Amsoshin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun fi tasiri idan sun yi tushe a zahiri. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman idan an yi nufin mayar da martani don magance 'gaggawa,' kuma ya haɗa da musayar kudaden jama'a masu yawa. Lokacin da muka sake gano albarkatun, akwai tsada, kamar yadda ake karɓar kuɗin daga wasu shirye-shiryen. Idan martanin ya shafi siyan kayayyaki da yawa daga masana'anta, za a sami riba kuma ga kamfani da masu saka hannun jari.
Don haka, a fili, akwai buƙatu na bayyane guda uku a nan don tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki:
1. Ana buƙatar ingantaccen bayani, a cikin mahallin.
2. Wadanda suke samun kudi ba za su iya taka rawar gani ba kwata-kwata wajen yanke shawara.
3. Kungiyar da ke da alhakin daidaita duk wani martani dole ne ta yi aiki cikin gaskiya, auna farashi da fa'idodi a bainar jama'a.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), wadda kasashe suka dorawa alhakin taimakawa wajen daidaita lafiyar jama'a na kasa da kasa, ta yi adalci wa'azi Mpox (Biri) gaggawa ta duniya. Sun dauki barkewar barkewar Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) da kuma wasu kasashen Afirka ta Tsakiya da ke kusa a matsayin barazana ta duniya, da ke bukatar daukar matakin gaggawa a duniya. A cikin ayyana dokar ta baci. WHO ta bayyana an samu mutuwar mutane 537 a cikin 15,600 ake zargi da laifi lokuta a wannan shekara. A cikin 19th Taron Gaggawa na Agusta akan Mpox, WHO ta fayyace alkalummanta:
A cikin watanni shida na farko na shekarar 2024, 1854 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar Mpox daga Jihohi a yankin Afirka na WHO sun kai kashi 36% (1854/5199) na cutar da aka gani a duk duniya.
Hukumar ta WHO ta sake nanata cewa an sami kararraki 15,000 "masu jituwa a asibiti", da kuma kusan 500 da ake zargin sun mutu. Abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan mutuwar 500 da ba a tabbatar da su ba, daidai da adalci 1.5% na mutuwar zazzabin cizon sauro a DRC a tsawon lokaci guda, an tattauna a cikin wani baya labarin.
Jarida irin su Lancet sun ja da hankali kan layin 'gaggawa' na WHO, kodayake suna lura da cewa mace-mace na iya yin ƙasa kaɗan idan "isasshen kulawa” an bayar. Afirka CDC ta yarda, tare da fiye da 17,000 lokuta (2,863 da aka tabbatar) da 517 (wanda ake zaton) mutuwar Mpox an ruwaito su a fadin nahiyar.
Mpox yana da yaduwa a tsakiya da yammacin Afirka, yana kasancewa a cikin nau'in squirrels, berayen, da sauran rodents. Yayin da aka gano shi a cikin birai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Danish a cikin 1958 (saboda haka mummunar kalmar 'Biri'), mai yiwuwa ya kasance a cikin dubban shekaru, yana haifar da cututtuka na lokaci-lokaci a cikin mutane wanda ke yaduwa ta hanyar kusanci ta jiki.
Ƙananan barkewar cutar a Afirka galibi sauran ƙasashen duniya ba su lura da su ba, musamman saboda sun kasance (kamar yadda yanzu) ƙanana ne kuma an tsare su. Alurar rigakafin ciwon sankara na iya zama maƙarƙashiya har yanzu lambobi a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kamar yadda Smallpox ke cikin kwayar cutar Orthopox iri ɗaya na ƙwayoyin cuta. Don haka, muna iya ganin haɓakar irin wannan rashin lafiya gabaɗaya (zazzabi, sanyi, da kurjin vesicular) a cikin 'yan shekarun nan tun lokacin da aka daina rigakafin cutar sankarau. The Smithsonian mujallar ta sanya wani taƙaitaccen bayani tare a cikin 2022, bayan bullar cutar ta farko daga Afirka wacce ta yadu ta hanyar jima'i a cikin rukunin alƙaluma mai iyaka.
