A cikin wani muhimmin hukunci da aka yanke a kotun tarayya, bayan an rataye alkalan kotun a zaman farko, alkali na biyu ya samu goyon bayan korar ma’aikatan BART da suka kai karar ma’aikatansu bayan da aka dakatar da shigar da allurar riga-kafi sun ba da umarnin a kebe addini. Ko wanne daga cikin masu shigar da kara shida a cikin shari'ar an ba shi fiye da dala miliyan daya ta hanyar alkali.
A cikin shekara ta biyu na cutar ta Covid-19, gwamnatoci da masu daukan ma'aikata duka masu zaman kansu da na jama'a a duk fadin kasar sun kafa wa'adin rigakafin da ke bukatar ma'aikata su kammala "cikakken allurar rigakafi," yawanci allurai biyu na rigakafin mRNA, ta hanyar sanya ranaku a cikin fall 2021. An ba da umarnin allurar makamancin haka ga jami'an soja da daliban koleji da jami'a.
Gabaɗaya, waɗannan umarni sun ba da izinin waɗanda aka ba da izini na iya shigar da keɓancewa bisa ga ƙin yarda na addini na gaskiya ko larura ta likita, kuma idan an ba da waɗannan keɓancewar, ana buƙatar masu ɗaukar ma'aikata su nemi, cikin aminci, matsayi na masauki inda ma'aikatan da aka keɓe za su iya yin aiki amma zai haifar da ƙarancin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ga sauran ma'aikata, marasa lafiya, abokan ciniki, ɗalibai, ɗalibai da dai sauransu. (EEOC) dokokin.
Dangane da ka'idodin EEOC, kamar yadda aka fassara bayan Groff v. DeJoy Shari'ar Kotun Koli wacce aka yanke hukunci a watan Yuni 2023, an bukaci masu daukar ma'aikata su tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan da ba su cika ka'idojin rigakafin ba zai haifar da "wahala mara kyau" domin mai aiki ya dakatar da ma'aikaci. Dokokin EEOC sun ƙididdige haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, kamar abin da ke faruwa yayin bala'in Covid-19, ya ƙunshi ingantacciyar wahalar wahala, amma abin da ake tambaya shi ne ko irin waɗannan haɗarin sun ƙunshi wahala "marasa kyau" kamar yadda aka fada a ciki. Groff v. DeJoy.
A cikin sauti da kuma nazari na hankali, da dokokin EEOC (sashe L.3) ƙoƙarin ƙididdige matakin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta:
"Mai aiki zai buƙaci kimanta wahala mara kyau ta hanyar la'akari da takamaiman abubuwan kowane yanayi kuma yana buƙatar nuna adadin kuɗi ko rushewar masaukin ma'aikacin zai ƙunsa. Ma'aikaci ba zai iya dogaro da hasashe ko wahala ba idan ya fuskanci ƙin yarda na addini na ma'aikaci amma, a maimakon haka, yakamata ya dogara da ainihin bayanan. masauki ga buƙatun rigakafin COVID-19 yana aiki a waje ko a cikin gida, yana aiki a wurin aiki kaɗai ko ƙungiya, ko yana da kusanci da sauran ma'aikata ko membobin jama'a (musamman ma masu rauni na likita).
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna ba da tsari don kimanta girman haɗarin watsa kamuwa da cuta da ma'aikata ke haifarwa, waɗanda aka yi wa allurar rigakafi da waɗanda ba a yi musu ba, a wurin aiki. Abin mamaki anan shine EEOC yayi amfani da ma'aunin "yi," ba ma'aunin "can" ba. "Shin" yana da hankali; "iya" tsoro ne.
A cikin shari'o'in shari'a a wurin ba da shaida ko shaida, ana yawan yi wa masana kimiyya da likitoci tambayoyi kamar su "Likita, shin maganin X zai iya haifar da mummunan taron Y?" Kwararrun likitanci da kimiyya suna rayuwa ne a cikin duniyar tunani na ilimin kimiyya, kuma ba shakka, za a iya samun wasu yanayi mai yuwuwa inda miyagun ƙwayoyi X zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako Y. An koyar da mu a makarantar likitanci, “Kada ka ce kada.”
