Bayan shekaru uku na hasashe, bincike mai ƙarfi ya ƙare tabbatar abin da ɗan adam ya samu daga duk waɗannan shawarwarin abin rufe fuska yayin COVID: kusan Zero. Wannan shi ne hukuncin na baya-bayan nan Cochrane sake dubawa, sau da yawa ana kiransa "ma'auni na zinariya" a cikin magungunan shaida, wanda ya haɗa da sakamakon 78 RCTs da aka yi nazari tare da mahalarta fiye da 6,000. A cikin yawan jama'ar da aka yi nazari, abin rufe fuska, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, ba su yi "kaɗan ba da bambanci" wajen hana COVID ko mura.
Binciken Cochrane ya yi kama da daidaita batun sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya. Abokan adawar abin rufe fuska suna da katin kati. Amma kash, kafa masu fakewa da abin rufe fuska sun amsa da katin kati na nasu: a New York Times Masanin ilimin zamantakewa Zeynep Tufekci ya rubuta, "Ga dalilin da yasa Kimiyya ta bayyana cewa Masks na aiki,” yana nuna a bayani na karin haske daga babban editan Cochrane, Karla Soares-Weiser, cewa ƙarshen bitar ya kasance "a buɗe don rashin fahimta, wanda muke neman afuwa."
Wannan sabon katin trump ya kasance bala'i ga masu adawa da abin rufe fuska - sarauniyar karin magana - kuma cikin sauri ya shiga cikin hoto a tsakanin masu bautar abin rufe fuska, sabon annashuwa cikin adalcin talikan su. Ko da yake lakabin ƙarya ne - kuma ya saba wa rubutun op-ed kanta - kamar yadda aka san shi sosai a cikin shekarun "kimiyya," wani op-ed daga Tufekci, tare da kwarjinin ta preternatural, ya cancanci shekaru da yawa na shaidar kimiyya. Ba da da ewa ba, labarai game da bita na Cochrane, da kuma shekarun da aka tattara nagartattun bayanai da shaidun da yake wakilta, sun nutsar da kanun labarai na yau da kullun game da ƙaramin bayani na Soares-Weiser.
Duk da haka Tufekci's op-ed ya kawo sabon hankali ga tambayar da ta kasance ɗan sirri tun farkon COVID. Daga ina ainihin waɗannan umarnin abin rufe fuska suka fito? Me yasa CDC ta Amurka ba zato ba tsammani ta juyar da doguwar jagorarta kuma ta fara ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska a karon farko a tarihin zamani a cikin Afrilu 2020?
Kamar yadda ya bayyana, a cikin rawar da Tufekci ta kasa bayyanawa a cikin op-ed dinta, ita da kanta da abokin aikinta Jeremy Howard ne suka yanke shawarar fara wannan koma-baya a cikin doguwar jagorar CDC kan rufe fuska. Labarin yadda suka yi, da kuma babban aikin Tufekci a cikin COVID saga, ya yi zurfi sosai fiye da op-ed na kwanan nan.
Tarihi
Jeremy Howard masani ne masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta kuma kwararre na hankali. Wani abu na Sinophile, Howard ya ƙware a Sinanci da akai-akai ya yi kira domin da amfani of bayanai da gwaninta daga China yayin COVID. Howard ya part na shirin shugabannin duniya na WEF na abokantaka na kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru shida, kuma memba na Majalisar AI ta Duniya na WEF na tsawon shekaru uku.
Zeynep Tufekci an haife shi kuma ya girma kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye a Turkiyya kafin ya fara karatu aiki a kasar Amurka, inda nan da nan ta zama wani fitacciyar marubuciya a fannin zamantakewa da fasaha.
Tufekci ya kasance gaba da gaba a kan batutuwa masu zafi a tsakanin manyan duniya. Lokacin da Donald Trump ya ci zabe a shekara ta 2016 kuma 'yan siyasar Amurka sun firgita da rashin fahimtar Rasha a kan layi, ta riga ta yi rubutu a kan wannan batu tsawon shekaru; tun kafin COVID, ita ma ta kasance tana rubuce-rubuce annoba.
Annoba da tantancewa-wadannan filayen Tufekci ne. Dukansu sun haɗa da tambayoyi masu tsauri game da dakatar da haƙƙin ƴan ƙasa, batun da ba ta ji kunya ba. Kamar yadda ta rubuta a ciki Hanyar shawo kan matsala a 2018, "Shi ne (Dimokradiyya-Guba) Zaman Zinare na Magana,” kafofin watsa labarun “suna ɓata yawancin abin da muke tunani game da ’yancin magana—a zahiri, bisa doka, da ɗabi’a:”
Siffofin tantancewa mafi inganci a yau sun haɗa da tsoma baki tare da amana da hankali, ba ɓata magana da kanta ba. A sakamakon haka, ba su yi kama da tsofaffin nau'ikan tantancewa kwata-kwata ba. Suna kama da kamfen na cin zarafi ko haɗin kai…
Ko da a lokacin da manyan dandamali da kansu suka dakatar ko taya wani kashe hanyoyin sadarwar su don keta "ka'idodin al'umma"- wani aiki da ya aikata duba ga mutane da yawa kamar tsoho-fashion tace-ba a zahiri cin zarafi na 'yancin magana ba ne, koda kuwa nuni ne mai girman karfin dandali. Duk wanda ke cikin duniya har yanzu yana iya karanta abin da Tim “Baked Alaska” Gionet ya faɗa akan intanet. Abin da Twitter ya hana shi, ta hanyar korar shi, shine hankali.
