Wannan wani yanki ne daga littafin Dr. Ramesh Thakur, Maƙiyinmu, Gwamnati: Yadda Covid Ya Haɓaka Faɗawa da Amfani da ikon Jiha.
Afirka da bala'in firgita: Gaskiya ba tsoro ba
Afirka na cikin hadarin kamuwa da mafi munin duniyoyin biyu: gazawar duba annobar da kuma kasa duba durkushewar tattalin arziki. Me yasa?
Na farko, saboda ƙarancin ikon jihohi, yawancin ƙasashen Afirka ba su da gwamnatoci da tsarin kiwon lafiya don aiwatarwa da aiwatar da tsarin "gwaji, ware, magani, da ganowa". Me ainihin nisantar da jama'a ke nufi idan kuna zaune a cikin ƙauyuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke bayyana kusan dukkanin manyan biranen duniya masu tasowa. Na biyu, mamaye sassan da ba na yau da kullun ba da matsananciyar dogaro ga albashi na yau da kullun don ci gaba da ci gaba da iyalai suna nufin cewa bala'o'in tattalin arziki za su zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zurfafa zullumi na miliyoyin mutane da yawaita cututtuka da mace-mace.
SARS-CoV-2 ta bulla ta hanyar sarkar da har yanzu ba a gama fahimtar ta ba a Wuhan, China kuma ta hau kan titin jiragen sama na duniya don shigar da kanta cikin tsaka-tsakin duniya kuma ta bazu cikin sauri zuwa Iran, Turai, da Arewacin Amurka. Ya zuwa ranar 15 ga Mayu, jimlar adadin Covid-19 (cutar da kwayar cutar ta haifar) ya kai miliyan 4.5 kuma sama da mutane 300,000 sun mutu tare da shi a duk duniya. Ta kowane ma'auni, wannan babbar annoba ce.
Amma a cikin hangen nesa, da shekara-shekara mutuwar duniya daga manyan dalilai shi ne: cututtukan zuciya miliyan 8.7, bugun jini miliyan 6.2, ciwon huhu da cututtuka miliyan 4.8, mura da ciwon huhu miliyan 3.2, ciwon sukari miliyan 1.6, da gudawa da tarin fuka miliyan 1.4 kowanne. Don haka coronavirus baya wakiltar ƙarshen duniya. Mutane suna shan wahala amma suna jurewa. Wannan kwayar cutar ma za ta shude kuma hakika tana kan hanya kusan ko'ina.
Ya zuwa ranar 13 ga Mayu, adadin da aka kashe tare da Covid-19 a cikin kasashe 55 da suka hada da Tarayyar Afirka ya kai 2,382, ko kuma matsakaicin 43 kuma matsakaicin mutuwar 10 kawai a kowace ƙasa. Aljeriya da Masar ne kawai kasashen da suka sami asarar rayuka sama da 500. Idan muka ware su, matsakaicin ya faɗi zuwa mutuwar 1.3 / mako a kowace ƙasa. Bai kamata hakan ya isa ya kai ga shafukan yanar gizo na yawancin jaridu ba, balle har a kawo cikas ga rayuwa kamar yadda muka san ta ta hanyar rufewa.
A kwatanta, Table 2.1 yana nuna manyan masu kashe mutane uku a Afirka ta Kudu HIV/AIDS (138,000 a kowace shekara), cututtukan zuciya (41,000), da mura da ciwon huhu (35,000); in Kenya su ne gudawa (33,000), HIV/AIDS (30,000) da mura da ciwon huhu (27,000); kuma in Najeriya su mura da ciwon huhu 305,460; gudawa 186,218, da tarin fuka 175,124.
Wane darasi ne Afirka za ta iya koya daga abin da wasu suka fuskanta har yanzu?
A ranar 14 ga Mayu, Mike Ryan, kwararre a cikin gaggawa a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), ya fada wani taron tattaunawa ta yanar gizo cewa sabon coronavirus "na iya zama wata kwayar cuta mai saurin yaduwa a cikin al'ummominmu, kuma wannan kwayar cutar ba zata taba gushewa ba.” Sanarwar da WHO ta fitar da kuma hakikanin gaskiyar wani karamin lamari na barkewar cutar a fadin Afirka ya zuwa yanzu ya sanya ma'auni na yadda Afirka za ta iya magance wannan "rikicin" a matsayin mai yuwuwa amma ba a halin yanzu babbar barazanar tsaron dan adam ba.
Afirka na da damar jagorantar duniya bisa tushen shaida maimakon tsoro da za ta kasance cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali a duniyar da ta hauka baki ɗaya.
A 16 Maris, Kasuwancin Imperial College a London (ICL) ta buga gargadin takarda mai ban sha'awa game da mutuwar mutane 510,000 na Covid-19 a Burtaniya da miliyan 2.2 a Amurka ba tare da sa hannun gwamnati ba, kuma watakila rabin wadancan lambobin ba tare da kulle-kullen tattalin arzikin kasa da al'umma ba. Samfurin ya sha suka sosai daga injiniyoyin software saboda lambar sa da kuma masana kimiyyar likitanci saboda munanan zato da kuma gurbataccen bayanai. Rikicin ya rutsa da shi yayin da yake faruwa a cikin ainihin lokaci a Italiya da sauran wurare kuma ya burge shi sosai da nasarar da China ta samu na murkushe shi kamar yadda mummunan yanayin tsarin ICL, Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Australiya da sauran gwamnatoci suka sanya tsauraran matakai da buƙatun nisantar da jama'a, galibi tare da tara tara mai yawa nan take. Manyan masu sharhin kafofin watsa labarai, suna yin watsi da tazara mai mahimmanci da sanin yakamata, sun shiga garken don zama masu kamuwa da firgita.
