Dukkanmu muna yin kuskuren tunanin "Amurkawa" suna da al'adu iri ɗaya, imani iri ɗaya & dabi'u. Koyaya, yayin da muke haɗin kai a cikin gwajin dimokuradiyyarmu da tukunyar kuɗin da muke biyan harajin tarayya a ciki, mu Amurkawa mutane ne daban-daban, jama'a masu yawan jama'a waɗanda ke mamaye nau'ikan addini, zamantakewa, launin fata, siyasa, da sauran imani da yanayi.
Wuraren da aka gina mu sun fito daga manyan abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya kamar Birnin New York zuwa lungu da sako na ƙauyukan Innuit a Alaska. Gidajenmu sun fito ne daga manya-manyan gidaje da manyan gine-ginen sama zuwa gidaje a kan ciyayi, wuraren zama, da hogan na hamada ba tare da ruwan famfo ba. Yawancin Amirkawa sun sami 'yanci daga tsarin addini kuma suna da 'yanci su yi yawo a duniya a matsayin masu jahilci ko rashin yarda da Allah, wasu kuma mabiya addini ne masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addinin da suka yi imani da hukunci na har abada, reincarnation, da ƙari. Muna da biranen da ke haɓaka iyakokin fasaha tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar 5G da iPhones a cikin kowane aljihu, kuma muna da Amish.
Muna jaddada mahimmancin alaƙar al'adu lokacin da muke koya wa masana kimiyya na yammacin duniya yadda za su gudanar da bincike na ɗabi'a a wasu ƙasashe, kamar lokacin da na shafe wata guda na yin nazarin halittu da kuma haɗawa da mazauna ƙauye a cikin Amazon na Peruvian (a sama-hagu). Koyaya, bai dace ba - kuma Eurocentric - don iyakance aikace-aikacen mu na alaƙar al'adu kawai lokacin ziyartar da aiki tare da al'adun Anglo/Turai da mutane. A cikin Amurka, akwai bambancin ban mamaki a cikin birane da al'adu, daga daji na birni na birnin New York (dama) zuwa gonar iyayena a cikin garin Hispanic & 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da ke kusa da Navajo Nation (a ƙasa-hagu) inda gidaje da yawa, ciki har da namu, rashin ruwa mai gudu kuma ba za su iya yin tsari ba.
A cikin babbar ƙasarmu da bambance-bambancen, gazawar yin amfani da daidaitattun ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a na alaƙar al'adu da kuma jin daɗin yawan jama'a na Amurka yayin da ake tunanin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na iya - kuma kusan tabbas zai - haifar da wuce gona da iri kan shawarwarin manufofin ƙabilanci, kamar tuntuɓar aikace-aikacen ganowa waɗanda ke ba da kariya ga Amish. Manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kabilanci ba su da kyau - yana iya yin watsi da ƙungiyoyin mutanen da ba su da wakilci a kimiyya, kuma yana iya lalata lafiyar jama'a.
Manufofinmu na kiwon lafiyar jama'a na ƙasa da ƙasa suna da rauni ga shawarwarin manufofin ƙabilanci saboda kimiyya, kamar yawancin sassan tattalin arzikinmu, yana da matsalar bambance-bambance. Yayin da 18.4% na Amurkawa 'yan Hispanic ne, kashi 8.4% ne kawai na masu binciken cututtukan cututtukan Hispanic; yayin da kashi 13.4% na Amurkawa baƙar fata ne, kashi 5.4% na masu cutar baƙar fata ne. Yayin da kashi 23% na Amurkawa ‘yan Republican ne, kashi 6% na masana kimiyya ‘yan Republican ne. Har yanzu ban hadu da masanin kimiyyar Amish ba, amma watakila hakan ya faru ne saboda yawancin ayyukan kimiyya suna faruwa akan layi.
Duk da yake tuntuɓar aikace-aikacen neman Amish a fili abin ban dariya ne, akwai wasu, ƙarin misalai masu cutarwa na ƙabilanci a cikin kimiyya da rashin jituwar siyasa a cikin COVID-19. Misali ɗaya mai ƙarfi na musamman na ƙabilanci a cikin manufofin COVID-19 shine yadda masana kimiyya suka yi watsi da manufofin ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin muhawarar da ke tsakanin rage cutar ta hanyar kariyar da aka mayar da hankali, da kuma ɗaukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar sauye-sauye na al'umma kamar kulle-kulle, tafiye-tafiye da takunkumin kasuwanci, da rufe makarantu.
Abun ciki da Ragewa
Kamewa da ragewa, abubuwan da muke jayayya akai sama da shekaru biyu, rarrabuwar kawuna ce ta shawo kan cutar. Duk da haka, mun yi jayayya da wannan ɓacin rai kuma duk wani ɗan tarihi da ke ƙoƙarin fahimtar abin da ya faru a lokacin COVID dole ne ya fahimci mahallin manufofin “ƙulla” sabanin manufofin “ragewa”.
Sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta ana yin su ta hanyar haɗakar rage girman ƙwayoyin cuta da rage watsa kwayar cuta. Za mu iya rage tsanani ta hanyar jiyya, za mu iya rage watsa ta hanyar daban-daban sauye-sauyen hali da kuma marasa magunguna, kuma za mu iya rage duka watsa da kuma wani lokacin tsanani ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Kalubalen tare da COVID-19 shi ne cewa ba mu da ɗanɗano ta hanyar tabbatar da lafiya, inganci, da kuma wadatattun jiyya, kuma ba a kammala gwajin lokaci na 3 don rigakafin ba har sai ƙarshen 2020.
A duk tsawon shekarar 2020, ba mu da alluran rigakafi kuma tambayoyin kimiyya sun ta'allaka ne kan yadda COVID-19 zai kasance idan ta lalata yawan jama'a ba tare da wani ragi ba, nawa ragewa zai iya rage asibitocin COVID-19 da mace-mace, da kuma irin lalacewar da ba mu da magunguna za ta iya haifar. Gina kan tushen waɗannan tambayoyin kimiyya waɗanda ba a amsa ba sune manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na annoba, kuma babbar tambayar manufofin da muka fuskanta a cikin 2020 ita ce ta yaya muke shirye mu je don rage watsawa a cikin caca don rigakafin.
Abin riƙewa Magoya bayan sun kasance a shirye su yi nisa don rage watsawa, duk a cikin babban caca cewa alluran rigakafin na iya tabbatar da aminci da inganci da ceton rayuka fiye da yadda za a rasa daga lalacewar haɗin gwiwa daga tsauraran manufofin COVID. Masu fafutuka sun yi imanin cewa ƙoƙarin rage COVID zai haifar da kashi 0.4% na yawan jama'a a cikin gundumar Amurka ko jihar da ke mutuwa don kararraki, yayin da kusan kashi 0.5-0.8% na yawan jama'a ke mutuwa a ƙarshen bala'in cutar. Don masu ba da shawara, yana da ma'ana a tilasta wa mutane su zauna a gidajensu, a rufe makarantu, don hana tafiye-tafiye & kasuwanci, don yin duk abin da zai yiwu don dakatar da kwayar cutar da jira rigakafin, in ba haka ba miliyoyin Amurkawa za su mutu.