Wannan ra'ayin cewa ɓata bayanan ƙasashen waje ya ba da hujjar ba da izini ga ƴan ƙasar Amurka ko da yaushe sleight na hankali ne. "Gwamnatin Putin ta taimaka wa Trump a zaben 2016. Saboda haka, muna bukatar mu yi la'akari da Tim, wani dan Amurka mai 'madaidaicin dama'." Wannan ƙaddamarwa ba ta bi a hankali ba daga jigo. Amma duk da haka mun ga wannan dabarar ma'ana tana haifar da ayyukan "haɓaka bayanai" na gwamnatin tarayya yana ƙaruwa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, musamman a lokacin COVID, kamar yadda yanzu an tabbatar da shi sosai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Missouri da Biden da Fayilolin Twitter. Masu sharhi gabaɗaya sun danganta wannan tsarin sa ido na cikin gida da tunanin rukuni da wuce gona da iri. Don haka yana da ɗan wuya ka ga wani ya fitar da wannan sleight na Orwellian a sarari kuma cikin ƴan kalmomi, tun farkon 2018, kamar yadda Tufekci ya yi a nan.
# Masks4 Duk
Kamar Deborah Birx, Tufekci ya ce Da farko ta firgita game da sabon coronavirus lokacin da ta ga Xi Jinping ya rufe Wuhan, China. Ta farko Labari on COVID ya bayyana a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2020, wanda a ciki ta jaddada mahimmancin yin shiri don manyan rikice-rikice yayin COVID don "lalata tsarin." Ta kasance cikin mutane na farko da suka taɓa amfani da kalmar "lalata kwana" dangane da COVID, kodayake an yi amfani da kalmar lokaci-lokaci yayin fargabar cutar. A lokacin, shawarar Tufekci game da abin rufe fuska ta bi na cibiyar kiwon lafiyar jama'a:
Duk da haka, kada ku damu idan ba za ku iya samun abin rufe fuska ba; Waɗannan su ne mafi mahimmanci ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya… Ga mutanen da ba na kiwon lafiya ba, wanke hannayenku akai-akai, yin amfani da maganin sabulun hannu da ya dace da koyan kada ku taɓa fuskar ku sune mafi mahimmancin matakan da asibiti suka tabbatar akwai.
A cikin 'yan kwanaki masu zuwa, ra'ayin Tufekci game da rufe fuska da alama ya canza sosai, kuma wannan da alama mai ban sha'awa game da fuska zai yi tasiri sosai a rayuwar daruruwan miliyoyin Amurkawa da 'ya'yansu na tsawon shekaru uku masu zuwa. Kamar yadda New York Times daga baya rubuta:
Dr. Tufekci, Mataimakin farfesa a Makarantar Bayanai da Kimiyyar Laburare ta Jami'ar North Carolina ba tare da wani takamaiman cancantar a cikin cututtukan cututtukan fata ba, ya fito ya saba wa shawarar CDC a cikin Maris 1 Tsanyawa kafin ta fadada sukar ta a ranar 17 ga Maris Op-Ed labarin don New York Times.
CDC ta canza sautin sa a cikin Afrilu, tana ba da shawarar duk Amurkawa sama da shekaru 2 da su sanya abin rufe fuska don rage yaduwar cutar coronavirus. Michael Basso, babban masanin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya a hukumar wanda ya yi ta matsa lamba a ciki don ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska, ya gaya mani. Sukar da Dr. Tufekci ya yi a bainar jama'a ga hukumar ita ce “matsalar tsiro.”
A wannan lokacin, Tufekci ya fara aiki tare da Howard, wanda ya kafa reshen Amurka na motsi # Masks4All.
Ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya yadda Tufekci da Howard suka fara aiki tare ba. Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa sun tattauna waɗannan batutuwa a bainar jama'a, kodayake sun yi mu'amala a shekarun baya. Tufekci da Howard farkon hulɗar jama'a game da COVID shine lokacin da ya yi ya ambace ta a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa zuwa labarinsa na bidiyo na ranar 9 ga Maris, 2020, wanda a ciki ya karfafa masu karatu da su rufe cibiyoyinsu tare da soke abubuwan da suka faru dangane da nasarar da kasar Sin ta samu na "lalata" a Wuhan.
