Wannan labarin ya ba da labarin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi tayar da hankali na da'a na kimiyya da muka ci karo da su a cikin ayyukanmu na ilimi-wanda aka binne a cikin tsarin nazarin ɗan adam na ɗaya daga cikin manyan mujallu na rigakafi na duniya, a tsakiyar rikicin lafiyar duniya.
Labarinmu ya fara, kamar yadda abubuwa da yawa a kimiyya ke yi, tare da tambaya. Wani bincike mai tsokana da aka buga a maganin- wata jarida mai tasiri sosai ta likitanci - ta tambayi: "Shin masu hankali sun fi yin allurar rigakafi?"Binciken, wanda Zur da abokan aiki suka gudanar (2023), ya yi nazarin sojoji a cikin Sojojin Isra'ila (IDF) yayin bala'in Covid-19 kuma ya kammala da cewa"mafi girman hankali shine mafi ƙarfin tsinkaya don riko da rigakafin. "1
Mun karanta binciken tare da girma rashin jin daɗi. Tsalle na ra'ayi ya kasance mai ban sha'awa, zaɓin hanyoyin da ake tambaya, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'a suna da matukar damuwa-musamman da aka ba da mahallin. Waɗannan ba farar hula ba ne da suke yanke shawara na likita a cikin lokaci na yau da kullun. Waɗannan ƴan sanda ne matasa waɗanda ke aiki a cikin tsauraran matakan soja, waɗanda aka fuskanci matsananciyar matsin lamba na zamantakewa da na hukumomi don yin allurar rigakafi a lokacin tarihi lokacin da tsauraran manufofin fasfo na Covid-19 ke aiki (watau 'koren izinin Isra'ila').
Mun tsara taƙaitaccen Wasika zuwa ga Edita— kalmomi 500 kawai, daidai da ƙa'idodin ƙaddamar da mujallar. A cikin wannan wasiƙar, mun tayar da damuwar kimiyya da tutocin jajayen ɗabi'a, muna tambayar ko abin da marubutan suka yi wa lakabi da "riƙewa" za a iya ɗauka da gaske na son rai a ƙarƙashin yanayin. Mun kuma yi jayayya cewa idan marubuta sun nemi da gaske don auna likita riko- maimakon cibiyoyi yarda— yakamata su mayar da hankali kan kashi na hudu na rigakafin.
Har zuwa lokacin da aka ba da shi, kashi na huɗu ba a ba da izini ba, kodayake kwararrun likitoci sun ba da shawarar. Abin sha'awa, bisa ga bayanan kansa na binciken, kawai kusan 0.5% na mahalarta sun zaɓi ɗaukar wannan kashi - yana lalata da'awar tsakiyar marubutan. Mun kammala wasiƙarmu da faɗaɗa faɗakarwa na ɗabi'a: da'awar da ba ta da tushe wacce ke danganta shakkuwar allurar zuwa ƙaramin haɗarin hankali da ke haifar da lokuta masu duhu a cikin tarihi-lokacin da aka yiwa ƙungiyoyin wariyar launin fata fatalwa da ba'a a ƙarƙashin tutar "kimiyya."
Muna da tabbacin cewa sukar mu ta kasance mai inganci a kimiyance kuma ta dace da ɗabi'a, mun ƙaddamar da wasiƙar a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2023. Takaitacciyar hanya ce, mutuntawa, kuma an tsara ta a hankali don cika ƙa'idodin mujallar - gami da ƙayyadaddun kalmomi da iyakoki. Mun yi imani muna shigar da kyakkyawar musanya kimiyya. Ba mu da masaniyar abin da ke shirin faruwa.
Dokar I: Wani Abu Ya Rasa
Abin da ya biyo baya shi ne shiru wanda ya kara rashin tsoro. Kwanaki sun juya zuwa makonni, kuma makonni zuwa watanni, ba tare da wani amsa mai mahimmanci daga mujallar ba. Lokaci-lokaci, mun sami sanarwa ta atomatik cewa an kammala "bitocin da ake buƙata" - kowane lokaci yana nuna cewa yanke shawara ya kusa. Amma duk da haka martanin da ake tsammani bai zo ba, yana barin biyayyarmu a cikin yanayi na har abada. Matsayinsa ya canza sau da yawa a cikin watanni shida, kawai ya dawo akai-akai zuwa "a karkashin bita." Wani abu ya tashi.
A ƙarshe, a cikin Maris 2024, mun sami shawara. Editan ya lura cewa "Alkalin wasa ya tada maki da dama"Kuma"idan za a iya sake bitar takarda sosai don yin la'akari da waɗannan maganganun," shi "zai yi farin cikin sake duba shi don bugawa. "
Abin da ya yi fice a gare mu nan da nan shi ne adadin alkalan wasa da aka ba mu gajeriyar rubutun mu. Dangane da yadda aka lakafta sharhin, ya bayyana cewa alkalan wasa biyar sun sake duba wasiƙarmu mai kalmomi 500—lamba mai girma da ba a saba gani ba don ɗan gajeren sadarwa irin wannan. Amma duk da haka saiti uku kacal aka haɗa. Sharhi daga Masu bita 1 da 2 sun ɓace gaba ɗaya. Mai bita 3 ya ba da ƙima mai inganci kuma Masu bita 4 da 5 sun kasance masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka, sharhin nasu gaba ɗaya iri ɗaya ne, kalma da kalma, kamar an kwafa.
