Lokacin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta bazu ko'ina cikin duniya a farkon shekarar 2020, gwamnatin kasar Sin rufe da Asali. Sinawa sun yi saurin rufawa malaman jami'o'in Amurka tare da rikice-rikice na sha'awa, manyan mujallun likitanci, kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma babban mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban Amurka, Anthony Fauci.
Ƙoƙari ne da aka tsara don ɓoye abin da ke bayyane, wanda ke da raɗaɗi don yarda, cewa cutar ta kasance mai yuwuwa ya haifar da cutar ta hanyar lebur a Wuhan, kuma kwayar cutar, SARS-CoV-2, da alama an yi shi sosai a Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan. A cikin wannan dakin gwaje-gwaje, masu bincike suna ɗaukar kwayar cutar da ba ta da lahani kuma suna sanya ta mai mutuwa ta hanyar gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta a cikin abin da ake kira gwaje-gwajen samun-aiki.
Rufewar ya yi tasiri sosai. Ya tsara ra'ayin jama'a cewa kwayar cutar ta samo asali ne kuma ta yadu daga dabbobi zuwa mutane, ko da yake ba a taba samar da ko zaren shaida daya da ke goyon bayan wannan ra'ayin ba. Cin hanci da rashawa na kasar Sin da kuma barazanar da ake yi wa wadanda wanda ya fi sani ta samu nasara a zagayen farko amma a yanzu an sha kashi a wasan.
A cewar jami'an gwamnatin Amurka da dama da aka yi hira da su a wani bangare na dogon bincike a shekarar 2023, mutane uku na farko da suka kamu da kwayar cutar kuma duk an kwantar da su a asibiti yanzu. aka mai suna.
Dukkansu sun yi aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje inda suka yi gwaje-gwajen da suka dace ciki har da Ben Hu wanda ya jagoranci wannan bincike. Wani mai bincike na Amurka ya ce: "Mun kasance da kwarin gwiwa cewa wannan yana iya yiwuwa COVID-19… Sun horar da masana ilimin halittu a cikin shekaru talatin da arba'in. Masana kimiyya masu shekaru talatin da biyar ba sa kamuwa da mura sosai." Daya daga cikin dangin masu binciken ya mutu daga baya.
Bugu da kari, a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2019, darektan kula da harkokin tsaro na kwalejin kimiyyar kasar Sin ya kai ziyara, kamar yadda shafin yanar gizon cibiyar ya bayyana. Ya yi jawabi a taron shugabannin cibiyar tare da muhimman umarnin "baki da rubuce-rubuce" daga shugaban kasar Sin Xi Jinping, game da "layi mai sarkakiya mai sarkakiya."
Lokacin da Cibiyar ta Wuhan ta fitar da takardarsu ta farko game da kwayar cutar ta kwalara, sun kasa nuna sabon rukunin furon cleavage duk da cewa sun yi shirin shigar da wannan kuma sun sanya shi a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da SARS a cikin dakin binciken su. Masanin ilimin halittu daga Harvard ya ce cewa "Kamar dai waɗannan masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar sanya ƙahoni a kan dawakai, amma sa'ad da unicorn ya bayyana a garinsu bayan shekara guda, sai su rubuta takarda da ke kwatanta kowane bangare na sa sai kahonsa."
Matsayin Amurka a cikin rufin asiri
Ba kasar Sin ba ita kadai ce ta jagoranci duk duniya a bata. Sabbin saƙon imel da saƙonnin da aka fitar sun nuna cewa manyan masana kimiyyar Amurka sun yi wa Majalisa ƙarya a yayin sauraren karar a watan Yuli 2023 kuma sun yi karya sosai game da damuwar da suke da ita a farkon 2020 cewa cutar na iya kasancewa da kyau sakamakon kamuwa da kwayar cutar da aka kera tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka (NIH).