Amma kamar yadda Howard ya gaya labarin farkonsa na fafutuka a cikin batun rufe fuska:
Mun sami sabon kwas mai zurfi don koyarwa. Ina buƙatar nazarin shari'ar don yadda zan fassara hadaddun shaida, kuma a kan buri, na ɗauki abin rufe fuska. Ba ni da sha'awar abin rufe fuska, kuma na ɗauka cewa shaidar ba za ta nuna komai ba. A watan Fabrairu, babu wanda ke sanye da abin rufe fuska a Yamma, in ban da wasu 'yan asalin Asiya. An gaya mana a fili cewa ba sa aiki kuma ba a ba su shawarar ba. Lokacin da na fara nazarin bayanan kan abin rufe fuska, na yi mamaki sosai. Da alama masks na iya zama mafi kyawun kayan aikin mu don rage yaduwar COVID-19 - amma babu wanda ya yi magana game da shi! ... ban da zeynep, wanda ya rubuta wani yanki mai haske a cikin NY Times [Ranar 17 ga Maris].
Howard ya ce an yi masa wahayi bidiyo mai hoto hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri wanda aka buga a ranar 14 ga Maris, 2020, daga Petr Ludwig, wanda ya kafa ainihin # Masks4All motsi a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, wanda Ludwig ya karfafa kowa da kowa ya sanya abin rufe fuska na gida.
Haɗin kai na #Masks4All motsi ya dogara ne akan labarin cewa ɗaukar abin rufe fuska na gida a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech ya “saukar da yaduwar” shari'o'in COVID a can, yana hana su "girma sosai" kamar yadda suke a sauran duniya. Wannan labarin koyaushe ƙarya ne, idan ba ƙarya ba - shari'o'in COVID yacigaba da tashi duk wannan lokacin a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech. A yau, Jamhuriyar Czech tana cikin kasashe 10 mafi muni a duniya dangane da adadin da aka samu na "mutuwar COVID."
Duk da haka wannan ƙaryar, abin rufe fuska ya dakatar da yaɗuwar a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, ya zama ainihin abin ƙarfafawa ga duniya #Masks4All motsi kuma ba da daɗewa ba tushen sanya dokar rufe fuska a duk duniya.
Howard ya buga nasa # Masks4All video. A cewarsa, shi ne a lokacin tuntuɓa by wani edita a Washington Post: “Ka yi tunanin mamakina lokacin da a Washington Post edita ya tuntube ni, ya gaya mani cewa za su ga bidiyon, kuma suna so in rubuta musu labari game da shi!” Shugabannin Duniya na Matasa na WEF sun taimaka wa Howard gyara labarin, wanda aka yi wa taken "Sauƙaƙan abin rufe fuska na DIY na iya taimakawa daidaita lankwasa. Ya kamata mu sanya su a cikin jama'a. "
A cikin labarin, Howard ya bukaci Amurkawa da su yi watsi da jagorar CDC na yanzu kuma su yi amfani da abin rufe fuska na duniya. Ya yi tsokaci game da wata sabuwar doka a Jamhuriyar Czech "ta haramta fita cikin jama'a ba tare da abin rufe fuska ba," kuma ya ambaci Daraktan CDC na kasar Sin George Gao- mai halarta a Event 201-wanda ya ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska don dakatar da COVID dangane da rigakafin “digogi:”
George Gao, babban darektan Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta kasar Sin, ya bayyana cewa, “Mutane da yawa suna da cututtukan asymptomatic ko presymptomatic, idan suna sanye da abin rufe fuska, yana iya hana digo. masu dauke da kwayar cutar daga tserewa da kamuwa da wasu. ”…
Saƙo mafi mahimmanci da aka raba a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech shine: "Mask na yana kare ku; abin rufe fuska yana kare ni." Sanye abin rufe fuska a can yanzu ana ɗaukar dabi'ar zamantakewa. Fita waje ba tare da ɗaya ba abin takaici ne a matsayin matakin rashin zaman lafiya wanda ke jefa al'ummar ku cikin haɗari. Hasali ma al’amuran al’umma sun yi karfi sosai har gwamnati ta mayar da martani sanya shi haramun fita cikin jama'a ba tare da abin rufe fuska ba…
Idan aka yi la'akari da nauyin shaida, da alama ya kamata saka abin rufe fuska na duniya ya zama wani ɓangare na mafita. Kowannenmu zai iya sa ya faru - daga yau.
