Allah ne ya yi duniya, amma mutanen Holland sun yi Holland. Wannan gaskiyar ta jagoranci asalin Dutch da nagarta ta jamhuriya. Lokacin da ƙwararrun ƴan ƙasar Holland suka kwato ƙasar daga teku, gonaki ne kuma waɗannan gonaki da manoma sun ciyar da mutanen Holland, Turai da duniya tsawon ƙarni.
Hoton da aka nuna anan shine sanannen aikin Paulus Potter The Bull.
An halicce shi a 1647, Potter yana da shekaru 22 lokacin da ya zana shi kuma bai cika shekaru 30 ba lokacin da ya mutu. Shahararren saboda girman girmansa, cikakken haƙiƙanin haƙiƙa wanda ya haɗa da dung da kwari da kuma a matsayin sabon hoto mai girma na dabba, An fahimci Bull a matsayin alama ce ta al'ummar Holland da wadatarta.
Zamanin Golden Age na Holland ya haifar da wani bangare daga ƙirƙirar Jamhuriyar Holland wanda aka sassaka ta hanyar cin nasara da mulkin Spain a cikin Netherlands. Ƙarmar Jamhuriyar Holland ta zama ƙarfin sojan ruwa na duniya da kuma al'adu. Yaren mutanen Holland sun kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi na gargajiya kuma sun yi imani da 'yanci na mutum guda kamar 'yancin yin addini, magana da ƙungiya.
An yi la'akari da Jamhuriyar Holland don haɓakar tattalin arziki da haɓakawa ciki har da fitowar kayayyaki da kasuwannin hannun jari. Sabuwar bourgeoisie da aka haƙa ta haifar da kasuwa na zamani na farko don masu fasaha don siyar da aikinsu kuma ya 'yantar da su daga wajibcin kwamitocin daga Coci da manyan sarakuna. Wannan yana nunawa a cikin batun yawancin fasahar zamanin Golden Age na Holland tare da kwatanta rayuwar yau da kullum. Zanen Potter daga wannan zamanin ne.
Amma aikinsa ya bayyana wata gaskiya. Zaman zinaren Holland ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da gonakinsa ba. Abinci shine ginshikin duk wani wayewa mai nasara, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa labarin da gwamnatin Holland ke shirin rufe kusan gonaki 3,000 saboda "rikicin nitrogen" yana da ban mamaki.
Kamar yadda Natasja Oerlemans na Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya-Netherland kwanan nan ya bayyana, "Ya kamata mu yi amfani da wannan rikicin don canza aikin noma." Ta ci gaba da cewa tsarin zai bukaci shekaru da dama da kuma biliyoyin Yuro don rage yawan dabbobi.
Don haka, menene ainihin batun batun nitrogen da noman Holland?
Rikicin nitrogen al'amari ne na tsarin mulki da laka wanda yanzu kuma zai ƙara yin tasiri ga dukkan al'ummar Holland. A cikin 2017 wani ƙaramin NGO, Mobilisation for Environment, wanda ɗan lokaci mai kula da muhalli Johan Vollenbroek ya jagoranta, ya je Kotun Shari'a ta Turai (ECJ) don ƙalubalantar ayyukan Holland na yanzu wanda ke kare wuraren halitta daga gurɓataccen nitrogen.
A cikin 2018, ECJ ta yanke hukunci a cikin hukuncin kotu cewa dokar Holland, wacce ta ba da izinin kasuwanci don rama karuwar hayakin nitrogen tare da matakan fasaha da maidowa, ya kasance mai sassauci. Babbar kotun kasar Holland ta amince da hukuncin. A cikin haka an dakatar da ayyukan gine-gine kusan 20,000, tare da dakile fadada ayyukan gonaki da kiwo, sabbin gidaje, tituna, da titin jirgin sama. Wadannan ayyukan suna da darajar Yuro biliyan 14 na ayyukan tattalin arziki.
Noma yana da yawa a cikin Netherlands saboda ƙaramar ƙasa ce mai yawan yawan jama'a. Bisa lafazin Science Mujallar ''Gonakin kasar Holland na dauke da kwayoyin halittun dabbobi sau hudu a kowace hekta fiye da matsakaicin EU.'' Amma kuma sun nuna cewa ''Harukan da suka hada da allurar taki a cikin kasa da sanya na'urar wanke iska kan alade da wuraren kiwon kaji ya rage fitar da ammonia da kashi 60% tun daga shekarun 1980.''
Ana ganin waɗannan tsare-tsare na sassautawa ba su isa ba idan aka yi la’akari da hukunce-hukuncen kotuna. Ammoniya wani bangare ne na sake zagayowar nitrogen kuma wani abu ne na sharar dabbobin gona.
Babban abin da ke damun masu kula da muhalli shine abin da ake kira '' tururin taki '' daga sharar dabbobi. Kamar methane daga farting shanu, taki tururi ne babban abu da katzenjammer na motsi a kan nama da kiwo.