Ba tare da wata shaida ba, Robert Garry ya gaya wa Majalisa cewa kwayar cutar ta bulla a yanayi ba daga dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Kristian Andersen ya soki 'yan Republican saboda yada "ka'idar makirci" cewa shi da Garry sun yi aiki tare da mai ba shugaban kasa shawara Anthony Fauci a farkon 2020 don samar da rashin fahimta game da asalin COVID a ranar 17 ga Maris 2020. Yanayin Magunguna takarda,"Asalin kusancin SARS-CoV-2. "
Marubutan sun rubuta cewa, "Binciken mu ya nuna a fili cewa SARS-CoV-2 ba ginin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba ne ko kwayar cutar da aka sarrafa da gangan." Binciken su bai nuna komai ba; Magana ce kawai, kuma ƙungiyar masana kimiyya 14 da suka damu sun rubuta cewa gardamar Andersen et al. A ganina, labarin in Yanayin Magunguna yaudara ce kuma ya kamata a janye saboda daya daga cikin ma'anar munanan dabi'un kimiyya ya haɗa da karkatar da sakamakon da gangan.
Takardar tana da gagarumin tasiri wajen tsara ra'ayin jama'a kuma an duba kusan sau miliyan 6. Lokacin da na binciki abin da kafafen sada zumunta da ake kira masu binciken gaskiya suka ce game da asalin kwayar cutar, nan da nan na gano wani bincike na gaskiya wanda ya kira karya cewa wani ya ce an yi amfani da kwayar cutar, yana mai bayanin cewa "masana sun musanta ikirarin cewa kwayar cutar ba ta samo asali ba." Asalin wannan karyatawa shine shirme a ciki Yanayin Magunguna.
Sauran masu binciken gaskiya sun kasance daidai gwargwado. Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikina ya buga sako akan Facebook game da ɗayan mafi kyawun labarin da aka taɓa rubuta game da asalin cutar, daga Mayu 2021, An fara yiwa sakonsa lakabin "Bace mahallin," daga baya aka cire shi. Har ila yau, sun yi magana da Andersen da abokan aikinsa kuma sun yi amfani da manyan maganganu don ci gaba da shari'ar su, misali mutane 27 da suka sanya hannu kan wata babbar yaudara. Lancet harafi (duba ƙasa) an kira fitattun masana kimiyya.
Ba "ka'idar makirci" ba ce Andersen ya yi aiki tare da Fauci da sauran "mafi girma" lokacin da ya yanke shawarar yada rashin fahimta. Gaskiya ne. Matsin lamba daga "mafi girma" ya sa Andersen da Garry suyi watsi da ka'idar leak kamar yadda ba zai yiwu ba. Bugu da ƙari, sabbin takaddun da aka fitar sun nuna cewa Andersen har yanzu yana zargin cewa yuwuwar leb ɗin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka kera wata guda bayan. Yanayin Magunguna sun buga labarin su, da kuma watanni biyu bayan sun buga wani preprint.
Juyowar su ta sanya wasu "mafi girma" farin ciki. A ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2020, Daraktan NIH Francis Collins ya aika wa Fauci imel cewa yana fatan hakan Yanayin Magunguna labarin "zai daidaita wannan… Ina mamakin ko akwai wani abu da NIH za ta iya yi don taimakawa wajen kawar da wannan mummunan makirci."
Andersen ya bayyana wa Majalisa cewa ba zato ba tsammani ya canza imaninsa a farkon Fabrairu 2020 ya dogara ne akan " abubuwa da yawa, gami da ƙarin bayanai, nazari, ƙarin koyo game da coronaviruses, da tattaunawa tare da abokan aiki da abokan aiki."
Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Andersen ya rubuta a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2020: "Ina tsammanin babban abin da har yanzu ke cikin raina shi ne sigar tserewa daga laburaren wannan abu ne mai yuwuwa ya faru saboda sun riga sun yi irin wannan aikin kuma bayanan kwayoyin sun yi daidai da wannan yanayin." Sabbin sakonnin da aka fitar sun bayyana kusan cikakkun bayanai guda 60 tsakanin 31 ga Janairu da 28 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta Andersen da abokan aikinsa suna bayyana imaninsu cewa lebur din dakin gwaje-gwaje, da injiniyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, sune asalin COVID-19.
A farkon Fabrairu, Andersen da abokan aikinsa sun yarda cewa abubuwan da suka lura a cikin SARS-CoV-2 sun nuna ainihin matakan da za su ɗauka idan da kansu sun yanke shawarar injiniyan SARS-kamar coronavirus. Wani mahimmin shaidar da ke nuna cewa wataƙila an ƙirƙira ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ita ce wurin ɓarkewar furotin akan furotin mai karu, wanda ke ba da damar SARS-CoV-2 ta ɗaure ga rukunin masu karɓar ɗan adam, yana mai da kwayar cutar sosai. Wannan abu ne mai wuyar gaske ya faru kwatsam, watau ta hanyar maye gurbi.