Muna ganin fifikon Gao akan “digogi” da aka nuna a cikin ayyukan Howard da Tufekci. Misali, "kafofin"Sashe na hukuma #Masks4All gidan yanar gizon yana da fasalin wani zance akan ɗigon ruwa daga Gao:
Babban kuskure a Amurka da Turai, a ganina, mutane ba sa sanya abin rufe fuska. Ana daukar wannan kwayar cutar ta hanyar digo da kusanci. Droples suna taka muhimmiyar rawa - dole ne ku sanya abin rufe fuska, domin idan ka yi magana, ko da yaushe akwai ɗigon ruwa da ke fitowa daga bakinka. Mutane da yawa suna da asymptomatic ko presymptomatic cututtuka. Idan suna sanye da abin rufe fuska, zai iya hana digo masu dauke da kwayar cutar daga tserewa da kamuwa da wasu. – George Gao, babban darektan cibiyar yaki da cututtuka ta kasar Sin
An nanata wannan girmamawa kan “digogi” daga baya a cikin labarin karya na Howard mai taken “Don taimakawa dakatar da coronavirus, kowa ya kamata ya sa abin rufe fuska. Ilimin a bayyane yake"a cikin Guardian, da kuma labarin Tufekci da Howard “Kada Ka Sanya Maski Don Kanka"a cikin Atlantic. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da watsa labarai kamar na Tomas Pueyo, kuma an yi masa booking akan ABC's Good Morning America.
Kamar Howard ya fada, wannan CMG Tattaunawar, wacce Daraktan NIAID Anthony Fauci ya hada shi, ta kasance abin ban mamaki a cikin cewa shi ne karon farko da Fauci ya taba ba da shawarar amfani da abin rufe fuska da jama'ar Amurka. CMG Hakanan ya sake maimaita maganar game da amfanin abin rufe fuska don hana "digogi" daga Daraktan CDC na China George Gao.
Howard sai tattauna masking tare da Sanata Pat Toomey, wanda ya yi wa CDC bayani da Shugaba Trump. Kashegari, Trump ya ba da sanarwar cewa ana iya buƙatar abin rufe fuska na duniya.
Howard ya fara yi inroads a CDC, wanda har yanzu ya yi jinkirin sauya jagorar da ta dade akan abin rufe fuska saboda "kimiyyar ba ta da karfi." Don haka ya "yi ƙoƙarin tayar da hankalin jama'a."
Na gane cewa Babban abin dakatar da ci gaba kan amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin Amurka shine CDC ba ta ba su shawarar ba. Don haka na mayar da hankali a kan haka, kuma na yi ƙoƙari na tayar da hankalin jama'a. Na yi sa'a na san mutanen da suka san abin da ke faruwa a cikin CDC, kuma an gaya mini akwai damuwa cewa kimiyyar ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. Don haka na tuntuɓi wasu manyan masana kimiyya na duniya kuma na nemi taimako don nazarin shaidar. Suka ce eh!
Tufekci, Howard, da mawallafan su sai sallama preprint din su, "nazari na tsaka-tsaki na ba da labari na wallafe-wallafe kan rawar da abin rufe fuska ke takawa wajen rage watsa COVID-19,” wanda da sauri ya zama takarda da aka fi kallo a kowane lokaci preprints.org. Bitar labarinsu ta fara:
Aikin da Wu Lien Teh ya yi na shawo kan annobar Manchurian ta 1910 an yaba da shi a matsayin "babban ci gaba a cikin tsarin aiwatar da ka'idojin annoba a cikin magance cututtuka," inda Wu ya bayyana abin rufe fuska a matsayin "babban hanyar kariya ta mutum."… An ci gaba da amfani da abin rufe fuska don sarrafa yaduwar cututtukan numfashi a Gabashin Asiya har zuwa yau, gami da cutar ta COVID-19.
A cikin takardar nasu, Tufekci da Howard sun ba da hujjar cewa "kowa, manya da yara, ya kamata su sanya abin rufe fuska," suna yin la'akari da babbar fa'idar abin rufe fuska don "siffata sabbin dabi'un al'umma" a matsayin "alamomin sadaukarwa da hadin kai" suna aiki a matsayin "siginar bayyane da tunatarwa game da cutar."
Ƙirƙirar Sabuwar Alama a kusa da Sanya abin rufe fuska.
Al'ada da haɗin kai suna da mahimmanci a cikin al'ummomin ɗan adam kuma suna iya haɗuwa tare da sigina na bayyane don tsara sabbin ɗabi'un al'umma.. Sanye da abin rufe fuska na Universal zai iya zama kamar Alamar bayyane da tunatarwa game da cutar. Alamar shiga cikin halayen lafiya ta hanyar sanya abin rufe fuska da aiwatar da bayyane na iya haɓaka yarda da sanya abin rufe fuska na jama'a, amma kuma wasu muhimman halaye na rigakafi. A tarihi, annoba lokaci ne na tsoro, rudani, da rashin taimako. Saka abin rufe fuska, har ma da yin abin rufe fuska ko rarrabawa, na iya ba da ji na ƙarfafawa da ƙwarewar kai. Lafiya wani nau'i ne na amfanin jama'a ta yadda yanayin lafiyar kowa yana inganta rashin lafiyar kowa. Wannan na iya yin abin rufe fuska alamun altruism da haɗin kai. Duba abin rufe fuska a matsayin al'adar zamantakewa, wanda ka'idodin zamantakewa ke gudana, maimakon sa baki na likita, an kuma ba da shawarar haɓaka ɗaukar dogon lokaci.
