Za a tuna cewa, a cikin na baya biyu posts, Na rubuta game da nihilism da ciwon yi tare da imani da 'ba kome,' da concomitant, sonon halakar (duk wani abu mai daraja a) al'umma, da kuma game da nau'i biyu na nihilism (m da kuma aiki), daya daga abin da ya nuna hanyar fita daga bakarare shimfidar wuri na zamani nihilism. Za a iya tunawa cewa na yi niyya ne don magance mafi munin nihilism da aka taɓa bayyana a duniya, wanda na yi tunanin zan kira 'nihilism na ban tsoro.'
Duk da haka, da na yi tunani game da shi na gane cewa, saboda dalilai daban-daban, zai zama ɓatarwa a kira shi 'nihilism cynical,' ko da wasu fahimtar ma'anar yau da kullum na kalmar 'zargin' da alama sun tabbatar da niyya ta farko.
Binciken intanit mai sauri yana ba da ma'anar yau da kullun na 'zargi' a matsayin 'halayen izgili ko rashin ƙarfi,' wanda ya bayyana yana aiki ga takamaiman nau'in nihilism da ake iya fahimta a cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar masu fascists da nake tunani, amma lokacin da aka ƙara sauran jimlar, sai ya zama kamar ba haka lamarin yake ba, wato: '...musamman rashin yarda da mutunci ko manufar wasu.' Ƙara zuwa ga wannan ƙamus ɗin Ingilishi na Concise na Oxford ya buɗe 'zazzagewa' kamar yadda yake 'kamar ƙwaƙƙwal ne, mai ban mamaki na nagarta ɗan adam; izgili…,' to rashin dacewarsa ga manufofina ya bayyana.
A tarihance, 'mai cin mutunci' ya kasance memba na wani tsohuwar ƙungiyar falsafar Girka wanda ya nuna ‘rani ga sauƙi da annashuwa,’ ya yi rayuwa ‘bisa ga yanayi,’ kuma ya rena taron gunduma. Kuma mene ne 'tarorin' ke ba da shawara a nan, baya ga alaƙar sa da bullowar nihilism (tsattsauran ra'ayi, m, da aiki), kamar yadda bayani na baya? Cewa tsoffin mashawartan sun riga sun yi shakku ga yarjejeniya tsakanin mutane, musamman ma masu mulki, waɗanda aka kafa irin waɗannan tarurruka.
Ya bayyana, sa'an nan, cewa kalmar, cynicism, za a iya mafi dacewa da za a yi amfani da su siffata a barata hali, ba gabaɗaya ga dukkan mutane, amma musamman ga waɗanda ke cikin ma'aikatan gwamnati waɗanda suka yaudari sauran mu da mugun nufi tun aƙalla 2020.
A takaice dai, abu ne da za a iya fahimtar cewa za a yi kyama ga irin Dr Fauci, da kuma 'darakta' na WHO, "shugaban" na Amurka na yanzu, 'firayim minista' na Biritaniya, 'Chancelor' na Jamus, da sauransu, balle wadanda suka yi kama da masu ba da agaji, irin su Bill Gates da George Soros, yayin da suke adawa da halin mutuntaka na Afirka. mai tunani, Achille Mbembe, zai kira 'necropolitical(ly)' (necropolitics: wani nau'i na siyasa da ke inganta mutuwa).
Don haka yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da 'nihilism' don kwatanta halin da al'umma ke fahimta a cikin ayyuka da furci na membobin 'kungiyar Davos;' wato technocratic neo-fascists wadanda suke bata kansu ta hanyar yaudara da sunan gamayya, 'elite'. Na gwammace in kira su, bayan Mbembe,'necro-fascists. '
Don bayyana abin da nake tunani, ɗan karkata ya zama dole ta hanyar aikin Michel Yaya, wanda ya share fagen tunanin Mbembe. A cikin abubuwan da ake kira Foucault na nazarin zuriyarsu, hoton da ya taso na duniyar zamani ya kasance mai tsauri. A ciki Ladabi da azabtarwa (1995), alal misali, akan tarihin canza yanayin azabtarwa, Foucault ya bayyana duniya irin ta kurkuku (namu) wanda a cikinta ake mayar da mutane zuwa 'jikunan masu zaman kansu' ta hanyoyi daban-daban na ladabtarwa irin su 'lura na matsayi,'' hukunci na al'ada,' da' jarrabawa' (duba). Olivier 2010 domin karin bayani akan haka). A cikin Volume I na Tarihin Jima'i (1980) ya ƙara wannan mummunan yanayin zamantakewa ta hanyar nuna irin ƙarfin da ba za a iya gujewa ba wanda 'ikon bio-power' ke da shi a kan daidaikun mutane da jama'a, ta hanyar dabarun kamar 'siyasa-siyasa na jiki' (misali kula da zamantakewar haifuwa) da kuma 'siyasa na rayuwa' (kamar sarrafa yawan jama'a).
