Rufe makarantu yayi aiki. Rufe gidajen abinci yayi aiki. Sanye abin rufe fuska yayi aiki. Mun san sun yi aiki ne saboda gwamnonin da suka ba su umarni sun ce haka. CDC ta ce haka. NIH ta ce haka.
An ba mu gwajin kimiyya mafi girma da COVID-19 zai iya bayarwa (ban da jiragen ruwa, waɗanda suka samar da ainihin gwajin kimiyya kuma ba a kula da su ba). Jihohi da yawa suna da (kuma suna da) manufofi daban-daban yayin bala'in. Tambayar da ya kamata mu yi da kuma bayanan da muke buƙatar yin nazari ita ce, idan tsauraran hane-hane sun yi aiki, shin sun haifar da ƙarancin COVID-19 kuma haka ma yawan mace-mace?
Kwatanta wata jiha zuwa wata, cherry- picking low-tasiri Vermont zuwa babban tasiri na Mississippi ya zama bebe; ba su bambanta da juna ba a yanayin kasa da alƙaluma, kuma mahimmanci, kiba. Waɗannan jihohin biyu sun yi nisa sosai a cikin ƙimar COVID-19 yayin da suke cikin ƙimar kiba. Mississippi ita ce ta farko a yanzu a cikin COVID-19 mutuwar kowane mutum kuma tana da mafi girman kiba a cikin ƙasar. Vermont tana matsayi na 50th a cikin COVID-19 mutuwar kowane mutum da 46th a cikin kiba. Mai alaƙa?
A ƙasa akwai jihohi mafi girma da mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin COVID-19 mutuwar kowane mutum da kibansu.
| Manyan Mutuwar COVID-19 Biyar Mafi Girma |
| Kasa biyar mafi ƙasƙanci na COVID-19 | |
|---|
| Jihar | Matsayin Kiba | Jihar | Matsayin Kiba |
|---|
| Mississippi | 1 | Vermont | 46 |
| Arizona | 31 | Hawaii | 48 |
| Alabama | 3 | Maine | 29 |
| New Jersey | 45 | Utah | 40 |
| Louisiana | 4 | Alaska | 26 |
Kuna ganin alaƙa? An buge New Jersey da wuri kuma mutane da yawa sun fada cikin wadanda ke ba da kiwon lafiya koyo don kula da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 da manufofin gidan jinya. Arizona ya fi fice, a wani bangare na 'yan kasashen waje marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19 kuma suna mutuwa a asibitocin Arizona (ana ganin irin wannan sakamako a Texas da Kudancin California). Duk jahohin COVID-19 da ke da ƙarancin tasiri suna da ƙarancin kiba. (Shin kowa ya yi mamakin Alaska baya ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci jihohin kiba?)
Jihohin da ba su da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar cuta a duk faɗin cutar sun haɗa da (babu zaɓin ceri anan, waɗannan su ne kaɗan) sun haɗa da Dakotas, Florida, Nebraska, da Oklahoma. Babu ɗayan waɗannan jihohin da ke cikin goma sha biyar mafi girma a cikin COVID-19 da ke mutuwa a kowane mutum.
Abin da ya rage daga wannan duka shine tsauraran ƙuntatawa ba su da wani tasiri mai aunawa akan mutuwar COVID-19. Muna buƙatar fahimtar cewa mahimmin saƙon ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗari (tsofaffi da masu kiba; idan waɗannan kaɗai aka cire su daga mutuwar COVID-19, babu annoba, kalmar lissafi da ke buƙatar kashi 7.4% na duk mace-mace da ake dangantawa da wata sabuwar cuta), karewa da ba su shawara da su kasance masu taka tsantsan yayin da yawan jama'a ke ci gaba da aiki.
A ƙasa akwai wani babi mai suna "Nauyin Hujja" daga littafin COVID-19: Kimiyya vs. The Lockdowns. Wannan haɗar duk bayanan asali an haɗa su ne kamar wannan a karon farko. Binciken bayanan yana gudana daga farkon cutar a cikin Maris 2020 zuwa Afrilu 2021, watanni goma sha huɗu na bayanai don daidaita yanayin yanayi da kuma tabbatar da tsayi mai tsayi. Tun daga wannan jerin, wasu jihohi sun canza: alal misali, jihohin kudu maso gabas sun tashi a cikin mutuwar kowane mutum, kuma Dakotas sun tashi daga saman shida zuwa sama da ashirin a cikin mutuwar kowane mutum.