Tufekci da Howard sun kammala takardar tasu ta hanyar ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska "hukunce-hukunce" a matsayin hanyar "tsara sabbin ka'idoji na al'umma."
Yayin cutar ta COVID-19, ƙasashe da yawa sun yi amfani da umarnin rufe fuska azaman dabarun aiwatarwa… Kodayake amfani da umarni ya kasance ma'aunin polarizing, shi ya bayyana yana da matukar tasiri wajen tsara sabbin ka'idoji na al'umma.
CDC a hukumance ta sake jujjuya jagorar abin rufe fuska a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2020, da masu ciki ruwaito cewa rubutun Tufekci da Howard sun kasance wani abu.
Bayan sun aza harsashin tsara waɗannan “sabbin ƙa’idodin al’umma,” sai suka mai da hankalinsu ga samun gwamnatoci su ba su umarni. Kamar Howard ya tuna:
A halin yanzu, a cikin Amurka, a bayyane yake cewa CDC.gov kawai "shawarar" abin rufe fuska bai isa ba. Har yanzu mutane ba sa saka su… Mun yanke shawarar gwadawa da rubuta wasiƙa kuma mu sami masana kimiyya da yawa su sanya hannu akan ta. Na rubuta daftarin farko na wasiƙar, kuma Vincent ya fara aiki don nemo masu sanya hannu. Ya san kowa da kowa, don haka da sauri ya aika da buƙatu zuwa kusan kwararrun likitocin ɗari don su sa hannu kan wasiƙarmu. Kusan kashi 95% na masu karɓa sun ce YES nan da nan! Mun so mu tabbatar da cewa mutane sun ga wannan wasiƙar a zahiri, don haka ni da zeynep muka yanke shawarar rubuta OpEd game da ita. USATODAY sun kasance masu kirki don yarda da gudanar da shi.
USA Today aka buga Tufekci da Howard op-ed, mai taken “Sama da shugabannin lafiya 100 ga gwamnoni: Ana buƙatar abin rufe fuska don taimakawa ɗaukar coronavirus", a cikin abin da suka rubuta cewa ya zama dole a sami "80% na jama'a sanye da abin rufe fuska don dakatar da yaduwar kwayar cutar," kuma don yin hakan, dole ne a ba da umarnin rufe fuska:
Samun karbuwa ga ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a ya kasance mai wahala a tarihi. Misali, a lokacin Annobar Manchurian na 1910, Dokta Wu Lien Teh ya gane cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa ta iska kuma abin rufe fuska mai sauƙi na iya rage watsawa. Amma likitoci da yawa ba su yarda da shi ba…
Amma don yin tasiri da gaske, suna buƙatar kusan kowa da kowa ya sa su. Yin ƙira na baya-bayan nan yana nuna cewa muna buƙatar aƙalla kashi 80% na jama'ar da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska don dakatar da yaduwar cutar.
Don yin hakan, kawai "ƙarfafa" amfanin su bai isa ba. Za mu iya ganin wannan a sakamakon binciken da aka yi kwanan nan yana nuna hakan a yawancin jihohin da ba sa buƙatar abin rufe fuska, ƙasa da rabin yawan jama'a ke amfani da su.
A cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, amfani da abin rufe fuska ya zarce kashi 80 na yawan jama'a a jihohi da kasashe da ba su da yawa, amma a cikin wani hali bai "dakatar da yaduwar" COVID ba.
A duk lokacin da ya bayar da shawarar, Howard bai kawai shawo kan gwamnatoci su ba da izinin rufe fuska ba; ya ce "kimiyya” a kan abin rufe fuska zama bayyananne- kuma wannan karya da'awar masana sun maimaita. Bugu da ari, da aka ba Howard ba shi da wata mahimmanci a cikin filin, yana da karfi. Lokacin da masanin ilimin halittu Angela Rasmussen ya tambayi bincikensa, Howard ya yi nisa har zuwa email maigidanta don neman "janyewar jama'a" na sukarta.
A cikin Yuli 2020, Tufekci da Howard sun kasance gayyaci don gabatar da rubutun rufe fuska da kuma ba da shawara ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya; Bayan wannan batu, Howard ya yi ritaya da yawa daga shawarwarin COVID. Lokacin da jami'an WHO suka nuna damuwa cewa mutanen da ke sanye da abin rufe fuska na iya fara nuna halin ko-in-kula, ta shawarci su, "A'a, ji, ni masanin ilimin zamantakewa, na san wannan ba gaskiya ba ne."