Ƙarin damuwa har yanzu, sake dubawa iri ɗaya sun bayyana sun ƙunshi ilimin ciki. Dangane da damuwarmu game da bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarin bayanan binciken, masu bitar sun rubuta cewa "fahimci [cewa] an ƙaddamar da sigar da aka gyara ga edita.” Wannan abu ne mai cike da daure kai kafin mu gabatar da sukar mu, mun tuntubi Zur da abokan aikinmu-marubuta binciken da ake magana akai-don neman karin haske ko gyara game da gabatar da bayanan da ba daidai ba, kuma ba a buga wani sabuntawa a gidan yanar gizon mu ba, ga saninmu, ta yaya aka yi bita ga masu zaman kansu?
A wannan lokacin, mun yarda, tunaninmu ya fara tashi. Duk da haka, mun ɗauki bangaskiya mai kyau kuma muka ci gaba da bita. Wasiƙarmu da aka yi wa kwaskwarima ta kasance tare da babban, cikakkiyar amsa ga masu bita da edita. A haƙiƙa, martaninmu ya zarce ainihin ƙaddamarwa a tsayi. Mun magance kowane muhimmin batu da aka taso, mun gyara wasu ɓangarorin gardama na mu (ciki har da shari'o'in da masu bitar suka sanya kalmomi a bakunanmu), kuma mun sake tabbatar da ainihin damuwarmu game da tsararrun binciken na asali, hanyoyin, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'a.
Mun yi imani cewa mun tsunduma cikin halalcin maganganun kimiyya.
Ba mu da masaniya ta yaya za a gwada wannan imani.
Dokar II: Masu Bita Bayan Labule
Sauran watanni bakwai sun shude. Jarida tayi shiru.
Sannan, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2024, a ƙarshe mun sami wasiƙar yanke shawara daga babban Editan. maganin. "Dear Dr. Yaakov Ophir," ya fara, "Yanzu an tantance takardar da aka ambata a sama daga ƙwararrun al'amuran da ke aiki a matsayin masu bitar takwarorinsu don rigakafin. Bayan nazari a hankali, na yi nadama don sanar da ku shawarar kin amincewa da rubutun ku ba tare da tayin bita ba. An haɗa sharhin masu dubawa (da na editan, idan an nuna) a ƙasa. "
Sharhi masu bitar da suka biyo baya sun kasance a takaice kuma a bayyane: “Mai bita 4: Ƙananan gyare-gyaren da aka yi ga jimla a cikin rubutun ba su dace da cikakkun bita da ake bukata don bugawa ba. Saboda haka, ina ba da shawara a kan buga wannan rubutun" (karfin hali).
Babu bayani. Ba a ambaci sake dubawa masu goyan baya ba. Babu taƙaitaccen edita. Kawai shiru, korar da ba a bayyana ba, da alama ta dogara ne kawai akan shawarar 'maƙasudi' na Mai bita 4.
Mun damu matuka. Mun aika wa Babban Editan Imel, cikin girmamawa muna neman cikakken bayani daga duk masu bita biyar. Bai amsa ba. Don haka sai muka juya zuwa ga mawallafi — Cibiyar Tallafawa ta Elsevier—kuma wakili mai kirki ya ba mu cikakken fayil ɗin bita da sauri. Muna fata da gaske ba a hukunta ta ba saboda yin haka, domin kowane sabon bayani da muka gano a cikin abin ya fi na ƙarshe.
Abin da muka samu daga Elsevier ya haɗa da, a karo na farko, bacewar sake dubawa daga Mai bita 1 da Mai bita 2. Dukansu sun kasance masu goyon baya sosai. Wani ma ya bayyana cewa sukar mu shine "mai inganci kuma mai mahimmanci” wanda ya bada garantin sake tantance matsayin ainihin buguwar labarin.
Sai wahayi ya zo. An binne a cikin fayil ɗin bita an yi sharhin masu lakabin "Don Edita Kawai." A cikin wannan sashe, Masu bita 4 da 5-waɗanda suka ƙaddamar da ra'ayi iri ɗaya, mara kyau-sun bayyana kansu a fili: “Meital Zur da Limor Friedensohn ne suka rubuta wannan bita, a matsayin masu binciken aikin da aka ambata."
An ba wa waɗanda suka rubuta ainihin binciken—waɗanda muka yi zargi—su yi bitar wasiƙarmu ba tare da suna ba. Sun kimanta sukar aikin nasu kuma sun ba da shawarar a ƙi shi. A cikin maganganun jama'a, har ma sun ambaci kansu a cikin mutum na uku, kamar dai masu bita ne na tsaka tsaki. A wani lokaci sun rubuta cewa "fahimci [cewa] an ƙaddamar da sigar da aka gyara ga edita”—kamar ba su ne suka sallama da kansu ba.
