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Matsala Mai Girma
Duniyar lafiyar jama'a ta duniya tana cikin mawuyacin hali. Manufofi na yanzu, albarkatu, sana'o'in mutum, da ainihin amincin manyan ƙungiyoyi sun yi daidai da kwanan nan bayani daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) cewa:
Annoba da cututtuka masu yaduwa suna faruwa sau da yawa, kuma suna yaduwa cikin sauri fiye da kowane lokaci, a yankuna daban-daban na duniya.
Mayar da hankali ya kau daga cututtuka mafi girma, da kuma ƙarfafa tushen al'umma da ake buƙata don magance su, don hanawa, ganowa, da rage cututtuka waɗanda ba su da yawa da / ko masu ƙananan nauyi, ko ma. misali. Wato, sabon mayar da hankali kan barkewar cututtuka kwatsam ko, a ma'anarsu mai ban mamaki, 'cututtuka.'
Kalubale tare da wannan hanyar ita ce yin nazari sosai kan tushen shaidar da ke tattare da WHOajanda, da na abokan tarayya ciki har da Bankin duniya da kuma G20, yana nuna cewa bayanin da ke sama bai dace da bayanan da ke akwai ba. Mafi girman rumbun adana bayanai da wadannan hukumomi suka dogara da shi, da GARON database, a zahiri shows sosai a akasin haka yanayi. An nuna nauyin barkewar cutar, sabili da haka haɗari, yana raguwa. Ta hanyar ma'ana, mafi girma zuba jari a cikin tarihin lafiyar jama'a na kasa da kasa sun bayyana sun dogara ne akan rashin fahimta, rashin fahimta, da kuma kuskuren mahimman bayanai.
Auna Gaskiya da Dama
Manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a dole ne koyaushe su magance barazanar cikin mahallin. Kowane shiga tsakani ya ƙunshi ciniki ta fuskar kuɗi, zamantakewa, da haɗarin asibiti. Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniyar yana bayyana lafiya dangane da jin daɗin jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa, kuma tsoma baki a ɗayan waɗannan fagage na iya tasiri duka ukun. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a suyi la'akari da duk wani nau'i na farashi kai tsaye, farashin dama, da haɗari lokacin tsara manufofi. Shi ya sa dole ne al'ummomi da daidaikun mutane su sami isassun bayanai don yanke shawara a cikin al'adunsu, zamantakewa, da muhalli.
Don tabbatar da zato da shaida sun wadatar, don haka ya zama dole a haɗa da faffadan bayanai daga tushe da yawa. Dogaro da alamomi, akida, rugujewa, da tantancewa suna da haɗari sosai. Wannan duk, ba shakka, ana nufin a sanya su cikin ƙa'idodin ka'idojin mulkin mallaka, 'yancin ɗan adam, da daidaito wanda WHO ta Tsarin mulki An kafa.
Don haka, komawa kan mawuyacin halin da WHO da al'ummomin duniya ke samun kansu a ciki. Sun yi kaurin suna da matsayinsu na siyasa a kan kasancewarsu cibiyar hanyar da ta dace don ceto al'ummar duniya daga lamurra na gaggawa, masu zuwa, da masu tada hankali; an barazanar wanzuwa ga bil'adama kamar yadda G20 ya gaya mana. Manufar analysis ya bayyana cewa waɗannan abubuwan gaggawa ba safai suke kaiwa matakin da ke tabbatar da karkatar da albarkatu masu mahimmanci daga gare su endemic da na kullum cututtuka waɗanda a zahiri suna lalata da kashewa a sikelin (duba ginshiƙi a ƙasa).
Yarda da irin wannan gaskiyar, bayan touting da makawa bala'i da ƙarfi sosai, zai iya yin haɗari da tsammanin aiki, izgili, da raguwar ikon yin kuɗi a lokacin bayan-Covid. Duk da haka, yin watsi da la'akari da yawa a cikin lafiyar jama'a na duniya da kuma shaidar da ke ba da sanarwar waɗannan abubuwan na buƙatar watsi da ƙa'idodi da ɗabi'a. Matsalolin da ke buƙatar gaskiya, zurfafa tunani, da ƙarfi.
