Kila kimiyya ba shine abin da kuke tsammani ba, kuma hakan yayi daidai.
Kamar yadda har yanzu za mu iya ƙaunar iyayenmu idan muka daina ganin su a matsayin "manyan Allah" ma'asumai kamar Allah kuma muka koyi game da cikakken ɗan adam, muna ganin kimiyya a matsayin tsari marar kyau kuma har yanzu muna son shi a matsayin kyakkyawa kuma mai iya kawo sauyi a cikin al'ummarmu.
Yawancin mutane suna koyan ilimin kimiyya a makaranta a matsayin taƙaitaccen bayani game da sararin samaniya. Zafi yana sa ruwa ya tafasa ya koma gas. Wutar lantarki na iya motsawa tare da wayar tagulla. DNA tana ɓoye bayanan da ke sanya rayayyun halittu abin da suke.
Duk da yake da yawa daga cikin waɗannan gaskiyar gaskiya ne (ko kuma mafi daidai, babu wata shaida da ke ba da dalilin shakkar su), kallon kimiyya a matsayin kundin sani yaudara ne; yana hana jama'a mu'amala da sahun gaba na kimiyya, kuma ta haka ya hana kimiyya damar sanar da jama'a a lokacin rikici kamar cutar ta COVID-19.
Kimiyya ba komai bane illa na dindindin kuma monolithic. A lokacin cutar ta COVID-19, jama'a sun gani a cikin masana'antar tsiran alade na kimiyyar zamani kuma suna puked. Shin masks sun yi aiki, ko ba su yi ba? Shin rufe makarantu yana da tasiri wajen ceton rayuka ko kuwa? Shin alluran rigakafi sun ba da kariya ta dindindin daga kamuwa da cuta? Shin SARS-CoV-2 sun fito a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje? Abin da aka sayar wa jama'a a matsayin Kimiyya wata rana ya zama mummunan labari na gaba, kuma akasin haka.
Da yawa daga cikin jama'a ba su fahimci komai ba, sun yi tawaye a mafi muni. "Rashin amana" a kimiyya ya yi tashin gwauron zabi tsakanin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma "amincewa" a kimiyya ya tashi tsakanin masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ta hanyar gabatar da kimiyya a matsayin tsarin imani guda ɗaya, tarin abubuwan da za a amince da su kuma ba za a yi tambaya ba, mun ƙirƙiri wata hanyar sadarwa ta siyasa wacce ta ba da ilimin kimiyyar da ke tasowa a matsayin rashin fahimta kuma ta yaudari jama'a game da yanayin kimiyyar kanta, duk amma ba da garantin martani na bangaranci ta hanyar hana shiga jama'a da shiga cikin tsarin kimiyya.
Gaskiya yana da sauƙi a faɗi: masana kimiyya da ke aiki a kan gaba-gaba na kimiyya suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Bamu yarda ba. Mun karanta wasu takardu kuma mu ce "Cool! Ina so in dauki wannan ra'ayin zuwa mataki na gaba." Mun karanta wasu takardu, ku ce "Wannan datti ne!!!" kuma ku yi la’akari da ko ya cancanci lokaci da ƙoƙari don buga dalilan da suka sa mu ƙi. A cikin aiwatar da dubban mutane a cikin kowane fanni na karatun kimiyya, yarda da wasu kuma rashin yarda da wasu, maimaita wasu sakamako da karyata wasu, tsarin ilimin gama gari sannu a hankali ya ragu zuwa wani tsari na gwaje-gwaje da ka'idoji waɗanda har yanzu ba a tabbatar da su ba. Dogon baka na kimiyya yana karkata zuwa ga gaskiya, amma sai idan muka kiyaye amincin tsarin da muka saba da kuma tattauna hujja.
A cikin COVID-19, an yi ƙoƙari sosai don ƙarfafa mutane su "bi kimiyya." Mantra, “Bi ilimin kimiyya,” galibi ana amfani da makami a cikin jawabin jama’a don ba da shawarar “Kimiyyar” ta nuna manufofin ɗayan “daidai ne” kuma manufofin ɗayan “ba daidai ba ne.” A zahiri, a duk lokacin bala'in masana kimiyya sun karanta wallafe-wallafen, suna da kimantawa daban-daban na kowane takarda, kuma sun tsunduma cikin kimiyya ta hanyar tsarawa da buga aikinsu na gaba. Duk wanda ya zo da "Bi Ilimin Kimiyya" bai yi wa jama'a hidima ba sosai, kuma muna ƙara ɓarna kimiyya ta hanyar tambayar ko kimiyyar "amincin" jama'a ko a'a.
