A cikin 2022, mpox (wanda aka fi sani da ƙwayar biri) ya ja hankalin duniya, lokacin da fiye da ƙasashe 20 suka ba da rahoton kamuwa da cuta ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a watan Mayu na waccan shekarar. Hakan ya kai ga Darakta-Janar na WHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, ya ayyana barkewar cutar mpox da ta shafi clade IIb na kwayar cutar a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da kuma fadada ta zuwa kasashe makwabta, gaggawar lafiya a duniya.
Kwayar cutar kyandar biri wani bangare ne na iyali guda na ƙwayoyin cuta (orthopoxviruses) kamar ƙanƙara amma ba ta da tsanani. A cikin 1980, Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ta sanar da cewa an kawar da cutar sankara kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa duk ƙasashe su daina allurar rigakafi. Ko da yake dakunan gwaje-gwaje a cikin ƙasashe biyu har yanzu suna adana samfuran ƙwayar cuta (Amurka da Rasha).
An fara gano Mpox a Denmark, a shekara ta 1958, lokacin da bullar wata cuta mai kama da kaifi biyu ta faru a cikin birai, wanda shine yadda aka samu sunansa - ko da yake ba a ɗaukar birai a matsayin tafki na ƙwayar cuta. An ce ba a san inda cutar ta bulla ba.
A cikin 1970, an yi rikodin shari'ar ɗan adam ta mpox na farko a cikin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Wannan ya kasance a lokacin da ake kawar da cutar sankarau. Ana ganin cutar tana da yawa a kasashen da ke tsakiyar Afirka da kuma yammacin Afirka. Barkewar cutar ta ta'allaka ne a tsakanin mazan da ke jima'i da maza.
A ƙarshen Satumba 2023, an gano bullar wani sabon nau'in ƙwayar cuta a tsakiyar Afirka. Ya zuwa watan Agustan 2024, an sami rahoton bullar cutar sama da 21,000, tare da asarar rayuka sama da 600, kusan duka a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.
A ranar 14 ga Agusta, 2024, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana cutar a matsayin gaggawar lafiyar jama'a ta damuwa ta duniya (PHEIC).
Wata daya bayan sanarwar ta WHO, karamin kamfanin fasahar kere-kere na Danish, Bavarian Nordic, ya zama na farko a duniya da ya samu. yarda don maganin cutar sankarau, JYNNEOS (wanda aka fi sani da Ivamune ko Imvanex a duniya), da farko an yi shi don ciwon ƙanƙara amma ba a cika amfani da shi ba.
A cikin watan Satumba 2001 harin anthrax, Shugaba George W. Bush ya sanya hannu kan dokar Dokar BioShield Project na 2004 (Project BioShield) "a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban dabarun kare Amurka daga barazanar makamai na hallaka jama'a. Manufar Project BioShield shine don hanzarta bincike, ci gaba, sayayya, da kuma samar da ingantattun matakan rigakafin likita game da barazanar halittu, sinadarai, rediyo, da barazanar nukiliya (CBRN). "
Project Bioshield shiri ne na shekaru goma wanda Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Biomedical (BARDA), wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Amurka (HHS) ke gudanarwa.
Dokar ta bukaci dala biliyan 5 don siyan allurar rigakafin da za a yi amfani da su a yayin harin ta'addanci, don amfanin farar hula. Tun daga shekara ta 2001, gwamnatin Amurka ta ware dala biliyan 50 don magance barazanar makamai masu guba.
Wani muhimmin sashi na Dokar ya ba da damar tarawa da rarraba alluran rigakafin da ke da su ba a gwada lafiyar ko inganci a cikin mutane ba, "saboda matsalolin da'a." Wannan saboda ba za a iya gwada wakilan a cikin mutane ba tare da nuna su ga barazanar ba - maimakon haka an yi amfani da gwajin dabbobi don tabbatar da inganci.
An samar da rigakafin cutar sankarau na Bavarian Nordic a ƙarƙashin Project Bioshield. Gwamnatin Amurka ta yi haɗin gwiwa da ita don haɓaka Jynneos, da farko don hana ƙwayar cuta a yayin harin ta'addanci. Wani dabara, "haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu," wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar harbin dala biliyan shine haɗin gwiwar Moderna tare da Cibiyar Binciken Alurar riga kafi ta NIH. Harbin tushen Covid mRNA, Spikevax, ya zama na farko na Moderna (bayan shekaru goma na kasa kawo magani ko rigakafin zuwa kasuwa) kuma mafi kyawun samfuri.