Mbembe (Necropolitics, Al'adar Jama'a 15, 1, shafi na 11-40, 2003) ya ci gaba da aikin Foucault ta hanyar jayayya cewa, idan aka ba da wasu al'amuran zamantakewa da siyasa a cikin duniyar zamani waɗanda ke nuna rashin mutunta rayuwar mutane, mutum zai iya komawa ga gaskiya.necropolitics' maimakon siyasar rayuwa. Yana da kyau a faɗi Mbembe a nan (Necropolitics, p. 12.):
Yin amfani da iko shine ikon sarrafa mace-mace da kuma musanta rayuwa azaman turawa da bayyanar iko. Mutum na iya taƙaita a cikin kalmomin da ke sama abin da Michel Foucault ke nufi da shi biopower: wannan yanki na rayuwa wanda iko ya mamaye shi. Amma a cikin waɗanne yanayi ne ake amfani da ’yancin kisa, ƙyale a yi rai, ko fallasa ga mutuwa? Wanene batun wannan hakkin? Menene aiwatar da irin wannan haƙƙoƙin ya gaya mana game da mutumin da aka kashe shi da kuma dangantakar ƙiyayya da ke sa mutumin da wanda ya kashe shi? Shin ra'ayin biopower ya isa ya lissafta hanyoyin zamani waɗanda siyasa, a ƙarƙashin fakewar yaƙi, na juriya, ko yaƙi da ta'addanci, suka mai da kisan maƙiyi ainihin manufarsa? Yaƙi, bayan haka, hanya ce ta samun ikon mallaka kamar yadda ake amfani da ’yancin kisa. Idan muka yi la’akari da siyasa a matsayin wani nau’i na yaƙi, dole ne mu yi tambaya: Wane wuri ne aka ba rai, mutuwa, da kuma jikin ɗan adam (musamman waɗanda aka raunata ko aka kashe)? Yaya aka rubuta su a cikin tsari na iko?
Saboda haka neologism na Mbembe na 'necropolitics'. Zan yi iƙirarin cewa ayyukan 'yan ra'ayin duniya, da kuma maganganun mambobi na waɗannan 'yan ta'adda, irin su na Klaus Schwab (wanda ya kasance shugaban dandalin tattalin arzikin duniya, wata ƙungiyar siyasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke yin kama da wanda ke inganta muradun tattalin arziki), akan 'ban tsoro' bege na a'm cyber-attack' na yi daidai da ra'ayin Mbembe na 'necropolitics' - don haka shawarar da na yanke na kira su 'necro-nihilist' maimakon 'yan nihilists.' na dan lokaci'necro-nihilism' don haka za'a iya bayyana shi kamar'ƙin yarda da ƙima a cikin wani abu, musamman ma masu rai, ana iya gano su a cikin imani da halayen da suka dace da nufin halakar halittu, daga kwari irin su kudan zuma, ta hanyar dabbobin ruwa da na ƙasa kamar dabbar dolphins, tsuntsaye, shanu da barewa, ga mutane.. '
a cikin wannan sake gyara bidiyo, Tucker Carlson (wanda ba ya buƙatar gabatarwa) ya ba da haske mai mahimmanci a kan wannan al'amari, inda ya yi sharhi game da Schwab - wanda ya sadu da shi ba da daɗewa ba - ya zo a matsayin 'tsohuwar wawa,' wanda ba zai iya faɗi wani abu mai ma'ana ba, balle abin ban sha'awa ko ban mamaki, kamar yadda mutum zai iya tsammanin daga hoton ɗan jarida mai banƙyama na Sabuwar Dokar Duniya. Carlson ya kwatanta Schwab da Victoria Nuland ('yar bakin ciki, baƙar magana'), wacce ya ga ba ta da daɗi kuma ba ta da kyau. Wannan ya kai shi ga yanke hukunci mai ban tsoro cewa mutanen da ke kan matsayi na yanke shawara da tasiri ba su san ainihin abin da suke yi ba (ciki har da Antony Blinken) - amma duk da haka, sakamakon yanke shawara da ayyukansu ya shafi dukanmu, galibi yana da lahani, ba shakka.