Kimiyya ba tsarin imani ba ne, don haka ba abu ne da za a amince da shi ba. Kimiyya wani tsari ne na zamantakewa wanda kowa zai iya shiga, tattaunawa ce da hujjoji da za a bincika, tattauna, tambaya, a gwada. Kimiyya ba ta iyakance ga Hasumiyar Ivory Coast da mutanen da ke da PhDs ba. Kowane mutum, ko ta yaya ba a san su ba ko na ban mamaki (a cikin ra'ayoyinmu masu ban mamaki na "m"), na iya bincika takarda, tambayi wasu sakamakon, tattauna su, kuma canza ra'ayoyinmu. Ko akalla, haka ya kamata ya kasance.
Misali na sirri na bude, sa hannun jama'a a kimiyya ya faru a wasu ayyukana yayin bala'in COVID-19. A cikin Afrilu 2020, Justin Silverman, Nathaniel Hupert, da ni muna zargin cewa cutar COVID-XNUMX ta Amurka tana yin la'akari da gaskiyar cutar.. Mun ƙidaya adadin majinyata da ke ziyartar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya masu fama da mura kamar mura (ILI) a cikin Maris a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma mun kwatanta shi da adadin marasa lafiya da ILI a cikin Maris na 2020. Mun sami adadi mafi girma na marasa lafiya da alamun mura a cikin Maris 2020 fiye da shekarun baya. Mun haɗu da adadin marasa lafiya na ILI kowane mai ba da sabis tare da adadin masu samarwa a kowace jiha don ƙididdige adadin marasa lafiya na ILI a kowace jiha. Mun kiyasta sama da mutane miliyan 20 za su iya kamuwa da cutar a fadin Amurka a cikin Maris 2020. Ƙarin cututtuka, tare da adadin masu mutuwa iri ɗaya, yana nufin ƙarancin yiwuwar mutuwa da aka samu da kamuwa da cuta - Wannan yuwuwar labari mai daɗi na iya canza da ban mamaki yadda muka yi hasashen zazzagewar COVID-19 mai zuwa a duk faɗin Amurka. Har yanzu mutane za su mutu, amma watakila tsarin kiwon lafiya da al'umma ba za su ruguje ba a cikin jihohi kamar South Dakota ko Florida, inda manajoji suka fice daga manufofin tsarewa.
Mun raba pre-buga a kan Twitter, ya samu ta hanyar data ƙwararrun gani a The Economist, kuma cikin dare sanarwarmu ta fashe. Dubun dubatar mutane suna karanta rubutun mu, kuma da zai kasance da sauƙi a sha daga hodar wuta fiye da fahimtar wannan tashin hankali a wannan ma'auni. Komawa cikin Afrilu 2020, yana faɗin cewa COVID na iya zama mara kyau kamar kiyasin da suka gabata (misali> 1 kashi XNUMX na yawan masu kamuwa da cuta) masana kimiyya da yawa sun gani daidai da faɗin "COVID yaudara ne" amma, a gare ni, a matsayin mai kididdigar ƙididdiga, yana da mahimmanci a raba ƙididdiga kuma ba nuna son kai ba dangane da wanda ya faɗi abin da yake yaudara.
Masana kimiyya da yawa sun yi ƙorafi ba tare da fa'ida ba, suna cewa takardar mu shara ce, ba don kowane dalili na gaske ba, a maimakon haka, saboda suna tunanin yana da "haɗari" ko kuma ya ɓata manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a (musamman, manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da suka fi so - wannan ba ainihin hukuncin kimiya ba ne). Mun nemi zargi, kuma mun sami masu suka kawai, har sai da kwatsam wani mutum mai suna Seth Stevens-Davidowitz ya shiga tare da sharhi mai zurfi a cikin zaren zaren. Sharhin Seth yayi kyau sharhi.
Seth ba kowa ne da muka sani ba, kuma bai gabatar da kansa a matsayin likitan annoba ba, kuma ba mu san kowane irin ƙa'idar ba. Koyaya, Seth ya nuna cewa tsarinmu na haɓaka marasa lafiya na ILI kowane mai bayarwa zuwa matakin jiha, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a duk ƙasar, yana nuna ƙarin marasa lafiya da yawa sun ziyarci asibiti a cikin Amurka a cikin shekara guda fiye da sauran ingantattun ma'auni. Sakamakonmu ya nuna marasa lafiya da yawa, kuma muna buƙatar daidaita wannan. A zahiri ba mu "bukatar" don daidaita wannan ba - watakila za mu iya ƙwace masu bitar takwarorinsu na baya, tun da bayanin Seth bai shiga cikin hoto ba, amma mun yi imani Seth ya yi daidai kuma mun yi kuskure don haka mun ji wani hakki na ɗabi'a don gyara aikinmu a cikin haske mai kyau na Seth.