Don haka, a nan muna cikin 2024, a kan wutsiya mai tarin riba-tuki (da talauci) da ake kira Covid-19 wanda ya ba da damar musayar mafi girma na dukiya daga mutane da yawa zuwa kaɗan a tarihin ɗan adam. Sanarwar da WHO ta yi cewa 5,000 (ko ƙasa da haka) da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar ta Mpox shine Gaggawar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Damuwa ta Duniya (PHEIC) tana ba ta damar saurin saurin rigakafin ta hanyar sa. Jerin Amfani da Gaggawa (EUL) shirin, ƙetare ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar da ake buƙata don amincewa da irin waɗannan magunguna, kuma yana ba da shawarar Pharma fara layi.
Aƙalla mai yin magunguna ɗaya ya riga ya tattauna batun wadata Miliyan 10 allurai kafin karshen shekara. The yanayin kasuwanci don wannan hanya, daga ra'ayi na kamfanoni, an tabbatar da shi sosai. Haka kuma illolin da ake samu a ƙasashe kamar DRC, kamar yadda babban shirin rigakafin wannan yanayi na buƙatar tura miliyoyin daloli da dubunnan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya waɗanda in ba haka ba za su magance cututtukan da suka fi girma.
WHO babbar kungiya ce, kuma yayin da wasu suka yi ta neman kudi, wasu kuma suna aiki tukuru don sanar da jama'a daidai (babban alhakin WHO, wanda ke rike da wasu masu sadaukarwa). Kamar yawancin ayyukan WHO a baya, wannan cikakke ne kuma abin yabawa ne. An taƙaita wasu daga cikin waɗannan bayanan a cikin hotuna masu zuwa:
https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/
https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/
Waɗannan ginshiƙi suna ba da bayanai game da shari'o'in da aka tabbatar, inda aka gwada wani da ɗan ƙaramin alamun da ba takamaiman alamun cutar ba kuma an nuna yana da shaidar ƙwayar MPox a cikin jini ko ɓoye. A bayyane yake, ba duk wanda ake zargi ba ne za a iya gwada shi, kamar yadda Mpox ƙaramin lamari ne ga mutanen da ke fuskantar yaƙe-yaƙe na basasa, yawan talauci, da cututtuka masu haɗari.
Duk da haka, WHO ta kwashe kuɗi da yawa don binciken fashewa, haka ma ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, don haka za mu iya ɗauka cewa akwai kyakkyawan ƙoƙari na ganowa da tabbatar da lambobi (ko kuma ina wannan kuɗin ya tafi?).
A cikin shekaru 2.5 da suka gabata, WHO ta tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 223 a duniya baki daya, yayin da shida kacal a watan Yulin 2024 (lokacin da Darakta-Janar na WHO ya gargadi duniya game da barazanar karuwa cikin sauri). Lura anan cewa mutuwar 223 shine kawai 0.2% na 102,997 da aka tabbatar. A Afirka, an tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 26 a cikin 2024 a cikin mutane 3,562 (0.7%), wadanda suka bazu a cikin kasashe 5 (da kasashe 12 masu fama da cutar). Yawan mace-mace kamar mura ne, ba kamar Ebola ba.
Da yake ana iya gwada lokuta masu tsanani fiye da masu sauƙi, adadin masu kamuwa da cutar na iya yin ƙasa kaɗan. Ba mu kuma sani ba (ko da yake wani ya yi kuma ya kamata ya gaya mana) menene halayen waɗanda ke mutuwa. Yawancin a Afirka suna an ruwaito cewa yara ne, don haka yana yiwuwa ba su da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, in ba haka ba suna da rigakafi (misali HIV), kuma suna da abubuwan da za a iya magance su.
Kamar yadda a bayyane yake daga hoto na uku da ke ƙasa, kusan dukkanin mutuwar duniya da aka lissafa a sama sun kasance daga fashewar da ta gabata a cikin 2022. Wannan wani nau'i ne na daban (bambance-bambancen) kuma galibi ya faru a wajen Afirka.
https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da wasu abubuwa a nan. Yana da wahala a tabbatar da duk shari'o'in a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ababen more rayuwa da tsaro. Alamun cutar sankara da alamomi kuma sau da yawa suna da sauƙi kuma suna mamaye wasu cututtuka (misali kashin kaji ko ma mura) da yawa lokuta na iya wucewa ba a ganni ba. Hakanan sanarwar sakamako na iya ja da baya. Duk da haka, da 19 sun tabbatar da mutuwar DRC MPox tsakanin kusan 40,000 DRC zazzabin cizon sauro sun mutu Ya zuwa yanzu wannan shekara kusan 1 ne idan aka kwatanta da 2000. Duk yadda kuka ƙidaya shi, ba zai zama mai mahimmanci ba. Wannan shine yadda sabon gaggawar gaggawa ta ƙasa da ƙasa take a ainihin bayanai, ko kuma idan ku ne yawan jama'ar DRC a Mpox ground zero. Wataƙila ba za ku lura da komai ba kwata-kwata.
