlie Kirk, ya zama cikakkiyar larura don kare Amurkawa daga bullar tashin hankalin siyasa.
Irin wannan runduna, irin su Open Society Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, da Tides Foundation, waɗanda ke haifar da tashin hankali na siyasa a ƙasar Amurka, suna da sansani da yawa a ƙasashen waje… Mafi muni, waɗannan runduna guda ɗaya za su iya sake tsarawa daga gudun hijira a Turai don kai hari ga mahaifar Amurka. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za su iya yin haka ita ce ta hanyar raya wata al'adar magana, wadda ta fi dacewa da mulkin demokraɗiyya. Lallai mun yi kusa da ganin cewa madadin al'ada ta yi nasara a ƙasarmu da Jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya ta lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na ƙarshe.
Idan Amurka ta fara kallon Turai, ciki har da Yammacin Turai, a matsayin wani abin da zai iya haifar da zaman lafiya ga mahaifarsa, kamar yadda kungiyar Gabas ta kasance a lokacin yakin cacar baka, tana kuma bukatar taimakawa sojojin 'yantar da su a can kamar yadda ta yi a lokacin.
Dangane da haka, Faransa wani lamari ne mai ban sha'awa na gwaji domin ita ce matattarar wannan madadin al'adar magana, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin wannan yanki, kuma akwai hanyoyi da dama da kuma shawarwari da dama da diflomasiyyar 'yancin fadar albarkacin baki ta Amurka ke da ita na yin wannan yaki a gabar tekun Turai. Ban da haka, an kiyasta cewa akwai masu magana da Faransanci sama da miliyan 200 a duk duniya, galibinsu a nahiyar Afirka, kasar da babban tasirin kasar Sin ba ya inganta binciken kyauta irin na Amurka.
A bayyane wuri don farawa shine ba da cikakkiyar fayyace game da layukan bayar da tallafin Amurka ga rukunin sa ido na Faransa. Shekaru masu duhu tun lokacin da Amurka ta jagoranci yaƙe-yaƙe na bayanai a lokacin zamanin Obama suna da kyau a rubuce a cikin littafin Jacob Siegel.Jagoran Fahimtar Ƙimar Ƙarni.” Wani muhimmin mahimmin bayani shine bayyana ko kuɗin Amurka daga USAID ko Hukumar Kula da Watsa Labarai ta Duniya ta Amurka tana ta kwarara zuwa ga ƙungiyoyin binciken gaskiya na Faransa da Turai kamar su Conspiracy Watch, Les Déconspirateurs, Les Surligneurs, ko ƙungiyoyin duba gaskiyar kafofin watsa labarai kamar Les Décodeurs (TF Monde), Les Vérificateurs (da sauransu).
Mun sani sarai cewa hatta ƙungiyoyin watsa labarai mallakar oligarch suna so Le Monde ko Altice suna karɓar tallafi mai karimci daga Ƙasar Faransa. Godiya ga ayoyin DOGE, mun san cewa gabaɗayan yanayin kafofin watsa labaru na wurare kamar Yukren gaba ɗaya kuɗin jama'a na Amurka ne ya rura wutar, don haka tabbas akwai wasu alamu sama da cewa layin tallafin Amurka ya wanzu don ba da gudummawar hadadden binciken masana'antu na Turai, kuma yana da mahimmanci don fallasa waɗannan.
Layi na gaba a wannan fagen fama al'adu ne. Tunanin cewa akwai sigar tarihi a hukumance da za a iya aiwatar da ita ta hanyar shelar doka, fassarar shari'a, da na'urori na hukuma dole ne a dakatar da su. Lallai wannan ra'ayin ya ba da sha'awa mara kyau ga cibiyar sadarwa ta Amurka. Daga incubator ta jami'a, ra'ayin da ba-Amurke ba na kalaman ƙiyayya, wanda ke daidaita kalmomi da tunani zuwa aiki, ya sami jama'a a cikin da'irar ci gaba kuma ya bazu kamar wutar daji zuwa dukkan kusurwoyi na kamfanoni na Amurka da na gwamnati.
A cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo, ci gaban majalisa a ƙasashen waje, kamar Dokokin Pleven da Gayssot, ƙila an yi watsi da su azaman gwaje-gwaje na nesa da ba su da barazana ga al'adar magana ta Amurka. Amma waɗannan dokokin sun ƙirƙiri wani misali mai haɗari wanda ya lalata tunanin 'yancin magana na Farko a duk duniya. Aƙalla ƙasashe 21 a cikin littattafansu suna ƙin dokokin magana da Holocaust na yau da kullun da/ko wasu haramcin hana kisan kiyashi. Kuma sun hada da kasashe kamar Australia da Canada, wadanda suka zama wata kasa mai fafutuka ta fuskar nuna kyama.
Hatta Poland masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna da irin waɗannan dokoki. Yayin da waɗannan dokokin ke samun ƙasa a duniya, ƙarin muryoyi a cikin Amurka suna kallon su da hassada, kuma mutum zai iya yin hasashen irin bala'in sakamakon ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ƙiyayya za su haifar a cikin ainihin siyasar Amurka ta cauldron idan an taɓa fassara Kwaskwarima na Farko don ba da izini ga irin waɗannan ƙuntatawa na abun ciki.
Don sassauta wannan rugujewar tarihi, diflomasiyyar magana ta MAGA na iya gina gadoji na al'adun ƙetaren Atlantika, tare da yin gyare-gyaren Farko na Amurka a matsayin babbar garkuwa daga tilastawa. A wucewa, wannan na iya kai Amurka ga yin wa'azi ta misali. Babu sauran jaraba a ɓangaren masu rinjaye na MAGA don shiga cikin ma'adinan kalaman ƙiyayya, kamar yadda Pam Bondi ya yi kwanan nan, yana haifar da koma baya daga 'yancin magana.
Za mu iya tunanin haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ta rufe masana tarihi na Faransa da manema labaru don 'yantar da taron Amurka don yin muhawara ba tare da tsoro ba - sannan shigar da bayanan hadin gwiwa a Strasbourg ko rahotannin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don kawar da Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam daga kangin "al'ada" ta "al'ada" da Amurka-Faransa yarjejeniyar da ke canza ra'ayi na Amurka don yin bincike.
A fagen yada labarai, ya kamata a fara aikin diflomasiyya mai 'yanci a wajen gwamnatin Amurka ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da abin da ke faruwa ga masu 'yanci a kafafen yada labarai. Watakila matakin farko shi ne a zahiri raya masu sa ido na fadin albarkacin baki, adanawa da kuma bayyana irin irin takunkumin da kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu ke fuskanta a kasashen waje. Dangane da haka, watakila lokaci ya yi da diflomasiyyar Amurka za ta canza ra'ayin ta game da kasashen Turai masu 'yanci da dimokuradiyya a da, sannan ta sake sabunta abin da Hukumar Harkokin Watsa Labarun Duniya ta Amurka (Voice of America and Radio Free Europe) take a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta hadin gwiwa tare da kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu da ke da tabbaci a duniya, tare da hanyar sadarwa ta gwaji tare da kafofin yada labarai masu zaman kansu na Faransa.
Diflomasiyyar Magana ta Gaskiya ta waɗannan layin na iya jujjuya wannan rubutun ta hanyar ɗaukar muryoyin masu zaman kansu na gaske kamar Tocsin, TV Libertés, Frontières, da QG, da sauransu, a matsayin abokan gaba. Za ta iya karbar bakuncin mahaliccinsu a bashes na kafofin watsa labarai na kyauta a cikin DC, tare da kunna wutar su a kan iskar Amurka don amsawar duniya. Har ila yau, gwamnatin tarayya za ta iya bincika bangon ɓarna na Faransa a matsayin ɓarna na kasuwanci ta hanyar Sashe na 301, yin ciniki da keɓance masu zaman kansu, da kuma ba da mafakar biza ga ARCOM masu niyya don watsa shirye-shirye daga yankunan ƴancin Amurka, da haifar da koma baya a cikin gida ga Faransa da masu kula da hankali na EU.
Kamar yadda jawabin JD Vance ya bayyana a birnin Munich da kuma nasarorin da Trump ya samu a huldar mu'amala da kungiyar EU da aka bayyana ta hanyar yin shawarwarin kasuwanci, dogaro da manyan tsare-tsare na Turai ga Amurka na bude damammaki da dama na yin diflomasiyya ta 'yanci. {Asar Amirka na iya dogara da "Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai na Fasa-ƘaƘa na Kyauta" tare da Hungary da Poland don haɗa kuɗin NATO zuwa ja da baya na EMFA. Yana iya ɗaukar DSA/EMFA zuwa WTO a matsayin tubalan kasuwancin kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka. Zai iya yin garkuwa da tsoffin ribar EU har sai Trusted Flaggers ninka, zai iya ba da damar EBMS na Faransa ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na Amurka. Zai iya fitar da "tallafin 'yancin kai" ga ƙungiyoyin kafofin watsa labaru masu rahusa kamar TV Liberté, ƙirƙira bututun indie.