Ba mu yi watsi da Seth ba kuma ba mu gaya wa Seth bai cancanta ba, ba mu toshe Seth akan Twitter ba kuma muka ce mu ƙwararru ne. A gaskiya ma, Seth bai ma buƙatar zama Seth Stevens-Davidowitz ba don mu ji sautin ma'anarsa - idan wani asusun mai suna RoboCat1984 ya yi wannan batu, da mun ji shi duka ɗaya, domin yana da kyau batu. A matsayina na masana kimiyya, ni da abokan aikina muna ɗokin ci gaba da buɗe idanunmu.
A ƙarshe mun yarda da Seth. Mun fahimci cewa masu ba da bayanai ga CDC sun kasance manyan masu ba da lafiya, don haka mun daidaita hanyarmu don haɓaka ziyarar ILI zuwa matakin jiha ta hanyar da ke nuna jimillar majinyatan mu a Amurka daidai da jimillar marasa lafiya a Amurka da aka kiyasta ta wasu, mafi amintattun hanyoyin. Takardarmu ta ƙarshe ta kiyasta sama da mutane miliyan 8 sun kamu da cutar - har yanzu fiye da adadin 100,000 a lokacin. Wasu masana kimiyya sun ƙi mu har yanzu. Wasu sun ce “juyawar mu” ta nuna yadda mu ke mugun nufi a kimiyya, ko kuma cewa mun yi rashin gaskiya da ƙoƙarin tallafa wa Donald Trump. A gare ni, wannan wata rana ce kawai a kimiyya. Muna ƙoƙarinmu mafi kyau, kuma muna kasancewa mai tawali'u, haɗa ra'ayi daga rando mai wayo akan Twitter waɗanda suka sami maki masu kyau.
Na ci gaba da kasancewa tare da yin hasashen COVID-19 har zuwa BA.5, tare da wasu labarai da yawa da zan iya ba ku, amma akwai wani muhimmin labari da ya fi mai da hankali a kai a yau. Bayan annabta buƙatun likita, na koma ga tushen pre-COVID na kamuwa da cuta don yin nazarin asalin SARS-CoV-2, ina jin an cim ma a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe game da hasashen barkewar COVID kamar Sarki Richard yana dawowa daga Crusades. Ina sa ran samun kwanciyar hankali da gobarar ta yi karatu a gidana. Na karanta wallafe-wallafen da ke da'awar asalin binciken SARS-CoV-2 "ba zai yuwu ba" ko "marasa yiwuwa" ko "mai yuwuwa," cewa shigar da rukunin yanar gizon furin "marasa hankali ne," cewa shaidar asalin zoonotic "ba ta da kyau," kuma, duk da farko gaskanta asalin zoonotic. Ina da dalilai na yarda cewa duk aikin datti ne.
Misali, ɗauki binciken Worobey et al. na bayanan shari'ar farko da ke da'awar cewa sun sami “shaidar” shaida cewa SARS-CoV-2 ta samo asali a cikin rigar kasuwa. Takardar gaba ɗaya tana cikin iyawa na, kuma nan da nan na ji ƙarshenta bai yi kyau ba. Na yi imani, kamar yadda wasu da yawa suka yi dalla-dalla, cewa wuraren da ke cikin bayanan farkon shari'ar ba za su iya tantance asalin barkewar cutar ba saboda (1) ra'ayoyin sararin samaniya game da yadda muke tattara shari'o'in farko ba shi yiwuwa a gyara tsarin sa ido na baya da ba mu da shi a Wuhan (2) bayanan Worobey at al. An yi amfani da abubuwan da aka keɓance a baya ba tare da alaƙa da kasuwar rigar ba, (3) ƙarancin sararin samaniya na gwajin muhalli ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ƙimar da ta dace, irin su saman ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dillalan dabbobi suna iya gwada inganci kamar saman ƙasa a ƙarƙashin masu sayar da kayan lambu, (4) Gao et al. dabbobin da aka gwada a kasuwar rigar kuma ba dabba ɗaya da aka gwada tabbatacce ba, (5) ba za mu iya amincewa da China makauniya don samar da ingantattun bayanai ba, ba tare da son zuciya ba, idan aka yi la'akari da yiwuwar rashin son zuciya, a ƙarƙashin asalin lab, na iya bayyana laifinsu a cikin cutar, da ƙarin dalilai. Duk da ƙin yarda da Twitter ba kawai ba amma takardun da aka buga da kuma yawancin rubuce-rubucen da aka riga aka buga, marubutan ba su magance ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan dalilai ba, kuma ba su yi gyara ba a cikin al'umma don amfani da yare mai "ƙaddara" sosai. Maimakon haka, Worobey da kansa ya ci gaba da yada aikinsa ba tare da amincewa da iyakoki ko wakiltar ƙin yarda da yawancin masana kimiyya kamar ni ba. Tabbas wannan ma'aikatan ba za su yi watsi da Seth ba, komai kyawun maganarsa.