Tufekci's COVID Career
Duk cikin aikin Tufekci, muna ganin an maimaita wannan dagewa cewa abin rufe fuska ba shi da “lalacewar” ƙasa, lahani, ko haɗari. Ta da'awa cewa jerin abubuwan da WHO ta yi na yuwuwar kasawa ga rufe fuska ba "jeri ne mai kyau ba" kuma jãyayya cewa WHO "kawai sun fita hanyarsu don ƙaddamar da lissafin cutarwa." A cikin a daga baya labarin, ta koka da cewa mutane suna "neman lahani da gano su ko da a lokacin da babu wasu manyan mutane da ke bayyana a fili," kuma ta yi watsi da likitocin da suka mai da hankali kan "dukkanin zarge-zargen 'lala' daga abin rufe fuska" wanda ta yi imanin cewa "banza" da "abin ba'a." Ta abin razana sau da yawa game da samun lada tare da canza jagorar rufe fuska na CDC.
Kodayake an san shi sosai tun farkon kwanakin COVID cewa kwayar cutar ta bulla kusan babu kasada ga ƴan makaranta, Tufekci ya sha ba da shawarar rufe yara, yana jayayya a cikinta asalin op-ed wanda shine "ma'anar tipping" a cikin canza jagorar CDC cewa "kowa ya kamata ya yi amfani da abin rufe fuska" saboda "ƙarariyar shaidar watsa asymptomatic, musamman ta hanyar matasa." A cikin su bita, Zeynep da Howard sun yi jayayya cewa "kowa, manya da yara, ya kamata su sanya abin rufe fuska."
Daga baya, da zarar an gabatar da rigakafin, Tufekci kuma ya yi kira a cikin New York Times don makarantu su “ ba da umarnin rufe fuska ga duk yaran makarantar firamare” bisa tushen ƙarya cewa “har ma waɗanda aka yi wa alurar riga kafi na iya haifar da haɗari ga yaran da ba a yi musu allurar ba.”
A cikin uku m tweets, Tufekci ya yi adawa da rufe yara kanana, al'adar da CDC ta ba da shawarar kuma ta zama tilas a wasu jihohi. Amma yana da wahala a faɗi hujjar ta cewa abin rufe fuska ba shi da “masu ƙima” tare da wannan ra'ayi game da rufe yara. Kuma ga wanda aka yi rubutu game da abin rufe fuska akai-akai a cikin manyan gidajen watsa labarai na Amurka, mutum na iya tsammanin ƙarin ƙarar adawa ga abin rufe fuska, musamman idan aka ba ta muhimmiyar rawar da ta taka a cikin jagorar CDC.
Rashin ko in kula da Tufekci ga cutarwa yayin martani ga COVID bai iyakance ga rufe fuska ba. Ko da yake siyasar ba ta da daidaito a duniyar yamma ta zamani har sai da Xi Jinping ya kulle Wuhan kuma ba ya cikin kowace kasa ta dimokiradiyya shiri a kan annoba, a cikin tun-deleted tweetTufekci ya bayar da hujjar cewa Amurka "ya kamata ta kasance cikin cikakken kullewa" a cikin bazara na 2020.
Daga baya, Tufekci ya rubuta a cikin Atlantic game da "Hanyoyi guda Uku da Cutar Kwayar cuta ta Inganta Duniya, " ambaton “alurar rigakafin mRNA,” sabbin “kayan aikin dijital,” da kuma gaskiyar cewa za mu “fitar da ainihin ruhin bita na ƙwararru da buɗe kimiyya” a matsayin dalilan godiya ga COVID.
Kamar Matt Pottinger, Tufekci ya yunƙura don ƙarin shiga tsakani na COVID a wani ɓangare dangane da bayanai daga China, kodayake a lokaci guda ta sanya kanta a matsayin wani abu na shaho na China kuma tana goyan bayan "ka'idar-leak" na asalin COVID. A cikin muhawarar ka'idar lab-leak, ta ya lura"Babu wani dan jarida ko masanin kimiyya a kasar Sin da zai iya yin aiki da gaske cikin 'yanci," da kuma "Mun san an tilasta wa mutane a China kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci, gami da barazana ga dangi," in ji ta joked A cikin duhu cewa masana kimiyya na kasar Sin suna fuskantar kasadar "za a daure masoyansu na tsawon shekaru goma bisa zargin karya."
Duk da haka duk da sanin cewa "babu wani masanin kimiyya a kasar Sin da zai iya yin aiki da gaske cikin 'yanci," lokacin da aka zo ga yin gardama don neman karin ayyukan COVID, Tufekci ya sha ba da shawarar cewa amfani of bayanai daga Masana kimiyya na kasar Sin, a fili ba tare da tambayar kowa ba.
Misali, ta ba da shawarar a kara amfani da injin iska a farkon Maris 2020 bisa ga bayanai daga masana kimiyyar kasar Sin, la'akari a cikin wani sakon da aka raba ta tweet cewa "masana kimiyyar kasar Sin" sun ba da shawarar "yawancin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 suna buƙatar ci gaba da kasancewa a kan injina na injina har tsawon makonni huɗu."