Hoto 2.1 yana nuna rashin alaƙa tsakanin matakan kullewa da mutuwar coronavirus a cikin ƙasashe da aka zaɓa. Ƙuntata tsauraran matakan kullewa ga tsofaffi dã sun sami mafi yawan ribar.
Aiwatar zuwa Sweden, Hoto 2.1 yana da ban mamaki na gani a cikin nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin nau'o'in cututtukan cututtuka guda biyu a kowane gefe da kuma gaskiyar gaske a cikin tsakiyar ginshiƙi. Michael Levitt, wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel, Chemistry, yana kan alamar nasa sharhi: "Da alama kasancewar kashi 1,000 ya yi yawa yana da kyau a cikin ilimin cututtuka."
Sakamakon dabarun kulle-kulle ga kasashe matalauta na iya zama mai ban tausayi musamman. Nazarin da Makarantar Johns Hopkins ta Lafiyar Jama'a a cikin Lancet yayi kashedin cewa a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga, Mutuwar jarirai na iya haura miliyan 1.2 a cikin watanni shida masu zuwa, da kuma mace-macen mata masu juna biyu da 56,700, sakamakon rugujewar ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ke fama da cutar. Wannan ya wuce sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba.
Dabaru mai fuska uku don Afirka: kallo, shirya, da kunnawa
Turai da Arewacin Amurka, tare da kawai 14% na yawan mutanen duniya, suna da kashi 75% da 86% na jimlar cutar coronavirus ta duniya da ta mutu. Asiya, wacce ke da kashi 60% na al'ummar duniya, tana da kashi 16% kawai da 8% na kamuwa da cuta kuma sun mutu. Abin mamaki, hannun jarin Afirka ya kai kashi 17%, 1.5% da 0.8%, bi da bi. Ba a fahimci ilimin kimiyyar da ke tattare da cutar ba kuma babu wanda ke da gamsasshen bayani game da babbar gudun hijirar Afirka zuwa yau. Wannan duk da haka shine gaskiyar gaskiyar. Don haka, a halin yanzu babu bukatar kasashen Afirka su dauki wani mataki cikin gaggawa domin babu wani rikici.
Duk da haka, saboda kwayar cutar na iya tasowa kuma ta kamu da cutar ba zato ba tsammani, ya kamata Afirka ta haɓaka aikin sa ido da gwaje-gwaje a duk faɗin nahiyar, gami da tashoshin jiragen sama da tashar jiragen ruwa. Fadakarwa shine takwaransa mai mahimmanci don yin taka tsantsan ba tare da fargaba ba.
Hakanan zai zama mai hankali a gudanar da gwajin serological na samfuran wakilai na yawan jama'a don ƙididdige yawan ƙwayoyin rigakafi don haka yaduwar cutar. Mataki na biyu na taka tsantsan zai kasance don haɓaka ƙarfin da za a wuce ƙulla a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya da na asibiti, kawai idan wani mummunan maye ya faru ba zato ba tsammani.
Barkewar cutar da rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma suma suna nuna buƙatar masu keɓancewa na duniya don ganowa, ware da keɓe haɗarin tsarin da wuri. Rikicin wata dama ce ta sake farfado da da'ar hadin gwiwar duniya.
Hukumar ta WHO, wacce ta kawar da cutar sankarau a shekarun 1970, tana da rawar da ta taka tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Yaki da Cututtuka ta Afirka (African CDC) wajen bunkasa karfin jihohi a kasashen Afirka don shawo kan annobar da ke da matukar muhimmanci kuma ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba. Don haka ne ma ya kamata kasashen Afirka su hada kai wajen yin tir da yunkurin da Amurka ke yi na rage wa WHO da lalata. Maimakon haka, ya kamata su nemi taimakon WHO da CDC na Afirka don kafa wuraren gwaji da ka'idoji; tara mahimman gwaji da kayan kariya da magungunan warkewa; da gina ƙarfin ICU don jure kamuwa da cututtukan kwatsam don haka "R" - ƙimar haɓakar ƙwayar cuta - ana kiyaye shi ƙasa da 1 koyaushe don tabbatar da cewa barazanar ta koma baya kuma baya yaɗuwa.
Yin la'akari da ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta, yanayin rayuwa, da gaskiyar tattalin arziƙi, gwajin, ware, magani, da kuma bin diddigin tsarin da alama ya zama mafi dacewa da martani ga manufofin Afirka fiye da dabarun kulle-kulle masu firgita wanda sakamakonsa zai iya kashe mutane fiye da Covid-19 kanta.
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Ramesh Thakur, Babban Babban Masanin Cibiyar Brownstone, tsohon Mataimakin Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne, kuma farfesa na farko a Makarantar Siyasa ta Crawford, Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya.
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