Manomin Dutch Klass Meekma, wanda ke samar da madara daga awakin da ya kiwata ya ce kwanan nan, "Ka'idojin nitrogen suna ɗokin yin amfani da su ta hanyar gwagwarmayar kare dabbobi don kawar da yawancin gonakin dabbobi kamar yadda za su iya, ba tare da kwata-kwata ba ga abin da gonakin dabbobi na Dutch suka samu dangane da ingancin abinci, amfani da ragowar masana'antar abinci, kula da dabbobi, sanin tattalin arziki, da tattalin arziki." Awakin Meekma ya samar da madara fiye da galan 265,000 a shekarar 2019.
A hanyoyi da yawa, manoman Holland sun kasance wadanda ke fama da nasarar nasu. Saboda Holland yana da ƙananan, manoma sun buƙaci su zama masu ƙwarewa a cikin amfani da sararin samaniya wanda ke da matsayi mafi girma na "biomass" idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Nasarar ayyukan noma da samar da abinci ya haifar da riba da kuma babban fannin tattalin arziki ga tattalin arzikin Holland. Abin sha'awa, Netherlands ita ce ta biyu mafi yawan fitar da abinci a duniya.
Babban yunƙurin yaƙi da noma na Holland ya fito ne daga al'ummar canjin yanayi da ministar yanayi da nitrogen Christianne van der Wal. Ta ce a cikin wata wasika da ta aike wa 'yan siyasa a shekarar 2021, "Babu wata gaba (na noma) idan noma ya haifar da raguwar kasa, ruwan karkashin kasa da ruwan sama, ko kuma lalata yanayin halittu." Ta sanar da sabbin takunkumin rage hayakin nitrogen da rabi nan da shekara ta 2030, don cimma muradun ayyukan sauyin yanayi na kasa da kasa.
Babu wanda ke son kwararar ruwa daga gonaki da ke cutar da rafuka da namun daji. Amma mayar da hankali kan tururin taki; wato nitrogen da ammonia da ke shiga cikin yanayi da tasirin yanayin da alama sun fi tsauri. Babban Turai ya kasance kamar Serengeti na Afirka, yana cike da garken garken dabbobi masu yawa kamar aurochs. Washegarensu da sharar da suka yi ya lalata yanayi?
Yanayin yana canzawa. Yanayin ya canza koyaushe. Shekarun Bronze Turai, lokacin al'adu na musamman, ya fi zafi fiye da yau.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa fannin noma shine abin da aka mayar da hankali kan koma baya yayin da ake kula da sauran masu gurbata yanayi daban-daban. Farmer Meekma ya ce,
"Tun daga wancan lokacin (hukunce-hukuncen kotu) kasarmu tana fama da abin da ake kira matsalar nitrogen, abin kunya ne cewa filin jirgin saman kasar Schiphol Amsterdam da kamfanonin masana'antu da yawa ba su da izinin yanayi, kuma manoma yanzu ana sadaukarwa don sauƙaƙe waɗannan ayyukan."
"Abin kunya ne kwarai da gaske yadda ake yiwa manoma a Netherlands, ana tura su don samar da damar masana'antu, sufurin jiragen sama, sufuri, filayen hasken rana da kuma gidaje na karuwar yawan bakin haure."
Mafi yawan iskar nitrogen da aka “ceto” daga tsare-tsaren gwamnati za a yi amfani da su wajen rage hayakin da aka samu daga gina gidaje 75,000. Kashi 30 cikin XNUMX ne kawai zai haifar da raguwar fitar da hayaki.
Firayim Ministan Holland kuma fitaccen mashawarcin WEF Mark Rutte ya yarda cewa matakin na noma zai haifar da "babban sakamako. Na fahimci hakan, kuma yana da muni."
Akwai misalan tarihi da yawa na matsin lamba na siyasa akan noma a matsayin bala'i, daga Ukraine a cikin Tarayyar Soviet zuwa Zimbabwe. Dukansu kwandon burodi ne kuma masu fitar da kayayyaki sun ragu zuwa yunwa. Sarrafa samar da abinci wani abu ne da 'yan siyasa a ko da yaushe ke son cimmawa. Rikicin nitrogen, gwagwarmaya ce ta masu akidar birane da hanyoyin rayuwa na gargajiya da kuma dogaro da kai. Sakamakon yakin da ake yi a Ukraine da rushewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki daga cutar ta kwalara, mutane da yawa a duniya suna fuskantar yunwa. Wannan ba lokaci ba ne da Turai za ta cutar da mafi kyawun masana'antar noma.
Manoman Holland sun kasance suna jin daɗi lokacin da ƙwanƙwasa ya zama tsinke. Masu ra'ayin kyamar nama suna son mutane su ci gaba da rayuwa ta hanyar yankan ciyawa da bindigar da Bill Gates ya yi. Manoman Dutch suna ciyar da duniya. Halin su ma namu ne.
Rikicin nitrogen yana da waft na bullshit sosai.
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Michael Amundsen, PhD, malami ne kuma marubuci wanda ya koyar a jami'o'i a Turai da Amurka. Ya ba da gudummawa ga Financial Times, Christian Science Monitor da sauran wallafe-wallafe.
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