Yin amfani da kulle-kulle na duniya a yayin bayyanar sabon ƙwayar cuta ba shi da wani misali. Ya kasance gwajin kimiyya a ainihin-lokaci, tare da yawancin yawan mutane ana amfani da su azaman berayen lab. Tambayar ita ce ko kuma har zuwa nawa ne kulle-kulle suka yi aiki don sarrafa kwayar cutar ta hanyar da za ta iya tabbatar da kimiyya. Bisa ga binciken da ke biyo baya, amsar ita ce a'a kuma saboda dalilai daban-daban: munanan bayanai, babu alaƙa, babu zanga-zangar dalili, keɓantacce, da sauransu. Babu wata alaƙa tsakanin kulle-kulle (ko duk abin da mutane ke so su kira su don rufe ainihin yanayin su) da sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta.
Nauyin hujja da gaske yakamata ya kasance na masu kulle-kulle, tunda su ne suka hambarar da shekaru 100 na hikimar lafiyar jama'a kuma suka maye gurbinta da wani matakin da ba a gwada ba, sama-sama kan 'yanci da 'yancin ɗan adam. Ba su taɓa yarda da wannan nauyin ba. Sun ɗauki abin axiomatic cewa ƙwayar cuta na iya tsoratarwa da tsoratar da takaddun shaida, ƙa'idodi, jawabai, da gendarmes na rufe fuska.
Shaidar kulle-kulle tana da ban tsoro, kuma ta dogara ne akan kwatanta sakamako na zahiri akan mummunan hasashen da aka samar da kwamfuta wanda aka samo daga samfuran da ba a gwada su ba, sannan kawai nuna cewa zaren da kuma "sassan marasa magani" suna ba da bambanci tsakanin ƙirƙira da ainihin sakamakon.
Nazarin hana kulle-kulle, a gefe guda, tushen shaida ne, mai ƙarfi, kuma cikakke, yana gwagwarmaya tare da bayanan da muke da shi (tare da duk lahaninsa) da kuma kallon sakamakon ta hanyar kulawa da yawan jama'a.
Injiniyan bayanai ya haɗa yawancin jerin abubuwan da ke gaba Ivor Cummins, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari na ilimi don haɓaka tallafin hankali don kulle-kulle. Kwayar cutar za ta yi kamar yadda ƙwayoyin cuta ke yi, kamar yadda aka saba a tarihin cututtuka. Muna da iyakacin iko a kansu, kuma abin da muke da shi yana da alaƙa da lokaci da wuri. Tsoro, firgita, da tilastawa ba dabarun sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta ba ne. Hankali da magungunan likitanci sun fi kyau.
1. "Tasirin Cutar Kwayar cuta ta COVID-19 da Amsoshi na Manufofi akan Yawan Mutuwar Mutuwa" ta Virat Agrawal, Jonathan H. Cantor, Neeraj Sood & Christopher M. Whaley. NBER Yuni 2021. "A matsayin hanyar jinkirin watsawar COVID-19, ƙasashe da yawa da jihohin Amurka sun aiwatar da manufofin matsuguni (SIP). Duk da haka, tasirin manufofin SIP akan lafiyar jama'a shine babban fifiko kamar yadda zasu iya samun tasirin da ba a yi niyya ba akan lafiyar lafiya. Manufofin SIP a cikin ƙasashe 19 da duk jihohin Amurka Muna amfani da tsarin binciken taron don ƙididdige canje-canje a cikin adadin yawan mace-mace bayan aiwatar da manufofin SIP, yawan mace-mace yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin makonni masu zuwa na aiwatar da SIP na ƙasa da ƙasa mace-mace yana karuwa a cikin makonni masu zuwa bayan gabatarwar SIP sannan kuma abubuwan da ke ƙasa da sifili suna bin makonni 43 na aiwatar da SIP.
2. "COVID-19 Library. Cike Matsalolin" na Konstantin Yanovskiy da Yehoshua Socol. SSRN Fabrairu 14, 2021. "Bincike: (1) Kwarewar tarihi. Kwayoyin cututtuka irin na mura wani sakamako ne na dabi'a na ci gaban ɗan adam don haka, bai kamata a yi la'akari da barazanar duniya ba. Tarihin mura na Mutanen Espanya da cututtukan cututtukan da ba su da ƙarfi suna da rubuce sosai. Ya tabbatar da cewa matsalolin COVID-19 ba sababbi ba ne, ba kamar yadda gwamnatocin duniya ke ɗaukar matakan da ba a taɓa gani ba kuma tabbas ba su dogara da kowace manufa mai nasara a baya ba. (2) Lafiya da wadata (binciken hadarin-fa'ida). Babban ci gaba a cikin tsawon rayuwa, matsayin lafiya, raguwar mace-macen jarirai - duk sun biyo bayan ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma an bayyana su ta hanyar ci gaban tattalin arziki. Rashin samun kudin shiga yana nufin asarar rayuka. A cikin Isra'ila, alal misali, aƙalla shekaru 500,000 na rayuwa sun yi asarar kulle-kulle. (3) Yanke shawara. Gwamnatoci da yawa sun shirya (shekaru da suka gabata) dalla-dalla shirye-shiryen mayar da martani ga cututtuka masu kama da mura. Shirye-shiryen amsa sun ambaci kulle-kulle a matsayin hanyar mafita ta ƙarshe kawai. Duk waɗannan tsare-tsaren an yi watsi da su a farkon rikicin COVID-19, tare da kulle-kullen zama na farko kuma babban kayan aiki. A gaskiya, ba a yi tattaunawar kimiyya ba. Ba a taɓa yin la'akari da girman asarar rayukan ɗan adam ta hanyar kulle-kulle ba a cikin tsarin yanke shawara. (4) Gudanar da rikici. Hasashen da aka zaɓa don yanke shawara na siyasa a tsanake sun yi kiyasin barazanar, tare da tallafawa matakan wuce gona da iri. Shaidar kulle-kulle tana da ban tsoro, kuma ta dogara ne akan kwatanta sakamako na zahiri akan mummunan hasashen da aka samar da kwamfuta wanda aka samo daga samfuran da ba a gwada su ba."