Na karanta sauran rubutun wannan rukunin - Pekar et al. – kuma waccan takarda, ita ma, ta fada cikin gidan kekena. Wannan takarda kuma, tana da iyakoki na hanya mai tsanani wanda ba zan iya samun kwarin gwiwa ga ƙarshe ba. Ba za ku iya kawai ƙarasa asalin ƙwayar cuta ba bisa tsarin bishiyar juyin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta, ba shakka ba tare da samfuran da suka yi amfani da su don yin ƙirar yadda bishiyoyin juyin halitta ke tsirowa a farkon barkewar cutar ba, kuma akwai ma kwararan shaidu da ke nuna jigo na zahiri - bishiyar su kanta - ba daidai ba ne. Na rubuta wa mawallafin imel na sirri don tayar da damuwata, kuma ba su sake rubutawa ba.
Don haka, na yi tweeted game da shi kuma a ƙarshe ni da abokan aikinmu mun rubuta takarda da ke bayyana dalilanmu. Mun raba takarda a shafin Twitter, kuma marubutan sun kai mana hari da cewa ba mu ba "Kwararru ba ne." Da yawa sun ci gaba da toshe ni kuma akwai wadatattun maganganu masu ban dariya. Tare da makamai na King Richard daga shekaru a cikin COVID warzone, waɗannan tweets sun birge ni kamar harsashi na Superman.
Wata rana kawai a kimiyya.
A cikin ƙwazo na a kimiyance kan tambayar asalin, na karanta kima a hankali na ɗayan ka'idar game da asalin lab. Ƙididdigar asali ta asali ta fito ne daga galibin asusun da ba a san su ba waɗanda ke tsoron a kira su masu ra'ayin wariyar launin fata ta hanyar manyan asusun masu bin diddigin wannan batun a kan Twitter (ciki har da wasu masu aiki tare da masu binciken gaskiya don kiran da'awar asalin lab-ainihin "rashin fahimta!"), da kuma ɗimbin jarumtaka, masu matukar hazaka ga mutanen da ba a san su ba, waɗanda ba a san su ba. ta duniya. Lu'u lu'u-lu'u na ɗan adam na kimiyya a cikin mawuyacin hali, don yin magana, aƙalla wannan shine ƙimara daga magana da waɗannan mutane. Wasu yuwuwar asalin lab ɗin ba su da tushe, wasu ba su da tushe, wasu kuma sun kasance masu nuna wariyar launin fata, duk da haka aikina ne na masanin kimiyya don nemo siginar a cikin hayaniya kuma in bayyana shi.
Don haka, na yi nazarin shaidar da ke ba da shawarar SARS-CoV-2 ta fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje da yawancin al'amuran da ake la'akari da su don tushen bincike.
Na ga ƙarancin shaidar zoonotic mai sauƙin samu, shaidar da za ta ƙi asalin lab, shaidar da ma muka nema har yanzu ba mu samu ba. A fasaha har yanzu ba mu sani ba cewa babu baki a wata, ko ma a nan duniya, amma mun neme su da hanyoyin da ya kamata mu iya gano su idan suna can, kuma ba mu same su ba don haka watakila ba a nan ko a kan wata ba. Haka tare da batan shaidar zoonotic. Baya ga bacewar shaidar zoonotic, na sami shaidar da ke nuna asalin lab ɗin ya zama mai tursasawa sosai. Mafi tursasawa shine tarin shaidun da ke kewaye da su kyautar DEFUSE yana ba da shawarar shigar da ingantacciyar wurin ɓarkewar furon na ɗan adam a cikin kwayar cutar SARS-CoV a Wuhan. Masana kimiyya da suka gaskanta SARS-CoV-2 sun taso daga dakin gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa, daidai kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin 2018, SARS-CoV-2 ya fito a Wuhan tare da ingantaccen wurin ɓarke jin mutum.
Menene rashin daidaiton hakan?