Harkokin diflomasiyyar 'yancin fadar albarkacin baki na Amurka na iya haifar da tayar da kayar baya ta hanyar fitar da samfurin Rogan/Von/Carlson zuwa Turai mai fama da rikici, wanda ya haifar da furannin daji na kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa. Harkokin diflomasiyyar magana ta MAGA na iya kunna sabuntar al'adu ta hanyar tallafawa "tsarin bootcamps" - tarurrukan zurfafawa inda masu kirkirar Faransa daga Tocsin, QG, Frontières, ko TV Libertés da sauransu ke horar da su a karkashin fastocin Amurka a cikin jijiya na Rogan ko Carlson, suna girmama fasahar marathon.
Ofishin jakadancin Amurka a birnin Paris na iya karbar bakuncin "Dare na Gaskiya" don tarwatsa shingen shiga, yana danganta muryoyin 'yan adawa kai tsaye ga masu tasiri da manyan mutane, tare da karkatar da igiyoyin fasaha na cibiyar fasaha. Kuma ta hanyar ɗaukar Substack a matsayin kayan aiki na ikon mallaka, tare da ingantaccen horo kan gina masu sauraro, Amurka za ta iya ba wa marubutan Faransa su kafa masarautun kai tsaye zuwa masu karatu kamar Bari Weiss' free Press ko virtuoso aikin jarida kamar Matt Taibbi's Labaran Racket - yin oligarchic overlord ba kawai mara amfani ba, amma maras dacewa.
Matsalolin Faransanci - sansanonin shari'a da aka gina akan kalaman ƙiyayya, gidajen yanar gizo na oligarchic suna shake bambance-bambancen, da ra'ayoyin al'adu na al'ada - tilasta bin bin doka da oda kan rashin fahimtar juna. Mayafin kariyar ARCOM injin daskarewa ne. Ƙa'idar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tana lalata abubuwan da suka gabata; net ɗin dijital shine zuwa sararin samaniyar abin da Rukunin ya kasance ga Commons. Amma duk da haka masu cin gashin kai kamar Tocsin, TV Liberté, Frontières, da QG suna wasa David zuwa Goliath. Menene ainihin gyara? Al'adar Jacobin Torch, watsar da mallakar, maraba da muhawarar daji. Idan ba a yi wani abu ba, Amurka za ta zauna ba tare da taimako ba, tana kallon Open Society da Ford Foundations suna shirye-shiryen ɗaukar fansa na sojojin mulkin dimokuradiyya daga tushensu na baya na Turai.
A nan ne diflomasiyyar 'Yancin Magana za ta iya taka rawa. Washington na iya taimakawa wajen haifar da kafaffen gidan yanar gizo na kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa, yana ɗaga muryoyi masu zaman kansu. Yi tsalle tare da nasara cikin sauri-saurin biza don hazaka daga TV Liberté, ramukan haɗin gwiwar Amurka don Tocsin da Frontières, fashe fashe na jihohi suna yiwa ayyukan ARCOM alama kamar yadda Gyaran Farko yayi zunubi. Sikeli zuwa manyan swings: Haɗa kuɗin NATO zuwa EMFA, iri "Asusun Gaskiya na Transatlantic" tare da Yuro miliyan 100 don ƙaddamar da kwasfan fayilolin indie, taron koli na shekara-shekara da ke shirya fasahar hana harsashi tare da masu ƙirƙira daga waɗannan kantuna.
Ta hanyar tayar da hayaniyar magana ta Amurka da taurin kai na Turai, tsarin diflomasiyya na Farko ba zai taimaka wa Faransa kawai ba - zai haifar da juyin juya hali na duniya game da hukuma. 'Yancin kafofin watsa labarai ba a cikin akwatin ofishin; yana da ikon mutane. Faransa, ɗauki layin: Rogans ɗinku suna kira.
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Renaud Beauchard is dan jarida dan kasar Faransa tare da Tocsin, daya daga cikin manyan kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu a Faransa. Yana da wasan kwaikwayo na mako-mako kuma yana dogara ne a DC.
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