Bayanan da ke kusa da asibitocin COVID-19 da mace-mace suna da ɓangarorin kuskure, kusan kashi 40% na kuskure a wasu wurare. Wani mai ba da shawara kan bayanan Fadar White House ya gaya mani cewa ya kai kashi 50%. Yawan aiki a cikin wannan bincike shine 30%. Abubuwan da ba daidai ba sun samo asali ne daga galibin abubuwa biyu: hada da ba a gwada su ba m asibiti da mace-mace; ciki har da wadanda suka mutu bayan gwajin inganci cikin makonni ko watanni amma sun mutu da wani abu daban. Ee, labaran da kuka ji game da bindiga ko hatsarin mota da aka lissafta a matsayin mutuwar COVID-19 sun wuce gona da iri. Abin da ba na baya ba shine dubun dubatar mutanen da suka mutu daga lamuran kiwon lafiya na gaske, gami da batutuwa kamar kamawar zuciya, mutuwar kansa - abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa da COVID-19 amma an ƙidaya su kamar haka.
Sauran sakamakon da aka tattauna anan shine mutuwar kulle-kulle. Babu shakka cewa dubun-dubatar ko dubunnan mutane sun mutu da wuri daga cututtukan da ba a kula da su ba, nisantar kiwon lafiya saboda tsoron kamuwa da COVID-19, da kuma wasu abubuwa kaɗan kamar su wuce gona da iri da kashe kansu. Saboda duk sako-sako a cikin bayar da rahoto, mafi girman ma'aunin bayanan gaskiya da ke auna cutar amai da gudawa yana duban adadin mutane nawa ne suka mutu sabanin yadda ake tsammani. Idan mutane miliyan uku suka mutu a shekara daga 2015-2019 sannan mutane miliyan 3.5 suka mutu a cikin 2020 da 2021, karuwa a bayyane yake. Wannan shine yadda muke auna annobar cutar da sa baki gaba daya.
Idan California tana da ƙarancin mutuwar COVID-19 akan kowane mutum fiye da South Dakota, amma 3% ƙarin adadin adadin mutuwar yayin bala'in daga duk sanadi a cikin tsauraran matakan kulle-kulle, shin ya cancanci hakan? To, wannan ba abin da ya dace ba. Mafi kyawun kwatancen na iya zama Idaho da makwabciyar Oregon da Washington. Idaho ba ta da iyaka sosai, yara galibi suna cikin aji idan suna so, yayin da jihohin biyu da ke yammacinsu kusan California ne. Idaho yana da mutuwar kusan kashi 14% idan aka kwatanta da kusan kashi 8% a Oregon da Washington. Shin raguwar sun cancanci hakan? Shi ke nan don ku yanke shawara. Anan za mu nuna kwatancen da yawa waɗanda ke ba da shawarar kulle kulle-kulle ba su haifar da sakamako mai kyau ba fiye da yin kaɗan fiye da kare masu rauni da barin jama'a su yi aikin kansu ba tare da umarnin gwamnati ba.
Nauyin ba ya kan buɗaɗɗen jihohi kamar South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Oklahoma ko Florida don yin mafi kyau. Nauyin ya kasance a kan jihohin da ke ba da izini da yawa don yin mafi kyau. Idan matakan kulle-kulle suna aiki, yakamata sakamakon su ya fi kyau sosai. Sa'an nan za mu iya yin nazari idan wasu rangwamen sun dace. A zato, idan bude makarantu ya haifar da karuwar 10% na mutuwar yara, muna da dalili da tasiri don aunawa. Sannan ku yanke shawara, shin makarantun da aka bude sun yi asarar rayukan yara 10,000? Idan an san gidajen abinci da aka buɗe suna haifar da ƙarin mutuwar 50% a cikin al'umma, kuma za mu iya yin nazari idan rufewa ya cancanci hakan. Idan ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan sun fito kuma bayanan sun tabbatar da sanadin da tasiri, rufe makarantu da rufe cin abinci na cikin gida za su sami ƙimar amincewa fiye da kawar da haraji.
Watanni goma sha huɗu cikin barkewar cutar, Amurka ta kasance + 14% a cikin duk abin da ke haifar da mutuwa, ma'ana 14% ya mutu fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Ƙananan Dakota ta Kudu, Oklahoma, Florida, Nebraska, Florida da sauran su yakamata su zarce jihohin da ke kulle a duk sanadin mace-mace. South Dakota ta kasance da kashi 17% cikin yawan mace-mace tun lokacin da cutar ta fara. Jihohin da suka yi muni fiye da South Dakota waɗanda suka kulle da ƙarfi sun haɗa da New Jersey (+27%), Arizona (+24%), New Mexico (+24%), Texas (+24%), California (+22%), New York (+20%), Maryland (+18%), da dozin wasu. Jihohin da aka kulle yakamata su sami asarar rayuka da yawa fiye da waɗanda aka buɗe, kuma ba su yi ba. A yawancin lokuta sun yi muni.