An ƙarfafa manufofin ƙullawa ta hanyar ƙima na COVID da ke ba da shawarar gazawar ɗaukar kwayar cutar zai sa miliyoyin Amurkawa su mutu.
Masu fafutuka kuma sun yi watsi da magana game da farashin shawarwarin manufofinsu amma za su ba da shawarar rage illolin da manufofin cutar ke haifar ta hanyar karuwar kashe kuɗi na tarayya don tallafawa ma'aikata. Masu fafutuka sun yi tunanin gwamnatin tarayya ƙware ce kuma mai iya biyan buƙatun Amurkawa da suka rushe ta hanyar manufofin da ba a taɓa yin irin su ba.
Kusan babu wanda ya sami mafita game da yadda za a magance cutar da ayyukanmu na kasa da ke haifar da mutanen da ke wajen iyakokinmu, kamar karuwar mutane miliyan 20 da ke fuskantar matsananciyar yunwa a Afirka da Asiya ko kuma yara miliyan 100 a duk duniya suna fuskantar talauci mai dimbin yawa sakamakon tabarbarewar tattalin arziki daga kulle-kulle, tafiye-tafiye da kasuwanci, da fargabar kamuwa da cutar, an gaya mana cewa kashi 0.6 na iya kashe mutane.
Ragewa Masu ba da shawara, a gefe guda, sun yi imanin alkaluman nauyin cutar ta COVID ba su da tabbas sosai ko ƙima, cewa kiyasin farashin lafiyar jama'a na manufofin cutar ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma ainihin farashin lafiyar ɗan adam da na jama'a na manufofin tsare-tsare na iya yin girma, cewa gwamnatin tarayya ba za ta iya isa ba don biyan buƙatu daban-daban na mutane miliyan 340 waɗanda rayuwarsu ta rushe ta hanyar manufofin sarrafa jama'a, da cutar da lafiyar jama'a. Sun ba da shawarar yin watsi da cacar rigakafin kuma a maimakon haka a mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin kare marasa lafiya a cikin babban haɗarin COVID-19 ba tare da buƙatar rage watsawa zuwa sifili ba.
Dokta Ioannidis ya yi gargadin cewa rashin tabbas game da nauyin cutar ta COVID ya yi yawa kuma ya tambaya, "Ta yaya masu tsara manufofi za su iya sanin ko suna yin abin kirki fiye da cutarwa?"
Masu ba da shawara na ragewa sun mayar da hankali kan kare gidajen kulawa, ware gwaje-gwaje & abin rufe fuska na N95 ga wuraren kulawa wanda ya kai kusan kashi 50% na mace-mace a farkon barkewar COVID-10. Maimakon ba da tallafin aiki ga ɗaruruwan miliyoyin jama'ar Amurkawa tare da bincikar abubuwan da za su iya haifar da hauhawar farashi, kuma ba su da wani shiri don magance yunwa da talauci a wajen iyakokinmu, masu ra'ayin ragewa sun yi jayayya don shakatawa na ƙuntatawa da ba da tallafin tattalin arziki mai da hankali ga 'yan miliyoyin mutane waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin asibiti ko mutuwa daga COVID-19.
A tsakiyar shekara ta 2020, yayin da masu ilimin cututtukan dabbobi suka yi gargaɗi game da illolin ƙwayar cuta, masana tattalin arziƙi sun yi gargaɗi game da illolin daga martaninmu game da cutar. Salamun rushewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki sun kunno kai saboda kulle-kulle, takunkumin tafiye-tafiye / kasuwanci, da canje-canjen halayen mabukaci daga saƙon annoba mai tsananin gaske tare da haɓaka talauci da matsananciyar yunwa, yayin da mutanen da ke rayuwa akan $1 a rana ba sa samun dala 1 a rana, yayin da kuma suka katse hanyoyin sufuri da ƙungiyoyin agaji ke amfani da su don kawar da yunwa a cikin mafi talauci a duniya.
Muhawara ta Babban (Barrington).
Kamar yadda aka gani, "Tsarin" tare da "Rage Ragewa" rarrabuwa ce ta sarrafa cuta. Koyaya, da yawa daga cikin shawarwarin Amurkawa game da manufofin cutar sankara sun koma cikin tattaunawa na kabilanci na "Tsarin" da "Rage Rage", tare da bayyananniyar ra'ayi a cikin sansanonin kamar yadda manyan cututtukan cututtukan cuta da masu sassaucin ra'ayi suka yi kira da a karfafa matakan kula da cututtuka na tarayya da na kasa da kasa yayin da masana tattalin arziki, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, da wasu masanan tattalin arziki da yawa suka yi kira da a samar da hanyoyin rage lalacewa daga COVID-1.
Masana kimiyya sun bambanta a cikin kimantawarsu game da tsananin SARS-CoV-2, kiwon lafiya da tsadar tattalin arziƙin manufofin cutar, da yuwuwar ingancin ayyukan da ba na magunguna ba. Duk da haka, duk da waɗannan ingantattun sabani tsakanin masana kimiyya kan tushen kimiyya na manufofin bala'i, masana kimiyya da yawa sun kasa amincewa da waɗannan sabani na halal, kuma yawancin manyan jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun rungumi manufofin ɗaukar hoto da saƙon yayin ƙirƙirar mazaje daga muhawarar ragewa.
A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, an sanya hannu kan Babban Sanarwar Barrington kuma an sake shi ga jama'a, tare da ba da shawarar kariyar mai da hankali a matsayin manufar lafiyar jama'a da ke da ikon rage cutar da cutar da manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2020, shugaban NIH Francis Collins da shugaban NIAID da kuma shugaban manufofin cutar sankara na Amurka Anthony Fauci sun aika imel ga wani. "Babban saukarwa" na Babban Sanarwar Barrington. Yayin da ba a ambaci "kariyar garken garken" a ko'ina ba a cikin Babban Sanarwa na Barrington, yawancin masu ba da shawara sun fara ba da bayanin kariya da aka mayar da hankali a matsayin dabarar "kariyar garken garken".
A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2020 ne Darakta-Janar na WHO ya kira ragewa "dabarun rigakafi" sannan tace"A tarihin lafiyar jama'a ba a taɓa yin amfani da rigakafin garken garken a matsayin dabara ba'. A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, Rochelle Walensky (wanda yanzu ke jagorantar CDC), Marc Lipsitch (Masanin ilimin cututtukan Harvard T-Chan wanda yanzu ke gudanar da cibiyar hasashen barkewar cutar & nazari a CDC), Gregg Gonsalves ( farfesa a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Yale wanda ya saba yiwa GBD akan Twitter, wanda kuma ya yi la'akari da shi. ya ba Fauci damar haɓaka martanin tarayya ga COVID-19 a cikin Maris 2020) da Carlos del Rio ya rubuta wata kasida da ke la'antar Babban Sanarwar Barrington a matsayin "dabarun rigakafin garken garken". Marc Lipsitch ya tuntubi Pfizer da Moderna kan allurar su na COVID-19, rikicin ban sha'awa da ba a bayyana ba a labarin Washington Post yana jayayya cewa miliyoyin Amurkawa na iya mutuwa sai dai idan ba mu daina yadawa ba har sai alluran sun zo.
