A cikin Fabrairu 2020, gwamnatin Trump ta tsara wani daftarin aiki- wanda aka buga "ba don rarrabawa ko sakin jama'a ba" kuma hakika an kiyaye shi daga kallon jama'a na tsawon watanni - wanda zai jagoranci masu yanke shawara a kowane matakin gwamnati da kowane bangare na tattalin arziki don tunkarar sabuwar kwayar cutar da ta zama sananne ta hanyar gajeriyar kimiyya "Covid-19."
A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2020, kuma daga baya a cikin A 16 ga Maris taron manema labarai, Hukumar ta bayyana abubuwan da ke cikin waccan takarda a karkashin banner "Kwanaki 15 don rage yaduwar cutar."
Kusan shekaru 2 bayan haka, Amurkawa na ci gaba da kokarin komawa ga al'ada, har yanzu suna tauye 'yancinsu, suna ci gaba da fafutukar dawo da umarni da masu zartarwa na son rai, har yanzu suna auna darussan da aka koya.
Darasi na daya: Kasashe masu 'yanci bai kamata su taba daukar matakin su daga gwamnatocin azzalumai ba.
Ko ta hanyar rashin iyawa ko niyya, an haifi cutar ta Covid-19 a cikin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC) - haka kuma littafin wasan kwaikwayo don ba da amsa ga cutar.
"Kasar gurguzu ce jam'iyya daya tak… Ba za mu iya tsira da ita ba a Turai, mun yi tunani," kamar yadda muka yi tunani. yanzu - kunya Masanin ilimin cututtukan Birtaniyya Neil Ferguson ya tuna na martanin PRC ga Covid-19. "Sannan Italiya ta yi hakan, kuma mun fahimci za mu iya."
Ferguson ta samfurin kwamfuta firgita gwamnatoci a duk faɗin Duniyar Kyauta don yin koyi da PRC da kullewa. Daga Turai zuwa Amurka zuwa Ostiraliya, an sami inuwa daban-daban da gradations zuwa kulle-kulle, amma dukkansu sun taka 'yancin kai, 'yancin ɗan adam da tsarin doka.
Gwamnatin Trump ta ambata daftarin dabara, alal misali, an yi hasashen "taɓawar zamantakewa," "sarrafa wurin aiki," "matsayi mai tsanani," da "sassun marasa magunguna" a matakin tarayya, jihohi, ƙananan hukumomi da masu zaman kansu. Waɗannan za su haɗa da "dabarun keɓewar gida," " soke kusan duk wasannin motsa jiki, wasan kwaikwayo, da tarukan jama'a da na sirri," "rufe makarantu," da "huruɗɗan zama a gida don ƙungiyoyin jama'a da masu zaman kansu."
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa azzaluman gwamnatoci kamar PRC bi dabarar “sifili Covid”, da aka ba da umarnin kulle-kulle, wanda dokar zartarwa ta zartar, da iyakance yancin motsi, yancin taro, da ayyukan addini, tattalin arziki da al'adu - duk don abin da waɗanda ke kan mulki suka ɗauka "mafi kyau." Yin soyayya da zamanin Fir’auna, haka azzalumai suke yi. Kuma wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Amurkawa suka kafa kundin tsarin mulki ya kayyade ikon gwamnati - ko da a lokacin rikici. Shugaba Eisenhower (a cikin 1957-58) da Shugaba Johnson (wanda ya kasance buge a lokacin bala'in 1968-69) sun mutunta iyakokin lokacin bala'o'in da suka gabata, kuma gwamnoni da masu unguwanni sun bi tafarkinsu. Abin baƙin ciki, akasin haka ya faru a cikin 2020-21.
Darasi na Biyu: Ƙungiyoyin 'yanci sun dogara ga ƴan ƙasa da shugabanni waɗanda suke tunani mai zurfi kuma suna da ma'anar tarihi.
