Buga ta Gurdasani da sauransu [Gur+22] (British Medical Journal, Agusta 2022) yana kawo mayar da hankali da ake buƙata kan jin daɗin yara, ta hanyar nazarin martanin Covid-19 na Burtaniya da ke da alaƙa da yara da makarantu. Duk da haka akwai babban al'amari guda ɗaya wanda takardar ke buƙatar gyara.
Shisshigi yana buƙatar shaida: A cikin kowane martani na manufofin, shisshigi ne mai aiki wanda ke buƙatar shaida, yayin da "babu sa hannu" (watau al'ada) yakamata ya zama tsoho. Mafi ƙarfi nau'i na wannan shi ne tsoma baki da ke haifar da shi cutarwa rushewa suna buƙatar ma fi ƙarfin shaidar kimiyya. Rubutun [Gur+22] yana jujjuya wannan ka'ida a kansa, ta hanyar neman shaida don daidaitawa, yayin ba da ba ko kawai rarraunan shaida don cutarwa da tsangwama.
Mahimmanci, dole ne a lura da hakan rikice-rikice sun cutar da yara fiye da kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2. Jumla ta farko na rubuce-rubucen ta yi iƙirarin cewa Covid-19 ya cutar da yara sosai, yayin da sauran sassan da suka rage ba su lissafa abubuwan da cutar ta haifar ba, amma ta hanyar rugujewar manufofin. Tabbas, ba kawai a cikin Burtaniya ba, amma a yawancin duniya, manufofin Covid-19 masu rikicewa sun shafi yara fiye da kwayar cutar kanta.
A ƙasa, muna nuna bangarori daban-daban na manufofi da kuma shisshigi waɗanda rubutun [Gur+22] ya ba da shawarar, inda kawai aka ba da shaida mara ƙarfi ko kuskure.
Shaida mara ƙarfi, mara kuskure akan SARS-CoV-2 da ke cutar da yara
Babban dalilin yiwuwar tarwatsa rayuwar yara ya kamata ya kasance don m amfani. Don haka tambayar ko kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 ta shafi yara ita ce mafi mahimmanci. Iyakar shaidar da [Gur+22] ta bayar game da wannan tana cikin Tebur-2 na [Gur+22] inda aka ambaci mutuwar mutane 92 tare da Covid-19 akan takardar shaidar mutuwa.
Koyaya, lura cewa Covid-19 ya fi shafar waɗanda ke da mummunan cututtuka (tsakanin yara ko manya). Hakanan, a yawancin lokuta, manya ko yara suna gwada ingancin PCR bayan an shigar da su ga wasu wasu rashin lafiya [DY21]. Don haka, tambayar da ta dace ita ce: ya Covid-19 ya haifar wuce gona da iri idan aka kwatanta da abin da zai faru ba tare da SARS-Cov-2 ba, watau a shekarun baya?
Table 1 ya lissafa jimillar adadin mace-mace a cikin kasashen EuroMoMo [Eur22] a cikin rukunin shekaru 0-14, 15-44, 45-64, da 65-da-da-rukunin shekaru, a cikin shekaru hudu na 2018-2021. Yanzu, jimillar mace-mace ita ce mafi mahimmancin ma'auni na annoba. By wannan ma'aunin, a bayyane yake daga tebur cewa waɗanda ke ƙasa da 45 ba su kamu da cutar ba. Don haka gabaɗaya, shaidar da [Gur+22] ke bayarwa na SARS-CoV-2 sun cutar da yara suna da rauni sosai, kuma bai isa ya ba da hujjar rushe rayuwar miliyoyin yara ba.
| Jimlar mutuwar a 2018 | Jimlar mutuwar a 2019 | Jimlar mutuwar a 2020 | Jimlar mutuwar a 2021 |
| 0-14y ku | 19,601 | 19,527 | 17,858 | 18,568 |
| 15-44y ku | 82,152 | 80,043 | 82,120 | 83,808 |
| 45-64y ku | 457,204 | 446,954 | 468,148 | 483,815 |
| 65 + y | 3,134,658 | 3,118,136 | 3,430,468 | 3,402,766 |
Tebur 1: Wadanne rukuni-rukuni ne ke da cutar ta Covid-19 a cikin kasashen EuroMoMo?Duban bayanai daga Sweden, inda rayuwar yara ba ta cika cika ba, kuma makarantun firamare da aka bude ko'ina, ya bayyana. Hoto 1 ya nuna z-ci na mace-mace na wata-wata a Sweden, da aka yi ƙulla daban don ’yan ƙasa da shekara 65 da kuma ƙungiyoyin shekaru sama da 65 (tushen bayanai: [Swe22]).