Don haka, Andersen da abokan aikinsa ba kawai suna bin ƙarin bayanai ko nazari ba, kamar yadda ya yi iƙirari a cikin 2023 amma ya himmantu don bata sunan leken asirin, ɓoye bayanai, yaudarar 'yan jarida, da yaudarar jama'a a cikin 2020.
A ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2020, Fauci ya bayyana labarin Andersen a wani taron manema labarai na Fadar White House ba tare da bayyana kusancin sa da samar da shi ba. Har ma ya yi ikirarin cewa ba shi da sunayen marubutan, wanda ba gaskiya ba ne. Misali, a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, Andersen da abokan aikin sa sun yi kiran taro tare da Fauci da Collins wadanda suka yi amfani da damar wajen “ingiza su” su rubuta littafin. Yanayin Magunguna takarda.
Rufewar ta kasance da gangan cewa manyan mutane, ciki har da Andersen, sun yi ƙoƙari su guje wa binciken jama'a ta hanyar yin amfani da imel. Babban mai ba Fauci shawara ya yi alfahari da guje wa buƙatun Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai ta hanyar amfani da Gmel da ɓoye rawar Fauci; "Tony baya son sawun yatsa akan labarun asali… Kar ku damu… Zan share duk wani abu da bana son gani a cikin New York Times. "
Amma an kama su. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Andersen ya canza sunan tashar Slack daga "injin aikin-wuhan" zuwa "project-wuhan pangolin." Duk da haka, yunƙurinsu na yin pangolins da ke da alhakin cutar ya ci tura gaba ɗaya.
A cikin Majalisa a cikin 2023, Andersen ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya canza ra'ayinsa bisa ga shaidar kimiyya cewa mai tsaka-tsaki mai masaukin baƙi, kamar pangolin, yana yiwuwa, amma sadarwar cikin gida ta nuna cewa ya yi ƙarya.
Andersen da abokan aikinsa sun rubuta a cikin su Yanayin Magunguna labarin cewa "Kasancewar a cikin pangolins na RBD [yankin daure mai karɓa] yayi kama da na SARS-CoV-2 yana nufin cewa muna iya tunanin wannan ma yana cikin kwayar cutar da ta yi tsalle ga mutane.6 Amma kwanaki biyu bayan buga littafin, Andersen ya sake yarda, "A bayyane yake babu ɗayan waɗannan jerin pangolin da ya samo asali." Kuma a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, Andersen ya nanata cewa "Abin takaici, pangolins ba su taimaka wajen fayyace labarin ba."
A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, Andersen ya sake bayyana damuwarsa cewa watakila an samar da kwayar cutar a dakin binciken Wuhan. Koyaya, bayan mako guda kawai, Edward Holmes, ɗaya daga cikin mawallafin Andersen, ya yi watsi da "ka'idodin kubuta na makirci" a kan Twitter.
Akwai wasu ayoyin da suka nuna na tsananin rashin gaskiya na marubuta. A farkon Fabrairu, a New York Times dan jarida, Don McNeil, yana yin tambayoyi masu tsauri game da ko COVID-19 na iya fitowa daga dakin gwaje-gwaje. Andersen da mawallafinsa sun yi niyya don yin kuskure ga McNeil kuma ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ce: "Ina tunanin kawai amsawa da cewa 'Ban ga wani abu a cikin kwayoyin halittar da zai sa na yi imani cewa an yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje."'
Matsayin Anthony Fauci shima abin takaici ne. Ya ziyarci hedkwatar CIA don "tasiri" bitar sa game da asalin COVID-19, kwamitin sa ido na majalisar ya ruwaito. Manazarta CIA bakwai da ke da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kimiyya masu alaƙa da COVID-19 sun sami kari na aiki bayan sun canza rahoto don rage damuwa game da yiwuwar asalin cutar. CIA da gangan ba ta “lala” Fauci a ciki da wajen ginin ba don ɓoye duk wani rikodin da ya kasance a wurin.