Manyan abubuwan da ke haddasa mutuwa ta cututtuka a duniya, a cikin 2019. Nauyin Cuta na Duniya data, gabatar a https://ourworldindata.org/.
Abin Da Ainihin Bayanan Ya Nuna
Binciken REPPARE game da shaidun da ke bayan WHO, Bankin Duniya, da takaddun G20 waɗanda ke haɓaka shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar sun nuna cewa barkewar barkewar cutar, duka biyun da ke tasowa a tsakanin al'ummomin mutane da kuma matsayin 'lalacewar' ƙwayoyin cuta daga dabbobi, sun karu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin shekara ta 2000, tare da nauyi yanzu yana raguwa (hoton da ke ƙasa).
Koyaya, babu makawa cewa rahoton irin wannan barkewar zai sami tasiri ta hanyar sauye-sauye a duka iyawa da kuzarin bayar da rahoto. Waɗannan sun haɗa da haɓaka, da haɓaka damar zuwa, manyan dandamali na bincike ciki har da PCB da antigen-na kula da serology gwaje-gwaje, da kuma inganta hanyoyin sadarwa. Shekaru 50 da suka gabata, yawancin cututtukan da ake iya ganowa a yanzu ba za a iya gano su ba, ko kuma cututtukan da suke haifar da su da irin yanayin asibiti. Yana da ban mamaki cewa manyan hukumomin kiwon lafiya za su yi watsi da hakan ko kuma su raina shi, amma wannan lamari ne, ba zato ba tsammani.
Cire daga hoto na 2 na Morand da kuma Walther (2020-23), yana nuna alamar raguwar fashewar kwanan nan da lambobin cuta a cikin bayanan GIDEON.
Haɓaka ingantattun fasahohin bincike ba wai kawai yana tasiri ƙimar rahoton ba amma yana da fa'ida a bayyane ga fahimtar kalmar 'cututtuka masu tasowa' (EID). Wannan kalmar da ake yawan amfani da ita tana nuna cewa sabbin barazana na ci gaba da kunno kai, kamar barkewar cutar Nipah na shekaru 25 da suka gabata. Koyaya, yayin da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suka shiga cikin al'ummomin ɗan adam, kamar sabbin bambance-bambancen mura, HIV da ƙwayar cuta ta SARS-1, wasu kamar kwayar cutar Nipah kawai ba a iya gano su ba tare da ci gaban fasaha na kwanan nan ba saboda suna haifar da cututtukan da ba takamaiman ba. Yanzu mun fi kyau a gano su, wanda ke sanya mu nan da nan a cikin mafi kyau, mafi aminci matsayi.
Mahimmanci, ainihin mace-mace daga waɗannan munanan annobar ta kasance ƙasa da ƙasa har tsawon ƙarni guda sabanin sauran nauyin lafiya na yanzu. Binciken da aka ambata da yawa Bernstein et al. (2022) yana ba da shawarar miliyoyin mutuwar fashewa a kowace shekara ya haɗa da zamanin riga-kafin ƙwayoyin cuta na Sipaniya da kuma taron HIV na shekaru goma, matsakaicin girman yawan mutanen yau.
Koyaya, kamar yadda bayanan nasu ya nuna, babu wani abu kamar mura na Sipaniya da ya faru dangane da mace-mace a karnin da ya gabata. Kamar yadda akasarin mutuwar cutar mura ta Spain ta faru kamuwa da cuta na biyu, kuma yanzu muna da maganin rigakafi na zamani, yana kuma ba da misali mara kyau don barkewar cutar nan gaba. Tare da ware HIV da mura, pre-Covid m barkewar mace-mace a halin yanzu pandemic saƙon yana ƙasa da mutane dubu 30, a duniya, cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata. Cutar tarin fuka kadai yana kashe sama da 3,500 a kowace rana.