Low low, shi dai itace. Idan muna da kyautar DEFUSE a hannu a cikin Janairu 2020, lokacin da aka saki kwayar halittar SARS-CoV-2 ta farko daga Wuhan, nan da nan za mu iya ganin FCS da ingantaccen codon sa na ɗan adam. Rashin daidaituwa na irin wannan ingantaccen FCS na ɗan adam a cikin SARS-CoV a Wuhan kaɗai (watau ban da ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta) ya kusan 1 cikin miliyan 30 ko makamancin haka.
Koyaya, wasan wasan bai cika ba. Ƙarin shaida na iya canza wannan lambar.
Shin akwai wata shaida SARS-CoV-2 ta kasance clone mai kamuwa da cuta? A cikin neman amsoshi game da wannan batu, na yi tuntuɓe a cikin tweets na Valentin Bruttel da Tony VanDongen, bazuwar intanet guda biyu waɗanda ban taɓa jin labarinsu ba, duk da haka waɗannan mutane biyun bazuwar sun kasance masu hankali sosai kuma suna ba da mahimman bayanai. Valentin's Avatar yayi kama da yana iya kasancewa gaban albam mai nauyi, kuma avatar idon Tony da ba a bayyana sunansa ba da wani ɓangaren abin rufe fuska zai sa tsoro a zukatan ƙananan maza. Duk da haka, Valentin da Tony sun kasance masu kirki kuma suna faɗin abubuwa masu wayo, don haka na saurara.
Sun lura cewa clones masu kamuwa da cuta galibi ana haɗuwa tare da sanannun hanyar da ake kira "nau'in taro na jagora na II," kuma sun lura da gani cewa SARS-CoV-2 da alama suna da sawun yatsa na ainihin hanyar. Na tuntuɓi Valentin da Tony kuma mun haɗa kai don mayar da wannan shaidar zuwa takarda, tare da kasancewarsu injiniyoyi masu ban mamaki kuma ni na taimaka wajen ƙididdige yiwuwar ganin irin wannan ƙaƙƙarfan shaidar cloning a cikin coronavirus daji.
Mun rubuta binciken mu a cikin takarda, Na rubuta labarin kimiyya mai ban sha'awa yana bayanin abin da muka samo, kuma mun yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da harshe mai hankali yana cewa taswirar hana SARS-CoV-2 "ya dace da" clone mai kamuwa da cuta. Harshe yana da mahimmanci a cikin ilimin kimiyya - ba mu ce SARS-CoV-2 "ba'a ce" clone mai kamuwa da cuta ba kuma "ba ta karyata" asalin halitta ba, duk da haka yana ba da shawarar ka'idar cewa SARS-CoV-2 yana da asalin roba, ka'idar da muke ƙarfafa mutane don gwadawa, kuma mun yi imani SARS-CoV-2 tsarin juyayi ne na kwayoyin halitta, ko kuma a zahiri kwayar IKEA ce ko a'a).
The Economist ya dauko labarin, kuma dukan duniya ta sake barkewa cikin yaƙi. The Economist labarin kuma da tangarahu da kyau rubuta tsananin maganganun kimiyya akan wannan batu. Harshen ya kasance mai launi, don sanya shi a hankali. Ikon iyawarmu, mun mayar da martani da kyau ga jawabin da ba a so ba ta wajen fayyace ko wanene mu da kuma abin da muke nufi.
Mun saurara ta hanyar bazuwar, kamar yadda na yi a baya don nemo fahimtar Seth akan takardar ILI, kuma mun ji wannan tattaunawa ta duniya ta gano wasu mahimman bayanai don bincike na gaba. Mun yarda da masana kimiyya waɗanda suka kawo waɗannan mahimman bayanai, duk da haka mun ji cewa waɗannan abubuwan ba sa lalata sakamakonmu muddin suna ba da ƙarin hasashe don madadin bayani da bincike na gaba. Kimiyya ta ci gaba! Bayan shan hodar wutar da ake yi na zage-zage da kuma gano wasu allurai na basira a cikin ɗimbin ƙiyayya, mun yi bayani game da wannan haɗin gwiwa na duniya a cikin wata sanarwa cewa. mun yi imani ka'idar asalin halittarmu ta SARS-CoV-2 har yanzu tana nan.
Wata rana a kimiyya.
A matsayina na wanda ya yi karatu kuma ya yi hasashen zazzagewar pre-COVID, tafiya ta kimiyya ta sa na yi imani Wataƙila SARS-CoV-2 ya samo asali ne a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma mafi mahimmancin yanki na shaidar da ke tattare da sauran shaidun da ke nuna asalin lab shine baiwar DEFUSE.. Idan kuna yin hasashen yanayin yanayin halitta da yanayin yanayin cutar ta SARS CoV ta amfani da hanyoyin pre-COVID, Na kiyasta kusan 1 cikin 56 biliyan dama na SARS-CoV da ke fitowa a cikin Wuhan tare da irin wannan ingantaccen wurin kawar da furin na mutum & nau'in taswirar ƙuntatawa na II mai kama da kamanni mai saurin kamuwa da cuta.