A bayan Babban Bayanin Barrington, duk da haka, mahimman shaidar kimiyya suna fitowa. Tun daga farkon barkewar cutar, Sweden ta karɓi 'yan sanda na ragewa COVID-19 kuma ta zaɓi daina rufe makarantu, mashaya da gidajen abinci don mai da hankali kan kariyar su ga marasa lafiya da ke cikin haɗarin COVID-XNUMX. Don wannan ƙetare, 'yan saƙon kimiyya da manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi wa Sweden aljanu a cikin manyan gidajen watsa labarai na Amurka. A bayanin kula, Martin Kulldorf, daya daga cikin masu rattaba hannu kan sanarwar Babban Barrington ya fito ne daga Sweden, duk da haka maimakon fahimtar al'adun Sweden, imani da dabi'u, da kuma yadda wadannan bambance-bambancen al'adu na iya haifar da daidaituwar Dokta Kulldorf da manufofin Sweden, masana kimiyya sun yi la'akari da Sweden da Babban Sanarwar Barrington.
Yawancin maganganun masana tarihi na Amurka da kuma lambobin kiwon lafiya na gwamnati, suna kuma kunshe da sashen sashen siyasa a Sweden.
Saboda Sweden ta karɓi tsarin ragewa ga COVID-19, masu ba da shawara tare da kusanci ga martanin tarayya na Amurka, da kuma masu ilimin cututtukan dabbobi a Burtaniya, sun haɓaka labarai game da sakamakon "mummunan" a Sweden saboda gazawar su na kullewa. Duk da haka, Sweden ta kiyaye ƙarancin adadin mace-mace fiye da Amurka da Burtaniya.
Bari mu zuƙowa kaɗan don ganin babban hoto.
An sami ingantacciyar sabani ta kimiyya akan nauyin COVID da kuma kan farashi da fa'idodin sassan marasa magani. A cikin babbar ƙasa mai yawan jama'a tare da rarrabuwar kawuna na siyasa game da alaƙar ayyukan jihohi da gwamnatocin tarayya, wanda CDC hukuma ce mai zaman kanta kuma ana ba jihohi ikon da ba a ƙididdige su a cikin kundin tsarin mulki ba, ƙaramin tsarin siyasa na masana kimiyya ya ja ragamar manufofin lafiyar jama'a na ƙasarmu zuwa abubuwan da suke so na siyasa, a fili a fili lokacin da Gregg Gonsalves ya ba da martani ga gwamnatin tarayya.
Saƙon manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Tarayyar Amurka kan COVID-19 ya yi kama da ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya kamar WHO, wanda duk ya yi daidai da ra'ayin karya da aka gabatar ta hanyar saƙon kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun kan COVID-19, waɗanda duk sun ƙarfafa sauye-sauye na al'umma, daga kulle-kulle zuwa mashaya / gidajen cin abinci & rufe makarantu.
Tambarin zaɓen manufofin da manyan masana ilimin kimiya suka gabatar wa Amirkawa ba cikakke ba ne, na haƙiƙan tsarin mafita ga matsalar kimiyya da aka gabatar ta hanyar rashin son zuciya. Maimakon haka, masu tsara manufofin tarayya na Amurka da ƙwararrun masana cututtukan cututtukan da ke da alaƙa sun ba da fifikon gabatar da fifikon fifikon manufofin da waɗannan masana kimiyya suka zaɓa waɗanda ke jagorantar labarin cututtukan cuta da lafiyar jama'a a Amurka.
Amurkawa sun bambanta da akidarsu, ka'idoji da dabi'u, kuma yayin da wasu na iya kimanta wani kakkarfan sa hannun gwamnati da nufin dakatar da barkewar cutar, wasu na iya yin karfi daidai, kuma tare da daidaitattun al'adu da dabi'un da suka samu daga rayuwarsu gaba daya da suke rayuwa a cikin al'ummominsu, suna fatan ikon lafiyar jama'a a bar su ga jihohi da / ko jama'a. Muna da gwamnati da ke da madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya, da kuma rashin jituwa tsakanin Amurkawa game da wanda ya kamata ya yi abin yayin bala'in. Muhimmin batu a nan shi ne cewa duka masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya 'yan Amurka ne, kuma mun bambanta sosai a cikin ra'ayoyinmu don ba da izinin samun ƙarin jiyya ta al'adu a cikin lafiyar jama'a.
Koyaya, kimiyyar da aka gabatar wa Amurkawa, kamar kiyasin miliyoyin mutuwar a ƙarƙashin manufofin ragewa, yana cikin muhawara. Gina kan nuna son kai game da rashin tabbas na kimiyya, ƙididdiga a cikin ilimin cututtukan cuta da lafiyar jama'a ba za su iya gabatar da manufofin da suka dace da dabi'u masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba, kuma ba su sanya tunaninsu cikin aikin haɓaka tasirin ƙoƙarin lafiyar jama'a a cikin iyakokin imani na ra'ayin mazan jiya ba. Manufofin tsare-tsare waɗanda suka zama “saƙon” daga manyan masu kula da lafiyar jama’a a Amurka an gabatar da su azaman maƙasudi da ingantaccen ɗabi'a ga cutar, amma a zahiri sun kasance zaɓin manufofin ra'ayi ne daga mutanen da suka fito daga ƙarshen bakan na aƙidar siyasar Amurka.
Madadin manufofi kamar ragi da Babban Sanarwa na Barrington ya gabatar kuma aka karbe su a wurare kamar Florida da South Dakota da gaske sun yi daidai da imani da dabi'un wasu Amurkawa. Koyaya, waɗannan madadin manufofin - waɗanda yakamata a yi la'akari da su azaman lafiyar jama'a mai shiga tsakani daga wata ƙungiyar al'adu daban-daban a Amurka - an lakafta su da rashin ɗa'a, fasikanci, kisan kai, "kisan kiyashi" da "mai kishin al'ada" (Ina fata ina wasa) da membobin wata ƙungiyar al'adu a Amurka.
Lokacin da fitattun fitattun ƴan siyasa da na kimiyya a fagen suka bayyana rashin jituwarsu tare da wannan yarjejeniya ta ƙarya akan kimiyya da siyasa, shugabannin NIH da NIAID suka shirya wani mugun nufi. A cikin kwanaki 10 na ba da shawarar "kyakkyawan ɓarna" na wasu shawarwarin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, mun ga ainihin abin da Collins da Fauci ke so.