Covid-19, ba shakka, ya shiga tsakani. Ya dace da wahala cikin babban labari na annoba saboda dalilai da yawa. Na farko, ta Asali ya kasance rigima, amma da alama yana iya haɗawa da tasirin da ba na halitta ba. Yayin da tserewar dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya kuma (ba makawa) za ta faru, sa ido da amsa da ake bayarwa a nan an yi niyya ne kan barkewar asalin halitta. Na biyu, mace-macen Covid-19 ya faru ne musamman a cikin tsofaffi tare da manyan cututtuka, ma'ana ainihin tasirin rayuwa gabaɗaya ya yi ƙasa da yadda alkaluman mace-macen da aka ruwaito suka ba da shawarar (wannan kuma yana dagula ƙima). Idan aka yi la'akari da asalin halitta, yana bayyana a matsayin mai ƙetare maimakon wani ɓangare na ci gaba a cikin bayanan da WHO, Bankin Duniya, da G20 suka dogara.
Lokaci don Dakata, Tunani, da Aiki da Hankali na gama gari
Shaidar, da aka tantance da kyau, tana ba da hoto na haɓaka ikon ganowa da bayar da rahoton bullar cutar har zuwa shekaru goma na 2000 zuwa 2010 (wanda ke bayyana ƙaruwa a cikin mita), sannan kuma rage nauyi daidai da haɓakar ikon samun nasarar magance waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da nauyi ta hanyar hanyoyin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na yanzu (wanda ke bayyana yanayin raguwar mace-mace). Wannan ya yi daidai da abin da mutum zai yi tsammani. Wato, fasahar zamani da inganta tsarin kiwon lafiya, magunguna, da tattalin arziki sun inganta gano ƙwayoyin cuta da rage rashin lafiya. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za su nuna cewa wannan yanayin zai ci gaba.
A cikin wannan mahallin, nazarin WHO, Bankin Duniya, da G20 suna da ban sha'awa ta fuskar ilimi da daidaito. Mai suka na iya ba da shawarar cewa sha'awar magana a barazanar da aka gane yana haifar da bincike mai ban tsoro musamman, maimakon bincike da gangan da nufin tantance girman barazanar. Da alama irin wannan tsarin ba zai iya magance bukatun lafiyar jama'a ba.
Don a fayyace, barkewar cututtuka na cutar da mutane kuma suna rage rayuwa kuma dole ne a magance su. Kuma tabbas akwai gyare-gyare da ya kamata kuma za a iya yi don magance wannan haɗari yadda ya kamata. Gabaɗaya tare da yawancin fannoni na likitanci da kimiyya, ana samun wannan mafi kyau bisa ingantacciyar hujja da bincike na masana maimakon barin ƙayyadaddun zato don fitar da sakamako.
Ta hanyar yin iƙirari da ya saba wa bayanan, hukumomin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da ƙasa suna yaudarar gwamnatocin Membobin ƙasa hanyar da ba ta da tabbas tare da ƙimar ƙimar da ta dace da kuma karkatar da jarin siyasa. Wannan a halin yanzu yana tsaye a $ 31.1 biliyan a kowace shekara ban da Lafiya guda matakan da karuwar kudade da kuma akalla 5 sababbin kayan aikin duniya; ko kuma kusan sau 10 na kasafin kudin shekara na WHO na yanzu. Gaggawar da ke tattare da shirin rigakafin cutar ya saba wa shaida ko kuma rashin goyan bayansa.