Idan kuna yin hasashen yanayin yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayin lab daga wani wanda ke gudanar da aikin a cikin kyautar DEFUSE, kwayar cutar za ta bulla a Wuhan kuma ta yi kama da SARS-CoV-2 a duk waɗannan hanyoyin da SARS-CoV-2 ba ta da kyau a tsakanin coronaviruses na halitta. Nauyin wannan shaidar yana da yawa. Na kasance a kusa da toshe kuma na ga jayayya da yawa a cikin kwanakina a cikin kimiyya, na ga batutuwa masu yawa da ba a warware ba, duk da haka ban taba ganin irin wannan shaida mai karfi ba don haka cavalierly watsi kamar yadda zoonotic asalin masu goyon bayan suna yin lokacin da suka ce "duk shaidun" suna nuna asalin zoonotic kuma "babu shaida" ya wanzu don asalin lab.
Bai kamata a amince da kimiyya gaba daya ba, amma muna bukatar mu himmatu wajen amincewa da kimiyya kamar yadda ake zargi yayin da kimiyyar lamarin ta shafi yiwuwar masana kimiyya, masu ba da kudade na kimiyyar kiwon lafiya, da manajojin da ke kula da kimiyya a dakunan gwaje-gwaje a Wuhan, sun taka rawa wajen kashe mutane miliyan 18. Irin wannan binciken ya cika tare da rikice-rikice na sha'awa da haɗari na mutunci, kamar yadda kafin hadarin da kimiyya ya haifar za a sami yawancin masana kimiyya waɗanda suka taka rawa wajen ƙarfafawa, gudanarwa, kudade, da / ko kula da binciken da ya haifar da lahani.
Duk da haka, duk da ɗimbin hujjojin da ke yin ƙwararren masanin kimiyya kamar ni na yi imani SARS-CoV-2 ba ta zube ba, masu ba da izinin asalin zoonotic suna ci gaba da amfani da damar kafofin watsa labarun su don watsa takaddun su ba tare da ba da ɗan lokaci ko yin la'akari da ƙin yarda da takaddun su ba. Maimakon su yi hulɗa da jama'a, suna toshe duk wani masanin kimiyya, balle ma'aikacin jama'a, wanda ya saba da su. Suna da'awar su, su kadai, su ne Kwararrun, kuma idan wani ya tayar da ƙin yarda sai su yi magana da ƙarfi ga ƙarin kafofin watsa labarai da ƙarin mabiya. Suna ba da cikakken bayyani ga shaidar al'amarin a cikin kantuna kamar yadda ake karantawa a ko'ina Washington Post da kuma LA Times, ɓata haɗin kai tsakanin kimiyya da al'umma, ba da izini ga kimiyyar biyu a matsayin tsari na gama gari tare da ra'ayoyi masu yawa, da kuma maimaita kuskure ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba game da gaskiyar lamarin yayin gudanar da bincike na majalisa. Marubutan sun yi iƙirarin cewa suna taƙaita “dukkan shaidun,” amma duk da haka babu inda suka tattauna ƙayyadaddun iyakokin aikinsu, da ƙin yarda na wasu masana kimiyyar da suka toshe, ko kuma yawancin shaidun da ke nuna asalin lab.
Babu inda a cikin "dukkanin shaidun" da suka ambaci DEFUSE ko yawancin fasalulluka na SARS-CoV-2 da suka yi daidai da DEFUSE.
Amma duk da haka, suna son jama'a su amince da su, su bi iliminsu.
A gare ni, wa] annan masana kimiyya suna yada ayyukansu na kuskure da gangan (ko gafala? wanne ya fi muni?) ɓata son rai ko kuma ɓarnatar da shaidar asalin lab na ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin da'a na bincike a tarihin ɗan adam wanda na sani, na biyu kawai don ƙirƙirar kwayar cutar kanta. Akwai laifin, kuma akwai rufa-rufa da ke sanya masana kimiyyar kafofin watsa labaru waɗanda ke ba da labarin gaskiyar lamarin a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da masu binciken da suka gudanar da aikin kan CoVs a Wuhan kuma sun ƙi raba littattafansu na bayanin kula ko bayanan bayanai. Waɗannan masana kimiyyar suna tabbatar da kansu a matsayin hukuma yayin da suke yin watsi da sahihin ƙiyayya ga aikinsu ba tare da la'akari da wanda ya rene su ba. A tsakiyar binciken majalisa game da asalin SARS-CoV-2, waɗannan masana kimiyya suna rubuta op-eds waɗanda ke yaudarar jama'a da manajoji kan yiwuwar binciken da ke da alaƙa da mutuwar sama da miliyan 18 a duk duniya, ta yin amfani da ƙwarewarsu don toshe gaskiya mai tarihi da hana binciken da muke buƙatar sanya duniyarmu ta tsira daga bincike mai haɗari.