3. "Tantance Tasirin Zaman Gida na Tilas da Rufe Kasuwanci akan Yaɗuwar COVID-19" by Eran Bendavid, Christopher Oh, Jay Bhattacharya, John PA Ioannidis. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Janairu 5, 2021. " Aiwatar da duk wani NPI yana da alaƙa da raguwa mai mahimmanci idan girma a cikin 9 daga 10 na ƙasashen nazarin, ciki har da Koriya ta Kudu da Sweden wanda ya aiwatar da lrNPI kawai (Muhimmancin tasiri na Spain). Bayan an rage cutar da tasirin lrNPI, ba mu sami wani bayyananne, gagarumin tasiri mai fa'ida na mrNPI akan ci gaban yanayi a kowace ƙasa ba. A Faransa, misali, tasirin mrNPIs ya kasance +7% (95CI -5%-19%) idan aka kwatanta da Sweden, da + 13% (-12% -38%) idan aka kwatanta da Koriya ta Kudu (tabbatacciyar ma'ana pro-contagion). Tsakanin amincewar 95% ya cire raguwar 30% a cikin duk kwatancen 16 da 15% raguwa a kwatancen 11/16."
4. "Ya Bukaci Kulle Corona na Jamus?” by Christof Kuhbandner, Stefan Homburg, Harald Walach, Stefan Hockertz. Gaba: Sage Preprint, Yuni 23, 2020. An ba da shawarar dalilai da yawa na irin wannan raguwar cin gashin kai. Ɗayan shine bambance-bambance a cikin rashin iyawa da hali na iya haifar da rigakafin garken garken a ƙananan ƙananan matakan. Kididdigar bambancin mutum na kamuwa da cuta ko fallasa ga coronavirus yana haifar da matsakaicin kashi 17% zuwa 20% na yawan jama'ar da ke buƙatar kamuwa da cutar don isa rigakafin garken garken, kiyasin da ƙungiyar jirgin ruwa ta Gimbiya ke tallafawa. Wani dalili kuma shi ne cewa yanayin yanayi na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tarwatsewa."
5. "Kiyasin ci gaban halin yanzu na annobar SARS-CoV-2 a Jamus” daga Matthias an der Heiden, Osamah Hamouda. Robert Koch-Institut, Afrilu 22, 2020. “Gaba ɗaya, duk da haka, ba duk masu kamuwa da cutar ke samun alamun bayyanar cututtuka ba, ba duk waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ba ne ke zuwa ofishin likita, ba duk wanda ya je wurin likita ba ana gwada shi kuma ba duk wanda ya gwada inganci ba ana rubuta su a cikin tsarin tattara bayanai. Bugu da kari, akwai wani takamaiman lokaci tsakanin dukkan wadannan matakai na mutum guda, ta yadda babu wani tsarin bincike, komai kyawunsa, da zai iya yin bayani game da tsarin kamuwa da cuta a halin yanzu ba tare da wasu zato da kididdiga ba."
6. Shin cututtukan COVID-19 sun ragu kafin kullewar Burtaniya? by Simon N. Wood. Pre-print Jami'ar Cornell, Agusta 8, 2020. "Wani tsarin matsala na Bayesian da aka yi amfani da shi ga bayanan Birtaniya game da mutuwar COVID-19 da kuma rarraba tsawon lokaci na cutar ya nuna cewa cututtuka sun ragu kafin cikakken rufewar Birtaniya (24 Maris 2020), kuma cututtuka a Sweden sun fara raguwa kawai kwana ɗaya ko biyu daga baya. Binciken bayanan UK ta amfani da samfurin Flaxman et al. da abubuwan da suka gabata akan R.
7. "Sharhi akan Flaxman et al. (2020): Tasirin ruɗi na ba da magunguna kan COVID-19 a Turai" na Stefan Homburg da Christof Kuhbandner. Yuni 17, 2020. Ci gaba, Sage Pre-Print. "A cikin labarin kwanan nan, Flaxman et al. sun yi zargin cewa ba da magunguna da wasu kasashen Turai 11 suka yi ba, sun ceci miliyoyin rayuka. Mun nuna cewa hanyoyinsu sun haɗa da tunani madauwari. Abubuwan da aka zayyana sune kayan tarihi masu tsabta, waɗanda suka saba wa bayanan. Haka kuma, mun nuna cewa kulle-kullen da Burtaniya ta yi ya yi yawa kuma ba shi da amfani. "
8. Farfesa Ben Israel's Analysis na watsa kwayar cutar. Afrilu 16, 2020. "Wasu na iya yin iƙirarin cewa raguwar adadin ƙarin marasa lafiya a kowace rana ya faru ne sakamakon tsauraran matakan kulle-kulle da gwamnati da hukumomin kiwon lafiya suka yi. Yin nazarin bayanan ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya ya jefa alamar tambaya mai nauyi akan wannan bayanin da ke sama. manufofin mayar da martani: wasu sun sanya tsauraran matakan kulle-kullen kai tsaye wanda ya hada da ba wai kawai '' nisantar da jama'a 'da hana cunkoso ba, har ma da rufe tattalin arzikin (kamar Isra'ila); saurin girma da raguwar cutar.”
9. "Tasirin matakan da ba na magunguna ba a kan COVID-19 a Turai: nazari na gwaji" na Paul Raymond Hunter, Felipe Colon-Gonzalez, Julii Suzanne Brainard, Steve Rushton. MedRxiv Pre-print May 1, 2020. "Annobar COVID-19 na yanzu ba ta misaltuwa a cikin tarihin kwanan nan kamar yadda abubuwan da suka shafi nisantar da jama'a da suka haifar da gagarumin dakatar da tattalin arziki da zamantakewar kasashe da yawa. Koyaya, akwai ƙarancin tabbataccen shaida game da matakan nisantar da jama'a ke da mafi tasiri… Daga duka nau'ikan samfuri biyu, mun gano cewa rufe wuraren ilimi, hana taro taro da rufe wasu kasuwancin da ba su da mahimmanci suna da alaƙa da raguwar abubuwan da suka faru yayin da zama a cikin umarni na gida da rufe duk kasuwancin da ba na kasuwanci ba ya da alaƙa da wani ƙarin tasiri mai zaman kansa. ”
10. "Cikakkun manufofin kulle-kulle a cikin ƙasashen Yammacin Turai ba su da wani tasiri a fili kan annobar COVID-19"Na Thomas Meunier. MedRxiv Pre-print May 1, 2020. "Wannan binciken na ban mamaki yana kimanta tasirin cikakken dabarun kulle-kullen da aka yi amfani da su a Italiya, Faransa, Spain da Burtaniya, kan raguwar barkewar COVID-2020 na 19. Kwatanta yanayin cutar kafin da kuma bayan kulle-kullen, ba mu sami wata shaida ta kowane irin ci gaba a cikin adadin girma, ninka lokaci, da yanayin adadin haifuwa ba. Haɓaka yanayin haɓakar matakan kulle-kulle, muna ba da kiyasin adadin waɗanda suka mutu idan babu wasu manufofin kulle-kulle, kuma muna nuna cewa waɗannan dabarun ba za su ceci kowace rayuwa a yammacin Turai ba. Mun kuma nuna cewa kasashe makwabta da ke amfani da karancin takaita matakan nisantar da jama'a (sabanin tilastawa 'yan sanda tilastawa gida) sun sami irin wannan juyin halittar lokaci mai kama da cutar."