Kiran lafiyar jama'a mai kama da "shin wani ba zai kawar da ni daga wannan tsaka mai wuya ba?" An biye da ɗimbin ɓangarori da ke fitowa daga kowane ɓangarorin yanayin yanayin mu, gami da shuɗi masu alamar bayanan martabar Twitter da aka yi wa hatimi a matsayin hukuma, ingantattun hanyoyin samun bayanai zuwa editoci daga shahararrun masana cutar a cikin manyan kantuna kamar Washington Post, har ma da babban darektan WHO. Magoya bayansu suna kallon abubuwan da suka faru kamar yadda ya cancanta don kiyaye haɗin kai a cikin saƙon lafiyar jama'a, amma kuma ana iya kallon su a matsayin rikice-rikicen al'adu wanda al'ada ɗaya - masu sassaucin ra'ayi - ke da damar samun ikon kula da lafiyar jama'a, daga martabar annoba da alaƙar kafofin watsa labarai zuwa naƙasu na hukuma a shugaban gwamnatin tarayya.
Ra'ayin mai ra'ayin rikice-rikice game da rikice-rikice na COVID-19 tare da muhawarar ragewa na iya ganin daidai cewa masana kimiyya, da kansu sun nutse cikin rikice-rikicen al'adu, sun yi amfani da ikon cibiyarsu don sanya 'yan mazan jiya' - sauran al'adun - manufofin da aka fi so su zama wawa, rashin da'a, da kuskure a kimiyyance. Ba ya cikin littafin ƙa'idar manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a don amfani da damar da aka baiwa masana kimiyya da shugabannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a don murkushe haɗin kai da shigar da al'adun tsiraru a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Manufar wannan rugujewar adawar siyasa game da Babban Sanarwar Barrington musamman, da kuma ga 'yan sanda masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu goyon bayansu gabaɗaya, shine don ƙarfafa saƙon cewa manufofin ragewa za su haifar da mutuwar miliyoyin Amurkawa, cewa alluran rigakafin ya zama dole don ceton miliyoyin rayukan Amurkawa, kuma ya kamata Amurkawa su goyi bayan manufofi kamar umarnin fakewa, rufe makarantu, ba da izinin yin alluran rigakafi na Biritaniya. Wasan whack-a-mole na kulle-kulle, da ƙasashe masu dogon tarihi na haɓaka haƙƙin jama'a yakamata su jure cin zarafi na 'yancin ɗan adam duk da zanga-zangar da rashin samun ingantaccen izini daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma a cikin al'ummarmu masu yawan jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, wasu da ke cikin wannan saƙon sun tuntubi kamfanonin rigakafin da aka sanya don samun biliyoyin daloli daga wannan caca, ko kuma sun taimaka Operation Warp Speed kuma, saboda haka, ba a bayyana manyan rikice-rikice na buƙatun ba ko kuma ba a tattauna su ba.
Matsalolin kiwon lafiyar jama'a
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tsaron gama gari na blitzkrieg a kan Babban Sanarwar Barrington, kuma a kan masana kimiyya kamar Levitt, Ioannidis da sauran waɗanda suka yi magana a baya, shi ne cewa wadannan 'yan damfara masana kimiyya, ta hanyar yin magana da gaske ra'ayinsu, suna gabatar da sakwanni masu karo da juna, kuma saƙonnin lafiya masu cin karo da juna na iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau. Idan masana kimiyya sun yi kiyasin - duk da gaske - cewa SARS-CoV-2 na iya ba zai kashe kashi 1% na mutanen da yake cutar ba amma, maimakon haka, na iya kashe 0.2-0.4% na mutanen da ta kamu da cutar, to, an yi gardama, irin waɗannan ƙididdiga na iya haifar da haɗarin diyya da rashin gamsuwa wanda ke ƙara adadin mutanen da suka mutu daga COVID.
Duk da yake bayanan kiwon lafiya masu karo da juna na iya haifar da rudani kuma suna iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau, kuma gaskiya ne cewa gabatar da ra'ayi na karya kan al'amuran kimiyya yana yin cacar amincin lafiyar jama'a kan kimiyyar da ba ta da tabbas kuma, idan cacar ta yi kuskure, na iya haifar da rashin yarda ga masana kimiyya da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a daidai lokacin da ake buƙatar amana. Hakanan gaskiya ne cewa ƙoƙarin lafiyar jama'a na kabilanci na iya haifar da lahani ta hanyar ba da shawarar manufofin da ba su dace da mutane ba.
Muna magana ne game da ƙabilanci a cikin lafiyar jama'a lokacin da muke ba da shawara ga Turawa da Amurkawa kan yadda za su tunkari yin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a wurare kamar Afirka, amma waɗannan ka'idodin ɗan adam har yanzu suna aiki yayin aiki a cikin ƙasarmu. Yana da kabilanci ga masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi amfani da mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin layin NE don tsara al'adunsu, imani da dabi'u don tunanin manufofin da suka fi so su ne mafi dacewa manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya waɗanda suka kashe mafi yawan rayuwarsu a yankunan karkarar Dakota ta Kudu.
Ilimin kimiyya ya fita, kuma kiyasi na nauyin annoba da masu ba da goyan baya suka bayar sun kasance, a zahiri, ƙima mai yawa. South Dakota, Florida, da Sweden sun zama ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa na duniya - waɗannan yankuna sun yi watsi da tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare masu tsada don ba da fifiko ga 'yan sandan kariya. Amma duk da haka, a tsakiyar Oktoba 2020, manyan masu ilimin cutar a duniya da kuma manzannin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi iƙirarin kashi 0.4% na yawan jama'a za su mutu don kawai lamuran sun yi yawa, amma a duk waɗannan yankuna bayan manufofin ragewa, lamuran sun kai kololuwa lokacin da 0.1% na yawan jama'a suka mutu, tare da ƙarin lokaci da ya rage don tilasta yanayi don fitar da shari'o'i mafi girma, duk da haka lokuta sun ƙi ba tare da alluran rigakafi ba.
Mutane da yawa sun mutu daga COVID, amma masu ba da izini sun yi kiyasin cewa ga duk mutumin da ya mutu a cikakkun asibitocin South Dakota, wasu uku sun mutu a cikin gidajensu, kuma an yi amfani da waɗannan ƙididdiga don tabbatar da martani mai ƙarfi na tarayya ga COVID-19, ɓarna na daban-daban - masu wayo da halal - ra'ayoyin siyasa, da sauran ayyukan rashin haƙuri na ƙiyayya waɗanda ke iyakance bambancin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Wannan yanayin ranar kiyama bai taba faruwa ba, kuma wannan yanayin ranar kiyama ya kasance ginshiki ga tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare.
Yawancin lardunan Amurka sun ga shari'o'in COVID sun yi yawa kafin zuwan rigakafin. Maimakon kololuwa kusan kusan kashi 0.4% na yawan mace-mace da aka kiyasta ta hanyar masu ba da izini (layin baƙar fata a cikin rukunin C), barkewar cutar ta Amurka ta yi kamari a cikin adadin yawan jama'a na fashewar Maris-Afrilun 2020 na New York City, yana tabbatar da alkalumman kimiyar cutar cutar masu ba da shawara.