Kwatancen Jiha
Sources: Wallethub; Aikin Bibiyar Covid; Burbio; Duniya mita; USMortality.comJihohin da ke sama suna cikin matsayi mafi ƙanƙanta zuwa mafi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙuntatawa har zuwa Afrilu 6, 2021 bisa ga Wallethub. Abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan martaba sune buƙatun abin rufe fuska, gidajen abinci da mashaya a buɗe, makarantu buɗe don koyo cikin mutum, umarnin zama a gida da sauran hani. Tambaya a bayyane ita ce, shin hani ya haifar da ƙarancin mutuwar COVID-19? Wannan shine cinikin. Lockdowns sun kasance masu tsada da kansu da kuma na kuɗi, amma idan alaƙar ta yi aiki, zaku iya ba da hujjar cewa dabara ce mai ma'ana. A ƙasa akwai mahimman hanyoyin da za a ɗauka daga jadawalin bayanan da ke sama.
Siyasa
Jihohi goma sha bakwai mafi ƙanƙanta sun kasance karkashin jagorancin Republican, haka kuma 22 daga cikin 23 na farko. Shakka babu takurawa jam'iyyar gwamnan jihar fiye da komai. Daga cikin jihohi 26 da aka fi takaitawa, 22 sun kasance karkashin jagorancin Democrat. Daga cikin jihohi hudu da ‘yan jam’iyyar Republican ke da rinjaye, Massachusetts, Vermont da Maryland, jihohi ne masu karfi na jam’iyyar Democrat. Biyar daga cikin jihohi takwas da ke da fiye da kashi 20% duk abin da ya haifar da asarar rayuka sun kasance karkashin jagorancin Republican, uku na Democrat.
Asibiti
An jera ICU da asibitoci gabaɗaya dangane da iyawar jihar. Bayanan jagora ne kawai. An saita madaidaicin 20% don dalilai kwatankwacin kawai. Lokacin da aka sadu da al'ummomi tare da aikin su na COVID-19, da alama ƙananan asibitoci sun kasance a ko kusa da cikakken ƙarfin ICU na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 na tsawon makonni uku zuwa huɗu. Asibiti ya kamata a yi aiki a kusa da iya aiki, kamar otal, don ci gaba. A lokacin bala'in cutar, a waje da aikin tiyata na mako huɗu zuwa shida, yawancin sun yi kusan kusan 70%; a lokacin kulle-kulle na bazara na 2020, yawancin ƙasar sun kusan zama fanko kuma sun lalace. Idan da Dokar CARES ba ta ba su belinsu ba, da yawa da ba za su yi ba, haka ma yawancin masu samar da kiwon lafiya. Masana'antar kiwon lafiya da ta lalace yayin bala'i ba tare da tallafin gwamnati ba.
Jihohi bakwai ne kawai cikin hamsin da ɗaya (ciki har da DC) suka taɓa samun fiye da makonni biyar na gadaje asibiti dauke da sama da kashi 20% na marasa lafiya na COVID-19. Babu ɗayan waɗannan jihohi bakwai da ke cikin manyan jihohi ashirin mafi ƙanƙanta sai Arizona. California ne kawai ya kai sama da kashi 20% na jihohi goma mafi tsauri.
Wasu jihohin ba su ba da rahoton aikin ICU na marasa lafiya na COVID-19 ba. Daga cikin waɗanda suka yi, 22 sun wuce makonni goma tare da sama da 20%. Jihohi 34 sun zarce kashi 20% na zama na ICU sama da makonni biyar, kuma hakan bai haɗa da jihohin da ba a ba da rahoto ba, wanda tabbas jihohi shida sun yi. Wannan yana nufin jihohi arba'in sun sami hauhawar farashin ICUs.
A ƙasa akwai kwatancen jihohi biyar mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a duk lokacin bala'in da mazaunan asibiti:
Makarantu Bude kuma Rufe
Biyu ne kawai daga cikin manyan jihohi goma mafi yawan mace-mace-kowace-kowace jahohi, Mississippi da South Dakota [suna da matsayi ashirin a cikin Janairu 2022], suna da fiye da rabin makarantunsu da aka buɗe don koyo ido-da-ido a cikin faɗuwar 2020 da farkon 2021. Wannan ya dace a cikin buɗe makarantun ba su da alaƙa da mafi girma COVID-19 mutuwar kowane mutum.
