[Wannan labarin ya fara bugawa a Gaskiyar Gaskiya tare da Brian McGlinchey]
A cikin barkewar cutar ta Covid-19, masu goyon bayan kulle-kulle, odar matsuguni, umarnin rufe fuska da sauran matakan tilastawa gwamnati sun bayyana wadannan matakan a matsayin "kuskure a bangaren taka tsantsan."
Yanzu, yayin da mummunan adadin waɗannan matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a ke shiga cikin mafi yawan mayar da hankali, yana ƙara bayyana cewa halayen ba daidai ba ne.
Abin da ba a bayyane yake ba, duk da haka, shine yadda ainihin amfani da "kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan" ya kasance mai rauni a cikin kansa - ta hanyar dakile muhawarar manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, karkatar da hankali daga sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba, da hana masu gine-ginen gwamnatin Covid daga lissafin.
Don fahimtar yadda rashin amfani da "kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan" ya aiwatar da wani nau'in hypnosis mai yawa wanda ya haifar da yawan jama'a cikin shekaru biyu na mika wuya ga mummuna, manufofin wuce gona da iri, la'akari da yadda ake amfani da kalmar.
A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, mutum na iya yin kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan ta:
- Barin filin jirgin sama na ƙarin mintuna 30 da wuri
- Ɗaukar laima lokacin da akwai damar ruwan sama 25%.
- Neman gangaren kankara mai ƙarancin ƙalubale
- Komawa gidan yayi dan tabbatar an cire karfen
- Samun ra'ayi na likita na biyu
Gabaɗaya magana, "kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan" a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun yana nufin rage haɗari tare da taka tsantsan da ke da tsada mara tsada.
Lokacin da masu ba da izini suka bayyana hukunce-hukuncen nasu a matsayin "kuskure ta hanyar taka tsantsan," yana da tasirin tabbatar wa jama'a - da kansu - cewa za a sami ɗan ko babu lahani da ke da alaƙa da matsananciyar matakan kamar:
- Rufe kasuwancin na tsawon watanni a lokaci guda
- Sanin tilastawa miliyoyin mutane cikin rashin aikin yi
- Dakatar da halartar kai tsaye a makarantu da kwalejoji
- Umarnin mutane na kowane zamani da bayanan martaba don sanya abin rufe fuska
- Hana mutane damar yin cuɗanya, sake ƙirƙira da jin daɗin rayuwa
Wannan tabbataccen matakin ƙasa da ƙasa ba wai kawai ya haifar da goyan bayan rashin tunani ba ga matakai masu tsauri a tsakanin ƴan ƙasa da ƙwararru ba, har ila yau ya haifar da yanayi na rashin haƙuri ga waɗanda suka yi tambaya game da hikimar waɗannan tsoma baki tare da annabta manyan illolin da suka haifar.
"Mafi girman kai, saƙon da ba a yarda da shi ba ya ba mu damar ɗauka cewa duk ra'ayoyin da ba su yarda da juna ba bayanai ne na gaskiya maimakon tunani na rashin jituwa na gaskiya ko kuma fifiko," in ji farfesa na Rutgers Jacob Hale Russell da Dennis Patterson a cikin rubutunsu, Mask Debacle. "A cikin yin haka, manyan mutane sun fitar da binciken kimiyya wanda zai iya raba ayyuka masu mahimmanci daga masu ƙarancin ƙima."
Tabbas, baya ga tabbataccen tabbacinsa cewa matakin rage haɗarin yana zuwa da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan, "kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan" yana nuna tsammanin cewa haƙiƙa zai yi tasiri.
Wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba game da umarnin Covid. Ko da yake da yawa sun ci gaba da runguma rudin ikon gwamnati akan Covid, da sabanin karatu da kuma hakikanin duniya lura suna tarawa nisa yayi tsayi sosai masu gaskiya a cikinmu kuma za a musunta.
Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a Ya Fitar da Littafin Playbook kuma Ya Jefa Akwatin Pandora Faɗin Buɗe
Talakawa wadanda suka rera wakar "Na amince da kimiyya," yayin da suke yabon kowane sa hannun gwamnati da kuma bautar da wadanda suka dora su, da alama ba su san cewa, kafin Covid-19, kyakkyawar ra'ayin kimiyya ya kasance kan kulle-kulle, keɓe keɓewa da rufe fuska a waje da saitunan asibiti - musamman ga kwayar cuta kamar Covid-19 wacce ke da cutar. 99% rayuwa rate ga yawancin kungiyoyin shekaru.
Alal misali, a Littafin 2006 Cibiyar Kula da Halittu ta Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Pittsburgh ta buga - tana mai da hankali kan matakan ragewa kan wata cuta ta numfashi mai yaduwa, cutar mura - tana karanta kamar alamar gargadi game da yawancin manufofin da aka yiwa bil'adama ta fuskar Covid-19:
- "Babu wani dalili na ba da shawarar keɓance ko dai na ƙungiyoyi ko daidaikun mutane. Matsalolin aiwatar da irin waɗannan matakan suna da girma, kuma sakamakon na biyu na rashin zuwa da rugujewar al'umma da kuma mummunan sakamako… na iya zama babba."
- "Rufe makarantu, gidajen cin abinci, majami'u, wuraren shakatawa, da sauransu] tabbas yana da mummunar illa ga zamantakewa da tattalin arziki."
- "Mashin tiyata na yau da kullun yana yin kadan don hana shakar kananan digo masu dauke da kwayar cutar mura…Akwai 'yan bayanai da ake da su don tallafawa ingancin N95 ko abin rufe fuska a wajen wurin kiwon lafiya. Dole ne a gwada mashin din N95 don yin tasiri."
Manufar waccan da sauran bincike kafin 2020 game da rage cutar ta ya kamata a shirya, a lokutan rikici, tare da manufofin da ke nuna ingantaccen dalili da ƙima na farashi da fa'idodi.
Koyaya, lokacin da cutar ta zo, firgita jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a da malaman jami'o'i sun jefar da littafin wasan tare da daukar kwarin gwiwar manufofinsu daga gwamnatin da ta fara tunkarar cutar. Abin bakin ciki ga duniya, China ce mai bin tafarkin gurguzu.
Faɗin illolin da ke haifarwa daga shiga cikin ikon lafiyar jama'a yana da ban mamaki. Nisa daga yin kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan…
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen matsalar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Damuwa da damuwa sun yi yawa, musamman a tsakanin matasa da matasa, inda Alamun sun ninka sau biyu yayin bala'in.
"Ban taba yin shagaltuwa ba a rayuwata kuma ban taba ganin abokan aikina sun shagaltu ba," in ji wani likitan hauka na New York Valentine Raiteri. CNBC. "Ba zan iya tura mutane zuwa ga wasu ba saboda kowa ya cika."
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen ƙoƙarin kashe kansa na yara. A lokacin rani na 2020, dakin gaggawa yana ziyartar yuwuwar kashe kansa ta yara ya haura sama da kashi 22% idan aka kwatanta da lokacin rani na 2019.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a kan yawan shan kwayoyi. A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Muggan Kwayoyi ta Kasa. Adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu da kashi 30% a cikin 2020 zuwa mafi girma fiye da 93,000. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka ambata: warewar jama'a, mutanen da ke amfani da kwayoyi kadai, da rage samun magani.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen mutuwar mota. Mutuwar ababen hawa ya kasance kan koma-baya ga jama'a tun daga shekarun 60s, inda ya kai wani matsayi na kusa a shekarar 2019. Duk da haka, ko da zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar da aka rufe, mutuwar ta tashi da kashi 17.5% a lokacin rani na 2020 idan aka kwatanta da 2019, kuma ta ci gaba da karuwa zuwa 2021.
laifi ƙara yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa, tare da rugujewar tunani daga mutanen da aka hana su jin daɗin rayuwa. Masanin ilimin kimiyya na Jami'ar Texas Art Markman ya gaya The New York Times Wannan fushi da tashin hankali a bayan motar a wani bangare yana nuna "shekaru biyu na dakatar da kanmu daga yin abubuwan da muke so mu yi."