Layin punch a cikin bidiyon da aka sake gyara (wanda aka haɗa a sama) ya zo lokacin da Clayton Morris, ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatarwa, ya taƙaita fahimtar Carlson tare da ra'ayin, cewa '...ya yarda cewa waɗannan mutane wawa ne masu son lalata abubuwan da ba su gina; suna son ruguza abubuwan da basa ginawa…'
Wataƙila mafi zurfin fahimtar tunanin Carlson ya zo a cikin wannan ɓangaren hirar da Morris duo ya buga, inda ya lura da cewa dalilin da yasa Schwab da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka rushe abubuwan da wasu mutane suka gina - daga kyawawan tashoshin jirgin ƙasa zuwa lambar doka zuwa Jami'ar Harvard - saboda suna 'hassada.' Ya kwatanta su da barasa waɗanda suka kori Roma (a cikin 5th karni KZ), domin suna kishin wani abu da ba za su iya gina kansu ba, wanda ke nufin cewa su ’yan barna ne kawai, kamar yadda mutanen da suke rubuta rubutu a kan kyawawan gine-gine. Carlson ya kuma bayyana cewa wannan dalili (hassada) shine 'mafi tsufa a duniya.'
Ban taba daukar Carlson ya zama mai iko a kai ba Freud, amma a nan fahimtarsa ta haɗu da na uban ilimin halin dan Adam. A ciki Rukuni na rukuni da kuma Nazarin Ego (shafi na 3812 na Standard Edition of Freud's complete Ilimin halin dan Adam Works, edited by James Strachey) - don ambaci ɗaya daga cikin lokuttan da ya yi haka - Freud ya rubuta game da '… hassada ta farko da babban yaro ya karɓi ƙaramin.' Wannan mafi girma na jin daɗin zamantakewa an haife shi ne a cikin mahallin zaman tare na 'yan'uwa, don haka, inda babban yaro ya gane tare da tsananin kishi irin ƙaunar da aka yi a kan sabon zuwa (wanda shi ma ya samu, kamar yadda Freud ya lura; don haka hassada).
A cikin kyakkyawar fahimtarsa game da wannan Freud ya ba wa magajinsa hanyoyin fahimtar dalilin da yasa hassada ke haifar da irin wannan mummunan sakamako. Don sanya shi cikin sharuddan Lacanian (Jack Lacan shi ne magajin Faransa na Freud), saboda hassada tana da alaƙa da rashin iya kwafi; wato dandana na sauran morewa, cewa yana motsa mutane su yi ta hanyoyi masu lalacewa sau da yawa. Jouissance, na Lacan, shi ne muɗaɗɗen kowane batu, kamar yadda aka ɗaure shi da na musamman, wanda ba a iya maimaita shi (rashin sani) sha'awar - asali, ba a cikin ma'anar jima'i ba, amma a matsayin abin da ke bambanta mutum daga duk sauran. Shi ne yake kwadaitar da mutum yin abubuwan da kuke yi, a takaice. (Don ƙarin kan wannan, duba nawa takarda a kan Lacan da kuma tambaya game da yanayin da'a na psychotherapist.)