11. "Halin annobar COVID-19 a Turai" na Marco Colombo, Joseph Mellor, Helen M Colhoun, M. Gabriela M. Gomes, Paul M McKeigue. MedRxiv Pre-print. An buga Satumba 28, 2020. "Tsarin mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wanda Kermack da McKendrick suka tsara ya ɗauka cewa duk mutane a cikin jama'a suna da saurin kamuwa da cuta. Daga dacewa da irin wannan samfurin zuwa yanayin mace-mace daga COVID-19 a cikin ƙasashen Turai 11 har zuwa 4 ga Mayu 2020 Flaxman et al. ya kammala da cewa 'manyan matakan da ba na magunguna ba - da kuma kulle-kulle musamman - sun yi tasiri sosai kan rage watsawa'. Mun nuna cewa annashuwa da zato na mutuntaka don ba da izinin bambancin mutum cikin sauƙi ko haɗin kai yana ba da samfurin da ya fi dacewa da bayanai da kuma ingantaccen hasashen kwanaki 14 na mutuwa. Izinin gwaje-gwajen da ke rage mutuwar 'ran mutuwar' wanda zai faru idan babu wani irin aiki da kuma sake fasalin mace-mace da kariya da aka yi bayani. Ƙididdiga na ƙofar rigakafin garken garken ya dogara da ƙimar da aka kayyade don rabon rigakafin kamuwa da cuta (IFR): ƙimar 3.2% na IFR yana ba da 262,000% don matsakaicin iyakar rigakafin garken.
12. "Tasirin rufe makarantu akan mace-mace daga cutar coronavirus 2019: tsofaffi da sabbin tsinkaya"Na Ken Rice, Ben Wynne, Victoria Martin, Graeme J Ackland. British Medical Journal, Satumba 15, 2020. "Bincike na wannan binciken ya nuna cewa an nuna matakan gaggawa don yin tasiri sosai wajen rage yawan buƙatar gadaje na kulawa (ICU) amma kuma yana tsawaita cutar, a wasu lokuta yana haifar da ƙarin mutuwar dogon lokaci. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda cutar covid-19 da ke da alaƙa da mace-mace tana karkata sosai zuwa ƙungiyoyin tsofaffi. Idan babu ingantaccen shirin rigakafin, babu ɗayan dabarun ragewa a Burtaniya da zai rage adadin adadin mace-mace da aka yi hasashen ƙasa da 200 000. "
13. "Samar da dabarun nisantar da jama'a don hana yaduwar SARS-CoV2 a cikin Isra'ila- Binciken inganci" daga Amir Shlomai, Ari Leshno, Ella H Sklan, Moshe Leshno. MedRxiv Pre-Print. Satumba 20, 2020. "Ana sa ran kulle-kulle a duk faɗin ƙasar zai ceci a kan matsakaicin 274 (matsakaicin 124, kewayon tsaka-tsaki (IQR): 71-221) rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da 'yankewa, da wariya. Koyaya, ICER zai kasance akan matsakaita $45,104,156 (tsakiyar $ 49.6 miliyan, IQR: 22.7-220.1) don hana shari'ar mutuwa ɗaya. Ƙarshe: Makullin ƙasa yana da matsakaicin fa'ida wajen ceton rayuka tare da tsadar tsada da yuwuwar tasirin tattalin arziki. Wannan binciken ya kamata ya taimaka wa masu yanke shawara don magance ƙarin guguwar wannan annoba. "
14. Kadan Daga Cikin Kyakkyawar Abu Mai Kyau Na Matsakaicin Kula da Kamuwa, ta Ted Cohen da Marc Lipsitch. Epidemiology. 2008 Yuli; 19 (4): 588-589. "Haɗin da ke tsakanin ƙayyadadden bayyanar cututtuka da inganta lafiyar jama'a ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauƙi. Rage haɗarin cewa kowane memba na al'umma zai iya fuskantar kamuwa da cuta yana da tasiri na haɓaka yawan shekarun da cututtuka ke faruwa.