Wani mai ba da labari na CIA ya bayyana cewa Fauci ba wai kawai ya ziyarci CIA ba har ma ya tura Yanayin Magunguna takarda, a cikin tarurruka a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen da Fadar White House a kokarin kawar da jami'an gwamnati daga duba yiwuwar cewa COVID-19 ya tsere daga dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Fauci yana da dalilai na tura masana kimiyya da manazarta leken asiri su yarda cewa kwayar cutar ta samo asali tun lokacin da hukumarsa ta ba da tallafi don tallafawa bincike mai haɗari a Wuhan.
Shigar da sojojin kasar Sin
Cikakken bincike da aka buga a watan Yuni 2023 ta Times ya nuna irin shigar da sojojin kasar Sin suke yi a cikin bincike-bincike na samun fa'ida, wanda ta ba da kudade. Wasu daga cikin binciken sun kasance a ɓoye, saboda bai taɓa zuwa ga masu haɗin gwiwar Amurka ba, misali Peter Daszak. Masu binciken na Amurka sun ce manufar ita ce samar da makamai masu guba, kuma, hakika, wani littafi da aka buga a cikin 2015 ta makarantar soji ya tattauna yadda ƙwayoyin cuta na SARS ke wakiltar "sabon zamanin makaman ƙwayoyin cuta" waɗanda za a iya " sarrafa su ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta ta ɗan adam da ke fitowa, sannan a ba su makamai kuma ba a kwance su." A bayyane yake, idan wata ƙasa za ta iya yi wa al'ummarta allurar rigakafin cutar ta sirri da kuma mai kisa, tana iya samun makamin da za ta canza ma'aunin ikon duniya.
Rundunar 'yantar da jama'a, kamar yadda ake kiranta da kakkausar murya duk da cewa ta kashe mutanenta a kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Tiananmen a shekarar 1989, tana da nata kwararre kan allurar rigakafi, Zhou Yusen, wani masanin kimiyyar soji da aka yi wa ado a Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Soja, wanda ya yi hadin gwiwa da masana kimiyyar Wuhan. Zato ya fado masa bayan cutar ta barke saboda ya samar da takardar shaidar rigakafin COVID-19 tare da saurin gaske a cikin Fabrairu 2020.
A watan Mayun 2020, yana da shekaru 54 kacal, Zhou ya bayyana cewa ya mutu, lamarin da aka ambata kawai a cikin rahoton kafofin watsa labaru na kasar Sin da kuma a cikin wata takarda ta kimiya da ta sanya kalmar "mace" a bango bayan sunansa. An ce shaidu sun shaida wa binciken da Amurka ta yi cewa Zhou ya fado daga rufin cibiyar Wuhan, duk da cewa ba a tabbatar da hakan ba.
A cikin ɗayan gwaje-gwajen dabbar, masanan kimiyyar sun ƙirƙiri wani super-coronavirus mai saurin yaduwa tare da kisa mai ban tsoro wanda a cikin dukkan yuwuwar ba zai taɓa fitowa a yanayi ba. A cikin makonni biyu kacal, kwayar cutar mutant ta kashe 6 daga cikin 8 na beraye kuma bayan kamuwa da cutar, an gano huhun berayen mai kama da mutum yana dauke da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta har sau 10,000 fiye da kwayar cutar ta asali.
Lokacin da Daszak ya gabatar da bukatar sabunta tallafin ga NIH, bai ambaci mutuwar ba amma ya yi iƙirarin cewa berayen sun sami "alamun SARS masu laushi" lokacin da suka kamu da kwayar cutar ta mutant. A ƙarshe ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da sakamakon gwajin da aka yi ga hukumomin Amurka a cikin wani rahoto bayan cutar ta COVID-19 kuma a yanzu ya yi iƙirarin cewa bayaninsa na 2018 game da cutar “mai laushi” ta dogara ne akan sakamakon farko - kodayake gwajin ya yi watanni da yawa kafin ya fitar da sanarwar ƙarya.
Masu binciken na Amurka sun yi magana da wasu masu bincike guda biyu da ke aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Amurka wadanda ke aiki tare da Cibiyar Wuhan a lokacin barkewar cutar. Sun ce masanan kimiyyar Wuhan sun shigar da wuraren da ake cire furin a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin 2019 daidai yadda aka tsara a aikace-aikacen tallafin kuɗi na Daszak. Sun kuma ga shaidar cewa cibiyar tana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen "jere-tsare na wucewa" inda aka zaɓi mafi yawan nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta don maimaita gwaje-gwaje don samar da nau'i mai kisa da sauri fiye da abin da zai yiwu dangane da juyin halitta.