Wannan ba zai iya zama sauƙin kulawar edita ba. Mafi muni kuma, an ɓoye daga gare mu—ya bayyana ne kawai bayan mun bukaci cikakken bayyana gaskiya kuma muka karɓe ta ta hanyar tasha ta sakandare. Wannan halin ba kawai abin tambaya ba ne - cin zarafin ka'idodin Elsevier ne kai tsaye.2
A cewar takardar shaidar Elsevier a hukumance kan buƙatun gasa, “Dole ne masu bitar su kuma su bayyana duk wani buri mai gasa da zai iya ɓata ra'ayinsu na rubutun."2 Har ila yau yana cewa "muradin gasa na iya wanzuwa a sakamakon alaƙar mutum, gasar ilimi, da sha'awar tunani”—daidai irin rigimar da aka yi a nan.
Ko da ma fi daukar hankali shine tambayar jagorar takardar don tantance mutunci: “ko dangantakar, idan daga baya bayyana, zai sa mai karatu mai hankali ya ji an yaudare shi ko kuma a yaudare shi.” A cikin yanayinmu, amsar ba ta da tabbas.
Bisa la’akari da wadannan zarge-zargen cin mutuncin da’a, mun tuntubi babban editan maganin sake. Mun nemi amsa a hukumance kuma mun nemi a sake duba wasiƙarmu don buga ko, aƙalla, a yarda da rikicin da ke tsakanin mu. A wannan karon, ba sai mun jira ba. A ranar ne muka sanar da jaridar rashin da’a da muka bankado, muka samu amsa—ba daga babban editan ba, amma daga bakin babban editan. maganinEditan Kimiyya, Dokta Dior Beerens.
Imel ɗin ya karanta: "Binciken ciki da bincike ta maganin kwamitin wannan rubutun da aka samu wasiku su ma sun ba da gudummawa ga wannan shawarar ta ƙarshe, ban da tsarin bita na masu bitar waje. Saboda haka, yanke shawara kan wannan wasiƙar ita ce ta ƙarshe.” Ba a yi karin bayani ba, ba a ba da lissafi ba, ba gyara ba, kuma babu gaskiya.
Dokar III: Karya Shiru
Labarinmu, yanzu mun gane, bai kasance game da harafi ɗaya kawai ba. Ya kasance game da amincin tsarin kimiyya. A lokacin karuwar rashin yarda da jama'a, mun yi imanin dole ne kimiyya ta rike kanta zuwa mafi girman ma'auni na gaskiya, gaskiya, da rikon amana. Bitar takwarorinsu na nufin kiyaye waɗancan ƙa'idodin - don tabbatar da cewa an gamu da zargi tare da buɗe ido, kuma an gwada da'awar kimiyya, ba kariya ba.
Abin da ya faru a nan ya keta wannan duka. Su kansu marubutan da muka soki aikinsu an ba su ikon da ba a san su ba game da ƙaddamar da mu. Sun yi amfani da wannan ikon don murkushe sukanmu—ba tare da bayyana ko su wane ne ba. Editan ya yarda da shi. Jaridar ta tsaya da ita. Kuma duk an kiyaye shi daga gare mu, har sai da muka tilasta aikin budewa.
Mun zabi buga labarin mu ba don kai hari ga daidaikun mutane ba, amma don tayar da hankali. Idan wannan na iya faruwa a ɗaya daga cikin manyan mujallun likitanci na duniya - akan wani batu mai mahimmanci kuma aka yi takara azaman rigakafin Covid-19 - yana iya faruwa a ko'ina.
Muna roƙon al'ummar kimiyya, editocin mujallu, da masu wallafa su tambayi kansu: Wane irin kimiyya muke so mu tsaya a kai? Wanda ke ɓoye a bayan shiru-ko wanda ke gayyatar bincike?
Cikakkun asusun mu, mataki-mataki, tare da ƙaddamar da mu na asali zuwa maganin, yana samuwa azaman a preprint nan.3
Shiru yayi yana magana. Mun yanke shawarar mayar da martani.
References
1. Zur M, Shelef L, Glassberg E, Fink N, Matok I, Friedensohn L. Shin mutane masu hankali sun fi iya yin allurar rigakafi? Haɗin kai tsakanin riko da rigakafin COVID-19 da bayanan fahimi. Alurar riga kafi. 2023;41(40):5848–5853. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.019.
2. Elsevier. GASKIYA: Sha'awar Gasa. https://assets.ctfassets.net/o78em1y1w4i4/5XCIR5PjsKLJMAh0ISkIzb/16f6a246e767446b75543d8d8671048c/Competing-Interests-factsheet-March-2019.pdf. An isa ga Afrilu 9, 2025.
3. Ophir Y, Shir-Raz Y. Shin Mutane Masu Hankali Suna Yiwuwa Su Yi Alurar? A Critique na Zur et al. (2023) da Tsarin Bita Mai Rikici wanda ya danne shi. https://osf.io/f394k_v1. An shiga Afrilu 9, 2025.
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