15. "Tunani mai wayo, kullewa da COVID-19: abubuwan da suka shafi manufofin jama'a"Na Morris Altman. Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy, 2020. "Amsar da COVID-19 ya kasance mai cike da rudani don rufe yawancin tattalin arzikin duniya don rage yawan adadin mutuwa da kuma mummunan tasirin COVID-19. Ina bayar da hujjar cewa irin wannan manufofin galibi ana yin watsi da yanayin yanayi yayin da yake yin watsi da abubuwan waje na manufofin, yana ɗaukar lissafin adadin mutuwa daidai ne kuma, haka kuma, yana ɗaukar mai da hankali kan tasirin Covid-19 kai tsaye don haɓaka jin daɗin ɗan adam ya dace. A sakamakon wannan hanya manufofin na yanzu za a iya karkatar da su kuma tare da mummunan tasiri akan jin daɗin ɗan adam. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan manufofi na iya haifar da rashin ganganci ba tare da rage yawan adadin mutuwa ba (haɗa abubuwan waje) kwata-kwata, musamman a cikin dogon lokaci. Irin wannan karkatacciyar manufa kuma mafi kyawun manufa ta samo asali ne daga masu tsara manufofi ta yin amfani da tsarin tunanin da bai dace ba wanda ke da rashi a wasu mahimman fannoni; gazawar ɗaukar madaidaicin macro hangen nesa don magance ƙwayar cuta, ta yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ko kayan aikin yanke shawara, dangane da rashin fahimtar tasirin cutar, da ɗaukar dabarun kiwo (bi-shugaban) yayin haɓaka manufofi. Haɓaka yanayin yanke shawara, gami da samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati da inganta tsarin tunani na iya samun kulle-kulle a duk faɗin duniya don haka samar da mafi girman matakan jin daɗin ɗan adam. "
16. "SARS-CoV-2 taguwar ruwa a Turai: 2-stratum SEIRS mafitacin samfurin" na Levan Djaparidze da Federico Lois. MedRxiv pre-print, Oktoba 23, 2020. "Mun gano cewa kwanaki 180 na wajaba na warewa ga lafiya <60 (watau makarantu da wuraren aiki a rufe) yana haifar da ƙarin mutuwar ƙarshe idan ranar alurar riga kafi ya wuce (Madrid: Feb 23 2021: Dec 28; Paris; 2020; London: Jan 14 2021). Mun kuma tsara yadda matsakaicin matakan keɓewa ke canza yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar ga mutum ɗaya wanda ya keɓe daban da matsakaici. Wannan ya sa mu gane illar cututtuka ga wasu kamfanoni na uku saboda yaduwar kwayar cutar za a iya ƙididdige su kuma mu bayyana cewa mutum yana da 'yancin guje wa ware yayin annoba (SARS-CoV-22 ko wani)."
17. "Shin Lockdown yayi aiki? Kwatanta Tsararriyar Ƙasar Tattalin Arziƙi"Na Christian Bjørnskov. CESifo Nazarin Tattalin Arziki Maris 29, 2021. "Kulle-kulle a yawancin kasashen Yamma sun jefa duniya cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki mafi muni tun yakin duniya na biyu da koma bayan tattalin arziki mafi sauri da aka taba gani a cikin tattalin arzikin kasuwa. Har ila yau, sun haifar da rugujewar haƙƙin asali da kuma rarrabuwar madafun iko a cikin babban ɓangaren duniya yayin da gwamnatocin dimokuradiyya da masu mulkin kama-karya suka yi amfani da ikonsu na gaggawa ba tare da yin watsi da iyakokin tsarin mulki ga aiwatar da manufofi (Bjørnskov da Voigt, 2020). Don haka yana da mahimmanci a kimanta ko kuma har zuwa wane irin kulle-kullen sun yi aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya a hukumance: don dakile yaduwar kwayar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 da hana mace-mace masu alaƙa da ita. Idan aka kwatanta mace-macen mako-mako a cikin kasashen Turai 24, binciken da aka yi a cikin wannan takarda ya nuna cewa ba a danganta wasu tsauraran manufofin kulle-kullen da karancin mace-mace. A takaice dai, kulle-kullen ba su yi aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya ba."
18. ”Facts huɗu masu salo game da COVID-19"(alt-linkAndrew Atkeson, Karen Kopecky, da Tao Zha. NBER aiki takarda 27719, Agusta 2020. "Daya daga cikin tsakiyar manufofin tambayoyi game da COVID-19 cutar sankara ne tambaya na abin da wadanda ba magunguna shisshigi da gwamnatocin za su iya amfani da su wajen rinjayar da watsa cutar. Our ikon gano empirically wanda NPI ta da abin da tasiri a kan cutar watsa ya dogara da akwai samun isasshen m bambancin a cikin biyu NPI ta da kuma hanyar da aka lura da cutar a duk wurare da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya sarrafawa a cikin NPI da kuma hanyoyin da aka lura da su a duk wuraren da ke da cutar. Abubuwan da ba a lura da su ba waɗanda za su iya yin tasiri kan yaduwar cutar. Abubuwan da muka rubuta a cikin wannan takarda sun sanya shakku kan wannan batun…
19. "Ta yaya Belarus ke da ɗayan mafi ƙarancin adadin mutuwa a Turai?” daga Kata Karáth. Jaridar Likita ta Burtaniya, Satumba 15, 2020. “Gwamnatin Belarus da ke fama da rikici har yanzu ba ta damu da COVID-19 ba. Shugaba Aleksander Lukashenko, wanda ke kan karagar mulki tun 1994, ya musanta tsananin cutar, da kin sanya dokar hana fita, rufe makarantu, ko soke taron jama'a kamar gasar kwallon kafa ta Belarus ko faretin Ranar Nasara. Amma duk da haka adadin wadanda suka mutu a kasar yana cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a Turai - sama da 700 a cikin al'ummar miliyan 9.5 tare da sama da 73 000 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar."
20. "Ƙungiya tsakanin zama tare da yara da sakamako daga COVID-19: Nazarin ƙungiyar Buɗe SAFELY na manya miliyan 12 a Ingila" daga Harriet Forbes, Caroline E Morton, Seb Bacon et al., Na MedRxiv, Nuwamba 2, 2020. "A cikin manya 9,157,814 ≤65 shekaru, rayuwa tare da yara 0-11 shekaru ba a hade da ƙarin hadarin da aka rubuta SARS-CoV-2 kamuwa da cuta, COVID-19 da alaka da hadarin kamuwa da cutar, amma an rage hadarin COVID-19 asibiti. 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.92). Rayuwa tare da yara masu shekaru 12-18 yana da alaƙa da ƙaramin haɓakar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2 (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13), amma ba a haɗa shi da sauran sakamakon COVID-19 ba. Rayuwa tare da yara na kowane zamani kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin haɗarin mutuwa daga abubuwan da ba COVID-19 ba. Daga cikin manya 2,567,671> shekaru 65 babu wata alaƙa tsakanin rayuwa da yara da sakamakon da ya shafi SARS-CoV-2. Ba mu ga wani canje-canje a cikin haɗari ba bayan rufe makaranta."