Rushewar da kulle-kullen ya yi yana da ubanni da yawa-masu sarrafa kwamfuta waɗanda suka firgita masu tsara manufofin tarayya tare da zato waɗanda suka yi ado da tabbaci; jami'an kiwon lafiya da aka baiwa masu kula da gwamnati ba tare da wata ma'ana ko kula da sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba; gwamnonin da suka yi mulkin fiat. Amma kuma raba laifin garke ne na kafofin watsa labarai wanda a kasala ko da gangan ya taru sharuddan, kumbura tsayi, kuma ya haifar da tsoro; tsarin ilimin jama'a wanda ya kasa haifar da tunani mai mahimmanci fiye da tsararraki; ɗan ƙasa da ba shi da wani ilimin tarihi wanda ya girmi babban tweet ɗin jiya.
James Madison lura cewa "Mutanen da ke nufin su zama gwamnonin kansu, dole ne su ba da ikon da ilimi ke bayarwa." Ba tare da irin wannan ilimin ba, ya yi gargadin, jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya "tafiyar magana ce ga wani abin tsoro ko bala'i, ko watakila duka biyun." Kuma ga mu nan.
A bayyane yake babu wani a cikin Ofishin Oval a cikin Maris 2020 mai ma'anar tarihi - babu wanda ke da tawali'u don tambaya: "Shin, a matsayinmu na al'umma da gwamnati, ba mu yi maganin ƙwayoyin cuta irin wannan ba a baya? 1960s da makara 1950s? Yaya muka yi game da waɗancan annoba? Me gwamnati ta yi—ba ta yi ba—a wancan lokacin? Za mu iya amincewa da waɗannan samfuran kwamfuta? Shin kuɗaɗen kulle-kulle-tattalin arziki, jin daɗin rayuwar jama'a, jin daɗin ɗaiɗaikun mutum, tsarin mulki, cibiyoyi - sun cancanci fa'idodin? Akwai wani abu a cikin ilimin kimiyya wannan ya kalubalanci wannan dabarun kulle-kullen?"
Na san amsoshin irin waɗannan tambayoyin a cikin 2020, kuma ni ba ƙwararre ba ne a harkokin gudanarwar jama'a ko lafiyar jama'a. Ni marubuci ne kawai. Amma ba a taɓa yin irin waɗannan tambayoyin ba a Washington a cikin Maris 2020 - don haka ba a taɓa amsa su ba.
Ana iya hasashen - kodayake a hankali a hankali - kulle-kullen sun tabbatar da ba su da amfani ga ƙasar da aka kafa akan 'yancin ɗan adam, m daga mahangar kimiyya kuma ba za a iya jurewa ba ga adadin Amurkawa da ke karuwa koyaushe. Duk da haka a cikin ƙin al'adun Covid don ba da izinin komawa ga al'ada kuma a cikin ƙamus na Orwellian - "makonni biyu masu zuwa suna da mahimmanci… 15 kwanaki don rage yaduwar… 30 kwanaki don daidaita lankwasa… bi kimiyya… shot kuma mu koma al’ada”, an tunatar da mu game da halin ɗan adam na sarrafa sauran mutane, da ikon shiga cikin tsoro, da kuma halin da jihar ke da shi na faɗaɗa kai da rawar da take takawa. Da zarar an buɗe waɗannan cututtukan, kamar yadda aka yi a cikin Maris 2020, ba su da sauƙi ko sauri.
Darasi na uku: Sassaucin tsarin tarayya ya fi daidai da tsarin tsakiya.
Alhamdu lillahi, tsarin gwamnatinmu na tarayya, wanda ya siffantu da ikon siyasa da aka raba a tsakanin kananan hukumomi, jihohi da tarayya, yana da wuya a tilasta wa kowa a kowace jiha, kowace karamar hukuma, kowane birni ya yi abu iri daya kuma a ci gaba da yinsa. Wary na ikon zartarwa na tsakiya, Masu Kafa sun so haka. Lallai sun jagoranci tsarin da ya ga jihohi sun kafa gwamnatin tarayya, ba akasin haka ba. Don haka, kamar yadda Alexis de Tocqueville ya yi mamaki, "Ana yaɗuwar hankali da ikon jama'a a duk sassan wannan ƙasa mai faɗi… maimakon haskakawa daga wuri guda, suna tsallaka juna ta kowace hanya."
Kamar darasi na zahiri na duniya, cutar ta ba da haske ga Amurkawa tsarin tsarin mulkinsu na tsarin mulki: Gwamnonin sun fara ja da baya a Washington, 'yan majalisar dokoki na jihohi kan gwamnoni, sheriffs da kuma shugabannin 'yan sanda a kan masu unguwanni, kasuwanci, gidajen ibada da daidaikun mutane a kan duk abin da ke sama.