Daga cikin jihohi ashirin da kashi 80% na makarantunsu da aka buɗe don koyo ido-da-ido a cikin Afrilu 2021, matsakaicin mutuwar COVID-19 ga kowane mutum 1,654. Daga cikin jihohi goma sha biyar da ke da kashi 50% ko ƙasa da koyo ido-da-ido, matsakaicin mutuwar COVID-19 na kowane mutum 1,539. Bambancin ba shi da mahimmanci. Ƙananan jihohi masu rufaffiyar makarantu a Hawaii da Maine sun yi nauyi hakan, zuwa inda matsakaita zai kasance kusa iri ɗaya.
Babu alaƙa tsakanin ƙarin koyo na mutum-mutumi da ƙarin mutane da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin al'ummomi. Bayanai masu ƙarfi sun nuna cewa tsauraran ƙuntatawa bai haifar da wani sakamako mafi kyau ba fiye da ƙuntatawa haske. Rufe makarantu ba komai. Rufe gidajen abinci ba komai. Saka abin rufe fuska ba kome ba. A ƙarshe dabaru biyu na ragewa sun yi aiki: waɗancan keɓe masu rauni, da nisantar da jama'a, wani nau'i na keɓewa. Sauran rangwamen da aka yi kamar ya kamata su taimaka, amma ba su yi ba.
Rarraba Gwamnoni
Babu wani gwamna da ya yi daidai lokacin barkewar cutar da kuma kulle-kullen. Tare da matsin lamba na kafofin watsa labaru, sha'awar daidaita al'ummominsu, da kuma sha'awar sake zabar su da kuma matsawa mukaman tarayya a kan hanya, aiki ne mai wuyar gaske a gare su duka. Ga kowane ɗayan, daga Gwamnonin Newsom da Cuomo zuwa Noem da DeSantis, shine mafi ƙalubalanci aiwatar da manufofin ayyukansu, kuma ga kowane gwamna a cikin tarihin Amurka. Duk darajar da ke ƙasa, irin wannan ga yara a lokacin shekara-da na koyo mai nisa, yana kan lankwasa. A kan wannan yanayin, ga yadda gwamnoni suka yi a lokacin bala'in:
A ta
Gwamna Ron DeSantis (FL), Kristi Noem (SD), Pete Ricketts (NE), da Mark Gordon (WY). Babu gwamnonin da suka fuskanci matsin lamba na kafofin watsa labarai fiye da Noem da DeSantis. Noem bata kulle halinta ba. Ba ta taɓa sanya abin rufe fuska ba. Ta kasance mai ƙarfi yayin fama mai wahala a cikin Nuwamba da Disamba 2020. Ta jagoranci jihar da ke da yawan jama'a kwatankwacin gundumar Dallas, kuma ta sami ƙarin kanun labarai game da matsayinta fiye da wanda ba a ambaci sunansa DeSantis ba. Har yanzu, kasa da rabin yaran South Dakotan an tilasta musu ficewa daga aji a cikin 2020 kuma an ba wa kananan hukumomi damar sanya nasu takunkumi.
DeSantis ya jagoranci jiha ta uku mafi yawan jama'a tare da mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin yawan tsofaffi. Tun da farko ya sanya kariya a cikin wuraren kulawa na dogon lokaci. Ya kulle ƙarshe kuma ya sake buɗewa a cikin Mayu 2020. Ya cire ƙuntatawa na jihohi a cikin Satumba 2020, kamar yadda ayyukan COVID-19 ya tashi a cikin faɗuwa. Ya buɗe azuzuwan da yawa a Florida fiye da kowace jaha mai yawan jama'a. Kuma tare da wannan, Florida ba ta da sakamako mafi muni fiye da matsakaicin ƙasa. Nauyin ba ya kan DeSantis da Noem don doke titin tare da bude jihohinsu. Nauyin ya kasance a kan jihohin da aka kulle don samun sakamako mai kyau kuma hakan bai faru ba. Ba za ku iya kallon faifan fasfo na ayyukan COVID-19 na jihohi ba kuma ku zaɓi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jihohi. Don haka, waɗannan gwamnonin masu ƙarfin gwiwa suna samun A akan layi.
Mark Gordon ya ci gaba da buɗe makarantu duk 2020-2021 kuma saboda haka ya cancanci karramawa. Takaitaccen wa'adin abin rufe fuska na jiha da barin Teton County don buƙatar abin rufe fuska da rufe gidajen abinci lokacin da muka hau can a cikin 2020 abin takaici ne. Duk da haka, a kan layi, Gordon yana samun A. Ricketts kuma, yana zama a ƙarƙashin radar ƙasa yayin da yake sa Nebraskans farin ciki da zama Nebraskans.
