A cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, jama'a sun gane wa idanunsu irin gagarumin karfin da cibiyar kiwon lafiyar jama'a ke amfani da su. Yin amfani da ikon gaggawa wanda yawancin mutane ba su taɓa gane cewa gwamnatin Amurka ta mallaka ba, lafiyar jama'a ta keta haƙƙin farar hula na Amurkawa da sunan sarrafa kamuwa da cuta.
Mun jimre shekaru uku na manufofin marasa amfani da rarraba, gami da kulle-kulle, rufe coci da kasuwanci, Makarantun Zoom, umarnin rufe fuska, da umarnin alluran rigakafi da wariya. Yanzu da WHO ya ayyana kawo karshen cutar ta covid da kuma CDC Darakta Rochelle Walensky ta sanar da yin murabus, lokaci ya yi da jihohi za su dauki matakin takaita karfin lafiyar jama'a ta yadda maimaituwa ta sake faruwa.
Sabanin abin da kuke ji a kwanakin nan daga waɗanda ke yanke shawara mara kyau a duk lokacin bala'in, yawancin kurakuran ba kuskuren gaskiya bane. Kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya rungumi matsayi da sabani da shaidar kimiyya a duk lokacin bala'in, alal misali, ta hanyar nuna cewa rigakafi bayan murmurewa COVID ba ya wanzu, kuma ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na rigakafin cutar ta COVID-19 da watsawa. Duk da yawancin allurar rigakafin cutar, COVID ya bazu kuma mutane sun mutu ta wata hanya, tare da babban lahani - na tattalin arziki da na lafiyar jama'a - wanda ya samo asali daga manufofin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Lokaci ya yi da za a yi amfani da dokoki don iyakance ikon lafiyar jama'a.
Saboda lafiyar jama'a ta yi amfani da dabaru biyu don aiwatar da nufinta a kan jama'a, ƙuntatawa kan ikon lafiyar jama'a dole ne su magance duka biyun. Na farko, ta fitar da umarni kai tsaye da kuma “jagoranci” masu ɗaure waɗanda ikon ƴan sanda na gwamnati ya aiwatar. Misali, a cikin bazara na 2020, 'yan sanda sun kama wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa saboda laifin jin daɗin bakin tekun Kudancin California a ranar da rana ke faɗuwa.
Na biyu, hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun haifar da tsoro ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na mace-macen kamuwa da cuta. Wannan dabara kuma ta yi aiki: Bincike ya nuna cewa mutane da yawa wuce gona da iri hadarin mutuwa idan kamuwa da cuta. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa manyan kamfanoni, ƙananan kasuwanci, da mutane na yau da kullun "da son rai" sun tilasta jagorancin lafiyar jama'a har ma da wasiƙar shawarwarin. "Jagorar" da CDC da WHO suka bayar, wanda ba a riga an yi magana da jama'a ko nazarin fa'ida ba, ya ɗauki ƙarfin doka.
Doka na da matukar muhimmanci wajen yakar wannan mugunyar cin zarafi da ake yi wa jama’a, musamman ganin yadda littafin azzalumi na lafiyar jama’a ya zama abin karbuwa a tsakanin shugabannin kiwon lafiyar jama’a a matakin kasa da kasa. Bitar da WHO ta yi Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa da kuma sabuwar yarjejeniya ta annoba ta ingiza kasashe mambobin kungiyar don kara karfin hukumomin kula da lafiyar jama'a a yayin bala'in kiwon lafiya. Kwanan nan aka fitar da "Darussan daga Yaƙin Covid" ta Kungiyar Rikicin Covid yana ba da uzuri ga laifuffukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar dora laifin gazawarta a kan rashin isassun kudade don fifikon lafiyar jama'a da rashin isasshen iko. Kamar yadda abubuwa ke tsaye, a cikin annoba ta gaba, kulle-kullen za su sake dawowa.
Labari mai dadi shine cewa wasu jihohi suna ɗaukar dokoki don iyakance ikon hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na aiwatar da ayyukan gaggawa na gaggawa ba tare da ingantaccen hujja ba. Misali guda shine SB 252, kawai majalisar dokokin Florida ta wuce. Kudirin ya haramta wa kamfanoni na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu nuna wariya ga mutane dangane da rigakafin COVID, ya hana gwajin COVID na son rai, kuma yana iyakance jigilar buƙatun abin rufe fuska (ban da masu ba da lafiya). Mafi mahimmanci, kudirin ya haramtawa hukumomin gwamnati da cibiyoyin ilimi kula da jagorancin WHO da CDC kamar dai maganganunsu doka ne - sai dai idan jihar ta amince da shi a fili.