Shugaban Bavarian Nordic kuma Shugaba Paul Chaplin ya ce:
Jynneos kuma shine farkon rigakafin cutar sankarau da aka samu nasarar haɓakawa a ƙarƙashin Project BioShield, shirin da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta ƙirƙira a cikin 2004 don haɓaka bincike, haɓakawa, sayayya, da wadatar hanyoyin magance magunguna a kan ƙwayoyin halitta, sinadarai, rediyo, da makaman nukiliya (CBRN) ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ba a cika yin amfani da maganin baƙar fata na Bavarian Nordic amma a kan dugadugan WHO ta sanar da mpox a matsayin PHEIC, umarni ya fara ambaliya daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
A watan Satumba na 18, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, "ya ba da sanarwar yarjejeniyar siyan gaba (APA) don tabbatar da allurai 500,000 na rigakafin MVA-BN® mpox (wanda aka sayar da shi azaman JYNNEOS® ko IMVANEX®) da za a ba da shi ga ƙasashe a Afirka da fashewar mpox ta shafa."
A gefe guda - a cikin Yuni 2001, 'yan watanni kafin harin anthrax wanda ya kai ga Project Bioshield, wani atisayen horar da ta'addanci, mai suna "Dark Winter” ya kwaikwayi wani harin bom a boye a kan Amurka. Yunkurin hadin gwiwa ne karkashin jagorancin Cibiyar Johns Hopkins don Dabarun Kare Kayayyakin Halitta, Cibiyar ANSER na Tsaron Cikin Gida, da Cibiyar Tunawa da Ta'addanci ta Kasa ta Oklahoma City.
Wadanda suka halarci taron sun hada da 'yan majalisa da dama, tsohon darektan CIA (James Woolsey), Tara O'Toole (sa'an nan kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Johns Hopkins na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, yanzu Darakta na asusun shinge na CIA In-Q-Tel), da kuma tsohon mataimakin darektan Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta CIA (Ruth David) da kuma zaɓaɓɓun 'yan jarida.
Wadanda suka shiga cikin "Dark Winter" sun binciko dabarun sanya keɓe masu tilastawa; tantancewa; tilas abin rufe fuska, kulle-kulle, da allurar rigakafi; da kuma faɗaɗa ikon 'yan sanda a matsayin kawai martanin hankali game da cutar. Sau da yawa, an karɓi waɗannan dabarun azaman matakan magance Covid, shekaru da yawa bayan haka.
Wanda ya shirya wannan kwaikwaiyon annoba tsohon likitan Sojan Sama ne Robert Kadlec, wanda kuma ya faru ya jagoranci "Crimson Contagion" a cikin 2019 - wani nau'i na annoba wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a (HHS) ke gudanarwa wanda ya shafi yanayin da gungun 'yan yawon bude ido da suka dawo daga China suka yada kwayar cutar mura a Amurka.
Robert Kadlec ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a (Shiri da Amsa) daga 2017-2021. Ya kasance alhakin halittar Gudun paukar Warp, shirin bunkasa rigakafin cutar Covid.
Alurar riga kafi na biyu wato amince ta Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) don rigakafin mpox shine ACAM2000, a ranar 29 ga Agusta, ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Samun Sabbin Magunguna (EA-IND) yarjejeniya.
ACAM2000 an ƙera shi ta hanyar rigima, Emergent BioSolutions. An fara amincewa da shi don rigakafin ƙwayar cuta a cikin 2007.
Abubuwan illa na ACAM2000 suna yin karatu mai ban tsoro.
Ba wai kawai an lissafta mutuwa a matsayin "mai tsanani mai rikitarwa" ba amma abin ban tsoro jagorar magunguna na FDA ya ce: "ACAM2000 ya ƙunshi kwayar cutar alurar riga kafi wanda za'a iya yadawa ga mutanen da ke da kusanci da maganin kuma haɗarin abokan hulɗa iri ɗaya ne da na maganin."
Ma'ana cewa hatta mutanen da suka yi mu'amala da wanda aka yi wa allurar na iya mutuwa. The marufi saka har ma ya faɗi wannan: “An kuma bayar da rahoton mutuwa a cikin mutanen da aka yi wa allurar rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da gangan.”
A cewar CDC:
Saukewa: ACAM2000 allurar rigakafi ce ta ƙarni na biyu da ke ɗauke da kwayar cutar alurar riga kafi wanda ke yin kwafi mai inganci a cikin ɗan adam. Emergent Bio Solutions ne ke ƙera shi kuma ana nuna shi don rigakafin ƙwayar cuta. An yi shi don amfani da mpox a cikin fashewar clade II a ƙarƙashin wani Ƙarfafa Samun Samun Sabbin Magunguna (EA-IND) yarjejeniya, wanda ke buƙatar sanarwar izini tare da kammala ƙarin fom...Ko da yake Amurka tana da babban wadata na ACAM2000, wannan rigakafin yana da ƙarin illa da hanawa fiye da JYNNEOS.
