Shekaru sittin da suka gabata, da farko daga cikin jerin labarai na ban mamaki sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen likitanci waɗanda ke kwatanta ƙarancin mutuwar cututtukan zuciya a Roseto, Pennsylvania idan aka kwatanta da garuruwan da ke kewaye. Baƙi daga Roseto Valfortore, wani ƙaramin gari ne a yankin Apulia a kudu maso gabashin Italiya, sun zaunar da Roseto, Pennsylvania.
Don bayyana wannan matsalar rashin lafiya, an gudanar da bincike kan abubuwan kiwon lafiya da yawa da aka zaci kamar kwayoyin halitta, abinci, da shan taba, amma duk sun zama mara kyau. Wadannan abubuwan kiwon lafiya ba su bambanta da sauran garuruwan yankin ba. A ƙarshe, abin da ya rage shi ne babban mataki na goyon bayan zamantakewa da haɗin kan al'adu. Abin takaici, aculturation ƙarshe lalace wannan bambance-bambancen tare da sakamakon asarar tasirin kariya akan yawan jama'a.
Akwai ya ci gaba, duk da haka, imani cewa haƙiƙa da sauƙi abubuwan ƙididdigewa suna da alhakin mafi girman sakamako daidai da sauƙin ƙididdigewa. Gidauniyar Robert Wood Johnson tana amfani da bayanai daga Cibiyar Yawan Jama'ar Lafiya ta Wisconsin don bugawa akan layi Matsayin Kiwon Lafiya na County & Taswirorin Hanya. Wannan cikakken cikakken matsayi ne na kusan kowace gundumomi a Amurka bisa ga abubuwan da aka rarraba a matsayin "Abubuwan Lafiya" da "Sakamakon Lafiya." Bayanan Sakamakon Lafiya ya ƙunshi bayanai akan Tsawon Rayuwa da Ingancin Rayuwa, duka an ba su daidai nauyi. An rarraba Bayanan Abubuwan Kiwon Lafiya zuwa manyan rukunai hudu: Abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki (40%), Halayen Lafiya (30%), Kula da Lafiya (20%) da Muhalli na Jiki (10%).
Kowannen Sakamako da Factors sun ƙunshi adadin ƙananan abubuwa da aka jera akan gidan yanar gizon. Yayin da wasu ƙananan abubuwa ba su da kyau wasu kuma suna da kyau, ana daidaita ƙimar ta yadda matsayi mafi girma a kowane nau'i yana nuna sakamako mai kyau. A cikin kowace jiha kowace karamar hukuma ana jera ta bisa ga Sakamakon Lafiya da Abubuwan Lafiya da aka ɗauka a matsayin jimi-jita kamar yadda aka rarraba su cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikinta. Ana ba da matsayi game da tsayawa a cikin jihar da ma maki Z. Dalilin sanya ma'aunin nauyi ga bayanan martaba a cikin rahoton yana ƙunshe a cikin takardar aiki na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Jami'ar Wisconsin da ke akwai a Matsayin Kiwon Lafiya na County & Taswirorin Hanya website.
Yayin da mafi yawancin kuma a mafi yawan yankunan ƙasar, Abubuwan Lafiya suna da alaƙa da Sakamakon Lafiya. Duk da haka, mun sami wasu ban sha'awa outliers a cikin bayanan lokacin da muka yi nazarin kananan hukumomin Arizona a 'yan shekarun da suka wuce.
Da farko, babu wata alaƙa mai sauƙi tsakanin kima na gundumomin Arizona game da Sakamakon Lafiya da Abubuwan Lafiya:
Lissafin Spearman rho don wasiƙa ya kasance 0.6393 sabanin na New Hampshire wanda shine 0.9758. Lallai, Spearman rho na duk jihohin 50 sun nuna babban bambanci:
Haɗin haɗaɗɗiyar da ba ta kan layi ba ta fi fitowa fili lokacin da aka kwatanta ƙimar Z-makiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar mutum ɗaya da makin Z na Sakamakon Lafiya:
Na farko, wannan shine jimillar makin Ma'aunin Kiwon Lafiya bisa ma'aunin nauyi a cikin Matsayin Kiwon Lafiya na County & Wurin Taswirorin Hanya:
Kuma wannan shine lokacin da Abubuwan Kiwon Lafiya suka rabu zuwa cikin ƙananan abubuwan da ke tattare da su:
Makin Yuma akan duk Abubuwan Lafiya sun fi na Pima muni kuma jimillar Makin Makin Lafiya kusan iri ɗaya ne da na La Paz kuma mafi muni fiye da duka sai Navajo da Apache amma duk da haka yana da daraja. biyu a cikin Sakamakon Lafiya. Me yasa?