Tafiya ta kimiyya na nazarin asalin SARS-CoV-2 ta sa na yi imani cewa ƙananan masana kimiyya, a zahiri, ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar SARS-CoV-2 a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Su, masu ba da kuɗaɗensu, da masana kimiyya da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da su da masu ba da kuɗi, da kuma masana kimiyya da yawa waɗanda suka jajirce wajen yin wannan bincike mai haɗari duk sun dogara da matsayinsu na ƙwararru don ɓarna gaskiyar lamarin. Masu binciken da ke nazarin CoVs a Wuhan sun ƙi raba binciken su. Peter Dazsak ya ƙi raba tallafin nasa na DEFUSE ko kuma yarda da rikice-rikice na yin aiki a kan CoVs tare da labs a Wuhan lokacin rubuta wasiƙu zuwa ga Lancet suna kiran ka'idodin asali na Lab "ka'idodin makirci," Masu ba da kuɗi a NIH, NIAID, da Wellcome Trust sun sa, gyara, da tura wata takarda da ke da'awar ba tare da tushe ba tare da yare mai ƙarfin gwiwa cewa ka'idodin asalin lab ɗin "mai yiwuwa ne" ko "marasa yiwuwa."
Kwanan nan kamar jiya, kuma yayin binciken mu na majalissar da muke matukar bukata game da asalin SARS-CoV-2, wannan ƙungiyar masana kimiyya har yanzu tana gudanar da kamfen na kafofin watsa labarai suna iƙirarin "dukkan hujjoji" suna nuna asalin halitta ba tare da ambaton DEFUSE ba. Dangantaka tsakanin kimiyya da al'umma mai laushi ce, kuma ita ce har yanzu muna ganowa, amma a fili akwai wani abu ba daidai ba game da wannan hoton. Ya wuce rashin kwarewa da rashin da'a ga masana kimiyya su gudanar da kamfen na kafofin watsa labarai wadanda ke ba da shaidar shaidar al'amarin yayin binciken Majalisar game da yiwuwar cewa masana kimiyyar da suke da alaka da su sun haifar da kwayar cutar da ta kashe mutane sau uku fiye da Holocaust. Maganar cewa su ƙwararru ne da za a bi su yana ɓad da ilimin kimiyya da shawarwarinsa (ba jagoranci ba) na al'umma, kuma ƙoƙarin da suke yi na kawo cikas ga binciken ƙungiyar su ya kamata a yi la'akari da kamfanonin mai da ke lalata ilimin kimiyya game da sauyin yanayi, ko kuma kamfanonin taba suna lalata ilimin kimiyya game da ciwon daji na huhu. Masana kimiyya waɗanda suka yi watsi da sunansu ga bincike mai haɗari wanda wataƙila ya haifar da mutuwar miliyoyin mutane a yau suna lalata kimiyya da kanta.
Bai kamata a amince da kimiyya ba. Na faɗi wannan a matsayin masanin kimiyya. Kimiyya ko da yaushe ya kasance aikin tawaye ne, yaƙi da labaran da suka kasance. Richard Feynman ya kwatanta kimiyya a matsayin "imani da jahilcin masana." Kimiyya ba game da amsoshi ba ne, a kowane daya, yana game da tambayar amsoshin da ƙoƙarin karyata ka'idar du jour, amma game da tsayin daka na tsarin zamantakewa wanda muke raba shaida da kimanta ra'ayoyin gasa. A lokacin rikici, kimiyya ba za a bi ba - dole ne a bincika, tattauna, tambaya kuma, ga manajoji, haɗe tare da ɗimbin wasu dalilai kamar bambancin ɗan adam a cikin imani na mutane, iyawa, da nufin yin aiki.
Yayin da muke koyo game da kimiyya a makaranta a matsayin ƙaƙƙarfan bayanai na gaskiya, gaskiyar ita ce kimiyya yanki ne na yaƙi na zamani tare da ƙa'idodin ƙasa, kuma muna ci gaba da sabunta waɗannan ƙa'idodin tushe yayin da muke tafiya. Dole ne a sake duba ƙa'idodin ƙasa bisa la'akari da yuwuwar asalin lab na SARS-CoV-2 da kuma ayyukan masana kimiyya da yawa waɗanda ke ba da shaidar shaidar al'amarin yayin binciken WHO da na Majalisa na wani bala'i mai alaƙa da kimiyya.