Lura cewa cikakken adadin mace-mace a cikin mutane sama da 65 shine kusan kashi 5/6 na yawan mutuwar; da z-ci agnostic ne zuwa cikakkiyar ƙima kamar yadda shi ne ma'auni na al'ada. Adadin ya nuna karara mai nasaba da Covid-19 a cikin watanni na Afrilu 2020, Disamba 2020, da Janairu 2021. Amma wannan yana cikin rukunin shekaru 65+. A cikin ƙungiyar masu shekaru ƙasa da 65, akwai ƙaru da aka gani a cikin Afrilu 2020, amma girmansa yayi kama da na masu girma a cikin rukunin shekaru iri ɗaya a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan. Musamman, tsaunuka a cikin Maris 2015 da Janairu 2016 sun fi girma, kuma wanda ke cikin Maris 2018 kwatankwacinsa, karuwa a cikin Afrilu 2020.
Hoto na 1: z-ci na mutuwar wata-wata a Sweden: ƙasa da 65 da sama da 65 yawan jama'a. Tushen bayanai: [Swe22]
A kan dogon covid: Sauran awo da aka gabatar a cikin Table-2 na [Gur+22] ga da'awar cewa Covid-19 ya shafi yara shine adadin lokuta masu tsawo. Koyaya, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa alamun cutar ta covid suna da alaƙa da bacin rai, ana iya haifar da su saboda rushewar rayuwar yau da kullun maimakon ƙwayar cuta da kanta.Mat+22].
Babu shaida kan kawar da SARS-CoV-2
Rubutun [Gur + 22] ya yi iƙirarin cewa "raguwa kawai ba a jinkirta ba maimakon hana tasirin tasiri ba shi da lahani," amma babu wata shaida da ke tallafawa wannan. SARS-CoV-2 na iya kamuwa da mutane ba tare da nuna alamun cutar ba ko kuma kawai alamu masu laushi. Har ila yau, yana da wasu nau'o'in a matsayin runduna [Bar21; Jac21]. Don haka kawar da shi abin fata ne kuma ba shi da amfani sosai. A kan wannan ƙidaya, ainihin tambayar farko da aka taso a cikin rubutun [Gur+22] don binciken jama'a, akan hana Covid-19 a cikin yara abu ne mai wahala.
Shaida mara ƙarfi, mara inganci akan yara, makarantu sune masu yada Covid-19
Rubutun [Gur + 22] ya sake tabbatar da cewa yara da makarantu mahimmancin yada SARS-CoV-2, amma shaidar da aka bayar anan tana da rauni, har ma da kuskure.
- Yayin da wasu nassoshi (15, 16, 18 a [Gur + 22]) sun dogara ne akan ƙirar da ta dace tare da abubuwa masu ruɗani da yawa, wasu suna samun sakamako masu karo da juna: sama da rabin binciken da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin 24 na [Gur+22] ko dai sun gano cewa makarantu suna ba masu yada mahimmanci, ko kuma kada kuyi la'akari da makarantu kwata-kwata.
- An ambaci nuni na 25 a cikin [Gur + 22] kamar dai yara suna da mahimmanci masu yada SARS-CoV-2, yayin da binciken, wanda ya samo asali ne a Burtaniya, a zahiri ya kammala cewa babu "ƙarin haɗarin mace-mace ta zahiri" ga manya da ke zaune tare da yara [Na +19].
- [Gur + 20] ya kawo nuni na 22 don tallafawa cewa makarantu suna da mahimmancin yada SARS-CoV-2, wani bincike ne daga Sweden; wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar cewa an sami raguwar mace-mace tsakanin 'yan ƙasa da 65 a Sweden (duba Hoto). 1) ko tsakanin ƙasa da 45 a cikin ƙasashen EuroMoMo (duba Table 1).
Don haka nassoshi da [Gur+22] ya ambata game da yara ko makarantu kasancewar masu yada SARS-CoV-2 ba za a iya kiran su da ƙaƙƙarfan shaidar da ke tabbatar da cutar da rayuwar yara dangane da rufe makaranta ko ka'idojin keɓewa.