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen tashin hankalin gida. Binciken bincike na 32 ya gano karuwar tashin hankali a cikin gida a duniya, tare da karuwa mafi tsanani a cikin makon farko na kulle-kulle. "Tsarin gida ya haifar da tuntuɓar juna tsakanin masu aikata laifuka da wadanda abin ya shafa, wanda ya haifar da karuwar tashin hankali da raguwar rahotanni," masu binciken sun gano.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi kuskure a bangaren tarzoma, kone-kone da kwasar ganima. Hukuncin kaina ne cewa barkewar rikicin bazara na shekarar 2020 bayan kisan gillar da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Minneapolis ya yi wa George Floyd ya yi matukar girma saboda lokacin tilastawa jama'a tsare da ya gabata.
Mutuwar Floyd wasa ne da aka jefa a cikin wani akwati na bil'adama da aka keɓe don kama gidan gaskiya. Mutanen da aka katange daga gidajen cin abinci da mashaya an ba su ba zato ba tsammani jama'a keɓewa don shiga cikin ɗimbin jama'a, inda suka sami farin ciki, zamantakewa da kuma, sau da yawa, rashin hankali hanyoyi masu halakarwa na fitar da watanni na kuzari, damuwa da takaici. Yana tsaye a matsayin mafi tsada tashin hankalin jama'a a tarihin Amurka.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen killace mutane inda aka fi kamuwa da cutar. Lockdowns ya ba da umarnin mutane daga wuraren aiki, makarantu, gidajen abinci da mashaya kuma zuwa cikin gidajensu, inda aka gano ma'aikatan kwangilar New York. 74% na yaduwar Covid yana faruwa, idan aka kwatanta da kawai 1.4% a mashaya da gidajen cin abinci da ma kasa a makarantu da wuraren aiki.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi kuskure a gefen kiba. Bisa ga CDC, "Haɗarin rashin lafiyar COVID-19 mai tsanani yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da BMI mafi girma [Jikin Mass Index]." Don haka Me zai faru lokacin da “kwararrun kiwon lafiyar jama’a” suka rufe makarantu, wuraren aiki da zaɓuɓɓukan nishaɗi kuma suka gaya wa mutane su zauna a gida don su kasance “lafiya”?
CDC ta gano cewa, a cikin 2020, adadin ta wanda BMI ya karu tsakanin masu shekaru 2 zuwa 19 ya ninka sau biyu. Wani bincike ya gano cewa 48% na manya sun sami kiba yayin bala'in cutar, tare da waɗanda suka riga sun yi kiba suna iya ƙara ƙari. Daga cikin wasu dalilai, binciken ya nuna damuwa na tunani da kuma samun ƴan makaranta a gida.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure game da iska mai kyau, motsa jiki da Vitamin D. Gwamnatoci sun yi yunƙurin rufe filayen wasa, kotunan ƙwallon kwando da sauran wuraren nishaɗin waje. A cikin wani yunƙuri wanda ke nuna alamar nauyi mai nauyi, ikon ikon mallaka a cikin shekarun Covid, birnin San Clemente, California ya cika wurin shakatawa na skate da. 37 ton na yashi.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen rashin ci gaban yara. "Mun gano cewa yaran da aka haifa a lokacin bala'in sun ragu sosai na magana, mota, da kuma aikin fahimi gabaɗaya idan aka kwatanta da yaran da aka haifa kafin kamuwa da cutar," in ji marubutan wani bincike daga Binciken Gaggawa na Yara a Burtaniya da Ireland (PERUKI).
