Cutar kwalara ta haifar da wasu mafi munin rubuce-rubucen kimiyya a rayuwarmu. Manyan kafafen yada labarai sun gaza wajen baiwa masu karatu ingantattun labarai da daidaito a cikin batutuwa da dama, wadanda suka hada da alluran rigakafi, abin rufe fuska, kulle-kulle da kuma yadda watakila kwayar cutar ta fara yaduwa ta cikin yawan bil'adama.
Yana da mahimmanci a kira labaran da muka karanta a cikin shekaru huɗun da suka gabata "rubutun kimiyya" ba "ba da rahoto" ba saboda ƙananan kafofin watsa labaru na kimiyya suna yin kowane rahoto na gaske. Abin da marubutan kimiyya ke yi wa lakabi da “bayyani” shi ne kawai kiran ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da aka sani sannan kuma a faɗi su a matsayin sanannun masana.
Kamar yadda na lura a baya: Marubutan kimiyya sun ruwaito domin, ba on kimiyya.
Da aka waiwayi baya a cikin shekaru hudun da suka gabata na rubuce-rubucen kimiyya, na ci karo da labarin farkon ta Kimiyya Kimiyya marubuci Jon Cohen wanda ya kwatanta wannan batu da kyau. A ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2020, Cohen ya rubuta a story yana zargin cewa "mafi yawan masu bincike sun ce" kwayar cutar ba za ta iya fitowa daga dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, ra'ayin Cohen ya kara da cewa, an kore shi a matsayin "ka'idar makirci."
Duk da haka, "mafi yawan masu bincike sun ce" ikirari na Cohen ya kasance abin kunya. Ta yaya muka san wannan?
Muna da imel.
"[S] wasu daga cikin fasalulluka (mai yiwuwa) sun yi kama da injiniyanci," wani masanin ilimin halittu ya rubuta a cikin imel mai zaman kansa, ranar da Cohen ya nakalto shi a cikin "mafi yawan masu bincike sun ce" labarin don Kimiyya Kimiyya.
A wannan rana bayan haka Kimiyya Kimiyya An buga labarin Cohen - wannan zai zama Fabrairu 1, 2020 - Anthony Fauci ya aika da imel ga jami'an NIH yana ba da cikakken bayani game da abin da "mafi yawan masu bincike ke faɗi" lokacin da suke magana da shi a kan kiran taron: sun yi takaicin cewa kwayar cutar ba ta dabi'a ba ce, wataƙila an shigar da maye gurbi a cikin jerin, kuma tsoronsu ya ƙaru saboda masana kimiyya a Wuhan suna gudanar da bincike mai haɗari kan ayyukan coronavirus.
Tun lokacin da Cohen ya rubuta wannan labarin na Janairu 2020, ya ninka sau biyu kawai tare da ƙarin zargin cewa kwayar cutar ba za ta iya tserewa daga dakin binciken Wuhan ba.
Kamar yadda Ashley Rindsberg ya ruwaito a Tablet, wani mai fallasa da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya ba da labarin Cohen cewa daya daga cikin mahimman takardu masu ilimin kimiyyar kwayar cutar da aka buga don zargin cutar ba za ta iya farawa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba a fili ya lalace kuma bai jera marubutan gaskiya ba (Cin amanar Jaridun Kimiyya). Maimakon yin wani abu da bayanin, Cohen ya kawar da mai fallasa kuma ya aika da zarge-zargen zuwa ga masana kimiyyar kwayar cutar: "Ga abin da wani mutum da ke da'awar cewa yana da ilimin ciki ke fada a bayanku..."
Bayan wannan labarin ya fito fili, asusu da yawa akan X sun fara magana akan Kimiyya Kimiyya mawallafin ma'aikaci a matsayin "Crooked Cohen" lakabin da a ƙarshe ya tilasta masa barin aikace-aikacen kafofin watsa labarun.
Cohen's ham-fisted, yunƙurin son zuciya a aikin jarida, duk da haka, ya kasance misali guda ɗaya na rubuce-rubucen kimiyyar cutar ta ɓarna. Don haka bari mu kalli wancan labarin farko da ya rubuta.
Imel: Bane na Marubutan Kimiyya
A cikin makonnin da aka fara bullar cutar, 'yan jarida sun yi birgima don fahimtar yadda kwayar cutar ta fara yaduwa a cikin mutane. Yawancin annobar cutar suna farawa ne lokacin da kwayar cutar da ke yawo a cikin dabbobi, ta dace da jikin mutum sannan kuma ta yada ta harba sauran mu. Amma da Washington Post a cikin Janairu 2020 cewa mutane sun yi ta ce-ce-ku-ce a shafukan sada zumunta ko cutar ta fara ne a dabi'ance ko a'a.