Zuwa ƙarshen 2021, har ma da waɗanda suke da gaske - idan da son zuciya -yi imani gwamnatin tarayya na iya "kayar da kwayar cutar," kamar yadda Shugaba Biden ya sha alwashin, yarda cewa "babu wata mafita ta tarayya." Daidai sosai, babu wata hanyar gwamnati a cikin al'umma mai 'yanci don dakatar da yaduwar Covid-19. Tabbas, gwamnatin tarayya na iya samun dama, rarrabawa da isar da albarkatu, daidaita ƙungiyoyin hukumomi da amsoshi da yawa, kiyaye ƙa'idodi da yin sayayya mai yawa. Amma ba zai iya dakatar da yaduwar kwayar cutar ba.
Wasu bristle a cikin haphazarness na abin da ya samo asali zuwa wani patchwork martani ga Covid-19. Amma wannan yana nuna ainihin abin da Kafafen Amirka suka yi hasashe. Abin da ke da ma'ana ga New Jersey da Oregon, abin da 'yan Californians da New Yorkers suka jure daga gwamnoninsu wajen mayar da martani ga Covid-19, ba shi da ma'ana kuma ba za a yarda da shi a South Dakota ko South Carolina, Iowa ko Florida ba.
Hakanan mahimmanci, da aji na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka a cikin waɗancan jihohin na kulle-kulle ba za su iya da'awar cewa manufofin gwamnati sun ceci ƙarin rayuka ba. Jay Bhattacharya, farfesa na MD-PhD na manufofin kiwon lafiya a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Stanford wanda ya yi nazarin cututtukan cututtuka na tsawon shekaru ashirin, kwanan nan ya zazzage bayanan adadin shekarun mutuwa na CDC don kulle-kulle California da Florida kyauta. "Abin da na gano shi ne kusan daidai suke," in ji shi rahotanni.
Darasi na hudu: A tsarinmu, majalisa ita ce bangaren gwamnati na farko.
Kamar yadda tilas ne jihohi su binciki isar gwamnatin tarayya, cutar ta tunatar da Amurkawa cewa dole ne majalisa ta duba ikon zartarwa.
Tsarin tsarin mulkin Amurka ya fara da bayanin sashe na 1 na majalisar wakilai. “Mutane ne ke tsara tsarin majalisar” ba sarki ko janar ba, ba ta shugaban ƙasa ko gwamna ba, ba ta kwamitin ƙwararru da ke zama “madaidaicin matsayi ba.” Tocqueville ya rubuta game da Majalisar Wakilai, "Sau da yawa babu wani mutum mai mahimmanci a cikin duka." Amma duk da haka waɗanda suka kafa sun ƙaddara cewa Majalisar - daidai saboda tana nuna ɗan adam - za ta jagoranci duk mahimman ayyukan gudanarwa, musamman hanawa da kuma juyar da wuce gona da iri.
Kundin tsarin mulki na jihohi bi wannan samfurin. Amma duk da haka tare da majalisun dokokin jihohi da yawa suna yin taron watanni biyu kawai a kowace shekara - wasu kuma an ba su izinin yin taro a cikin manyan tarukan da umarnin gwamna kawai - ikon gwamna ya yi kaca-kaca a farkon watannin farko na annobar. Ana iya ba wa gwamnoni ikon yin jagoranci a cikin gaggawar lafiyar jama'a. Amma a matsayin jiha 'yan majalisa, jiha lauyoyin janar, jihar da kuma tarayya Kotuna, Da kuma zaba bin doka da oda jami'an bayyana a sarari, cewa ikon ba cikakke ba ne. Gwamnoni ba su da ikon yin mulki ta hanyar fiat. Gaggawa ba sa keta dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ko ainihin haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam—kuma ba za su iya wanzuwa har abada ba. Hukumar gaggawa ta gwamna ba za ta iya kwace iko da hurumin majalisa ba.
Alhamdu lillahi, da dama jihohin sun maido da daidaiton tsarin mulki ta hanyar kwato rawar da suka taka tare da mayar da ikon gwamna.
Darasi na biyar: Dole ne a auna kowace manufa da sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba.