Shaida mara ƙarfi, mara kuskure akan gwaji da warewa
Kan buƙata da tasiri: Rubutun ya ba da hujjar cewa yakamata a buƙaci masking da gwaji don yaran firamare (jere na "Fabrairu 2021" a cikin Table-1 na [Gur+22]). Ta yi iƙirarin cewa "waɗanda ke zaune a gidajen da yaran da suka isa makarantar firamare suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta," kuma an ambaci nassoshi 34-35-36 a matsayin tallafi. Koyaya, babu wani tunani na 34 ko tunani 36 ya gabatar da kowane bayani don tallafawa da'awar da ke sama. Kuma lalle ne, ambato na 35 a zahiri ya musanta da'awar da ke sama, ta hanyar kammalawa "babu wata muhimmiyar shaida da ta nuna cewa makarantu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaduwa a cikin al'umma."
Akan rashin cutarwa: A cikin Tebura-2 na rubutun [Gur+22], marubutan sun yi iƙirarin "lafin lafiyar kwakwalwa gaba ɗaya bai canza ba." Wannan kawai bai yi daidai da gaskiyar matsalar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa a tsakanin yara da matasa a Burtaniya [Wal21] da kuma Amurka [Shi21] ba.
Shaida mara ƙarfi, ba daidai ba akan abin rufe fuska
Kan buƙata da tasiri: Rubutun [Gur +22] ya kawo nassoshi hudu (lamba 62, 70, 71, 78) a matsayin tallafi ga da'awar "masks sun yi tasiri wajen rage watsawa, gami da a makaranta." Koyaya, babu ɗayan waɗannan gwajin da aka sarrafa bazuwar. Nassoshi 70, 71, 78 ƙididdiga ce mai faɗin yawan jama'a tare da abubuwa masu ruɗani da yawa. Kuma tabbas, tunani 62 ya musanta da'awar ta hanyar kammalawa "Babu wani lamuran watsar da yara zuwa manya na SARS-CoV-2 a cikin makarantu." Har ila yau, yayin da ake buƙatar shaida mai ƙarfi don shiga tsakani na masking, shaidar da aka bayar tana da rauni kuma har ma da sabani.
Akan rashin cutarwa: Rubutun [Gur+22] ya buga wallafe-wallafe guda biyu, nassoshi 77 da 79, don tallafawa da'awar cewa saka abin rufe fuska ba ya cutar da yara. Duk waɗannan binciken ne waɗanda ke auna ikon yara don gane motsin rai a ciki kashe daya saituna. Wannan ba shi da isasshiyar shaida don tallafawa rashin cutarwa a cikin koyo gaba ɗaya, hulɗar abokantaka, da ci gaban zamantakewa, lokacin da yanayin fuska ke ɓoye don mafi yawan lokutan makaranta.
Shaida mara ƙarfi akan allurar Covid-19 ga yara
Duk da yake kowane sa baki yana buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan shaidar fa'ida da cutarwa, wannan ma ya fi haka irreversible aikin likita, kamar maganin rigakafi. Irin wannan ƙaƙƙarfan shaidar ta rasa don rigakafin Covid-19 ga yara. Yana ba da labari cewa rubutun [Gur+22], yayin da ake jayayya game da rigakafin Covid-19 na yara, bai kawo wani bincike guda ɗaya don nuna cewa fa'idodin sun zarce lahani ba. Tabbas, idan aka ba da ƙarancin ƙarancin sakamakon Covid-19 mai tsanani a cikin yara, gwaje-gwajen ba za su iya nuna irin wannan ma'aunin fa'ida ba [PPB21].
Rubutun [Gur+22] yayi jayayya don rigakafin Covid-19 na yara dangane da ma'auni na titre antibody. Amma wannan shaida ce mai rauni, kuma sauran alluran rigakafin da suka gabata dangane da matakan rigakafin sun yi ja baya dangane da sakamakon cututtuka, misali RSV [CHI+69], Dengvaxia for dengue [Pul21].