Dangane da imel, yanzu mun san cewa wasu masana kimiyya sun damu ko kwayar cutar ta fito daga dakin binciken Wuhan.
Amma a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2020, SCience Magazine's Jon Cohen yayi ƙoƙari ya harba irin wannan tunanin a cikin wata siffa mai ɓarna da ta yi watsi da ra'ayin masana kimiyya. (Haƙar ma'adinai na coronavirus don alamun asalin barkewar cutar: Ka'idoji sun yi yawa game da yadda kwayar cutar da ta mamaye China ta yi hanyarta daga jemagu (kusan tabbas) ga mutane.)
Ga sakin layi na biyu na labarin Cohen:
Trevor Bedford, kwararre a fannin nazarin halittu a Jami'ar Washington da Fred Hutchinson Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta ce "Daya daga cikin manyan saƙon da ake ɗauka [daga jerin ƙwayoyin cuta] shine cewa an sami gabatarwa guda ɗaya a cikin mutane sannan kuma mutum-da-mutum ya yadu. Matsayin Kasuwar Kasuwar Abinci ta Huanan a Wuhan, China, wajen yada 2019-nCoV ya kasance mai cike da rudani, kodayake irin wannan tsarin, hade da samfurin yanayin kasuwar don kasancewar kwayar cutar, yana fayyace cewa hakika yana da muhimmiyar rawa a farkon barkewar cutar. Jerin ƙwayoyin cuta, yawancin masu bincike sun ce, suma sun rushe ra'ayin da cutar ta fito daga cibiyar nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta a Wuhan.
A lura da zarge-zarge guda uku a cikin wannan sakin layi:
- Kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin jama'a sannan ta fara yaduwa.
- Kasuwar Abincin Teku na Huanan tana da mahimmanci.
- "Mafi yawan masu bincike sun ce" jerin ƙwayoyin cuta suna aiki don "kashe" ra'ayin cewa kwayar cutar ta fito daga dakin binciken Wuhan.
Cohen Har ila yau, nakalto masu bincike guda biyu: Kristian Andersen tare da Binciken Scripps, da Eddie Holmes tare da Jami'ar Sydney.
Sakin layi tare da Andersen yana aiki don ƙara aiwatar da ra'ayin cewa kwayar cutar ba ta fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, kuma ta yi tsalle daga dabbar daji (mai masaukin baki) cikin mutane.
"Har sai kun ci gaba da ware kwayar cutar daga cikin nau'in nau'i daya, yana da gaske, da wuya a gwada da tantance menene mai masaukin baki," in ji Kristian Andersen, masanin juyin halitta a Scripps Research.
Sakin da ke ambaton Eddie Holmes yana aiki iri ɗaya: yana ƙara tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa cutar ba injiniyoyi ba ce kuma ba ta fito daga dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, amma ta yi tsalle daga naman daji zuwa cikin mutane.
Edward Holmes, masanin juyin halitta a Jami'ar Sydney wanda ya hada kai da ƙungiyar farko don fitar da jerin 2019-nCoV a bainar jama'a. "Irin wannan adadin ingantattun gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna cewa dabbobi a kasuwa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bullar cutar."
Idan labarin bai riga ya bayyana ba, Cohen sai yayi jawabi "Ka'idodin makirci" game da cutar ta fara daga binciken lab.
Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, wacce ita ce dakin gwaje-gwaje na farko a kasar Sin da ke nazarin jemagu da cutar sankarau, shi ma ya fuskanci wuta. "Masana sun karyata ka'idar da ke danganta coronavirus ta China da binciken makamai," karanta kanun labarai kan wani labari a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya mai da hankali kan ginin.
To, ga abin ban dariya. Saƙonnin imel sun nuna cewa "rahoton" na Cohen gaba ɗaya ba daidai ba ne.
Kwana daya bayan Cohen ya buga "mafi yawan masu bincike sun ce" yanki don "kashe" "ka'idar makirci" cewa kwayar cutar za ta iya fitowa daga dakin gwaje-gwaje, Kristian Andersen - wanda aka nakalto a cikin labarin Cohen! - imel Anthony Fauci.
"[S] wasu daga cikin fasalulluka (mai yiwuwa) sun yi kama da injiniyanci," Andersen ya rubuta wa Fauci. "Eddie Bob, Mike, da ni kaina duk suna ganin kwayoyin halitta sun saba da tsammanin daga ka'idar juyin halitta.
Eddie, Bob, da Mike masu bincike ne Eddie Holmes (wanda Cohen ya nakalto a cikin labarinsa "mafi yawan masu bincike sun ce"), Bob Garry (masanin ilimin halittu a Tulane Medical School) da Michael Worobey (masanin juyin halitta a Jami'ar Arizona).