Kulle-kulle da gwamnati ta bayar ya yi barna fiye da ita kanta cutar. Amma kar ka dauki maganata. "Tarihi zai ce ƙoƙarin sarrafa Covid-19 ta hanyar kullewa babban kuskure ne a sikelin duniya," ƙarasa Mark Woolhouse, tsohon mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Biritaniya. "Maganin ya fi cutar muni."
"Idan kuna da cuta kuma ba ku san halayenta ba," in ji Bhattacharya, "ba ku san adadin mutuwarsa ba, ba ku san wanda yake cutar da shi ba, ka'idar rigakafin ta ce, da kyau, ku ɗauka mafi muni game da shi." Kuma masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi daidai da haka. Koyaya, kamar yadda suka ɗauka mafi muni game da Covid-19 - zato waɗanda yakamata a sake bitar su a watan Afrilu-Mayu na 2020, kamar yadda bayanai masu ƙarfi suka maye gurbin hasashen mutane kamar Ferguson - sun ɗauki mafi kyawun martani game da martanin su ga Covid-19, musamman cewa farashin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin manufofin su ya dogara da haɗarin Covid-19 fiye da cutarwa. Bhattacharya ya kira wannan "mummunan kuskuren ƙa'idar taka tsantsan."
Sabili da haka, miliyoyin wajibi tiyata an soke ko jinkirta shi a cikin Amurka saboda dokar kullewa. Adadin mutuwar bugun zuciya ya yi yawa saboda tsoron Covid-19 ya hana marasa lafiya daga kulawar da ake bukata. Masu bincike aikin dubunnan mace-mace masu fama da cutar sankara a Amurka sakamakon jinkirin gwajin da aka yi sakamakon kulle-kullen. rabin na masu ciwon daji sun rasa maganin chemotherapy. Ba a yi fiye da rabin rigakafin yara ba.
Cibiyar Brookings ƙarasa, "Wataƙila al'amarin Covid-19 zai haifar da wani babba, dawwamammen nonon jarirai… raguwar ƙila za a haihu 300,000 zuwa 500,000 a Amurka”—a cikin shekara ɗaya kawai. Wannan ba aikin mace-mace ba ne a tsakanin matan da suka kai shekarun haihuwa, sai dai na tsoro da fidda rai.
Miliyoyin Amurkawa ba su da aikin yi, yayin da kulle-kullen gwamnati ya shafe sana'o'i da masana'antu baki daya. Keɓewa, asarar aiki da baƙin ciki da kulle-kullen ya haifar dubun dubatar mutuwar daga shaye-shaye da kashe kansa, tare da tashe-tashen hankula a ƙoƙarin kashe kansa tsakanin 'yan mata matasa da kuma shan miyagun kwayoyi mutuwar.
Domestic tashin hankali da kuma rashin abinci mai gina jiki na yara ya karu saboda kulle-kulle. Daruruwan dubban Ba a ba da rahoto game da cin zarafin yara ba saboda kulle-kulle-sakamakon yaran da ba sa makaranta, inda aka fara gano cin zarafi. Kuma ba za mu taɓa iya ƙididdige yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa na shekara ɗaya ba tare da koyarwar aji ba, amma masu bincike sun faɗi. rage tsawon rai da kuma rage samun riba. Kulle-kulle za su tsoratar da wannan tsarar da ta bata shekaru da yawa.
A cikin 2020, ajin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka cikin rawar jiki ya ce ya kamata kowa ya canza zuwa fasahar dijital na ƴan watanni ko ƴan shekaru. Amma nan da nan sauran mu mun gane cewa yawancin Amurkawa ba za su iya ba aikin daga gida; cewa yawancin mu ba za su iya ba koyi daga gida ko ibada daga gida; wannan “na zahiri”—koyo na zahiri, aiki na zahiri, bauta ta zahiri—yana nufin “ba gaskiya ba;” cewa haɗin faux na zamaninmu na dijital ba su zama madadin haɗin gaske ba; cewa abin da yake gaskiya tun farko ya kasance gaskiya a yau. "Bai da kyau mutum ya kasance shi kaɗai."