Wannan alakar ta kasance tana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin shekarun 2020-2017 tare da wasu keɓancewa.
A cikin kananan hukumomin Coconino, Gila, Pima, Cochise, da Yavapai, Sakamakon Lafiya yakamata ya fi yadda suke. "Wani abu kuma" yana aiki azaman anga. A cikin yankunan Yuma, Santa Cruz, Pinal, da Maricopa, Sakamakon Lafiya yakamata ya kasance mafi muni fiye da yadda suke. "Wani abu kuma" yana ba da haɓaka. Ko da yake wannan "wani abu" ya kasance mai kwanciyar hankali a yawancin gundumomi, ana iya ganin wasu bambancin shekara zuwa shekara, musamman a Santa Cruz. Ko da yake ana iya auna wannan, har yanzu bayanin ya ɓace.
Mun damu cewa kulle-kullen da ke da alaƙa da martaninmu ga Covid-19 na iya lalata hanyar sadarwar tallafin zamantakewa, amma ba haka lamarin yake ba. Lardunan Yuma da Santa Cruz har yanzu sun zarce:
Bayanan da aka tattara a cikin RWJF a cikin bincikensa kan martabar Kiwon Lafiyar County alama ce ta fara bincike kan abin da ya ƙunshi "lafiya." Duk da yake gaskiya ne cewa don inganta lafiyar al'umma, inganta duk wani nau'i na kiwon lafiya (Halayen Kiwon Lafiya, Kulawa na asibiti, Harkokin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma yanayin jiki) zai taimaka, a bayyane yake cewa wasu ƙoƙarin za su kasance mafi amfani fiye da sauran. A cikin yanayi na ƙayyadaddun albarkatu, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da waɗannan albarkatun cikin hikima don haka mafi girman haɓaka ga mafi girman yawan jama'a zai yiwu.
Wannan bincike ya nuna cewa wannan ba koyaushe ba ne mai hankali. Yayin da kididdigar Spearman rho don gwada haɗin kai na bayanan matakin ƙa'ida yana nuna matsakaicin dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin Matsayin Factor Factor Health da Matsayin Sakamakon Lafiya, Kwatancen Consonance a Arizona yana nuna sarƙaƙƙiya a cikin wannan alaƙa tare da sanannen alaƙar da ba ta layi ba. Musamman, manyan lardunan da aka samu akan duka biyun (Yuma mafi kyawun sakamako fiye da yadda ake tsammani dangane da Matsayinsa na Factor; Yavapai mafi muni fiye da yadda ake tsammani dangane da Matsayin Factor) na iya samun ma'ana mafi mahimmanci fiye da yanayin da aka samu a cikin bincike na layi. Hanyar nazari na al'ada bisa alakar layi bai dace ba don fahimtar menene, mai yuwuwa, dangantaka mai rikitarwa.
A cikin binciken da aka biyo baya, mun sanya "wani abu" shine abin da ake kira Paradox na Hispanic a ciki, kamar yadda Tasirin Roseto, ƙaƙƙarfan cibiyar sadarwar tallafin zamantakewa tana gyara tasirin Abubuwan Kiwon lafiya akan Sakamakon Lafiya. Abubuwan da ke Kiwon Lafiya shine tushen abin da "wani abu" (x) ke aiki don samar da Sakamakon Lafiya:
Sakamakon Lafiya = x (Abubuwan Lafiya)
Wannan yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don dalilai da yawa. Da farko, haɓaka Abubuwan Kiwon Lafiya na iya zama tsada sosai ko, a wasu lokuta kamar abubuwan ƙasa, ba zai yiwu a kwafi ko inganta su ba. Na biyu, tunda yana da yawa kuma ba ƙari ba, canza x a cikin lissafin yana ba da sakamako mara tushe. Ƙananan canje-canje na iya samun babban tasiri. A ƙarshe, amfani da Matsayin Kiwon Lafiya na County & Taswirorin Hanya don gano gundumomi cikin sauri waɗanda Sakamakon Lafiya ya zarce abubuwan da suka shafi Lafiya yana ba da kayan aikin tantancewa don ƙarin bincike.
A cikin yanayin Arizona, "wani abu" shine Paradox na Hispanic tsarin goyon bayan zamantakewa mai ƙarfi ya samar amma a wasu lokuta, yana iya zama wasu dalilai. Kyakkyawar karkata za a iya amfani da su don gano yiwuwar wasu hanyoyin da za a iya gano wani "wani abu" makamancin haka. Wadannan abubuwa zasu iya zama kamar Dark Matter a Kiwon Lafiya. Wataƙila har yanzu ba a gano cikakken su ba, amma muna iya lura da tasirin su.
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Russ S. Gonnering shine Farfesa Farfesa na Ophthalmology, Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Wisconsin.
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