Me yasa WHO ta ayyana dokar ta-baci ta duniya? Wasu suna da'awar yana taimakawa tattara albarkatun, wanda ke da ɗan tausayi. Na farko, ya kamata manya su tattauna al’amarin da ya dawwama tsawon shekaru biyu cikin hankali da kuma yanke shawarar abin da ake bukata, ba tare da buga ganga ba. Abu na biyu, barkewar cutar da ke kashe ɗan ƙaramin adadin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro (ko tarin fuka, ko HIV) da ke mutuwa, kuma ƙasa da waɗanda ke mutuwa a yaƙi a halin yanzu, ƙila ba ta zama gaggawa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ba.
Kuma me ya kamata a yi? Karkatar da albarkatu daga manyan abubuwan da DRC ta ba da fifiko babu shakka zai kashe fiye da yadda ake mutuwa a yanzu daga Mpox. Yana da yuwuwa cewa abubuwan da suka faru kai tsaye daga allurar rigakafi kawai za su kashe fiye da mutane 19 na DRC MPox da aka tabbatar a wannan shekara. Wataƙila muna jin daɗin mutuwar Mpox, amma kuma muna ƙididdige adadin mutuwar magunguna.
Wataƙila amsa mai amfani zai kasance don haɓaka ƙwarewar rigakafi ta hanyar abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fa'idodi masu fa'ida sosai (amma gaba ɗaya ya gaza dangane da ribar Pharma). Rabin rabin dala biliyan na Gavi zai ba da fa'idodi masu fa'ida da fa'ida idan aka yi amfani da su wajen tsaftar muhalli. Wataƙila ƙayyadaddun, rigakafin da aka yi niyya mai kyau na iya taimaka wa wasu al'ummomi, amma babu wani shari'ar kasuwanci don irin waɗannan hanyoyin.
Abin da ke bayyane, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shine mai zuwa:
1. Bayanan akan Mpox, da sauran abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, dole ne a ci gaba da nunawa a cikin mahallin, tare da farashi da farashin damar amsawa.
2. Wadanda za su sami kudi daga yin allurar miliyoyin mutane ba dole ba ne su kasance cikin tsarin yanke shawara (ko ana iya tallafawa irin wannan babbar hanyar canja wurin don irin wannan ƙananan nauyin cuta).
3. Ya kamata WHO ta ci gaba da yin aiki da gaskiya, domin jama'a na da cikakken 'yancin sanin abin da suke biya, da kuma illar (da kuma wata kila fa'ida) da za su yi tsammani daga gare ta.
Adadin wadanda suka mutu na Mpox zai karu yayin da wasu suka kamu da cutar, kuma watakila kamar yadda aka tabbatar da wasu wadanda ake zargi. Duk da haka, muna fuskantar ƙananan matsala a yankin da ya fi girma. Yana haifar da ƙananan haɗari na gida da ƙarancin haɗari na duniya. Ba gaggawa ce ta duniya ba, ta kowane mai hankali, mai hankali, ma'anar tushen lafiyar jama'a.
Sauran kasashen duniya za su iya ba da amsa ta hanyar aika alluran rigakafi da ɗimbin baƙi waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa, karkatar da jami'an kiwon lafiya da tsaro na cikin gida da kuma kusan kashe ƙarin mazauna DRC gabaɗaya. Ko kuma, za mu iya gane wata matsala ta gida, mu goyi bayan martani na gida lokacin da jama'ar yankin suka tambaya, kuma mu mai da hankali, kamar yadda WHO ta taɓa yi, kan magance abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka da rashin daidaito. Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke sa rayuwar mutane a DRC ta yi wahala sosai.
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David Bell, Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar Brownstone, likitan lafiyar jama'a ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halittu a cikin lafiyar duniya. David tsohon jami'in kiwon lafiya ne kuma masanin kimiyya a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Shugaban Shirin Malaria da cututtukan zazzabi a Gidauniyar Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma Daraktan Fasahar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya a Asusun Kula da Lafiya na Duniya na Intellectual Ventures a Bellevue, WA, Amurka.
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