Akwai yuwuwar cewa masana kimiyya a cikinmu, wadanda suka yi yaki tare da mu a cikin wannan yanki na tarihi, a cikin gaggawa don samun kudade da shahara, sun haifar da kwayar cutar da ta fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje a Wuhan kuma ta yi sanadin mutuwar sama da mutane miliyan 18, sama da miliyan 60 na fuskantar matsananciyar yunwa, sama da yara miliyan 100 da aka jefa cikin talauci da bala'in bala'i. 'ya'yanmu, jikokinmu, da kowane tsararraki muddin kimiyyar zamani za ta iya hangowa.
Girman yanayin ya kamata ya sa dukan zukatanmu su nutse. Ya kamata ya kai mu ga samun lokacin shiru kowace rana. Madadin haka, muna ganin masana kimiyya suna da'awar "dukkan shaida" yana nuna asalin halitta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. Tabbas, duk shaidun zasu iya faɗi duk wani abu da kuke so da zarar kun bar duk shaidun da ke nuna akasin haka. Ina damuwa da waɗannan rikice-rikice na sha'awa, nuna son kai na shaida, da kuma rashin daidaituwa na ikon watsa labaru na iya lalata tsarin zamantakewa na kimiyya.
Muna rayuwa cikin wani rikici da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. A cikin tarihi, kimiyya ta yi yaƙi a kan fassarori kuma sannu a hankali dogon ilimin kimiyya ya karkata zuwa ga Gaskiya, amma babu ɗayan waɗannan sauye-sauyen da suka shafi kimiyya da kanta, aƙalla ga yuwuwar manyan masana kimiyya tare da kafofin watsa labarai da ba a taɓa ganin irinsu ba sun taka rawa a cikin wani mummunan hali da ba a taɓa gani ba. Idan aka kwatanta da abin da kimiyya ke iyawa, SARS-CoV-2 ƙaramin akwatin kayan adon na Pandora ne a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Amazon na manyan dama, kuma wasu masana kimiyya suna yin amfani da ikonsu da matsayinsu na ƙwararru don hana binciken da zai iya zaburar da manufofin da ke hana masana kimiyya buɗe wasu, manyan akwatuna a cikin Pandora's Warehouse na fasahar zamani na zamani.
Don Allah, kar a “amince” kimiyya kuma kar ku amince da masana kimiyya a makance, aƙalla duk waɗanda ke nuna salon ɓarna duk gaskiyar lamarin akan asalin SARS-CoV-2 (gaskiya, * gaba ɗaya * gaskiya). Ƙaunar kimiyya da masana kimiyya, har ma da waɗanda ba mu yarda da su ba a cikin gwagwarmaya mai daraja, amma ba su amince da mu ba.
Ka kasance da hankali cewa ko da masana kimiyya kamar ni za su iya kuma za su yi kuskure. A matsayina na wani memba na jama'a a matsayin "masanin kimiyya" Na yi alƙawarin sauraron ra'ayoyi masu kyau ko da daga ina suka fito kuma in yi iya ƙoƙarina don sabunta tunanina bisa ga sababbin shaidu. Zan gyara kurakuraina kuma in san duk wanda ya taimake ni ganin haske. Shiga, tambaya, tattauna, da gwada kimiyya. Don Allah kar a tsaya nan. Don son zuriya masu zuwa, don Allah ku sarrafa kimiyya, saboda mun kasa sarrafa namu. Ta hanyar dimokaradiyya ma'anar shakku na kimiyya kawai da kuma maraba da kowa zuwa wannan fagen fama tare da ƙa'idodi na ƙasa za mu iya koyan kurakuran COVID-19 tare da karkatar da dogon ilimin kimiyya gaba ɗaya zuwa ga Gaskiya.
Don Allah, mu inganta mu'amala tsakanin kimiyya da al'umma don amfanin duka biyun.
An sake bugawa daga marubucin Mayarwa
-
Alex Washburne masanin ilimin lissafi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma babban masanin kimiyya a Selva Analytics. Ya karanta gasar a cikin binciken muhalli, annoba, da tsarin tattalin arziki, tare da bincike kan cututtukan cututtukan fata, tasirin tattalin arziki na manufofin cutar, da martanin kasuwar hannun jari ga labarai na annoba.
Duba dukkan posts