21. "Binciko mutuwar coronavirus tsakanin ƙasa" Daga Trevor Nell, Ian McGorian, Nick Hudson. Pandata, Yuli 7, 2020. "Ga kowace ƙasa da aka gabatar a matsayin misali, yawanci a cikin wasu kwatancen nau'i-nau'i kuma tare da bayanin dalili guda ɗaya, akwai ɗimbin ƙasashen da suka kasa tsammanin. Mun tashi don yin koyi da cutar tare da kowane tsammanin gazawa. A cikin zabar masu canji ya tabbata tun daga farko cewa za a sami sakamako masu karo da juna a duniyar gaske. Amma akwai wasu sauye-sauye da suka bayyana a matsayin alamomi masu dogara kamar yadda suka bayyana a yawancin kafofin watsa labaru da takardun da aka riga aka buga. Waɗannan sun haɗa da shekaru, yawan kamuwa da cututtuka da kuma alamun ƙarancin mace-mace a cikin ƙasashe masu talauci fiye da na ƙasashe masu arziki. Hatta mafi muni a tsakanin ƙasashe masu tasowa-ƙuƙuman ƙasashe a yankin Latin Amurka—sun ga ƙarancin mace-mace gabaɗaya fiye da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Don haka manufarmu ba ita ce samar da amsa ta ƙarshe ba, a maimakon haka mu nemi sauye-sauye na gama gari waɗanda za su tafi wata hanya don ba da bayani da tattaunawa mai jan hankali. Akwai wasu fitattun fitattu a cikin wannan ka'idar, ba kaɗan daga cikinsu ba Japan ne. Mun gwada kuma mun sami son shahararrun ra'ayoyin da ke kulle tare da masu ba da gudummawar nisantar da jama'a da sauran sauran NPIs suna ba da kariya. "
22. "Mutuwar Covid-19: Wani Al'amari na Lalacewa Tsakanin Al'umman da ke Fuskantar Iyakar Matsakaicin daidaitawa." daga Quentin De Larochelambert, Andy Marc, Juliana Antero, Eric Le Bourg, da Jean-François Toussaint. Frontiers in Public Health, 19 Nuwamba 2020. "An lura da adadin mutuwar Covid mafi girma a cikin [25/65°] latitude da kuma a cikin [-35/−125°] longitude. Ma'auni na ƙasa da ke da alaƙa da adadin mutuwa shine tsawon rai da raguwar sa, yanayin lafiyar jama'a (cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka marasa yaduwa (NCD) nauyin cututtuka da cututtuka masu yaduwa), tattalin arziki (samfurin girma na kasa, tallafin kudi), da yanayi (zazzabi, ultra-violet index). Tsananin matakan da aka daidaita don yaƙar cutar ta huhu, gami da kulle-kulle, bai yi kama da suna da alaƙa da adadin mace-mace ba. Ƙasashen da suka riga sun fuskanci tabarbarewar rayuwa ko koma bayan rayuwa, masu yawan samun kuɗin shiga da ƙimar NCD, suna da mafi girman farashin da za a biya. Wannan nauyi ba a rage shi ta wasu tsauraran shawarwarin jama'a ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin asali sun ƙaddara mutuwar Covid-19: fahimtar su na iya inganta dabarun rigakafin ta hanyar haɓaka juriyar jama'a ta hanyar ingantaccen yanayin jiki da rigakafi. "
23. "Jihohin da ke da ƙarancin ƙuntatawa na Coronavirus"da Adam McCann. WalletHub, Oct 6, 2020. Wannan binciken ya kimanta kuma ya ba da matsayi a cikin Amurka ta hanyar jihohi. Sakamakon da aka shirya ya shafi mace-mace da rashin aikin yi.
24. Sirrin Taiwan: Sharhi akan Karatun Lancet na Taiwan da New Zealand, ta Amelia Janaskie. Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Amurka, Nuwamba 2, 2020. "Batun Taiwan ya bayyana wani abu mai ban mamaki game da martanin cutar. Kamar yadda hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ke tunanin cewa za a iya rinjayar yanayin sabuwar kwayar cutar ta hanyar manufofi da martani, abubuwan da suka faru na yanzu da na baya na coronavirus sun kwatanta wani batu daban. Mummunan sabuwar kwayar cutar na iya samun kusanci da yawancin jama'a maimakon siyasa a cikin Taiwan. komai 'ba daidai ba' amma ya haifar da abin da zai iya zama mafi kyawun sakamako dangane da lafiyar jama'a na kowace ƙasa a duniya. "
25. "Hasashen Hasashen Duk Wani Annobar COVID19 Daga Mafi Madaidaicin Layi" by Michael Levitt, Andrea Scaiewicz, Francesco Zonta. MedRxiv, Pre-bugu, Yuni 30, 2020. " Kwatanta wurare tare da mutuwar sama da 50 yana nuna duk barkewar cutar tana da fasalin gama gari: H (t) wanda aka ayyana a matsayin loge (X (t) / X (t-1)) yana raguwa a kan layi a kan ma'auni, ko jimlar Cas (t-1) a kan ma'auni, inda Xath (t) ya ragu a rana. amfani da ln don loge). Matsakanin gangaren ƙasa sun bambanta da kusan kashi uku tare da tsayayyen lokaci (1/ gangara) tsakanin makonni 3 zuwa XNUMX; wannan yana nuna yana iya yiwuwa a iya hasashen lokacin da barkewar cutar za ta ƙare. Shin zai yiwu a wuce wannan kuma a yi hasashen sakamakon da wuri dangane da adadin adadin da aka tabbatar da cutar ko mace-mace? Muna gwada wannan hasashe ta hanyar nuna cewa yanayin lokuta ko mace-mace a kowace annoba za a iya juyar da ita zuwa madaidaiciyar layi. Musamman Y (t) ≡-ln (ln (N/X (t)), shine madaidaiciyar layi don daidaitaccen ƙimar plateau N, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar sabuwar hanya, Best-Line Fitting (BLF). form."