Dangane da tasirin su, hukumomin kiwon lafiya na duniya suna da wani nauyi na musamman don tabbatar da manufofinsu suna da tushe mai kyau a cikin bayanai da kuma bincike na haƙiƙa. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatoci suna da alhakin ɗaukar lokaci, da ƙoƙari, don tabbatar da cewa al'ummarsu sun yi aiki mai kyau. Ana fatan kimantawa a cikin rahoton REPPARE Manufofin Hankali Kan Firgici wanda aka gabatar da wannan labarin zai ba da gudummawa ga wannan ƙoƙarin.
REPPARE, 12 Fabrairu 2024. David Bell, Garrett Brown, Blagovesta Tacheva, Jean von Agris.
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REPPARE (Sake kimanta Shirye-shiryen Cutar Kwayar cuta Da Ajandar Amsa) ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar darussan da yawa da Jami'ar Leeds ta kira.
Garrett W. Brown
Garrett Wallace Brown shine Shugaban Manufofin Lafiya na Duniya a Jami'ar Leeds. Shi ne Co-Jagoran na Sashen Bincike na Lafiya na Duniya kuma zai zama Darakta na sabuwar Cibiyar Haɗin gwiwar WHO don Tsarin Lafiya da Tsaron Lafiya. Binciken nasa ya mayar da hankali kan gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya na duniya, ba da kuɗaɗen kiwon lafiya, ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya, daidaiton lafiya, da ƙiyasin farashi da yuwuwar bayar da tallafi na shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar da martani. Ya gudanar da manufofi da haɗin gwiwar bincike a cikin lafiyar duniya fiye da shekaru 25 kuma ya yi aiki tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatoci a Afirka, DHSC, FCDO, Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Birtaniya, WHO, G7, da G20.
David Bell
David Bell likita ne na asibiti da lafiyar jama'a tare da PhD a cikin lafiyar jama'a da asali a cikin likitancin ciki, ƙirar ƙira da cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka. A baya can, ya kasance Darakta na Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Intellectual Ventures Global Good Fund a Amurka, Shugaban Shirin Malaria da Cutar Cutar Kwalara a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, kuma ya yi aiki a kan cututtuka masu yaduwa da daidaita dabarun gano cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 20 a fannin kimiyyar halittu da lafiyar jama'a na duniya, tare da wallafe-wallafe sama da 120. David yana zaune a Texas, Amurka.
Blagovesta Tacheva
Blagovesta Tacheva ƙwararren mai bincike ne na REPPARE a Makarantar Siyasa da Nazarin Duniya a Jami'ar Leeds. Tana da PhD a cikin Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya tare da gwaninta a ƙirar cibiyoyi na duniya, dokokin kasa da kasa, 'yancin ɗan adam, da martanin jin kai. Kwanan nan, ta gudanar da bincike na hadin gwiwa na WHO game da shirye-shiryen cutar sankara da kiyasin farashin mayar da martani da yuwuwar samar da sabbin hanyoyin samar da kudade don saduwa da wani yanki na wannan kiyasin. Matsayinta a cikin ƙungiyar REPPARE shine ta bincika shirye-shiryen cibiyoyi na yanzu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da shirye-shiryen balaguron balaguro da ajandar mayar da martani da kuma tantance dacewarta ta la'akari da nauyin haɗari da aka gano, farashin dama da sadaukarwa ga wakilci / yanke shawara mai adalci.
Jean Merlin von Agris
Jean Merlin von Agris dalibi ne na REPPARE wanda ke samun tallafin PhD a Makarantar Siyasa da Nazarin Duniya a Jami'ar Leeds. Yana da digiri na biyu a fannin raya tattalin arziki tare da sha'awar ci gaban karkara na musamman. Kwanan nan, ya mai da hankali kan yin bincike kan iyaka da tasirin ayyukan da ba na magunguna ba yayin bala'in Covid-19. A cikin aikin REPPARE, Jean zai mai da hankali kan tantance zato da kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran tushen shaida da ke ƙunshe da shirye-shiryen balaguron bala'in duniya da ajandar mayar da martani, tare da mai da hankali musamman kan abubuwan da ke haifar da jin daɗi.
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