"Sakamakon yana nuna cewa ko da babu kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2 kai tsaye da cutar COVID-19, canjin yanayi hade da [da] cutar ta COVID-19 [suna] mahimmanci kuma tana cutar da ci gaban jarirai da yara."
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen asarar koyo. Yara suna kasa m zuwa Covid-19 fiye da yadda suke kamuwa da mura, kuma da kyar ake watsawa ga malamai. Abin takaici, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Amurka da ƙungiyoyin malamai sun yi nasara wajen dakatar da koyarwa ta mutum-mutumi (da zamantakewa) don goyon bayan "ilimin nesa."
Matsakaici ne wanda ya faɗo a kan ƙananan yara masu koyo. Misali, bisa ga manhajojin karatu da mai ba da tantancewa Amplify, yawan ƴan aji na farko da suka zira kwallaye a ko sama da burin makinsu a tsakiyar shekara ta makaranta. kika aika daga kashi 58% kafin barkewar cutar zuwa kashi 44% a wannan shekara.
Lafiyar jama'a ta yi kuskure a gefen rufewar yaran makaranta marasa ma'ana. Lokacin da makarantu suka buɗe, wajibcin abin rufe fuska ya cika-duk da rashin lahani na yara ga ƙwayar cuta da kuma ƙarancin watsawa a cikin makaranta. Wani binciken Mutanen Espanya ya nuna babu bambanci mai ganewa a cikin watsawa tsakanin yara masu shekaru 5 - waɗanda ba a buƙatar su rufe fuska ba - da kuma masu shekaru 6, waɗanda suke.
"Masking wani damuwa ne na tunani ga yara kuma yana rushe ilmantarwa. Rufe rabin fuskar malami da almajiri yana rage ikon sadarwa." rubuta Neeraj Sood, darektan Covid Initiative a USC, da Jay Bhattacharya, farfesa a fannin likitanci a Stanford. "Kyakkyawan motsin rai irin su dariya da murmushi sun zama marasa ganewa, kuma mummunan motsin rai yana karuwa. Dangantaka tsakanin malamai da dalibai yana cin nasara."
"Yawancin abin rufe fuska da yawancin yara ke sawa don yawancin cutar ba su yi wani abin da zai canza saurin ko yanayin cutar ba," ya rubuta Jami'ar California masanin farfesa na cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi da ilimin halittu Vinay Prasad. "Asara ga yara yana da wuyar kamawa a cikin bayanai masu wuya, amma da alama zai bayyana a cikin shekaru masu zuwa."
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a gefen baiwa masu rufe fuska rashin tsaro. Kamar yadda na rubuta A cikin watan Agusta, "Barbashi na Covid-19 ƙanana ne da ban mamaki. Da wuya kamar yadda ake tsammani, gibin da ba za a iya fahimta ba a cikin abin rufe fuska na iya zama 1,000 sau girman kwayar cutar kwayar cuta. Giɓi a cikin abin rufe fuska ya fi girma sosai. ” Wannan shine a ce komai na iskar da aka shaka wacce kawai ke kewaya gefan abin rufe fuska.
Tun da farko a cikin bala'in, abin rufe fuska na tambayar ya haifar da fushi da saurin yin sharhi kan kafofin watsa labarun. Yanzu, har ma da mai sharhi kan lafiyar CNN Leanna Wen ta bayyana cewa "kadan fiye da kayan ado na fuska.” Shakkun abin rufe fuska yana tasowa a wani wuri a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun; Washington Post kuma Bloomberg har ma sun buga makala mai taken "Dokokin Mask ba su sami Bambanci da yawa ba. "
Lokacin da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a suka wuce gona da iri akan ikon abin rufe fuska, sun yi fiye da haɓaka rashin jin daɗi mara ma'ana da hanyar rayuwa ta dystopian. "An ruɗe da tunanin cewa abin rufe fuska zai kare su, wasu tsofaffi masu haɗari ba su nisanta jama'a yadda ya kamata, wasu kuma sun mutu daga Covid-19 saboda haka," ya ce Masanin ilimin cututtuka, masanin ilimin halittu kuma tsohon farfesa na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard Martin Kulldorff.