Summary
A taƙaice, rashin samun kwakkwarar shaida kan duk wani shiga tsakani da cutarwa ga rayuwar yara yana nuna cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan ba su dace ba. Kamar yadda marubutan [Gur+22] suka nuna, gaskiya ne cewa an yi wa yara makamai. Koyaya, ba waɗanda ke ba da shawarar kuruciya na yau da kullun ba, jin daɗi, da rushewa ba su yi hakan ba, amma ta waɗanda ke ba da shawara ga yaran yau. Kara ƙuntatawa akan yara don amfanin manya, ƙuntatawa wanda shaida ke da rauni idan akwai.
References
Adamu Barnes. Gorilla 13 a cikin gidan zoo na Amurka sun gwada ingancin COVID-19. Satumba 13, 2021. url: https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/571939-thirteen-gorillas-in-us-zoo-test-positive-for/ (An ziyarta ranar 08/13/2022).[CHI+69]
JAMES CHIN et al. "Kimanin filin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta syncytial na numfashi da kuma rigakafin cutar parainfluenza mai mahimmanci a cikin yawan yara." A cikin: Jaridar Amurka na Epidemiology 89.4 (1969), pages 449–463.[DY21]
Laura Donnelly da Harry Yorke. Keɓaɓɓe: Sama da rabin asibitocin Covid an gwada inganci bayan an shiga. Yuli 26, 2021. url: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/07/26/exclusive-half-covid-hospitalisations-tested-positive-admission/ (an ziyarci ranar 08/25/2022).[Eur22]
EuroMoMo. EuroMoMo: Hotuna da taswira. Mayu 2022. url: https://www.euromomo.eu/graphs-and-maps.[Na+21]
Harriet Forbes et al. "Ƙungiyar tsakanin zama tare da yara da sakamako daga covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort binciken na manya miliyan 12 a Ingila." A cikin: BMJ 372 (2021). doi: 10.1136/bmj.n628. sake bugawa: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n628.full.pdf. url: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n628.[Gur+22]
Deepti Gurdasani et al. "Covid-19 a Burtaniya: manufa kan yara da makarantu." A cikin: BMJ 378 (2022). doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071234. eprint: https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2022-071234.full.pdf. url: https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2022-071234[Jac21]
Andrew Jacobs. Barewa-Tailed a Iowa Ya Yadu da Cutar da Covid, Nazari Found. Nuwamba 2, 2021. url: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/02/science/deer-covid-infection.html(An ziyarta ranar 08/13/2022).[Mat+22]
Joane Matta et al. "Ƙungiyar Cutar COVID-19 da aka ba da rahoton kai da sakamakon gwajin serology na SARS-CoV-2 tare da ci gaba da alamun Jiki a tsakanin Manyan Faransawa yayin Cutar COVID-19." A cikin: JAMA Hoto Ciki 182.1 (Janairu 2022), shafuffuka na 19–25. Saukewa: 2168-6106. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6454. eprint: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articlepdf/2785832/jamainternal\_matta\_2021\_oi\_210066\_1647627389.165.pdf. url: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6454[PPB21]
Wesley Pegden, Vinay Prasad, da Stefan Baral. Ya kamata alluran rigakafin Covid ga yara kar a sami izinin amfani da gaggawa. Mayu 7, 2021. url: https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/05/07/covid-vaccines-for-children-should-not-get-emergency-use-authorization/ (An ziyarta ranar 09/12/2022).[Pul21]
Yakubu M Puliyel. Kamar Icarus, muna tafiya kusa da rana tare da maganin DNA da COVID-19? Satumba 20, 2021. url: https://caravanmagazine.in/health/the-little-discussed-risks-of-dna-vaccines-against-covid19 (An ziyarta ranar 09/12/2022).[Shi21]
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Official Statistics of Sweden. Kididdigar yawan jama'a. Yuni 27, 2022. url: https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/population/population-composition/population-statistics/ (an ziyarci ranar 07/03/2022).[Wal21].
Katie Walderman. Lafiyar tunanin yara: 'Irin cutar da kai shine mafi muni mun gani.' Dec. 2021. url: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-59576669.
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Bhaskaran Raman malami ne a Sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Injiniya a IIT Bombay. Ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana a nan ra'ayinsa ne na kansa. Yana kula da rukunin yanar gizon: "Fahimtar, Unclog, Rashin tsoro, Rashin tsoro, Buɗe (U5) Indiya" https://tinyurl.com/u5india. Ana iya samun sa ta twitter, telegram: @br_cse_iitb. br@cse.iitb.ac.in
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