26. "Dokar kulle-kullen da gwamnati ta ba da ba ta rage mutuwar Covid-19 ba: abubuwan da ke tattare da kimanta tsauraran martanin New Zealand" na John Gibson. Takardun Tattalin Arziki na New Zealand, Agusta 25, 2020. "Amsar manufofin New Zealand ga Coronavirus ita ce mafi tsauri a duniya yayin kulle Level 4. Har zuwa dala biliyan 10 na fitarwa (≈3.3% na GDP) an yi hasarar a ƙaura zuwa mataki na 4 maimakon zama a mataki na 2, bisa ga lissafin Baitulmali. Don kullewa ya zama mafi kyau yana buƙatar fa'idodin kiwon lafiya masu yawa don daidaita wannan asarar kayan aiki. Hasashen mutuwar daga nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan ba su da inganci na karya, saboda rashin ganewa. Madadin haka, Ina amfani da bayanan da suka dace, dangane da bambance-bambance a tsakanin gundumomin Amurka, sama da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na waɗanda kawai ke da nisantar zamantakewa maimakon kullewa. Direbobin siyasa na kullewa suna ba da shaida. Lockdowns baya rage mutuwar Covid-19. Ana iya ganin wannan tsarin a kowace ranar da aka yanke shawarar yanke shawara a New Zealand. Bayyanar rashin tasiri na kulle-kulle yana nuna cewa New Zealand ta sha fama da tsadar tattalin arziki don ƙaramin fa'ida dangane da ceton rayuka. "
27. "Lockdowns da Rufewa vs COVID-19: COVID Nasara" na Surjit S Bhalla, babban darektan Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya na Indiya. "A karon farko a tarihin dan Adam, an yi amfani da kulle-kulle a matsayin dabara don magance cutar. Duk da yake hikimar al'ada, har zuwa yau, ita ce kulle-kullen sun yi nasara (daga m zuwa na ban mamaki) ba mu sami wata hujja guda ɗaya da ke tallafawa wannan da'awar ba. "
28. "Tasirin sa-hannun marasa magani akan COVID-19: Tatsuniya na Samfura guda Uku" na Vincent Chin, John PA Ioannidis, Martin A. Tanner, Sally Cripps, MedXriv, Yuli 22, 2020. "Bayyana kan tasirin NPI ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna da matukar damuwa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙirar. Fa'idodin kulle-kulle da ake ikirarin sun yi karin gishiri sosai."
29. "Binciken matakin ƙasa wanda ke auna tasirin ayyukan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen ƙasa da abubuwan zamantakewa akan mace-macen COVID-19 da sakamakon lafiya masu alaƙa." na Rabail Chaudhry, George Dranitsaris, Talha Mubashir, Justyna Bartoszko, Sheila Riazi. EClinicalMedicine 25 (2020) 100464. "[F] kulle kulle-kulle da gwajin COVID-19 mai yaduwa ba su da alaƙa da raguwar adadin lokuta masu mahimmanci ko mace-mace gabaɗaya. "
30. "Tasirin Kullewa akan watsawar Sars-CoV-2 - Shaida daga Arewacin Jutland"Daga Kasper Planeta Kepp da Christian Bjørnskov." MedXriv, Janairu 4, 2021. "Haƙiƙanin tasirin kulle-kulle da sauran NPIs akan watsawar Sars-CoV-2 ya kasance batun muhawara yayin da samfuran farko suka ɗauka 100% mai saurin kamuwa da jigilar jama'a, wani zato da aka sani ga wuce gona da iri, kuma mafi yawan abubuwan da ke tattare da rikice-rikicen bayanan gaskiya ne. m masu canji. Anan, muna yin nazari na musamman game da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ke tasowa daga zaɓin kulle-kulle na sassan Arewacin Denmark, amma ba wasu ba, sakamakon yaduwar maye gurbi da ke da alaƙa a cikin Nuwamba 2020. Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa yayin da matakan kamuwa da cuta ya ragu, sun yi haka kafin kullewa ya yi tasiri, kuma lambobin kamuwa da cuta kuma sun ragu a cikin maƙwabta ba tare da izini ba. Zubewar kai tsaye zuwa ga gundumomin makwabta ko gwajin yawan jama'a na lokaci guda ba su bayyana wannan ba. Madadin haka, sarrafa aljihunan kamuwa da cuta mai yuwuwa tare da halayen zamantakewa na son rai a fili yana da tasiri kafin wa'adin, yana bayanin dalilin da yasa raguwar kamuwa da cuta ta faru a baya da kuma a wuraren da aka ba da umarni da kuma waɗanda ba a ba da izini ba. Bayanan sun ba da shawarar cewa ingantacciyar sa ido kan kamuwa da cuta da bin son rai suna sa cikakken kulle-kullen ba lallai ba ne a kalla a wasu yanayi. "
31. "Bita na Littattafai Na Farko: Makulli kawai Suna da Tasiri kan COVID-19" na Jonas Herby, SSRN, Janairu 6, 2021. "Yaya mahimmancin kulle-kullen tattalin arziki a cikin bazara na 2020 wajen dakile cutar ta COVID-19 kuma menene mahimmancin kulle-kullen idan aka kwatanta da sauye-sauye na son rai a hali? A cikin bazara, gabaɗayan martanin zamantakewa game da cutar ta COVID-19 ta ƙunshi haɗaɗɗun sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a na son rai da na gwamnati. Canje-canjen halayen son rai sun faru ne bisa bayanai, kamar adadin mutanen da suka kamu, adadin COVID-19-mutuwa da kuma kan ƙimar siginar da ke da alaƙa da kullewar hukuma tare da yin kira ga jama'a da su canza halayen sa. Canje-canjen halayen da aka wajabta sun faru a sakamakon hana wasu ayyukan da ake ganin ba su da mahimmanci. Nazarin da ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan canjin ɗabi'a guda biyu sun gano cewa, a matsakaita, canje-canjen halayen da aka wajabta ya kai kashi 9% kawai (matsakaici: 0%) na jimlar tasirin ci gaban cutar da ke tasowa daga sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a. Sauran 91% (matsakaici: 100%) na tasirin ya faru ne saboda canje-canjen halayen son rai. Wannan ban da tasirin dokar hana fita da rufe fuska, wanda ba a yi amfani da shi a duk kasashe ba."