Don haka hassada Lacan ba ta dace da kishi ba; daya yana kishin wani abu da wani yake da shi ko ya mallaka -kamar mota mai kaushi, ko dukiya - amma hassada ta fi asali: ka yi hassada da wani abu. kwarewa, wanda ba za ku iya ba. Don haka, alal misali, attajiri da ba ya farin ciki duk da dukiyarsa, yana iya kishin matalautan masunta don cin abinci da abin sha tare da iyalinsu bayan kamawa.
Wannan yana kama da lamarin neo-fascist cabal, idan Carlson yana da gaskiya - kuma na yi imani da shi. Duk da dukiyoyinsu - galibinsu hamshakan attajirai ne - da alama ba su da ikon jin daɗin sauƙi, saboda haka, hassadarsu ga sauran mu ba su san iyaka ba. Bayan haka, saninmu game da barazanar da rayuwar ɗan adam ke haifarwa duk da haka, muna ci gaba da haɗuwa a cikin yanayi na biki, muna taɗi, dariya, rawa, waƙa, da shan giya. Ni da matata muna yin raye-raye kusan kowane karshen mako, da sauran abokan ciniki a gidan abincin da ke nuna raye-raye a kai a kai, suna yaba mana a kan jin daɗin da muke samu daga buguwa zuwa bugun (mafi yawa) rock'n roll.
By m bambanci, da morewa na masu fasaha na duniya, irin wannan, ya ƙunshi tsarawa da aiwatar da hanyoyi masu ma'ana don halakar (wata kalma ta musamman a nan, la'akari da haɗin kai da 'nihilism') sauran mu, tare da nadama ko laifi na wani lokaci - rashin iyawar mai kwakwalwa. Yana da wuya duk wanda ya san jin nadama ya gane irin wannan tunani. Wanene bai ji laifi ba a rayuwarsu, a wasu lokuta da mutum ya aikata wani abu, ko dai da gangan ko da gangan, wanda ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi ko wahala ga wani? Amma ina shakka ko akwai wani abu da ba a sani ba a cikin ayyuka da dabarun lalata na cabal da bayin su na son rai. Akasin haka, an shirya shi (kuma a wasu lokuta ana maimaitawa) sosai.
Idan da gaske ne lamarin necro-nihilism a tushen dimokaradiyyar duniya. morewa Shin abin da ke motsa su zuwa ga ayyukan mugunta da ba za a iya faɗi ba, shin muna da wani dalili na hasashen yiwuwar sauyi a cikin shirinsu na halaka, ƙila yana tare da alamun damuwa? Ina tsammanin ba; a haƙiƙa, na tabbata hakan ba zai faru ba, idan aka yi la’akari da alamun cewa a Murar tsuntsaye 'cutar cuta' na iya kasancewa cikin tashin hankali - wanda, bisa ga dukkan alamu, zai lalata cutar 'Covid' dangane da mace-mace. Idan akai la'akari da cewa, a ƙarƙashin yanayin 'halitta', mura ba a sauƙaƙe daga dabbobi zuwa mutane ba, amma an ba da rahoton adadin irin waɗannan cututtuka kwanan nan, ba ya ɗaukar Sherlock Holmes don gane cewa wani abu kamar haka. 'binciken riba-na-aiki' ya gyara kwayar cutar don sauƙaƙe irin wannan dabba-da-mutum (idan ba mutum-zuwa-mutum) ba.
Kammalawa? Nisa daga nuna wata alama ta kai wani matsayi inda wasu modicum na sanin yakamata a ɓangarensu ke faruwa - ta fuskar ɗimbin yawa na babu shakka. ingantaccen karatu dangane da munanan illolin Covid 'alurar riga kafi' (a fili a cikin al'amarin na wuce gona da iri, alal misali) - duk abin da ke nunawa a cikin jagorancin haɓaka ayyukan necro-nihilist na neo-fascists. Wanda ke nufin cewa mu, juriya, ba za mu iya ba da damar rage faɗakar da mu don karin magana na biyu ba.
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Bert Olivier yana aiki a Sashen Falsafa, Jami'ar Jihar Kyauta. Bert yayi bincike a cikin Psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, falsafar muhalli da falsafar fasaha, adabi, cinema, gine-gine da Aesthetics. Ayyukansa na yanzu shine 'Fahimtar batun dangane da girman mulkin neoliberalism.'
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