Lafiyar jama'a ta yi kuskure a gefen kashe kananan 'yan kasuwa. Godiya a babban bangare ga manufar gwamnati na abin da ake kira "kasuwancin da ba su da mahimmanci," shekarar farko ta barkewar cutar ta haifar da ƙarin. 200,000 kasuwanci rufe sama da matakan da suka gabata.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a bangaren cutar da sana'ar mata. Mata sun ƙunshi kashi mafi girma na sassan boye mafi wuya ta hanyar kulle-kulle, da kuma rufe makarantu da cibiyoyin kula da yara ya sa mata da yawa fiye da maza su sanya sana'o'insu.
Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya yi kuskure a bangaren hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Don daidaita dimbin barnar tattalin arziki da rufewar lafiyar jama’a ya haifar, gwamnatin tarayya ta shiga cikin wani katafaren kashe kudi mai ban mamaki, inda ta raba kudade ga daidaikun mutane, ‘yan kasuwa da gwamnatocin birane da na jihohi.
Kudi ne gwamnati ba ta da shi, don haka Babban Bankin Tarayya ya ƙirƙira shi daga iska mai iska. Tura duk waɗannan sabbin kuɗaɗen fiat zuwa wurare dabam dabam na lalata kuɗin, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar farashin farashi na yau - wanda shine haraji na sirri ba tare da matsakaicin adadin ba, wanda ya fi shafar talakawa.
lura: Kulle-kulle da sauran wajibai ba su ne keɓantaccen direba na yawancin illoli da na bayyana ba; tsoron kwayar cutar baki daya kuma ya taimaka ga wasu daga cikinsu. Duk da haka, ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a-da kafofin watsa labaru cewa da yawa sun jaddada munanan labarai- ya tashi da wani matakin tsoro wanda ya kai mutane zuwa wuce gona da iri na haɗari ainihin kwayar cutar ta haifar da ita.
Akwai wata hanyar da ke ba da izinin kulle-kulle da sauran umarni a matsayin "kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan" yana taka dabarar tunani: Tun da kalmar ta ƙunshi ra'ayin kyakkyawar niyya, tana ba da sharadi ga 'yan ƙasa da su zama masu gafarta wa ma'aikata da 'yan siyasa waɗanda suka sanya su.
A lura, duk da haka, cewa a yawancin amfanin yau da kullun na “kuskure a gefen taka tsantsan,” zaɓen “kuskure” da son rai ne mutanen da suka ɗauki sakamakon shawararsu—ko wasu, kamar matuƙin jirgin sama ko kuma likitan fiɗa, waɗanda da son rai muka ba da iko ga jin daɗinmu.
Mummunan tasirin kulle-kulle da sauran umarni, duk da haka, an ɗora wa al'umma tilas, don kada su ce komai game da gaskiyar cewa da yawa daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen suna wakiltar cin zarafi na mulki da take haƙƙin ɗan adam.
A saman wannan duka, ƙa'idodin sun sami ƙarfafa ta hanyar tantancewa na Orwellian da kuma kyamar da aka yi wa waɗanda suka kuskura su tayar da tambayoyin da suka tabbata a yanzu.
Yawan kai jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a da 'yan siyasa - da 'yan jarida-da-suna-kawai waɗanda suka yi aiki a matsayin marasa hankali, megaphone marasa tambaya - sun sami cikakkiyar la'antarmu. Lallai, riƙe su da lissafi yana da mahimmanci don kare kanmu da al'ummomi masu zuwa daga maimaita wannan babi na tarihin ɗan adam.
An sake bugawa daga marubucin Mayarwa
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Brian McGlinchey ɗan jarida ne wanda jaridar New York Times, AP, Washington Post, NBC News, Times of London, da dai sauransu suka yi tsokaci, ko kuma tuntuɓar aikinsa.
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