The Lancet ta rawar a cikin rufin asiri
A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2020, ƙungiyar likitocin ƙwayoyin cuta da sauransu sun buga wani Lancet wasika, wanda ya hana muhawara game da asalin COVID-19. Wannan shine lokacin mafi duhu a kimiyya a rayuwata.
Peter Daszak ya shirya kuma ya tsara shirin a asirce Lancet harafi. Mafi munin sashe na wasiƙar ita ce: "Saurin raba bayanai cikin sauri, buɗewa, da gaskiya game da wannan barkewar yanzu ana fuskantar barazanar jita-jita da jita-jita game da asalinta. Mun tsaya tare don yin Allah wadai da ka'idodin makircin da ke nuna cewa COVID-19 ba shi da asalin halitta…
Babu raba bayanai. Kasar Sin ta boye duk wani abu da zai iya cutar da su a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin cutar ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwajen da ba a sani ba game da kwayar cutar corona da kuma yin watsi da umarnin aminci a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Abin ban tsoro ne a yi iƙirarin cewa zubar da jini dole ne ya zama makirci. Kwayar cutar ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari suna faruwa kusan kowace shekara. Kwayar cutar SARS, wacce ke da alhakin Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Kwalara wacce ta bulla daga jemagu na kasar Sin a shekarar 2003 ta fito daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu a kasar Sin, da kuma cutar murar H1977N1 ta 1 wacce ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane kusan 700,000, ita ma ta tsere daga kasar Sin.
Babu shakka, idan kwayar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 ta kubuta daga binciken Daszak da aka samu, zai iya zama mai laifi. Ya bukaci abokan aikin da ke da hannu wajen gudanar da bincike don kar su sanya hannu a wasikar, domin a boye alakarta, inda ya shaida wa daya daga cikinsu cewa: “Sa’an nan za mu fitar da ita ta hanyar da ba za ta danganta ta da hadin gwiwarmu ba don haka za mu kara karfin murya mai zaman kanta.”
Bayan shekaru 1.5 tare da zaluntar Daszak, karya, da girman kai. a karshe mutane sun sami isasshen abinci. A cikin Satumba 2021, gungun masana kimiyya, kungiyar Paris, sun yi kira da a cire shi a cikin wata wasika da suka aika zuwa NIH da Sashen Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a saboda ya “kire mahimman bayanai kuma ya yaudari ra’ayin jama’a ta hanyar bayyana karya." Sun ambaci wani sakon twitter inda Daszak ya ce dakunan gwaje-gwajen kasar Sin da ya yi aiki da su ba su taba rike jemagu ba, duk da cewa ta hanyar asusun na masana kimiyya na Wuhan, jemagu masu rai sun kasance a wurin tun a kalla 2009.
karshe
COVID-19 annoba ce da bai kamata ta taɓa faruwa ba. Yana da matukar damuwa cewa WHO da gwamnatocinmu ba su yi kira da a hana wannan wasa mai hatsarin gaske ba tare da bincike na wuta wanda bai haifar da wani abu mai amfani ba face mutuwar sama da mutane miliyan 7.
Kimiyya game da yiwuwar. Lokacin da na yi la'akari da rashin daidaituwa na bayani daban-daban, ba ni da shakka cewa cutar ta samo asali ne ta hanyar lebur a Wuhan kuma an kera kwayar cutar a can. Rufe asalin SARS-CoV-2 shine mafi muni a tarihin likita. Wannan zai tsaya a matsayin ginshiƙin kunya a ƙarni masu zuwa.
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Dokta Peter Gøtzsche shi ne ya kafa Cochrane Haɗin kai, wanda da zarar an yi la'akari da babbar ƙungiyar bincike ta likita mai zaman kanta ta duniya. A cikin 2010 Gøtzsche an nada shi Farfesa na Tsarin Bincike na Clinical da Bincike a Jami'ar Copenhagen. Gøtzsche ya buga fiye da 100 takardu a cikin "manyan biyar" mujallolin likita (JAMA, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, British Medical Journal, da Annals of Internal Medicine). Gøtzsche ya kuma rubuta litattafai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya da suka hada da Magungunan Mutuwa da Laifukan Tsara.
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