Bayan yarjejeniya ta karya da ke lalata kimiyyar cututtukan cututtukan da kanta, tsarin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a game da dabarun tsare-tsare da masana kimiyyar annoba da alkaluman kiwon lafiyar jama'a suka gabatar ba ita ce kawai hanyar da za a bi wajen manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Amurka ba, nuni ne na iyakance bambancin siyasa na wannan rukuni. Ta hanyar yin amfani da ikonsu na kimiyya bisa kuskure da mukamansu a cikin ma'aikatun tarayya don lalata yunƙurin sa hannu na ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin lafiyar jama'a, waɗannan manyan cututtukan cututtukan cuta da ƙwararrun kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi aiki mai mahimmanci, na tarihi na kabilanci.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa masu sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin wannan ƙasa mai yawan jama'a za su so manzo na tarayya mai ƙarfi don manufofin COVID-19, kamar yadda Dr. Gregg Gonsalves ya yi lokacin da ya kai ga Fauci a cikin Maris 19th 2020 yana yin kira ga ƙarfafa saƙon tarayya. Masu sassaucin ra'ayi a Amurka suna son ba da ayyuka ga gwamnatin tarayya, masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun amince da gwamnatin tarayya (musamman wadanda aka nada a hukumomin zartarwa kamar NIAID), kuma suna da kyakkyawan tunanin abin da gwamnatin tarayya ke iyawa. Dangantakar masu sassaucin ra'ayi da gwamnatin tarayya ta sha banban da ra'ayin 'yan mazan jiya na gwamnatin tarayya a matsayin wani babban dodo, mai bin doka da oda wanda ke haifar da gazawa.
Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na iya fi amincewa da manzanni na gida da manufofin gida, kuma yawancin waɗannan manufofin gida na iya fifita hakki akan mai kyau, ko kuma za su iya daidaita haɗarin COVID da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa, gami da mace-mace a wajen Amurka kamar> mutane miliyan 20 da suka fuskanci matsananciyar yunwa a Afirka da Asiya sakamakon tsare-tsare da fargabar COVID.
Yawancin masana cututtukan cututtukan, duk da haka, sun yi amfani da damarsu na gata a matsayin furofesoshi a manyan cibiyoyi, da alaƙarsu da Anthony Fauci da manyan kafofin watsa labarai don jawo manufofin Amurka a cikin fifikon masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Sanya kabilanci na manufofinsu kan babbar ƙasa mai yawan jama'a ya zo ne a kan kashe masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na ƙasar, da sauran waɗanda ba su da cikakken wakilci a kimiyya, waɗanda imaninsu, ƙa'idodi da ƙimarsu ba su da wakilci a cikin tsarin lafiyar jama'ar Amurka yayin COVID. Lokacin da bambancin siyasa ya bayyana a cikin manufofi daban-daban a fadin Florida, Texas, da South Dakota, gwamnonin wadannan jihohi sun zama masu kiyayya ta yanar gizo daga masana kimiyya da masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a, kuma masana cututtukan cututtuka sun sanya ayyukansu a matsayin lalata.
Nazarin Harka: Dr. Gavin Yamey Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ne mai binciken lafiya na duniya a Jami'ar Duke. Yayin da yake bibiyar bambance-bambancen al'adu a cikin aikinsa kan Afirka, yayin COVID-19 Dr. Yamey, kamar Dr. Gregg Gonsalves, ya zama babban mai sukar manufofin COVID-19 na Amurka masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, yana sukar masu tunani na Libertarian, Libertarianism, da sauran akidun siyasar Amurka da aka saba da su a cikin al'adun Amurka da bai saba da su ba. Wadannan hasashen al'adu daban-daban sun soki manufofin da masu sassaucin ra'ayi ke goyan bayan a matsayin rashin da'a saboda haduwarsu da shahararrun 'yan ́yanci da masu taimakon jama'a na Amurka. Yaushe bambance-bambancen al'adu ba su da wakilci a tsakanin ƙwararrun manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a suna ba da garantin alaƙar al'adu don tabbatar da daidaiton wakilci a cikin lafiyar jama'a? Me yasa ba a ganin ba da shawarar manufofin ƴancin ƴancin Amurka a matsayin shiga da shiga cikin al'adu tare da ra'ayi na gaske? Me yasa Libertarianism "mara kyau" tsakanin malaman lafiyar jama'a? Shin waɗannan tweets sun inganta ko kuma suna cutar da rashin wakilci na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin lafiyar jama'a?
Na dan dakika daya, bari mu yi tunanin duk masu fama da cutar da kuma alkalumman kiwon lafiyar jama'a Amurkawa ne da Birtaniyya, kuma a maimakon tattaunawa kan manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Florida, Texas, da Dakota ta Kudu, yankunan da ke ba da shawarar manufofi daban-daban sun mayar da hankali ne a Latin Amurka da kasashe masu karamin karfi a Afirka. Yawancin a cikin lafiyar jama'a na zamani sun yarda cewa ba zai zama rashin da'a ba ga wani ƙaramin rukunin masu fama da cututtukan cututtukan fata na Yammacin Yamma su wuce girman girman cutar, shuka tsoro a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe masu cike da mutane masu al'adu daban-daban, da amfani da manyan kafofin watsa labaru don tura manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da suka fi so a kan sauran mutane & al'adu. Duk da haka, ko ta yaya wannan tsirara ƙabilanci ba a tattauna shi ba, kuma a zahiri ana gardamar cewa yana da ɗa'a idan aka yi shi gabaɗaya a cikin al'adu a cikin Amurka.
Ba zai zama rashin da'a don tura manufofin mutum ba idan Amurkawa al'adu iri ɗaya ne da / ko kuma idan ya kasance a bayyane lokacin da alaƙar al'adu ke tallafawa shiga cikin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a tare da lokacin da manufofin kabilanci ke sanya takunkumi na mulkin mallaka. Tabbas, Amurkawa suna da yawan al'adu da yawa da kuma al'adar kiwon lafiyar jama'a game da kabilanci, na kimanta shiga, ba a bayyane yake ba amma an gina shi ta hanyar zamantakewa, don haka dole ne mu tambayi kanmu: shin da gaske mun yi imani da ka'idodin da aka zayyana na ƙarfafa shiga cikin duniya mai yawan jama'a? Yaushe waɗannan dokoki ba za su ƙara aiki ba? Shin yana da da'a ga manyan masana cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi da alkalumman kiwon lafiyar jama'a suyi amfani da rashin daidaiton ikon su don nuna sa hannun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin lafiyar jama'a yayin COVID-19?
Maganin manufofin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na masana kimiyya da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a na COVID-19 ya kasance na kabilanci tsirara, wani mummunan tunani na filin da ba shi da bambancin siyasa kuma saboda haka ya kama shi cikin kumfa mai karfafa kai. Yana da wahala a yi tunanin yawancin matasa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya za su so su zama likitan dabbobi bayan wannan gogewar a cikin COVID, kuma a zahiri wannan al'adar wani bangare ne na dalilin da ya sa na bar cututtukan cututtuka.