Lallai, farashin ruhi-zuciya na kulle-kulle suna da zurfi da fadi. A lokacin rikici ne mutane suka fi bukatar kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali na ziyartar gidan ibada. Kulle-kulle sun kwace hakan, suka hana dubban miliyoyin daga Amurkawa taro tare domin ibada. Ƙoƙarin yin biyayya ga kiran Allah yayin da suke zama ’yan ƙasa nagari, yawancin gidajen ibada sun ƙaura zuwa wuraren ibada. Domin gidajen ibada su yi haka bisa ga zaɓi yana da kyau; haka kuma, ga daidaikun mutane su zaɓi kada su halarci ayyukan ibada saboda damuwa da lafiyarsu, nuni ne na nauyin ɗaiɗaikun—mahimmancin kwatankwacin ‘yancin kai. Amma ga masu imani a hana su gudanar da ayyukan addini ta hanyar zartarwa wani abu ne da bai kamata ya faru a Amurka ba.
Yana nuna cewa kalmomin farko na Kwaskwarima na Farko sun mai da hankali kan yancin addini. Tunanin cewa gwamnati ba ta da wurin tantance ko, a ina, ko yaushe ko kuma abin da mutum zai iya yin ibada cikin lumana shi ne ginshikin al’ummarmu mai ‘yanci. Ba dole ba ne mu yi sujada a rana ɗaya ko ta hanyoyi ɗaya—ko ma—ko kaɗan—don fahimtar wannan.
Darasi na shida: Idan ba tare da ijma'in kimiyya ba, ba zai yuwu a "bi kimiyya ba."
Masana kimiyya sun yi sabani kan abubuwa da yawa, gami da yadda ake mayar da martani ga Covid-19. Ee, masana kimiyya tare da manyan megaphones sun ba da shawarar kulle-kulle, keɓancewar jama'a na masu lafiya da wani abu mai kama da "sifili Covid." Amma kamar yadda masana kimiyya da yawa, watakila ƙari - masana kimiyya masu yawa da takaddun shaida da haruffa kusa da sunayensu kamar Anthony Fauci, Rochelle Walensky da Deborah Birx - sun yi adawa da kulle-kulle kuma a maimakon haka sun ba da shawarar hanyoyin da al'ummomin 'yanci suka ɗauka tsawon ƙarni don mayar da martani ga ƙwayoyin cuta.
A gaskiya ma, wasu masana kimiyya 60,000 sun yi tafi a rikodin yana kira da a koma ga wadancan hanyoyin da aka tabbatar da kimiyya: kariya da aka yi niyya ga mafi rauni; keɓe marasa lafiya; yanke shawara na likita na mutum ɗaya don sauran al'umma, tare da iyakancewar lalacewar tattalin arziki, kasuwanci da al'adu. Masoyan su shine marigayi Donald Henderson, wanda ya jagoranci yunkurin kawar da cutar sankarau. Henderson ya yi gardama sosai game da kulle-kulle a ciki 2006.
Ƙungiyoyi masu 'yanci a koyaushe suna ƙoƙari su nemo daidaito tsakanin amfanin jama'a da 'yancin ɗan adam-musamman a lokutan haɗari. Amma hakan ba zai yuwu ba idan ƙwararrun masana a wani fanni (lafin lafiyar jama'a a wannan yanayin) ba su yarda ba kan yadda za a iya magance haɗarin. Bhattacharya yayi bayanin cewa "a cikin lafiyar jama'a, akwai ka'ida ta haɗin kai ta saƙo…
Mahimmanci, akwai "gaggarumin fadace-fadace da ke gudana a tsakanin al'ummar kimiyya" da "rashin tabbas a cikin al'ummar kimiyya" kan Covid-19. Abin baƙin ciki, wannan rashin tabbas da rashin yarda bai ba jama'a tauraruwar fafutu su dakata ba. Madadin haka, Bhattacharya ya ce "mutane kamar Dr. Fauci sun yi tsalle zuwa wannan ka'ida ta lafiyar jama'a" kuma "a zahiri, rufe muhawarar kimiyya."