Musamman, akan takardar bayanin rigakafin ga sauran rigakafin cutar sankarau, JYNNEOS, ya karanta: “CDC ta ba da shawarar yin la’akari da maganin. ga mutanen da ke gudanar da ACAM2000®, ko kuma wanda ke kula da marasa lafiya da suka kamu da kwayar cutar orthopox."
A watan Yunin bana. Abubuwan gaggawa "An karɓi fiye da dala miliyan 250 a cikin gyare-gyaren kwangila daga Gudanarwa don Shirye-shiryen Dabaru da Amsa (ASPR) a Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Sabis na Jama'a (HHS), don isar da miliyoyin allurai na matakan rigakafin likita guda huɗu (MCMs)… Waɗannan gyare-gyaren kwangilar za su taimaka tabbatar da ci gaba da wadata / tara manyan MCMs don magance ƙananan barazanar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ɗaya daga cikin lambobin yabo ya haɗa da gyaran kwangilar da aka kiyasta a $ 99.9 miliyan don samar da ACAM2000® wannan shekara.
Abin ban sha'awa shine amincewar FDA na ACAM2000 don rigakafin mpox ya zo a kan dugadugan BioSolutions na gaggawa. jingina don ba da gudummawar allurai 50,000 na allurar rigakafinta ga "Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da sauran kasashen Burundi, Kenya, Ruwanda da Uganda da abin ya shafa don magance barkewar cutar.
Har ila yau, abin lura ne cewa ana tara wannan mummunar rigakafin cutar - tare da bayanin CDC "Amurka tana da wadata mai yawa," tare da nuna gaskiyar hakan. Barkewar mpox ya ba da cikakkiyar dama don sauke rarar haja.
Yana da matukar tayar da hankali cewa FDA za ta amince da maganin alurar riga kafi don haka mai cutar da rayuwa ba kawai waɗanda ake ba su ba - amma ga waɗanda za su kusanci maganin. Koyaya, ba kamar harbin Covid na tushen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka yi wa lakabi da “alurar rigakafi,” aƙalla an bayyana illolin a fili a kan jagorar magunguna don samun wani nau'in yarda da aka sani.
Wannan yana haifar da tambayar: ta yaya ACAM2000 mai kisa za ta sami amincewa da farko? Wataƙila, "Dark Winter/ Crimson Contagion" Robert Kadlec da haɗin gwiwarsa na iya ba da amsa.
Kafin Trump ya nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Shirye-shirye da Amsa a cikin 2017, Kadlec a baya ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga kowa face Abubuwan gaggawa. Haka kamfanin fasahar kere-kere na Amurka wanda ya sayi ACAM2000 daga Sanofi Pasteur a shekarar 2017. Kadlec ya kasance mai mallakar wani kamfanin tuntuba RPK Consulting samar da ayyuka zuwa Emergent, ga alama har zuwa 2015. Ya zaɓi kada ya bayyana waɗannan abubuwan a cikin fom ɗin takarar Sanata a lokacin aikin tabbatar da shi a 2017.
A daidai lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki, a cikin wani yunkuri mai cike da rikici-na sha'awa, Kadlec ya matsa kaimi don kara yawan tarin rigakafin cutar sankarau na gwamnati ta hanyar yarjejeniyar sayayya da Emergent BioSolutions. A ƙarshe, HHS da aka bayar kwangilar shekaru 10, dalar Amurka biliyan 2.8 ga kamfanin don siyan rigakafin cutar sankarau a kan farashin baya sau biyu.
Abin lura ne cewa a cikin 1998, Kanar Dokta Robert Kadlec, wanda a lokacin shi ne Daraktan Shirye-shiryen Biodefence a Sashen Tsaro na Gida, ya rubuta a cikin wata takarda dabarun Pentagon cewa: "Yin amfani da makamai masu linzami a ƙarƙashin abin da ya faru na endemic ko na yanayi yana ba da damar yiwuwar ƙaryatãwa. yuwuwar kowane makamin ɗan adam.”
An sake bugawa daga marubucin Mayarwa
-
Sonia Iliya tana da kwarewa a fannin Tattalin Arziki. Tsohuwar mai binciken BBC ce kuma yanzu tana aikin jarida mai bincike.
Duba dukkan posts