Da B
Gwamnonin Kim Reynolds (IA), Brian Kemp (GA), Doug Burgum (ND), Greg Abbott (TX), Kevin Stitt (OK), Henry McMaster (SC), Eric Holcomb (IN), Brad Little (ID), Mike Parson (MO), Asa Hutchinson (AR), Kate Ivey (AL), Gary Herbert (UT), da Tate Reeves (MS).
Wadannan gwamnonin duk suna da aikin jaha a wani lokaci ko wani lokaci. Yawancin yaran su sun rasa makaranta a 2020-2021 gabaɗaya. An taƙaita kasuwancin kuma yawancin suna da wasu umarni na abin rufe fuska a lokaci ɗaya ko wani. Duk da haka, muna ƙididdigewa a kan lanƙwasa. Waɗannan gwamnonin sun jagoranci taƙaitaccen ƙuntatawa kuma kaɗan daga cikin jahohinsu sun taɓa karya na sama da goma da ke mutuwa a kowace ƙasa. Gwamna Abbott zai kasance C idan bai buɗe komai ba a Texas ba tare da hani ba ko kuma rufe fuska a cikin Maris 2021, yana jagorantar hanyar dawowa. Wannan shi ne matakin daya daga cikin gwamnonin. Asa Hutchinson ya adana yara da yawa a aji fiye da kowane gwamna da ba a kira shi DeSantis ko Gordon ba.
C ta
Gwamnonin Laura Kelly (KS), Bill Lee (TN), Steve Bullock (MT), Gina Raimondo (RI), da Doug Ducey (AZ). Waɗannan gwamnonin aƙalla sun ƙyale wasu yara su kasance cikin aji a ƙarshen 2020 da farkon 2021. Raimondo yana kewaye da mayaƙan kulle-kulle suna hana yara daga aji da kuma rufe kasuwancin, kuma ta sanya yara da yawa a makaranta fiye da kowace jiha a arewa maso gabas ko tsakiyar Atlantic. Ba a isa yara ba, amma muna kan karkata.
Da D
Gwamnonin Jared Polis (CO), Ned Lamont (CT), Andy Beshear (KY), John Bel Edwards (LA), Mike Dunleavy (AK), Brad Little (ID), Mike DeWine (OH), da Jim Justice (WV). Kadan daga cikin waɗannan gwamnonin sun yi kanun labarai tare da matakan kulle-kulle. Babu wanda ya bi ainihin kimiyya, sun tafi tare da fakitin da zaɓe. Karancin darajar su ya dogara ne akan ƙananan yara a cikin aji. Ka tuna, kimiyya. [Jared Polis tun daga lokacin ya zo ya yi wasu maganganu masu ma'ana game da ƙimar hani, zai fi girma idan an haɗa wannan jerin watanni bayan aikina na asali]
F na
Gwamna John Carney (DE), David Ige (HI), Janet Mills (ME), Tim Waltz (MN), Steve Sisolak (NV), Michelle Lujan (NM), Roy Cooper (NC), Kate Brown (OR), Ralph Northam (VA), Jay Inslee (WA), Tony Evers (WI), Larry Hogan (MD), Charlie Baker (MA), Chris Sununu (NHV) da Phil Scott (NHV). Miliyoyin dalibansu an kulle su daga makarantu sama da shekara guda, dubban kasuwanci sun rufe kuma sun bijirewa budewa lokacin da aka bayyana inda kimiyyar ta tsaya. Iyakar ceto ga Ige, Mills, Brown, Scott, Sununu da Inslee shine yayin da suka hana yara daga aji tare da rufe dubban kasuwanci, sun sami ƙarancin mutuwar COVID-19 da kuma duk abin da ke haifar da mace-mace. Wataƙila za su kasance da sun bar yara su sami ilimi kuma su bar kasuwanci suyi aiki.
Cikakkun gazawa
Gwamna Andrew Cuomo (NY), Phil Murphy (NJ), Gavin Newsom (CA), Gretchen Whitmer (MI), JB Pritzker (IL), da Tom Wolf (PA). Akwai wuri na musamman ga gwamnonin da suka kulle yara daga ajujuwa na shekara guda da rabi, sun ba da umarnin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 su koma gidajen kulawa, ba su aiwatar da nasu umarnin ba, rufe dubun-dubatar kasuwanci kuma har yanzu ba su iya doke matsakaicin Amurka a cikin mutuwar COVID-19 ko wuce gona da iri.