Tambayar ba ta yin tambaya da gaske ko, a ka'idar, miyagun ƙwayoyi X na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako Y, amma ko a nan duniyar duniyar, irin wannan sakamakon yana faruwa. Lauyan da ke adawa da shi yana ƙoƙarin samun sautin cizon ƙwararren cewa maganin na iya yin illa. Don haka yayin da tambayar kamar yadda aka yi tambaya "zai iya" (ko "zai iya") miyagun ƙwayoyi ya lalata, amsar daidai daga gwani ita ce, "A ka'idar, miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya yin haka, amma a aikace-aikace na ainihi, maganin ba ya yin haka." "Shin" yana ba da ƙididdige ƙididdiga na sau nawa abubuwa ke faruwa a zahiri, yayin da "zai iya" tambaya ce ta ka'idar tare da babban ƙarfin tsoro.
A cikin 2021, ba jama'a ba ne kawai aka yada farfagandar don wuce gona da iri na Covid-19, amma an sa kamfanoni da gwamnatoci su ji tsoro. Don haka, yawancin yanke shawara na kamfani sun dogara ne akan tsoro, akan abin da ake tsammani "mafi munin yanayi," waɗanda suka yi watsi da kewayon tasirin shawarar don neman fa'idodin da ake tsammani don rage haɗarin watsa kamuwa da cuta ta Covid.
Haɗa wannan matsalar, alluran rigakafin sun bayyana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar Covid a cikin rabin farko na 2021, ba da ma'aikata tabbataccen shaida don tallafawa tunaninsu game da umarnin rigakafin.
Koyaya, a lokacin da aka aiwatar da umarnin rigakafin a cikin faɗuwar 2021, ƙwayar Delta mai yaɗuwar kamuwa da cuta ta Covid-19 ta tsira da yawa daga rigakafin rigakafi (tuna da yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko?) Don haka shaidar rage haɗarin watsawar Covid-19 don "cikakken allurar rigakafi" da umarnin da aka buƙata ya kusan tafi - sai dai masanan kimiyyar da ke amfani da su a baya-bayanan shari'o'in da masu kare lafiyar BART sun kasance a baya. ikirarin. Wannan kuma ya keta dokokin EEOC waɗanda ke buƙatar amfani da sabuwar shaidar kimiyya.
Don haka a baya, kamar yadda na yi magana a cikin shaidata a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren annoba ga masu ƙara a cikin shari'ar BART, alkalan sun bayyana a ƙarshe sun kimanta yanayin daidai: ƙananan adadin ma'aikatan da aka keɓe na addini ba su haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ba idan aka kwatanta da manyan ma'aikatan BART ko kuma ma'aikacin BART mafi girma - ma'aikatan da kansu ba a ba da izinin horar da BART ba. A cikin sigar farko ta shari'ar, alkalan kotun sun kammala baki daya, ga kowane daya daga cikin masu shigar da kara shida, don amsa tambayar, "Shin BART ta tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya karbar mai karar ba tare da wahala ba?" sun rubuta, "A'a, BART ba ta tabbatar ba."
Wato, gaskiyar cewa irin waɗannan mutane "na iya" haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, bai haifar da haɗarin da ba za su iya "zai haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ba. Bisa ga ka'idodin da EEOC ya tsara, hankali ya yi nasara akan tsoro a wannan yanayin. Mutum yana fatan cewa wannan ƙa'idar doka ta sanar da yawancin shari'o'in makamantan da ke gaban, na ma'aikata, ɗalibai, da membobin sabis ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da rashin adalci saboda tsoro, ba shaida ba.
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Harvey Risch, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likita ne kuma Farfesa Emeritus na Epidemiology a Makarantar Yale na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Makarantar Magungunan Yale. Babban sha'awar bincikensa shine ilimin ilimin ciwon daji, rigakafi da ganewar asali, da kuma hanyoyin cututtukan cututtuka.
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