Yayin da wasu daga cikin waɗannan kariyar, kamar haramcin umarnin rigakafin COVID, sun riga sun kasance a cikin Florida, waɗannan ƙuntatawa za su ƙare nan ba da jimawa ba. SB 252 za ta dawo da madaidaicin wurin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a matsayin cibiyar da ke ba da shawarwarin da suka samo asali daga kimiyya maimakon "shirya-da-hanyar doka" - manufa mai hikima da aka ba da cewa kasuwanci da cibiyoyin ilimi ba za su iya dogaro da dogaro da kimiyyar da ke ƙarƙashin diktats na kiwon lafiyar jama'a ba.
Amma kudurin ba wai kawai ya kare hakkinmu na ’yan kasa ba ne; yana da kyau ga lafiyar jama'a, kuma.
Kafin barkewar cutar, na yi tunani a hankali cewa sadaukar da kai ga ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a sun hana ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a, don haka da sun yi adawa da dokar Florida ta hana nuna bambanci dangane da matsayin rigakafin. Yanzu, na ga hikimar lissafin. Na koyi kada in amince da hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da iko mai yawa kuma.
Kuma ni ba shakka ba ni kadai ba ne. Amincewar jama'a a cikin lafiyar jama'a ya kunno kai saboda tsananin aiwatar da jagorancinsa da ya wuce raguwar dawowa. Yana iya murmurewa ne kawai da zarar hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun fuskanci bincike iri ɗaya da ma'auni kamar sauran sassan gwamnati.
A ka'idar, akwai haɗarin hana ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a: Zai sa ayyukan haɗin gwiwar ƙasa ya fi wahala a cikin annoba ta gaba. Idan kuma a karo na gaba za mu sami bullar cutar da ke bukatar kowane bangare na kasar ya rufe ko’ina, a lokaci daya, na dogon lokaci?
Yana da wuya a sami irin wannan yanayin, kodayake yana da sauƙin bayyana a cikin litattafan almara na kimiyya. Tabbas ba a taba faruwa ba a tarihin kasar.
Ba wai ba za a sake samun wata annoba ba: za a yi. Amma amsa bai ɗaya na ƙasa zai yi faufau zama amsar da ta dace, saboda dalili mai sauƙi cewa Amurka babbar ƙasa ce, ƙasa da al'adu daban-daban. Yaduwar da wuri zai faru a wuraren da ake zafi, yayin da wasu ba za a shafa ba sai daga baya.
Amsoshi waɗanda ke lissafin yanayin gida za a buƙaci, kuma kudade kamar SB 252 suna sa hakan ya fi dacewa.
Yanzu da jihohi ke motsawa don taƙaita ikon lafiyar jama'a, hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na fuskantar zaɓi wanda zai yanke shawara ko jama'a za su sake amincewa da lafiyar jama'a. Za su iya yin yaƙin siyasa na bangaranci da waɗannan dokoki, kuma rugujewar amincewar jama'a ga lafiyar jama'a za ta ci gaba da sauri. Ko kuma za su iya yarda da iyakoki ga ikonsu bisa la'akari da gazawarsu ta annoba.
Idan lafiyar jama'a ta zaɓi na ƙarshe, ta ƙi ikon mulki, kuma ta maido da alƙawarin ta zuwa asali hali Ka'idoji, yana iya sake dawo da amincewar jama'a ta yadda za ta iya magance kalubalen kiwon lafiya da jama'ar Amurka ke fuskanta a halin yanzu.
An sake bugawa tare da izinin marubuci daga Newsweek
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Dr. Jay Bhattacharya likita ne, likitan dabbobi kuma masanin tattalin arziki. Shi Farfesa ne a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Stanford, Mataimakin Bincike a Ofishin Nazarin Tattalin Arziki na Kasa, Babban Babban Jami'in Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Tattalin Arziki na Stanford, Memba na Faculty a Stanford Freeman Spogli Institute, da Fellow a Kwalejin Kimiyya da 'Yanci. Binciken nasa ya mayar da hankali ne kan tattalin arziki na kiwon lafiya a duniya tare da kulawa ta musamman kan lafiya da jin dadin jama'a masu rauni. Co-Marubucin Babban Sanarwa na Barrington.
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