Tabbas, a cikin labaran mujallolin, "Ijma'in ƙwararrun Sinanci" ya kasance shawarci masu ba da iska a matsayin "zaɓi na farko" ga masu cutar COVID masu fama da matsalar numfashi. WHO ta yi watsi da wannan shawarar kuma ta tofa albarkacin bakinta a duk duniya a farkon WHO shiriya a kan ventilators don masu cutar COVID.
Kamar yadda likita daya daga baya ya gaya da Wall Street Journal"Mun kasance muna shigar da marasa lafiya da wuri, ba don amfanin marasa lafiya ba, amma don shawo kan cutar… Hakan ya ji daɗi."
Wannan jagorar ta kasance mai kisa sosai. Nazarin a Jama daga baya saukar Kashi 97.2 cikin ɗari na mace-mace tsakanin waɗanda suka haura shekaru 65 waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin injina na injina daidai da wannan farkon. shiriya kafin a dakatar da aikin bayan bazara 2020. Don sanya waɗannan sakamakon a hangen nesa, marasa lafiya sama da shekaru 65 sun fi girma. 26 sau mai yiwuwa su tsira idan sun kasance ba sanya a kan inji ventilators. Gabaɗaya, mace-mace tsakanin masu cutar COVID a asibitocin New York fadi sama da kashi biyu bisa uku tsakanin bazara 2020 da bazara 2020.
Jagoran farko daga masana kimiyyar kasar Sin da ke ba da shawarar shigar da ruwa da wuri ya haifar da mutuwar dubban marasa lafiya na COVID marasa adadi. Duk da haka duk da cewa sun ba da shawarar musamman cewa "yawancin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 suna buƙatar ci gaba da kasancewa a kan injina na injin har tsawon makonni huɗu" bisa bayanai daga "masana kimiyyar Sinawa" - kuma duk da saninta cewa "babu masanin kimiyya a China da zai iya yin aiki da gaske cikin 'yanci" - babu uzuri ko shigar da kuskuren da ya taɓa fitowa daga Zeynep Tufekci.
Binciken Cochrane
Ya zuwa yanzu, ba kyau sosai. Duk da cewa ba shi da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun cututtukan cututtukan da suka dace, Tufekci ya taka rawar gani a layin dogo na CDC da WHO don canza jagorar da suka daɗe akan rufe fuska; shawo kan gwamnatocin jihohi da su ba da umarnin rufe fuska ga "kowa, manya da yara," a wani bangare a matsayin hanyar "tsara sabbin ka'idoji na al'umma;" ya ba da shawarar "cin zarafin tsohon-tsare" na ƴan ƙasar Amurka don maganar shari'a; an ƙarfafa likitoci su rage yiwuwar cutar da abin rufe fuska; ya yi iƙirarin cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta kasance cikin kulle-kulle" lokacin da manufar ba ta da wani abin tarihi face rufewar Xi na Wuhan; ya rubuta ƙarya cewa ƴan makaranta suna cikin haɗari daga manya waɗanda aka yi wa alurar riga kafi; an yi bikin "hanyoyin cutar ta sa duniya ta inganta;" kuma an ba da shawarar shigar da injin da wuri da wuri bisa bayanai daga masana kimiyyar kasar Sin, duk da sanin masana kimiyyar kasar Sin ba za su iya "aiki da gaske ba," ba tare da amincewa ko uzuri ba bayan wannan jagorar ta zama mai kisa sosai. Tamkar ta kasance darn kwarjini ne wanda babu wanda ya kula da abinda take aikatawa.
Duk da haka, mun kasance a shirye don barin bygos ta bygones. "An yi kurakurai" kamar yadda suke faɗa. Amma sai, bayan da masana kimiyya suka kwashe shekaru da yawa suna tattara bayanai game da rufe fuska daga RCTs da yawa a duk faɗin duniya, Tufekci ta rubuta op-ed ta kan bita na Cochrane.
Op-ed shine game da abin da mutum zai iya tsammani. Taken, "Ga dalilin da yasa Kimiyya ta bayyana cewa Masks na aiki"Karya ce; Tufekci ya yi kira ga masana kimiyya da su ci gaba da tattara bayanai game da sanya abin rufe fuska," wanda ba zai zama dole ba idan kimiyya ta kasance a bayyane cewa abin rufe fuska ya yi aiki. Ta dogara ne akan zaɓi na karatun asibiti, babu ɗayansu RCTs; wannan matakin shaida iri ɗaya zai nuna cewa kowane adadin wauta yana aiki da COVID, daga ginseng zuwa kifin da aka samu a Bangladesh zuwa melaton. raguwar kashi dari a cikin lamuran COVID lokacin da aka bai wa ƙauye abin rufe fuska, ba tare da bayyana a sake nazari wanda bai sami fa'ida ba kuma ya danganta hakan ga son zuciya.