Na girma a New Mexico tare da abokai 'yan Libertarian da yawa, tare da gonar iyali da ba ta da ruwan sha kamar yawancin gidajen da ke kusa da Navajo Nation, kuma na sami rashin bambancin al'adu da siyasa na annoba ya makantar da filin da manyan muryoyin halalcin bambance-bambancen al'adu a Amurka. Tsiraran kabilanci da rashin haƙƙin siyasa na fitattun masana cututtukan cuta a lokacin COVID sun cire muryoyi daban-daban daga tattaunawar don nuna goyon baya ga yarjejeniya ta ƙarya a kimiyya, da rashin ɗa'a na manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da aka samo daga keɓance yawancin ƙananan al'adu na Amurka daga tsarin lafiyar jama'a.
Fannin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan da ba da ɓata lokaci a cikin Afirka da Asiya. Masana ilimin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na Mots sun koyi misalan tarihi na yadda manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kabilanci na masu ilimin kimiyyar farar fata suka haifar da lahani ga mutane masu launi a cikin al'adu daban-daban. Koyaya, wannan ka'ida ta jure wa bambancin ɗan adam, dagewar dangantakar al'adu, an jefar da ita ta taga lokacin da ake magana da ƴan uwanmu Amurkawa.
Epidemiology da lafiyar jama'a, tare da irin wannan ƙarancin wakilci na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin sahu namu, sun haɗu tare da rashin haƙuri na manufofin da ba su nuna imani da dabi'un masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba, da sauran al'adu a cikin al'ummarmu masu yawan jama'a. Lokacin da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka ba da shawarar manufofin ragewa da za su goyi bayan, masanan cututtukan cuta sun yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu da haɗin gwiwar kafofin watsa labarai da aka samu daga matsayinsu na masana kimiyyar ɗabi'a don ba da halaccin waɗannan ra'ayoyi masu adalci da yawa.
A cikin al'ummar kimiyya an soki Babban Barrington Declaration na ƙarya don samun kuɗin da wani mai ra'ayin sassaucin ra'ayi ya ba da shi - mai tunani ba mai sassaucin ra'ayi ba ne kuma bai ba da kuɗin GBD ba - duk da haka masanin ilimin ɗan adam na al'ada zai yarda cewa 'yancin kai ba mummunar kalma ba ce, shi ne. falsafar siyasa da kashi 17-23% na jama'ar Amirka ke da shi kuma kusan babu masana kimiyyar da ke riƙe da shi, da kuma al'ummar kimiyyar da ke nuna falsafar falsafar siyasa da Amurkawa da yawa ke riƙe da su, amma ba ta masana kimiyya ba, babban misali ne na ƙarancin bambance-bambance a cikin ilimin kimiyyar samar da manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na kabilanci a cikin gaggawa ta ƙasa.
Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya mutane ne, suma. Masana cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi da malaman lafiyar jama'a suna buƙatar sake yin nazari kan ɗabi'un ɗan adam don fayyace dalilin da yasa ba a ba masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a Amurka irin wannan fa'idar shakku ba yayin COVID kamar yadda ake ba da al'adun fararen fata a cikin sauran martanin lafiyar jama'a a duniya. Ba daidai ba ne a ce ra'ayin mazan jiya ba al'adar da ta cancanci kulawa, kariya, da mutuntawa ta lafiyar jama'a ba. Yabo da juriya ga bambance-bambancen al'adu a cikin al'ummarmu mai yawan jama'a zai haifar da bambancin ɗan adam kuma ya gayyaci al'adu daban-daban don shiga cikin tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ba tare da la'akari da ko waɗannan bambance-bambancen al'adu sun faru tare da launin fata, addini, yanki, tattalin arziki, jinsi, jima'i, ko siyasa na bambancin ɗan adam.
Hanyoyin wallafe-wallafen masana kimiyya suna kai hari ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya yana da tsawo. Kiyayyar siyasa da bangaranci da masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a ke amfani da su a lokacin rikici sun yi watsi da ɗimbin jama'ar Amurkawa masu imani daban-daban, ƙa'idodi & dabi'u waɗanda ba su da wakilci a kimiyya, waɗanda ke da gaske masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ko masu 'yanci, kuma waɗannan masanan sun haifar da al'ada mai ƙiyayya ga 'yan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin cututtukan cututtukan cuta da lafiyar jama'a a daidai lokacin da muke buƙata, lokacin da muke buƙatar shiga tsakani. bene. Waɗannan malaman kiwon lafiyar jama'a iri ɗaya waɗanda ke nuna masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a Amurka sun yi nisa sosai don fitar da martanin lafiyar jama'a ta tarayya ga COVID-19.
Yanzu, akwai ƙarin mutuwar COVID-19 a cikin jajayen larduna fiye da larduna masu shuɗi, wani tasiri da aka danganta da raguwar ɗaukar alluran rigakafin a jahohin ja kafin guguwar Delta. Yayin da muke kallon wannan sabon ƙayyadaddun yanayin zamantakewa / siyasa na mace-mace yayin COVID, wata tambaya mai ban tsoro da yakamata muyi la'akari da ita ita ce watakila masana kimiyya sun gaza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da sauran masu ba da shawarar manufofin ragewa suna gaya mana abin da za su fi son yi, suna shiga cikin lafiyar jama'a. Duk da haka, saboda dabi'un masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da abubuwan da suka fi so sun bambanta da na mafi yawan masu ilimin cututtuka, masu ilimin cututtuka sun yi watsi da shawarwarin manufofin ra'ayin mazan jiya, da kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun fara rashin yarda da kimiyya da sauri yayin da amana na masu sassaucin ra'ayi kan kimiyya ya karu.
Tare da irin wannan mahimmancin muna kallon bambancin launin fata da zamantakewa a cikin lafiya, dole ne mu bincika waɗannan rashin daidaiton siyasa a cikin mace-macen COVID-19, da wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ga amintaccen kimiyya, kuma mu yi tambaya: shin masu ilimin cututtukan dabbobi ba da son rai suke yi wa duk Amurkawa hidima a lokacin COVID? Shin za a iya rage waɗannan rashin daidaito idan masu cutar cututtukan dabbobi da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun fi tausayi, da ƙarancin kabilanci, sun rungumi jam'iyyar Amurka a manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a?
Shin masu binciken cutar Blue sun yi watsi da Red America?
Jam'iyyar Amurka a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a
Na mai da hankali ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a nan saboda ina da ƴan ƙasusuwan mazan jiya a jikina kuma na iya magana daga gogewa. Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a sarari rukuni ne da ba a ba da shi ba tsakanin masana cututtukan cututtuka da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a, kuma akidar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da dabi'u sun bambanta sosai da imani na sassaucin ra'ayi & dabi'u don tabbatar da ainihin abin da ake so amma manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a daban-daban.
Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba a mayar da su saniyar ware a tarihi ba kamar yadda 'yan tsirarun kabilanci, yawanci batutuwan "dangantakar al'adu", sun kasance. Duk da haka, ta hanyar kasancewa da bambancin al'adu, ta hanyar rashin wakilci a kimiyya, kuma ta ƙunshi babban kaso na mutane har ma da wakilai a cikin jamhuriyar dimokiradiyya ta mu, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun gwada sadaukarwarmu ga manufofin haƙuri a cikin kimiyya da ka'idodin lafiyar lafiyar jama'a suna gargadi game da illolin rashin wakilci daga wuraren aiki na jama'a ba tare da haɗakarwa ba, da kuma manufofin kabilanci a cikin ilimin kimiyya.
Dangane da COVID, manufofin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne wadanda masu rinjaye suka yi ba'a sosai, al'adun siyasa masu sassaucin ra'ayi na masana cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a, da kuma shawarwarin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na martanin siyasa ga COVID ana ganin gurbatattu ko mugunta daga masana kimiyya da yawa tare da ƙiyayya ga ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Daga wani kusurwa, masana kimiyya na iya ganin kansu a matsayin masu hana rugujewar bayanai da kuma kiyaye saƙo a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, amma daga wani kusurwar masana kimiyya a cikin COVID ana iya ganin su a matsayin masu adawa da juna, kuma ta haka ba su da tushe, ƙungiyar da ba ta wakilci a cikin kimiyya a lokacin zurfin ɓarna mai zurfi da faɗaɗa al'adu a cikin Amurka.
A zamaninmu mai tsananin bangaranci, shin yana yiwuwa ma masana kimiyya da masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a, tare da nuna fifikonsu na ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyu biyu, su zama jagororin ƙasarsu marasa son kai? Ko kuwa son zuciya na siyasa na masana kimiyya suna karkatar da ma'auni na manufofin kuma suna goyon bayan shaidar kimiyya da ke goyan bayan kowace jam'iyya ta sami karin masana kimiyya?
Muna yin tambayoyi iri ɗaya game da launin fata, na ko masu shari'a farar fata suna da ikon tantance gaskiya a cikin lamuran da suka shafi launin fata. Muna yin tambayoyi iri ɗaya game da jima'i da jinsi, ko maza a Kotun Koli za su iya gudanar da shari'o'in da suka shafi 'yancin mata da gaske, ko madaidaitan alkalai za su iya fahimta kuma su kasance da haƙiƙa kan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam. Daidai ne kawai, kuma a cikin sha'awar manufar sassaucin ra'ayi na jam'i mai juriya, yin tambayoyi iri ɗaya na ko masana kimiyya a cikin jama'a masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna iya yin abin da ya dace duk da tsarin siyasarsu na son zuciya.
Babban burin rungumar yawan jama'ar Amirka ya fi girma fiye da ƙarfafa juriyar kimiyya a cikin rarrabuwar kawuna. Cikakken ikon jam'iyyar Amurka ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kabilanci, yanki, zamantakewa, zamantakewa, jinsi, addini, da dai sauransu, da yadda duk waɗannan ke haɗuwa. Duk da haka, a cikin lafiyar jama'a akwai ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a gama gari na alaƙar al'adu, ɗabi'a da aka jefa ta taga yayin COVID-19 lokacin da masana kimiyya masu sassaucin ra'ayi suka nuna ƙoƙarin sa hannu na ra'ayin mazan jiya. Kafin annoba ta gaba, dole ne mu ƙarfafa ginshiƙin ɗabi'a na alaƙar al'adu a cikin lafiyar jama'a tare da sake duba al'adun Amurka da yawa da taƙaitaccen bayani wanda manyan al'adun gargajiya ba su wakilta sosai ko kuma kula da su daga cututtukan cututtuka ko jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Hanyar Fada
Abu na farko da ya kamata mu gane shi ne cewa girman daya da wuya ya dace da duk fadin babbar kasarmu. Yayin da ma'aikatan fasaha a birnin New York za su iya aiki daga gida maimakon hawan jirgin karkashin kasa don yin aiki a kowace rana, mutanen da ke aiki da rijiyoyin mai a Texas, wuraren kiwo a Montana, da gonaki a Iowa na iya kasa yin aiki daga gida. Yayin da yawancin fararen fata ke zaune a cikin ƙananan gidaje tare da iyalansu na nukiliya kuma suna iya raba kansu da kakanni, yawancin mutanen Hispanic da 'yan asalin Amurka suna zaune a cikin manyan gidaje masu yawa tare da ma'aikata masu mahimmanci, kuma dattawa su ne masu kula da yara na farko kuma a cikin waɗannan gidaje masu yawa da ke kare dattawa na iya amfana daga takamaiman nau'o'in tallafi, daga matakan ganganci, ƙarin kariya mai mahimmanci.
A ko'ina cikin ɗimbin al'ummomin mu na Amurka, manufa ko saƙon lafiyar jama'a da ke aiki a inda kuke rayuwa na iya cutar da mutanen da ke zaune a wani wuri daban, waɗanda ke da al'adu, imani da ƙima daban-daban. Kamar yadda girman ɗaya ba zai taɓa dacewa da duka ba, yana ƙara zama mahimmanci ga masana kimiyya waɗanda ke taimaka wa duniyar jama'a don guje wa son zuciya ta siyasa ko ta halin kaka, da gangan don ƙirƙirar sarari don madadin ra'ayoyi.
Na biyu, dole ne mu nuna godiya ga iyakantaccen matsayinmu da ɗakunan ajiya tare da tawali'u game da abin da 'yan sanda ko saƙon za su yi aiki ga mutane daga wasu al'adu. Yawancin masu fama da cutar farar fata da ke zaune a cikin layin NE sun ce "kariyar da aka mayar da hankali" da kare tsofaffi ba za su taɓa yin aiki ba. A cikin al'ummominsu da al'adunsu, tsofaffi suna kamuwa da kwayar cutar a ko'ina a cikin manyan wuraren metro, a cikin gine-gine da kuma cikin jiragen karkashin kasa. Koyaya, a cikin ƙabilun ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka a duk faɗin yamma, dattawa ana iya gane su kuma membobi ne na ƙabilun kuma suna "kare dattawa" waɗanda ke da alaƙa da al'adun kabilanci wanda ya isa ya zama taken bayan ƙoƙarin gama gari don mai da hankali kan kariya daga Kasar Navajo a New Mexico zuwa Ƙasar Blackfeet in Montana. A cikin dangin Hispanic na matata, mun aiwatar da tsarin kariyar da aka mai da hankali don kiyaye Abuela, tsohuwar kakar matata.
Kariyar mu mai da hankali ta ba da fifikon rage haɗarin watsawa zuwa Abuela, sannan kuma ta yi amfani da dangin dangi na kud da kud don tsara shirin juyawa wanda ke zaune tare da Abuela. Maimakon nuna kariyar da aka mayar da hankali, idan masana kimiyya sun yarda da rashin sanin su da sauran al'ummomi kuma, a maimakon haka, sun tambayi "waɗanne misalai ne na kariyar da aka mayar da hankali da za su yi aiki ga al'ummar ku?" mai yiyuwa ne mu ƙirƙira sarari don Navajo Nation don raba labarinsu.