32. "Tasirin sa baki akan COVID-19” na Kristian Soltesz, Fredrik Gustafsson, Toomas Timpka, Joakim Jaldén, Carl Jidling, Albin Heimerson, Thomas B. Schön, Armin Spreco, Joakim Ekberg, Örjan Dahlström, Fredrik Bagge Carlson, Anna Jöud & Bo Bernhardsson . Nature, 23 ga Disamba et 202 ya ɗauki ƙalubalen ƙididdige tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan ba da magunguna (NPI) - an ƙarfafa nisantar da jama'a, ware kai, rufe makarantu, abubuwan da aka hana jama'a, da cikakken kullewa - kan yaduwar cutar sankarau mai saurin kamuwa da cutar coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Dangane da bayanan mace-mace da aka tattara tsakanin Janairu zuwa farkon Mayu 2020, sun yanke shawarar cewa ɗayan waɗannan, kulle-kullen, ya yi tasiri a cikin 10 daga cikin 11 na ƙasashen Turai da aka yi nazari. Koyaya, a nan muna amfani da simulations tare da lambar ƙirar asali don ba da shawarar cewa ƙarshen Flaxman et al. game da tasirin kowane NPIs ba su dace ba. Kodayake NPIs da aka yi la'akari da su sun ba da gudummawa ba tare da shakka ba don rage yaduwar cutar, bincikenmu ya nuna cewa ba za a iya ƙididdige tasirin kowane mutum na waɗannan NPI ba."
33. "Manufar zama-a-gida lamari ne na keɓancewar ɓarna: binciken muhalli na tushen intanet, na RF Savaris, G. Pumi, J. Dalzochio & R. Kunst. Nature, Maris 5, 2021. "Wani samfurin lissafi na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa zama a gida bai taka rawa wajen rage yaduwar COVID-19 ba. Yunkurin kararraki na biyu a Turai, a cikin yankuna da aka yi la'akari da su a matsayin sarrafa COVID-19, na iya tayar da wasu damuwa. Manufarmu ita ce tantance alaƙa tsakanin zama a gida (%) da raguwa/ƙarauwar adadin mace-mace sakamakon COVID-19 a yankuna da yawa na duniya…. Bayan aiwatar da bayanan, an haɗa yankuna 87 a duniya, suna samar da kwatancen 3741 biyu don nazarin koma baya na layi. 63 (1.6%) kawai kwatancen sun kasance masu mahimmanci. Tare da sakamakonmu, ba mu sami damar yin bayani ba idan an rage yawan mace-macen COVID-19 ta hanyar zama a gida cikin ~ 98% na kwatancen bayan makonni 9 zuwa 34 na annoba…. Ba mu sami damar yin bayanin bambancin mace-mace / miliyan a yankuna daban-daban na duniya ta hanyar keɓewar zamantakewar jama'a ba, wanda aka bincika anan azaman bambance-bambancen zama a gida, idan aka kwatanta da asali. A cikin ƙuntatawa da kwatancen duniya, kawai 3% da 1.6% na kwatancen sun bambanta sosai, bi da bi.
34. "Kimanta tasirin manufofin matsuguni yayin bala'in COVID-19"Na Christopher R. Berry, Anthony Fowler, Tamara Glazer, Samantha Handel-Meyer, da Alec MacMillen, Hukunce-hukuncen Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Amurka, Afrilu 13, 2021. "Muna nazarin lafiyar lafiya, halayya, da tasirin tattalin arziki na ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan rikice-rikicen siyasa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwanan nan, tsari-in-wuri a lokacin bala'i na COVID19. Binciken da aka yi a baya sun yi iƙirarin cewa odar matsuguni sun ceci dubban rayuka, amma muna sake tantance waɗannan nazarin kuma muna nuna cewa ba su da aminci. Mun gano cewa umarni-in-wuri ba su da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da za a iya ganowa, kawai ƙaramin tasiri akan ɗabi'a, da ƙananan illa amma illa ga tattalin arzikin. A bayyane yake, bai kamata a fassara nazarinmu a matsayin shaida cewa halayen nisantar da jama'a ba su da tasiri. Mutane da yawa sun riga sun canza halayensu kafin gabatar da odar-in-wuri, kuma umarni-in-wuri da alama ba su da tasiri daidai saboda ba su canza halin nisantar da jama'a da ma'ana ba. "
35. "Bayar da yanayin kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 na Burtaniya daga bayanan mace-macen yau da kullun: Shin cututtukan sun riga sun ragu kafin kulle-kullen Burtaniya?"by Simon Wood. Biometic Practice, Maris 30, 2021. "Abin da sakamakon ya nuna shi ne, in babu zato mai ƙarfi, mafi yawan amintattun bayanan da ake samu a halin yanzu suna nuna cewa raguwar cututtuka a cikin Burtaniya ya fara ne kafin cikakken kullewa na farko, yana nuna cewa matakan da suka gabata na kulle-kulle na iya isa su kawo cutar a ƙarƙashin kulawa, kuma ba kamar yadda cutar ta kasance ta farko ba, kuma ba kamar yadda cutar ta kasance ta farko ba. sauƙi. Irin wannan yanayin zai yi daidai da bayanan kamuwa da cuta a Sweden, wanda ya fara raguwar cututtukan da ke mutuwa jim kaɗan bayan Burtaniya, amma ya yi hakan ne bisa matakan da ba a cika cika ba. "
36. "Manufofin kulle-kulle na COVID-19: Binciken Tsare-Tsare” daga Oliver Robinson, SSRN (a cikin bita) Fabrairu 21, 2020. “Shaidun nazarin halittu daga farkon watanni na cutar sun nuna cewa kulle-kulle yana da alaƙa da rage yawan haifuwa na ƙwayar cuta, amma ƙarancin ƙuntatawa kuma yana da irin wannan tasiri. Lockdowns suna da alaƙa da raguwar mace-mace a cikin nazarin ƙirar ƙirar cuta amma ba a cikin binciken da ya danganci ingantaccen bayanai daga cutar ta Covid-19 ba. Binciken ilimin halayyar dan adam yana goyan bayan shawarar cewa dogon kulle-kulle na iya haifar da damuwa kamar warewar jama'a da rashin aikin yi waɗanda aka nuna suna da ƙarfin hasashen faɗuwa da rashin lafiya idan an kamu da cutar ta numfashi. Nazarin a matakin tattalin arziki na bincike yana nuna yiwuwar mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da illar tattalin arziki ko rashin kuɗi na wasu lamuran kiwon lafiya na iya zarce mutuwar da kulle-kullen ke adanawa, kuma cewa matsanancin tsadar kuɗin kulle-kulle na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar jama'a gabaɗaya dangane da ƙarancin albarkatun don magance wasu yanayi. Bincike kan da'a dangane da kulle-kulle yana nuna rashin makawa na yanke hukunci a daidaita nau'ikan cutarwa da fa'idodi fiye da yadda kulle-kullen ke haifarwa."