Abin ban mamaki, Fauci da kansa alama ce ta rashin tabbas na kimiyya: A cikin Janairu 2020, Fauci ya ce na Covid-19, "Wannan ba babbar barazana ba ce ga mutanen Amurka." A cikin Fabrairu 2020, ya kammala"Sakamakon asibiti na Covid-19 na iya zama mafi kama da na murar yanayi mai tsanani (wanda ke da adadin mace-mace kusan kashi 0.1 cikin ɗari) ko kuma cutar mura (mai kama da waɗanda ke cikin 1957 da 1968)." Sannan, a cikin Maris 2020, ya canza hanya. Ya yi irin wannan na daya da tamanin akan abin rufe fuska, yana mai cewa babu bukatar hakan masks a cikin hunturu na 2020, kafin na kira da'a hadakai "Sanye da abin rufe fuska na duniya" a lokacin bazara na 2020, sannan bada shawara biyu-masking a farkon 2021.
Yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau mu tabbatar da waɗannan sauye-sauyen da ƙin yarda da amsawar da aka tabbatar a kimiyance ta hanyar ayyana, “Lokacin da bayanai suka canza, dole ne mu canza tunaninmu.” Amma da aka ba da gaskiyar abubuwan da ke tattare da martanin bala'i na hankali ba canji, idan aka yi la'akari da rikice-rikicen da ke haifar da koma baya ga lafiyar jama'a, idan aka ba da sakamakon ƙin yarda da abin da ya yi aiki a lokacin bala'in 1957-58 (wanda ke da mafi girman shari'ar-mutuwa). rate fiye da Covidien-19), Ana iya gafartawa Amurkawa don tambayar "kimiyya" da kuma shakkar masana kimiyya. Tabbas, ta yaya 'yan ƙasa da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai za su “bi kimiyya” alhali babban masanin kimiyyar ƙasar bai ma yarda da kansa ba?
Darasi na Bakwai: Bai kamata a ce ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru za su tafiyar da Amurka ba.
Rikicin Covid-19 nazari ne na abin da zai iya faruwa ba daidai ba lokacin da masu tsara manufofi suka jinkirta gudanar da mulki ga masana batutuwa.
Ka yi la'akari da shi ta wannan hanya: Muna son shugabanni su yi la'akari da abin da janar-janar ya ba da shawarar, amma ba za mu so Janar-janar su kasance masu jagoranci ba. Muna son gwamnoni su yi la'akari da abin da ma'aikata da kasuwanci ke ba da shawarar, amma ba za mu so AFL-CIO ko Chamber of Commerce su kasance masu kulawa ba. Duk da haka abin da ya faru ke nan yayin rikicin Covid-19, yayin da mafi yawan zaɓaɓɓun shugabannin zartarwa kawai suka jinkirta duk aiwatar da manufofin ga masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Tabbas, shugabanni nagari suna neman kuma suyi la'akari da shawarar masana batutuwa. Duk da haka, ƙwararrun batutuwa sun kafa shawarwarin su akan takamaiman yanki na ƙwarewar su, wanda ta hanyar ma'anar yana da iyaka da esoteric. Ba su da kayan aikin da za su yi la'akari da duk abubuwan ciniki da abubuwan - tsarin mulki, siyasa, tattalin arziki, kasuwanci, al'adu - zaɓaɓɓun jami'an da ake sa ran za su yi la'akari da su. Kuma shi ya sa ba a basu ikon gudanar da mulki ba.
Kamar yadda Fr. John Jenkins, shugaban Jami'ar Notre Dame, tunatarwa mu, akwai “tambayoyin da masanin kimiyya, da yake magana sosai a matsayin masanin kimiyya, ba zai iya ba mu amsa ba. Don tambayoyi game da ƙimar ɗabi'a—yadda ya kamata mu yanke shawara kuma mu aikata—kimiyya na iya sanar da shawarwarinmu, amma ba zai iya ba da amsar ba.”
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Alan Dowd mawallafi ne kuma Babban Fellow a Cibiyar Sagamore a Indianapolis. Rubutunsa, wanda ke mayar da hankali kan kare 'yancin kai a gida da waje, ya bayyana a cikin Review Policy, Parameters, World Politics Review, Real Clear Defense, Fraser Forum, American Legion Magazine, Providence, Soja Jami'in, Claremont Review of Littattafai, By Faith, Washington Times, Baltimore Sun, Washington Examiner, National Post, Wall Street Journal Turai, Urushalima Post, Financial Times Deutschland, National American Faith Institute da Interest Institute, Interest Institute, Faith da Interest Institute.
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