Amma duk da haka babu ɗayan abubuwan da Eddie, Bob, da Mike suka nuna cewa an ƙirƙira ƙwayar cutar ta Covid a cikin labarin "mafi yawan masu bincike sun faɗi" na Cohen. Ko da yake Cohen ya faɗi Kristian Andersen da Eddie Holmes a cikin yanki.
Oh, amma yana samun kyau.
Fauci ya amsa imel ɗin Andersen, "Na gode, Kristian. Yi magana ba da daɗewa ba kan kiran."
Bisa lafazin imel ɗin da Jeremey Farrar ya aika zuwa Fauci na Wellcome Trust, masu halartar kiran sun haɗa da Kristian Andersen, Eddie Holmes, da Bob Garry, da kuma masu zuwa:
- Christian Drosten, Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Virology a Asibitin Charité a Berlin
- Ron Fouchier, Mataimakin Shugaban sashen Erasmus MC na Viroscience
- Marion Koopmans, Masanin ilimin halittu na Dutch wanda shine Shugaban Sashen Ilimin Virosmus MC na Erasmus
- Patrick Valance, Babban Mashawarcin Kimiyya ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya
A takaice, masu halartar taron sun kasance tarin ƙwararru waɗanda kowane ɗan rahoto zai kira idan za su rubuta labarin "mafi yawan masu bincike sun faɗi" game da yadda cutar ta fara.
Lafiya, tsammani me?
Bayan wannan kiran ya ƙare, Fauci ya aika da saƙon imel da ke ba da cikakken bayani game da abin da ya koya "mafi yawan masu bincike sun faɗi," lura da cewa Daraktan NIH Francis Collins shi ma yana saurare. Ga Fauci:
Sun damu da gaskiyar cewa yayin kallon jerin keɓancewa da yawa na nCoV, akwai maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayar cuta wanda zai zama sabon sabon abu da ya samo asali a cikin jemagu kuma akwai tsammanin cewa an shigar da wannan maye gurbi da gangan. An kara zargin cewa masana kimiyya a jami'ar Wuhan an san sun yi ta yin gwaje-gwajen da za su iya amfani da su don tantance hanyoyin kwayoyin da ke da alaka da kwayoyin cutar jemage da suka dace da kamuwa da cutar mutum, kuma barkewar ta samo asali ne daga Wuhan.
A taƙaice, ga abin da “mafi yawan masu bincike ke faɗi” lokacin da ba Jon Cohen da editoci ke sarrafa tunaninsu ba. Kimiyya Kimiyya:
- Maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayar cuta ta Covid ba ta zama na halitta ba;
- An yi zargin cewa an shigar da maye gurbi a cikin kwayar cutar;
- Wadannan zato sun kara tsananta saboda masana kimiyya na Wuhan suna yin bincike mai hatsarin gaske kuma barkewar cutar ta fara a Wuhan.
Tabbas, kawai Jon Cohen ya san dalilin da ya sa "mafi yawan masu bincike suka ce" rahoton ya kasance abin kunya da kuma bata.
Na aika masa da saƙon imel yana tambayarsa ya yi bayani, kuma na dawo da martanin fushi wanda ya wuce kalmomi 800. Anan ga wani sashi mai mahimmanci: "Andersen da Fauci ba su raba wannan damuwar tare da ni a lokacin ba, kuma da suna da - kuma da ma suna da - da na nakalto suna faɗi sosai."
"Jon, da alama ka ji haushi," na amsa. "Idan Andersen da Fauci ba su gaya muku abin da suke tunani ba, me ya sa kuke fushi da ni? Shin kun tambaye su dalilin da ya sa suka yaudare ku? Ta yaya za ku bi da su ga masu karatu?"
Jon ya aika da imel cewa ina murguda kalmominsa.
Har wala yau, yawancin Amurkawa sun damu da cewa cutar ta fara ne saboda masana kimiyya suna yawo a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari kuma wani abu ya tafi haywire. Kuma waɗannan zato sun kasance saboda masu ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta sun yi aiki don haskaka duk wanda ya ɗaga wannan a matsayin yuwuwar—kamfen na farfagandar da abokansu suka taimaka a rubuce-rubucen kimiyya.
An sake bugawa daga marubucin Mayarwa
-
Paul D. Thacker mai ba da rahoto ne mai bincike; Tsohon mai bincike na Majalisar Dattijan Amurka; Tsohuwar Cibiyar Da'a ta Safra, Jami'ar Harvard
Duba dukkan posts