37. "Farashin Kullewar Covid/Fa'idodin: Mahimman Ƙimar Adabi"Na Douglas W. Allen. Takarda aiki, Jami'ar Simon Fraser, Afrilu 2021. "Binciken da aka yi na sama da 80 na binciken Covid-19 ya nuna cewa da yawa sun dogara da zato da suka kasance na ƙarya, kuma waɗanda ke da ƙima ga fa'idodi da ƙididdige farashin kullewa. Sakamakon haka, yawancin binciken farashi/fa'ida na farko sun isa ga matsayar da aka karyata daga baya ta hanyar bayanai, kuma waɗanda suka sanya binciken farashi/fa'idarsu kuskure. Binciken da aka yi a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata ya nuna cewa kulle-kulle sun yi, a mafi kyawu, wani tasiri mai zurfi kan adadin mutuwar Covid-19. Gabaɗaya magana, rashin tasirin kullewa ya samo asali ne daga sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a na son rai. Hukunce-hukuncen kulle-kulle ba su sami damar hana bin bin doka ba, kuma hukunce-hukuncen da ba na kullewa sun amfana daga sauye-sauye na son rai na halayen da suka kwaikwayi makulli. Iyakantaccen tasiri na kulle-kullen ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa, bayan shekara guda, adadin mace-macen da ke mutuwa ba tare da wani sharadi ba a kowace miliyan, da kuma yadda ake samun mace-macen yau da kullun a kowace miliyan, ba ta da alaƙa da tsauraran matakan kulle-kulle a cikin ƙasashe. Yin amfani da hanyar farashi / fa'ida wanda Farfesa Bryan Caplan ya gabatar, da kuma amfani da matsananciyar zato guda biyu na tasiri na kullewa, ƙimar kuɗi / fa'ida na kulle-kulle a Kanada, dangane da ceton shekarun rayuwa, yana tsakanin 3.6-282. Wato, yana yiwuwa kulle-kulle zai ragu a matsayin ɗayan manyan gazawar manufofin zaman lafiya a tarihin Kanada. ”
38. Yawancin bambance-bambance a cikin ƙimar COVID-19 tsakanin al'ummomi an bayyana su ta matsakaicin shekaru, ƙimar kiba, da matsayin tsibiri.. by Joseph B. Fraiman, Ethan Ludwin-Peery, Sarah Ludwin-Peery, MedRxiv, Yuni 22, 2021. "Shaida na asibiti sun nuna cewa shekaru da kiba suna haɓaka yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta da watsawa a cikin marasa lafiya guda ɗaya, wanda ke sa su zama abubuwan alƙaluman alƙaluma. Abu na uku, ko kowace ƙasa ƙasa tsibiri ce, an zaɓi shi saboda an zaɓi keɓantaccen yanki na yanki na COVID19. saboda mu'amalarsa da ake tsammani tare da matsayin al'ummar tsibiri tare, waɗannan sauye-sauyen guda huɗu suna iya yin bayanin yawancin bambance-bambancen duniya a cikin ƙimar shari'ar COVID-19, yin amfani da ƙididdiga na ƙasashe 190, ƙirar ƙira mai sauƙi dangane da waɗannan abubuwa huɗu da hulɗar su ta bayyana fiye da 70% na jimlar bambance-bambancen tsakanin ƙasashe Binciken ya ba da mafita don bayyana bambancin bambancin duniya na COVID-80 wanda ya kasance mai wahala a duk lokacin bala'in. "
39. "Sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba na Manufar rigakafin COVID-19: Me yasa Dokoki, Fasfot, da Lockdowns keɓaɓɓu na iya haifar da cutarwa fiye da kyau.” Kevin Bardosh, et al. SSRN, Feb 1, 2020. ”Takaita damar mutane zuwa aiki, ilimi, zirga-zirgar jama'a, da rayuwar zamantakewa dangane da matsayin rigakafin COVID-19 ya shafi 'yancin ɗan adam, yana haɓaka kyama da lalata zamantakewa, kuma yana yin illa ga lafiya da walwala. Aiwatar da alluran rigakafi ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi ƙarfi na shisshigi a cikin lafiyar jama'a kuma yakamata a yi amfani da shi a hankali da hankali don kiyaye ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a da amincewa ga cibiyoyin kimiyya. Muna jayayya cewa ya kamata a sake kimanta manufofin rigakafin COVID-19 na yanzu bisa la'akari da mummunan sakamako da zai iya wuce fa'ida. Yin amfani da dabarun ba da ƙarfi dangane da amana da tuntuɓar jama'a suna wakiltar wata hanya mai dorewa don kare waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin cutar COVID-19 da mace-mace da lafiya da walwalar jama'a."
40. "Bita na Adabi da Meta-Bincike na Tasirin Makulli akan Mutuwar Covid, "Na Jonas Herby, Lars Jonung, da Steve H. Hanke, Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Feb 1, 2020. "Fiye da haka, nazarin stringency index ya gano cewa kulle-kulle a Turai da Amurka kawai ya rage yawan mace-macen COVID-19 da kashi 0.2% a matsakaici. SIPOs kuma ba su da tasiri, kawai rage yawan mace-macen COVID-19 da kashi 2.9% akan matsakaita. Takamaiman nazarin NPI kuma ba su sami wata faffadar shaida ta fa'ida ta tasirin tasiri akan mace-macen COVID-19 ba. Yayin da wannan meta-bincike ya ƙare da cewa kulle-kulle ba su da ɗan illa ga lafiyar jama'a, sun sanya tsadar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a inda aka karbe su. Sakamakon haka, manufofin kulle-kulle ba su da tushe kuma ya kamata a yi watsi da su azaman kayan aikin manufofin cutar. ”
-
Labarai daga Cibiyar Brownstone, ƙungiyar sa-kai da aka kafa a watan Mayu na 2021 don tallafawa al'umma da ke rage rawar tashin hankali a rayuwar jama'a.
Duba dukkan posts