Tufekci musamman yana ba da sunan jagoran marubucin Cochrane, Tom Jefferson, sau da yawa. Amma a cikin imel, babban editan Cochrane, Karla Soares-Weiser, wanda Tufekci ya yi magana da shi, ya ce ta ɗauki alhakin kai tsaye game da kalmomin ƙarshe da kuma cewa Tufekci ya “makance ta”.
Wataƙila mafi kyawu, Tufekci bai bayyana nata rigima ba sharhin labari wanda ya kammala da cewa "kowa, manya da yara," ya kamata su sanya abin rufe fuska-ko shawararta ta baya don umarnin abin rufe fuska-lokacin da ta tuntuɓi Soares-Weiser, tana ba da bayanin bayanin Soares-Weiser game da kalmomin ƙarshen bita. A taƙaice, op-ed na Tufekci na iya kasancewa motsa jiki na ɓarna.
Kammalawa
Game da abin rufe fuska na Tufekci da Howard na Amurka, akwai yuwuwar biyu ne kawai - ba mai kyau ba - kuma tabbas gaskiya ta ta'allaka ne a wani wuri a tsakiya. Na farko shi ne cewa shawararsu ta kasance rubuce-rubucen wasan kwaikwayo, wani dalili na ayyukan da ake ganin ba zato ba tsammani da wata hanyar sadarwa ta shugabannin hukumomi ke shirin ɗauka ta wata hanya, ba tare da sanin jama'a ba. A wannan yanayin, wanzuwar irin wannan “rubutun” ya saba wa ka’idojin dimokuradiyyar mu, kuma ya zama wajibi mu tantance yadda irin wannan shirin ya kasance da kuma su wane ne ke bayansa.
Yiwuwar ta biyu ita ce da gaske wannan abu ne mai sauƙi ga masu fafutuka masu fafutuka ba tare da wata masaniyar da ta dace ba don shawo kan shugabannin hukumomi su canza jagorar kiwon lafiyar jama'a a farkon COVID-wadannan su ne shugabannin da suka kwashe shekaru suna rufe idanunsu da kunnuwansu ga duk wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ayyukansu ba sa aiki, har ma daga wasu ƙwararrun masana kimiyya na duniya.
Misali, shekaru bayan haka, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko CDC za ta yi la'akari da sake fasalin jagorarta don ba da izinin rufe fuska a makarantu bisa la'akari da bita na Cochrane, Daraktan CDC Walensky ya gaya wa Majalisa, abin mamaki, cewa "jagorancin rufe fuska na CDC ba ya canzawa da lokaci."
Babu shakka CDC tana da kaso mafi tsoka na laifi a cikin wannan labarin saboda rashin iyawa. Bugu da ƙari, Tufekci da Howard ba su kaɗai ke ba da shawarar abin rufe fuska ba a farkon makonnin COVID. Matt Pottinger A lokaci guda ya kaddamar da nasa yakin satar rufe fuska a fadar White House bisa bayanan alakarsa a kasar Sin; wasu irin su Scott Gottlieb da malamai da masu haɗin gwiwa na #Masks4All motsi sun yunƙura don yin abin rufe fuska na duniya.
Duk da haka, Tufekci da Howard sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shafar wannan babban sauyi na jagorar kimiyya wanda ya shafi rayuwar kowane Ba'amurke, wanda bita na Cochrane ya nuna a yanzu bai ba da wata fa'ida ba a matakin yawan jama'a, saboda dalilai masu ban sha'awa kamar "tsarin sabbin ka'idoji na al'umma." A duk tsawon COVID, Tufekci ta tura bayanan karya da manufofin cutarwa wadanda suka yi nisa da kwarewarta bisa bayanai daga kasar Sin, duk da sanin irin wadannan bayanan ba su da tabbas, ba tare da amincewa ko ba da hakuri kan kurakuran da zarar cutar ta bayyana ba.
Rashin laifi a cikin hanyoyin yaki na bayanai, Soares-Weiser na iya ba da sanarwar bayaninta a matsayin wani yunƙuri na gamsar da masu adawa da bita na Cochrane. Amma kamar yadda bayanan da ke sama ya bayyana a sarari, waɗannan ba irin mutanen da ya kamata mutum ya yi ƙoƙari ya gamsar da su ba. Tarihi ya koyar da cewa irin wannan tsoro na ɗabi'a na shugabannin hukumomi na iya shafar miliyoyin rayuka.
-
Michael P Senger lauya ne kuma marubucin Man Maciji: Yadda Xi Jinping Ya Rufe Duniya. Tun daga Maris 19 ya kasance yana binciken tasirin jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin game da martanin da duniya ke bayarwa game da COVID-2020, kuma a baya ya rubuta kamfen yada farfagandar kulle-kulle ta duniya da The Masked Ball of Cowardice a cikin Mujallar Tablet.
Duba dukkan posts