Mai yiyuwa ne mu iya raba mu "Ka'idar Abuela", kuma irin wannan ƙa'idar ta yiwu ta tabbatar da amfani ga sauran 'yan Hispanic, 'yan asalin Amirka, da sauran iyalai. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka sauka daga yin kamar sun san komai game da kowa, za mu iya ƙirƙirar sararin samaniya don bambancin, don mutane daga wasu al'adu su raba abubuwan da suka faru, dabi'u, da ra'ayoyinsu.
Na uku, don shawo kan bangaranci na masana kimiyya, muna bukatar mu kara himma wajen ganin cancantar abin da wasu mutane ke kokarin fada maimakon kokarin murkushe su. Misali, ko ayyukan kariyar da aka mayar da hankali ko a'a ya zama muhawara mai ban tsoro, duk da haka ƴan masu ba da goyan baya sun ga fa'idar da aka mayar da hankali kan kariyar tana aiki a ma'auni daban-daban. Ya ba da himma ga daidaikun mutane don ba da fifiko ga ƙoƙarinsu. Ya ba magidanta da iyalai a cikin al'adu da yawa ƙayyadaddun tsari don tsarawa da kuma shirye-shiryen kamuwa da cutar don kare mafi yawan dangin dangi.
Idan da shugabanni a cikin cututtukan cututtukan dabbobi da lafiyar jama'a sun kasance masu jurewa kuma sun guji "mummunan zazzagewa" na ra'ayoyi masu gasa, da za mu iya fahimtar cewa sanya abin rufe fuska a cikin hanyoyin jirgin karkashin kasa da kuma a kan jirage misalai ne na kariyar da aka mayar da hankali, mai da hankali kan kokarinmu kan mafi kyawun yanayi. Muna mayar da hankali kan kariyar lokacin da muka rage yaduwar cutar kanjamau ta hanyar samar da allura ga masu amfani da kwayoyi sabanin samar da allura ga kowa, don haka "kariyar da aka mayar da hankali" yana da mahimmanci ga manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a saboda kawai yana haɓaka ƙimar ƙimar ƙoƙarinmu.
A matakin ƙasa, mun aiwatar da kariyar mai da hankali lokacin da muka ba da fifiko ga daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin COVID mai tsanani don rigakafin, kuma kariyar da aka mai da hankali za ta iya haɓaka tasirin rabon gwaje-gwajenmu, tare da ware ƙarin gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri zuwa gidajen kulawa sabanin ƙarancin gwajin sauri ga kowane mutum a cikin ƙasar. Akwai cancantar yin tunani game da tsadar farashi, kuma yawancin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna son yin tunani game da wannan, duk da haka wannan cancantar masana kimiyya sun rasa wannan cancantar waɗanda suka ga "masu adawa da su" ba daidai ba ne, kuma suna buƙatar "a ɗauke su".
Wannan kariyar da aka mai da hankali ta kasance mai kawo cece-kuce, kuma cewa Babban Sanarwar Barrington ta ci gaba da zama shaida ta masana kimiyya a lokacin rubuta wannan, wani zargi ne na rashin hakuri da ra'ayin karya game da kimiyya da taurin kai, batacciyar manufar kiwon lafiyar jama'a wanda wani fanni na masana kimiyya bai wakilci ba. Har wala yau, mutum yana mamakin ko laifin babban laifin Babban Barrington ba shine kuskuren iliminsa ba, wanda aka tabbatar da shi, ko yuwuwar manufofinsa, wanda a zahiri ya haɗu da GBD tare da yawancin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, amma a maimakon haka kalmomin hikima sun sami goyan bayan wani ɗan ra'ayi mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma kaɗan (idan akwai) shahararrun masanan cututtukan dabbobi masu sassaucin ra'ayi.
Ko wane irin akidar masanin kimiyya, a lokacin da ake kokarin jagorantar manufofin Amurka, ya kamata mutum ya tuna cewa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya - har ma da masu sassaucin ra'ayi - mutane ne wadanda al'adunsu, ka'idoji da dabi'u suka fito daga dukan tarihin rayuwarsu. Idan masana kimiyya suna so su jagoranci kasa a cikin lokacin rikici, suna bukatar su watsar da takubbansu na bangaranci kuma su baiwa dukkan bil'adama damar shakku ba tare da la'akari da jam'iyyar siyasa ko falsafar siyasa ta hanyar tunani ba, kuma dole ne masana kimiyya su kasance da hankali sosai kamar yadda mutanen da za mu iya saba wa juna na iya kasancewa daga al'ummomi daban-daban, al'adu, ko mahallin daban-daban, kuma suna iya samun kyawawan ra'ayoyi, al'adu da mahallinsu.
Don guje wa son zuciya mai cutarwa a cikin annoba ta gaba a cikin al'ummarmu masu yawan jama'a, muna buƙatar iyakance saƙonnin tarayya da na duniya zuwa ainihin kimiyya, gami da rashin tabbas da rashin jituwa. Maimakon murkushe rashin tabbas na kimiyya da rashin jituwa a cikin al'adar ƙiyayya ga masana kimiyya masu adawa, muna bukatar mu ƙyale masana kimiyya su yi muhawararsu ba tare da tsoron tsanantawa ba don rashin amincewarsu daga wata al'adar rashin haƙuri.
Maimakon yin kamar Fauci na gaba da Collins da Birx da Gonsalves za su iya ɗaukar ingantattun manufofi don ɗaruruwan miliyoyin mutane a cikin ɗimbin abubuwan abubuwan ɗan adam a cikin ƙasarmu, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar dandamali don yawan jama'a wanda ke sauƙaƙe manufofin + raba ra'ayi tsakanin mutane a ma'auni da yawa daga gidaje da kasuwanci zuwa gundumomi da jihohi, barin wasu su bincika manufofinsu a cikin Amurka.
A ƙarshe, muna buƙatar horar da masu ilimin cututtukan dabbobi da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a don samun ƙarin sani game da matsayi da kuma nuna mafi girman tawali'u na al'adu yayin aiki a matsayin masana kimiyya da shugabannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a cikin annoba. Lokacin da muka shiga cikin al'ummomi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na bangaranci, musamman ma lokacin da wannan al'umma ta kasance wadda muka taso a cikinta kuma a cikinta muke da namu akidar bangaranci mai karfi, yana da mahimmanci mu bar jam'iyyarmu a bakin kofa kuma mu yi aiki da matsayinmu na masana kimiyya da shugabannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba don barin wata al'umma da ba ta da wani aiki.
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Alex Washburne masanin ilimin lissafi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma babban masanin kimiyya a Selva Analytics. Ya karanta gasar a cikin binciken muhalli, annoba, da tsarin tattalin arziki, tare da bincike kan cututtukan cututtukan fata, tasirin tattalin arziki na manufofin cutar, da martanin kasuwar hannun jari ga labarai na annoba.
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