Ƙaddamar da rubutu ya ba mu damar tabbatar da cewa sassaucin ra'ayi ya fara da Adam Smith da abokai. Liberalism 1.0 shine 'yanci na Smithian.
Na nuna asali, yanayi, da halin sassaucin ra'ayi 1.0 a cikin sabon binciken, "'Liberal' as a Political Adjective (a cikin Turanci), 1769-1824," wanda aka saka a ƙasa.
Takardar ta yi magana ne game da ficewa daga ma'anar da ba na siyasa ba m zuwa ma'anar siyasa ta farko. Smith da abokansa sun yi baftisma ra'ayinsu na siyasa "mai sassaucin ra'ayi." Bayanan sun nuna cewa 'mai sassaucin ra'ayi' ya sami ci gaba na siyasa a karo na farko a kusa da 1769: ka'idodin manufofin Adam Smith da abokansa.
Binciken zai bayyana a ciki Jaridar Tattalin Arziki na Duniya - Schmollers Jahrbuch, a cikin wata fitowar da ta ƙunshi shari'ar Adam Smith 300 taro a Edinburgh a cikin 2023, wanda NOUS Network ta shirya. Ana yin aikawa da izini tare da izinin editoci na musamman.
Jikin shaidun sun haɗa da: (1) rashin faruwa a cikin Ingilishi kafin 1769 (tare da wasu kaɗan); (2) furanni daga 1769 na 'tsarin masu sassaucin ra'ayi,' 'tsarin sassauci',' 'ka'idodin sassaucin ra'ayi,' 'manufofin sassauci,' da sauransu; (3) abin da ya fara a cikin 1770s na amfani da siyasa na 'yanci' a majalisar; (4) faruwar haka a cikin Edinburgh Review, 1802-1824.
Siffar siyasa m Ya zo da rai a kusa da 1769 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da sunayen siyasa liberalism da kuma m fara a cikin 1820s.
Bayanai daga Faransanci, Jamusanci, Italiyanci, da Sipaniya sun tabbatar da cewa Biritaniya ce ta fara samun ma'anar siyasa ta "mai sassaucin ra'ayi."
Ina duba rubutun David Hume da Adam Ferguson, sannan kuma masu sassaucin ra'ayi na Kirista William Robertson da, mafi mahimmanci, Adam Smith.
Na ɗan yi la'akari da ƙididdiga a cikin dorewar baftisma, Edmund Burke, Dugald Stewart, da John Ramsay McCulloch.
Na kuma tattauna "mai sassaucin ra'ayi" a cikin jawabin siyasar Amurka na farko. Na yi la'akari da dalilin da ya sa ba a taɓa amfani da "mai sassaucin ra'ayi" ba a Amurka, har zuwa karni na ashirin, lokacin da "mai sassaucin ra'ayi" ya sami sabuwar ma'anar da ta sabawa ma'anar Smithian.
Wadanda ke goyon bayan sake fasalin da ke rage gudanar da harkokin zamantakewa suna buƙatar suna don wannan hangen nesa na Smithian. Ko wanne suna da muka dauka, wadanda halayensu da ayyukansu ke nuna tabbatar da harkokin zamantakewa za su yi amfani da shi ko kuma su sace shi. Ya kamata mu tuna ko mu waye. Ya kamata mu koma ga babban baka mai sassaucin ra'ayi na shekaru 500 na ƙarshe, tashi daga Kiristendam. Akwai liberalism guda ɗaya kawai 1.0. Mu dawo da shi mu tsaya da shi.
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Daniel Klein farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki kuma Shugaban JIN a Cibiyar Mercatus a Jami'ar George Mason, inda yake jagorantar shirin a Adam Smith.
Hakanan abokin tarayya ne a Cibiyar Ratio (Stockholm), abokin bincike a Cibiyar Independent, kuma babban editan Econ Journal Watch.
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